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Cataldo D, Aravena G, Escobar A, Tapia JC, Peralta OA, Torres CG. Effect of Melatonin on Chemoresistance Exhibited by Spheres Derived from Canine Mammary Carcinoma Cells. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1229. [PMID: 38672378 PMCID: PMC11047318 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammary cancer is a frequent disease in female dogs, where a high proportion of cases correspond to malignant tumors that may exhibit drug resistance. Within the mammary tumor microenvironment, there is a cell subpopulation called cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are capable of forming spheres in vitro and resisting anti-tumor treatments, partly explaining the recurrence of some tumors. Previously, it has been described that spheres derived from canine mammary carcinoma cells CF41.Mg and REM 134 exhibit stemness characteristics. Melatonin has shown anti-tumor effects on mammary tumor cells; however, its effects have been poorly evaluated in canine mammary CSCs. This study aimed to analyze the effect of melatonin on the chemoresistance exhibited by stem-like neoplastic cells derived from canine mammary carcinoma to cytotoxic drugs such as doxorubicin and mitoxantrone. CF41.Mg and REM 134 cells were cultured in high-glucose DMEM supplemented with fetal bovine serum and L-glutamine. The spheres were cultured in ultra-low attachment plates in DMEM/F12 medium without fetal bovine serum and with different growth factors. The CD44+/CD24-/low phenotype was analyzed by flow cytometry. The viability of sphere-derived cells (MTS reduction) was studied in the presence of melatonin (0.1 or 1 mM), doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, and luzindole. In addition, the gene (RT-qPCR) of the multidrug resistance bombs MDR1 and ABCG2 were analyzed in the presence of melatonin. Both cell types expressed the MT1 gene, which encodes the melatonin receptor MT1. Melatonin 1 mM does not modify the CD44+/CD24-/low phenotype; however, the hormone reduced viability (p < 0.0001) only in CF41.Mg spheres, without inducing an additive effect when co-incubated with cytotoxic drugs. These effects were independent of the binding of the hormone to its receptor MT1, since, by pharmacologically inhibiting them, the effect of melatonin was not blocked. In CF41.Mg spheres, the relative gene expression of ABCG2 and MDR1 was decreased in response to the hormone (p < 0.001). These results indicate that melatonin negatively modulates the cell survival of spheres derived from CF41.Mg cells, in a way that is independent of its MT1 receptor. These effects did not counteract the resistance to doxorubicin and mitoxantrone, even though the hormone negatively regulates the gene expression of MDR1 and ABCG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Cataldo
- Centralized Laboratory of Veterinary Research, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (D.C.); (G.A.)
- Laboratory of Biomedicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Guillermo Aravena
- Centralized Laboratory of Veterinary Research, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (D.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Alejandro Escobar
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Dental Sciences Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Julio C. Tapia
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Oscar A. Peralta
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 7820435, Chile;
| | - Cristian G. Torres
- Centralized Laboratory of Veterinary Research, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (D.C.); (G.A.)
- Laboratory of Biomedicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
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Zhao Y, Guo J. Integrated study reveals mechanism of Tripterygium Wilfordii against cholangiocarcinoma based on bioinformatics approaches and molecular dynamics simulation. Comput Biol Chem 2024; 109:108030. [PMID: 38387122 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2024.108030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (TW) shows anticancer activity, and no study has comprehensively investigated the effects of TW in treating cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL). This study was designed to identify the therapeutic role and the mechanism of TW against CHOL to obtain anti-CHOL candidate components and targets. METHODS Ingredients of TW were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database and literature. Limma package and weighted gene co-expression network analysis were used to identify the genes related to CHOL. Enrichment analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) was performed by R package Cluster-Profiler and Metascape, respectively. Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network was used to select core genes in the treatment of CHOL by TW, followed by GEPIA2, UALCAN database, and ROC curves to assess their diagnostic and prognostic capability. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were applied to explore the binding affinity and stability of the complex between the bioactive ingredients in TW and core targets. RESULTS A total of 67 ingredients in TW were collected, and 495 genes were obtained as genes of CHOL. 55 common TW-CHOL targets were identified. 171 biological process terms and 100 KEGG pathways were enriched. 12 genes were regarded as core genes through PPI analysis, such as CYP3A4, CES1, GC, and PLG, whose good diagnostic and prognostic capability were identified. Ten ingredients were selected through the construction of Herb-Components-Targets-Disease network. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation both confirmed the good binding affinity and stability of the ligand-protein complexes. CONCLUSION This study identified the therapeutic role and predicted the mechanism of TW against CHOL, where TW may combat CHOL through the regulation of metabolic conditions of the body, bile acid secretion, xenobiotics metabolism, and the inflammatory response. Celastrol, triptonide, triptolide and wilforlide A emerged as promising anti-CHOL candidates. So, this study offered a reference for the treatment of CHOL and the development of anti-CHOL drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Junfeng Guo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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Martins-Gomes C, Silva AM. Natural Products as a Tool to Modulate the Activity and Expression of Multidrug Resistance Proteins of Intestinal Barrier. J Xenobiot 2023; 13:172-192. [PMID: 37092502 PMCID: PMC10123636 DOI: 10.3390/jox13020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of intestinal barrier homeostasis in an individual’s general well-being has been widely addressed by the scientific community. Colorectal cancer is among the illnesses that most affect this biological barrier. While chemotherapy is the first choice to treat this type of cancer, multidrug resistance (MDR) is the major setback against the commonly used drugs, with the ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters) being the major players. The role of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1), or breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) in the efflux of chemotherapeutic drugs is well described in cancer cells, highlighting these proteins as interesting druggable targets to reverse MDR, decrease drug dosage, and consequently undesired toxicity. Natural products, especially phytochemicals, have a wide diversity of chemical structures, and some particular classes, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, or pentacyclic triterpenoids, have been reported as inhibitors of P-gp, MRP1, and ABCG2, being able to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs. Nevertheless, ABC transporters play a vital role in the cell’s defense against xenobiotics, and some phytochemicals have also been shown to induce the transporters’ activity. A balance must be obtained between xenobiotic efflux in non-tumor cells and bioaccumulation of chemotherapy drugs in cancer cells, in which ABC transporters are essential and natural products play a pivotal role that must be further analyzed. This review summarizes the knowledge concerning the nomenclature and function of ABC-transporters, emphasizing their role in the intestinal barrier cells. In addition, it also focuses on the role of natural products commonly found in food products, e.g., phytochemicals, as modulators of ABC-transporter activity and expression, which are promising nutraceutical molecules to formulate new drug combinations to overcome multidrug resistance.
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Updated chemical scaffolds of ABCG2 inhibitors and their structure-inhibition relationships for future development. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 241:114628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Interaction of crown ethers with the ABCG2 transporter and their implication for multidrug resistance reversal. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 158:261-277. [PMID: 35648291 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02106-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of ABC transporters, such as ABCB1 and ABCG2, plays an important role in mediating multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer. This feature is also attributed to a subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), having enhanced tumourigenic potential. ABCG2 is specifically associated with the CSC phenotype, making it a valuable target for eliminating aggressive and resistant cells. Several natural and synthetic ionophores have been discovered as CSC-selective drugs that may also have MDR-reversing ability, whereas their interaction with ABCG2 has not yet been explored. We previously reported the biological activities, including ABCB1 inhibition, of a group of adamantane-substituted diaza-18-crown-6 (DAC) compounds that possess ionophore capabilities. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of ABCG2-inhibitory activity of DAC compounds and the natural ionophores salinomycin, monensin and nigericin. We used a series of functional assays, including real-time microscopic analysis of ABCG2-mediated fluorescent substrate transport in cells, and docking studies to provide comparative aspects for the transporter-compound interactions and their role in restoring chemosensitivity. We found that natural ionophores did not inhibit ABCG2, suggesting that their CSC selectivity is likely mediated by other mechanisms. In contrast, DACs with amide linkage in the side arms demonstrated noteworthy ABCG2-inhibitory activity, with DAC-3Amide proving to be the most potent. This compound induced conformational changes of the transporter and likely binds to both Cavity 1 and the NBD-TMD interface. DAC-3Amide reversed ABCG2-mediated MDR in model cells, without affecting ABCG2 expression or localization. These results pave the way for the development of new crown ether compounds with improved ABCG2-inhibitory properties.
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Combination of Elacridar with Imatinib Modulates Resistance Associated with Drug Efflux Transporters in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051158. [PMID: 35625893 PMCID: PMC9138473 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) development has emerged as a complication that compromises the success of several chemotherapeutic agents. In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), imatinib resistance has been associated with changes in BCR-ABL1 and intracellular drug concentration, controlled by SLC and ABC transporters. We evaluate the therapeutic potential of a P-glycoprotein and BCRP inhibitor, elacridar, in sensitive (K562 and LAMA-84) and imatinib-resistant (K562-RC and K562-RD) CML cell lines as monotherapy and combined with imatinib. Cell viability was analyzed by resazurin assay. Drug transporter activity, cell death, cell proliferation rate, and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by flow cytometry. Both resistant models presented an increased activity of BCRP and P-gP compared to K562 cells. Elacridar as monotherapy did not reach IC50 in any CML models but activated apoptosis without cytostatic effect. Nevertheless, the association of elacridar (250 nM) with imatinib overcomes resistance, re-sensitizing K562-RC and K562-RD cells with five and ten times lower imatinib concentrations, respectively. Drug combination induced apoptosis with increased cleaved-caspases-3, cleaved-PARP and DNA damage, reduced cell proliferation rate, and arrested CML cells in the S phase. These data suggest that elacridar combined with imatinib might represent a new therapeutic option for overcoming TKI resistance involving efflux transporters.
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Ye H, Wu K, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Luo H, Zou W. Zinc oxide nanoparticle attenuates chemotherapy resistance by inducing cell stemness progression of colorectal cancer via miR-1321/HIF-2α axis. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Sharma P, Singh N, Sharma S. ATP binding cassette transporters and cancer: revisiting their controversial role. Pharmacogenomics 2021; 22:1211-1235. [PMID: 34783261 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2021-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC transporters) has been reported in various tissues such as the lung, liver, kidney, brain and intestine. These proteins account for the efflux of different compounds and metabolites across the membrane, thus decreasing the concentration of the toxic compounds. ABC transporter genes play a vital role in the development of multidrug resistance, which is the main obstacle that hinders the success of chemotherapy. Preclinical and clinical trials have investigated the probability of overcoming drug-associated resistance and substantial toxicities. The focus has been put on several strategies to overcome multidrug resistance. These strategies include the development of modulators that can modulate ABC transporters. This knowledge can be translated for clinical oncology treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Navneet Singh
- Department of Pulmonary medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Siddharth Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India
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Siri M, Behrouj H, Dastghaib S, Zamani M, Likus W, Rezaie S, Hudecki J, Khazayel S, Łos MJ, Mokarram P, Ghavami S. Casein Kinase-1-Alpha Inhibitor (D4476) Sensitizes Microsatellite Instable Colorectal Cancer Cells to 5-Fluorouracil via Authophagy Flux Inhibition. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021; 69:26. [PMID: 34536148 PMCID: PMC8449776 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-021-00629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) does not improve survival of patients suffering from a form of colorectal cancer (CRC) characterized by high level of microsatellite instability (MSI-H). Given the importance of autophagy and multi-drug-resistant (MDR) proteins in chemotherapy resistance, as well as the role of casein kinase 1-alpha (CK1α) in the regulation of autophagy, we tested the combined effect of 5-FU and CK1α inhibitor (D4476) on HCT116 cells as a model of MSI-H colorectal cancer. To achieve this goal, the gene expression of Beclin1 and MDR genes, ABCG2 and ABCC3 were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We used immunoblotting to measure autophagy flux (LC3, p62) and flow cytometry to detect apoptosis. Our findings showed that combination treatment with 5-FU and D4476 inhibited autophagy flux. Moreover, 5-FU and D4476 combination therapy induced G2, S and G1 phase arrests and it depleted mRNA of both cell proliferation-related genes and MDR-related genes (ABCG2, cyclin D1 and c-myc). Hence, our data indicates that targeting of CK1α may increase the sensitivity of HCT116 cells to 5-FU. To our knowledge, this is the first description of sensitization of CRC cells to 5-FU chemotherapy by CK1α inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morvarid Siri
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O Box: 1167, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Behrouj
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O Box: 1167, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O Box: 1167, Shiraz, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Zamani
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Wirginia Likus
- Department of Anatomy, School of Health Science in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-762, Katowice, Poland
| | - Sedigheh Rezaie
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O Box: 1167, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jacek Hudecki
- Laryngology Department, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Saeed Khazayel
- Department of Research and Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Marek J Łos
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Pathology, Unii Lubelskiej 1, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-344, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O Box: 1167, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
- Faculty of Medicine, Katowice School of Technology, Katowice, Poland.
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Narayanan S, Fan YF, Gujarati NA, Teng QX, Wang JQ, Cai CY, Yang Y, Chintalapati AJ, Lei Y, Korlipara VL, Chen ZS. VKNG-1 Antagonizes ABCG2-Mediated Multidrug Resistance via p-AKT and Bcl-2 Pathway in Colon Cancer: In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4675. [PMID: 34572902 PMCID: PMC8470077 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) to chemotherapeutic drugs is a major problem in the therapy of cancer. Knowledge of the mechanisms of drug resistance in cancer is necessary for developing efficacious therapies. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are transmembrane proteins that efflux chemotherapeutic drugs from cancer cells, thereby producing MDR. Our research efforts have led to the discovery of VKNG-1, a compound that selectively inhibits the ABCG2 transporter and reverses resistanctabe to standard anticancer drugs both in vitro and in vivo. VKNG-1, at 6 µM, selectively inhibited ABCG2 transporter and sensitized ABCG2-overexpressing drug-resistant cancer cells to the ABCG2 substrate anticancer drugs mitoxantrone, SN-38, and doxorubicin in ABCG2-overexpressing colon cancers. VKNG- 1 reverses ABCG2-mediated MDR by blocking ABCG2 efflux activity and downregulating ABCG2 expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, VKNG-1 inhibits the level of phosphorylated protein kinase B (PKB/p-AKT), and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein which may overcome resistance to anticancer drugs. However, the in vitro translocation of ABCG2 protein did not occur in the presence of 6 µM of VKNG-1. In addition, VKNG-1 enhanced the anticancer efficacy of irinotecan in ABCG2- overexpressing mouse tumor xenografts. Overall, our results suggest that VKNG-1 may, in combination with certain anticancer drugs, represent a treatment to overcome ABCG2-mediated MDR colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silpa Narayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (S.N.); (Y.-F.F.); (N.A.G.); (Q.-X.T.); (J.-Q.W.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (A.J.C.)
| | - Ying-Fang Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (S.N.); (Y.-F.F.); (N.A.G.); (Q.-X.T.); (J.-Q.W.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (A.J.C.)
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhu Jiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Nehaben A. Gujarati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (S.N.); (Y.-F.F.); (N.A.G.); (Q.-X.T.); (J.-Q.W.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (A.J.C.)
| | - Qiu-Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (S.N.); (Y.-F.F.); (N.A.G.); (Q.-X.T.); (J.-Q.W.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (A.J.C.)
| | - Jing-Quan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (S.N.); (Y.-F.F.); (N.A.G.); (Q.-X.T.); (J.-Q.W.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (A.J.C.)
| | - Chao-Yun Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (S.N.); (Y.-F.F.); (N.A.G.); (Q.-X.T.); (J.-Q.W.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (A.J.C.)
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (S.N.); (Y.-F.F.); (N.A.G.); (Q.-X.T.); (J.-Q.W.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (A.J.C.)
| | - Anirudh J. Chintalapati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (S.N.); (Y.-F.F.); (N.A.G.); (Q.-X.T.); (J.-Q.W.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (A.J.C.)
| | - Yixiong Lei
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China;
| | - Vijaya L. Korlipara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (S.N.); (Y.-F.F.); (N.A.G.); (Q.-X.T.); (J.-Q.W.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (A.J.C.)
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (S.N.); (Y.-F.F.); (N.A.G.); (Q.-X.T.); (J.-Q.W.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (A.J.C.)
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A FOXM1-Targeted Peptide Overcomes 5-Fluorouracil Resistance via Modulating ABC Transporters in Liver Cancer HepG2 Cells. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wang JQ, Wu ZX, Yang Y, Teng QX, Li YD, Lei ZN, Jani KA, Kaushal N, Chen ZS. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in cancer: A review of recent updates. J Evid Based Med 2021; 14:232-256. [PMID: 34388310 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily is one of the largest membrane protein families existing in wide spectrum of organisms from prokaryotes to human. ABC transporters are also known as efflux pumps because they mediate the cross-membrane transportation of various endo- and xenobiotic molecules energized by ATP hydrolysis. Therefore, ABC transporters have been considered closely to multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer, where the efflux of structurally distinct chemotherapeutic drugs causes reduced itherapeutic efficacy. Besides, ABC transporters also play other critical biological roles in cancer such as signal transduction. During the past decades, extensive efforts have been made in understanding the structure-function relationship, transportation profile of ABC transporters, as well as the possibility to overcome MDR via targeting these transporters. In this review, we discuss the most recent knowledge regarding ABC transporters and cancer drug resistance in order to provide insights for the development of more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Quan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Zhuo-Xun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Qiu-Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Yi-Dong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Zi-Ning Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Khushboo A Jani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Neeraj Kaushal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
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Babao Dan Reverses Multiple-Drug Resistance in Gastric Cancer Cells via Triggering Apoptosis and Autophagy and Inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5631942. [PMID: 34306145 PMCID: PMC8285167 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5631942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a critical reason for cancer chemotherapy failure. Babaodan (BBD) is a famous traditional Chinese patent medicine reported to have antigastric cancer activity. However, the roles and molecular mechanisms of the reversal of MDR of gastric cancer by BBD have not been well described until now. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to elucidate further the role of BBD in reversing the MDR of gastric cancer cells and its specific regulatory mechanism via in vitro experiments. To verify our results, MTT, Doxorubicin (DOX) staining, Rhodamin123 (Rho123) staining, DAPI staining, Annexin V-FITC, propidium iodide (PI), Cyto-ID, and western blot assays were performed. To determine whether BBD triggers apoptosis and autophagy through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, we also applied 3-methyladenine (3-MA), chloroquine (CQ), and 740Y-P (an activator of PI3K). The results showed that BBD reversed the MDR and induced apoptosis and autophagy of SGC7901/DDP cells. Pathway analyses suggested BBD inhibits PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activity and subsequent apoptosis-autophagy induction. Inhibition of autophagy with 3-MA and chloroquine (CQ) was performed to confirm that BBD promoted autophagy. PI3K agonist, 740Y-P, further verified BBD inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation. In conclusion, BBD may reverse the MDR of gastric cancer cells, induce apoptosis, and promote autophagy via inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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NCX-4040, a Unique Nitric Oxide Donor, Induces Reversal of Drug-Resistance in Both ABCB1- and ABCG2-Expressing Multidrug Human Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071680. [PMID: 33918289 PMCID: PMC8038154 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in the clinic is a significant problem for a successful treatment of human cancers. Overexpression of various ABC transporters (P-gp, BCRP and MRP's), which remove anticancer drugs in an ATP-dependent manner, is linked to the emergence of MDR. Attempts to modulate MDR have not been very successful in the clinic. Furthermore, no single agent has been found to significantly inhibit their functions to overcome clinical drug resistance. We have previously shown that nitric oxide (●NO) inhibits ATPase functions of ABC transporters, causing reversal of resistance to clinically active anticancer drugs. In this study, we have used cytotoxicity and molecular docking studies to show that NCX4040, a nitric oxide donor related to aspirin, inhibited the functions of ATPase which resulted in significant reversal of resistance to both adriamycin and topotecan in P-gp- and BCRP-expressing human cancer cell lines, respectively. We also used several other cytotoxic nitric oxide donors, e.g., molsidomine and S-nitroso glutathione; however, both P-gp- and BCRP-expressing cells were found to be highly resistant to these NO-donors. Molecular docking studies showed that NCX4040 binds to the nucleotide binding domains of the ATPase and interferes with further binding of ATP, resulting in decreased activities of these transporters. Our results are extremely promising and suggest that nitric oxide and other reactive species delivered to drug resistant tumor cells by well-designed nitric oxide donors could be useful in sensitizing anticancer drugs in multidrug resistant tumors expressing various ABC transporters.
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Thabet NA, El-Khouly D, Sayed-Ahmed MM, Omran MM. Thymoquinone chemosensitizes human colorectal cancer cells to imatinib via uptake/efflux genes modulation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:911-920. [PMID: 33783002 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Imatinib (IM) is a pharmaceutical drug that inhibits tyrosine kinase enzymes that are responsible for the activation of many proteins by signal transduction cascades as c-Abl, c-Kit and the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor. Thymoquinone (TQ) is an active constituent of Nigella sativa seeds. Thymoquinone benefits are attributed to its medicinal uses as antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial agent. This study aimed to investigate the impact of using TQ with IM in the HCT116 human colorectal cancer cell line model. The HCT116 cells were treated with IM or/and TQ in non-constant ratios, in which the fixed concentrations of TQ (5, 10 or 20 µmol/L) were co-treated with various concentrations of IM (7.5-120 µmol/L) for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Imatinib-TQ interaction was analysed using CompuSyn software. The IC50 values for IM were 105, 72 μmol/L after 48 and 72 hours, respectively, and were significantly reduced to 7.3, 7 and 5.5 μmol/L after combination with TQ (10 μmol/L) and to 5.8, 5.6 and 4.6 μmol/L after combination with TQ (20 μmol/L) to 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively. The combination index (CI) and dose reduction index (DRI) values indicate a significant synergism in HCT-116 cells at different treatment time points. Thymoquinone significantly enhances the cellular uptake of IM in HCT116 cells in a time and concentration-dependent manner. A significant downregulation in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1), ABC subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) and human organic cation transporter 1 (hOCT1) genes was observed in the cells exposed to IM+TQ combination as compared to IM alone, which resulted in a substantial elevation in uptake/efflux ratio in combination group. In conclusion, TQ potentiates IM efficacy on HCT116 cells via uptake/efflux genes modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia A Thabet
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia El-Khouly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Sayed-Ahmed
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mervat M Omran
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Lei ZN, Teng QX, Gupta P, Zhang W, Narayanan S, Yang DH, Wurpel JND, Fan YF, Chen ZS. Cabozantinib Reverses Topotecan Resistance in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer NCI-H460/TPT10 Cell Line and Tumor Xenograft Model. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:640957. [PMID: 33829017 PMCID: PMC8019832 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cabozantinib (CBZ) is a small molecule tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor, which could also inhibit the ABCG2 transporter function. Therefore, CBZ could re-sensitize cancer cells that are resistant to ABCG2 substrate drugs including topotecan (TPT). However, its reversal effect against TPT resistance has not been tested in a TPT-induced resistant cancer model. In this study, a new TPT selected human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-resistant cell model NCI-H460/TPT10 with ABCG2 overexpression and its parental NCI-H460 cells were utilized to investigate the role of CBZ in drug resistance. The in vitro study showed that CBZ, at a non-toxic concentration, could re-sensitize NCI-H460/TPT10 cells to TPT by restoring intracellular TPT accumulation via inhibiting ABCG2 function. In addition, the increased cytotoxicity by co-administration of CBZ and TPT may be contributed by the synergistic effect on downregulating ABCG2 expression in NCI-H460/TPT10 cells. To further verify the applicability of the NCI-H460/TPT10 cell line to test multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal agents in vivo and to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of CBZ on reversing TPT resistance, a tumor xenograft mouse model was established by implanting NCI-H460 and NCI-H460/TPT10 into nude mice. The NCI-H460/TPT10 xenograft tumors treated with the combination of TPT and CBZ dramatically reduced in size compared to tumors treated with TPT or CBZ alone. The TPT-resistant phenotype of NCI-H460/TPT10 cell line and the reversal capability of CBZ in NCI-H460/TPT10 cells could be extended from in vitro cell model to in vivo xenograft model. Collectively, CBZ is considered to be a potential approach in overcoming ABCG2-mediated MDR in NSCLC. The established NCI-H460/TPT10 xenograft model could be a sound clinically relevant resource for future drug screening to eradicate ABCG2-mediated MDR in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ning Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Qiu-Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Pranav Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States.,Institute of Plastic Surgery, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Silpa Narayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - John N D Wurpel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Ying-Fang Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
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Mehendale-Munj S, Sawant S. Breast Cancer Resistance Protein: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Cancer. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:420-428. [PMID: 33243119 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121999201125200132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) is an efflux transporter responsible for causing multidrug resistance (MDR). It is known to expel many potent antineoplastic drugs, owing to its efflux function. Efflux of chemotherapeutics because of BCRP develops resistance to many drugs, leading to failure in cancer treatment. BCRP plays an important role in physiology by protecting the organism from xenobiotics and other toxins. It is a half-transporter affiliated to the ATP- binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of transporters, encoded by the gene ABCG2 and functions in response to adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Regulation of BCRP expression is critically controlled at molecular levels, which help in maintaining the balance of xenobiotics and nutrients inside the body. Expression of BCRP can be found in brain, liver, lung cancers and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Moreover, it is also expressed at high levels in stem cells and many cell lines. This frequent expression of BCRP has an impact on the treatment procedures and, if not scrutinized, may lead to the failure of many cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Mehendale-Munj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vivekanand Education Society's College of Pharmacy, Hashu Advani Memorial Complex, Behind Collector's Colony, Chembur (E), Mumbai 400074, Affiliated to University of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shivangi Sawant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vivekanand Education Society's College of Pharmacy, Hashu Advani Memorial Complex, Behind Collector's Colony, Chembur (E), Mumbai 400074, Affiliated to University of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Zheng Q, Zhang M, Zhou F, Zhang L, Meng X. The Breast Cancer Stem Cells Traits and Drug Resistance. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:599965. [PMID: 33584277 PMCID: PMC7876385 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.599965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major challenge in breast cancer (BC) treatment at present. Accumulating studies indicate that breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are responsible for the BC drugs resistance, causing relapse and metastasis in BC patients. Thus, BCSCs elimination could reverse drug resistance and improve drug efficacy to benefit BC patients. Consequently, mastering the knowledge on the proliferation, resistance mechanisms, and separation of BCSCs in BC therapy is extremely helpful for BCSCs-targeted therapeutic strategies. Herein, we summarize the principal BCSCs surface markers and signaling pathways, and list the BCSCs-related drug resistance mechanisms in chemotherapy (CT), endocrine therapy (ET), and targeted therapy (TT), and display therapeutic strategies for targeting BCSCs to reverse drug resistance in BC. Even more importantly, more attention should be paid to studies on BCSC-targeted strategies to overcome the drug resistant dilemma of clinical therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Long Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuli Meng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Ashar YV, Zhou J, Gupta P, Teng QX, Lei ZN, Reznik SE, Lusvarghi S, Wurpel J, Ambudkar SV, Chen ZS. BMS-599626, a Highly Selective Pan-HER Kinase Inhibitor, Antagonizes ABCG2-Mediated Drug Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092502. [PMID: 32899268 PMCID: PMC7565406 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary ABC transporters comprise a large group of ATP binding plasma membrane proteins, classified into subfamilies A-G, that transport substrates out of cells to maintain homeostasis. Prolonged exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs leads to increased expression of ABC transporters in cancer cells, resulting in increased efflux and decreased efficacy of anti-neoplastic agents. We found that BMS-599626, at 300 nM, inhibited the function of ABCG2, thereby increasing the efficacy of substrate chemotherapeutic drugs in wild-type as well as mutant ABCG2 overexpressing cells. In addition, BMS-599626 did not alter the expression or intracellular localization of ABCG2 but produced its reversal effect by decreasing efflux and increasing the intracellular accumulation of substrate chemotherapeutic drugs. Finally, BMS-5999626 also inhibited ABCG2 mediated ATP hydrolysis. Overall, our results show that administration of BMS-599626 along with chemotherapeutic drugs can improve the efficacy of chemotherapy in ABC transporter overexpressing cancer cells. Abstract Multidrug resistance (MDR) associated with the overexpression of ABC transporters is one of the key causes of chemotherapy failure. Various compounds blocking the function and/or downregulating the expression of these transporters have been developed over the last few decades. However, their potency and toxicity have always been a concern. In this report, we found that BMS-599626 is a highly potent inhibitor of the ABCG2 transporter, inhibiting its efflux function at 300 nM. Our study repositioned BMS-599626, a highly selective pan-HER kinase inhibitor, as a chemosensitizer in ABCG2-overexpressing cell lines. As shown by the cytotoxicity assay results, BMS-599626, at noncytotoxic concentrations, sensitizes ABCG2-overexpressing cells to topotecan and mitoxantrone, two well-known substrates of ABCG2. The results of our radioactive drug accumulation experiment show that the ABCG2-overexpressing cells, treated with BMS-599626, had an increase in the accumulation of substrate chemotherapeutic drugs, as compared to their parental subline cells. Moreover, BMS-599626 did not change the protein expression or cell surface localization of ABCG2 and inhibited its ATPase activity. Our in-silico docking study also supports the interaction of BMS-599626 with the substrate-binding site of ABCG2. Taken together, these results suggest that administration of chemotherapeutic drugs, along with nanomolar concentrations (300 nM) of BMS-599626, may be effective against ABCG2-mediated MDR in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunali V. Ashar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (Y.V.A.); (P.G.); (Q.-X.T.); (Z.-N.L.); (S.E.R.); (J.W.)
| | - Jingchun Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China;
| | - Pranav Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (Y.V.A.); (P.G.); (Q.-X.T.); (Z.-N.L.); (S.E.R.); (J.W.)
| | - Qiu-Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (Y.V.A.); (P.G.); (Q.-X.T.); (Z.-N.L.); (S.E.R.); (J.W.)
| | - Zi-Ning Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (Y.V.A.); (P.G.); (Q.-X.T.); (Z.-N.L.); (S.E.R.); (J.W.)
| | - Sandra E. Reznik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (Y.V.A.); (P.G.); (Q.-X.T.); (Z.-N.L.); (S.E.R.); (J.W.)
- Departments of Pathology and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women’s Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.L.); (S.V.A.)
| | - John Wurpel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (Y.V.A.); (P.G.); (Q.-X.T.); (Z.-N.L.); (S.E.R.); (J.W.)
| | - Suresh V. Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.L.); (S.V.A.)
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (Y.V.A.); (P.G.); (Q.-X.T.); (Z.-N.L.); (S.E.R.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-718-990-1432; Fax: +1-718-990-1877
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20
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Chilczuk T, Schäberle TF, Vahdati S, Mettal U, El Omari M, Enke H, Wiese M, König GM, Niedermeyer THJ. Halogenation-Guided Chemical Screening Provides Insight into Tjipanazole Biosynthesis by the Cyanobacterium Fischerella ambigua. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2170-2177. [PMID: 32182403 PMCID: PMC7497240 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Halogenated natural products (HNPs) show a wide range of interesting biological activities. Chemistry-guided screening with a software tool dedicated to identifying halogenated compounds in HPLC-MS data indicated the presence of several uncharacterised HNPs in an extract of the cyanobacterium Fischerella ambigua (Näg.) Gomont 108b. Three new natural products, tjipanazoles K, L, and M, were isolated from this strain together with the known tjipanazoles D and I. Taking into account the structures of all tjipanazole derivatives detected in this strain, reanalysis of the tjipanazole biosynthetic gene cluster allowed us to propose a biosynthetic pathway for the tjipanazoles. As the isolated tjipanazoles show structural similarity to arcyriaflavin A, an inhibitor of the clinically relevant multidrug-transporter ABCG2 overexpressed by different cancer cell lines, the isolated compounds were tested for ABCG2 inhibitory activity. Only tjipanazole K showed appreciable transporter inhibition, whereas the compounds lacking the pyrrolo[3,4-c] ring or featuring additional chloro substituents were found to be much less active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Chilczuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Till F Schäberle
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Gießen, Germany
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Winchesterstrasse 2, 35394, Gießen, Germany
| | - Sahel Vahdati
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Mettal
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Gießen, Germany
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Winchesterstrasse 2, 35394, Gießen, Germany
| | - Mustafa El Omari
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heike Enke
- Cyano Biotech GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Wiese
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Timo H J Niedermeyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Kansara S, Pandey V, Lobie PE, Sethi G, Garg M, Pandey AK. Mechanistic Involvement of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Oncotherapeutics Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061511. [PMID: 32575858 PMCID: PMC7349003 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most lethal forms of breast cancer (BC), with a significant disease burden worldwide. Chemoresistance and lack of targeted therapeutics are major hindrances to effective treatments in the clinic and are crucial causes of a worse prognosis and high rate of relapse/recurrence in patients diagnosed with TNBC. In the last decade, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to perform a pivotal role in most cellular functions. The aberrant functional expression of lncRNAs plays an ever-increasing role in the progression of diverse malignancies, including TNBC. Therefore, lncRNAs have been recently studied as predictors and modifiers of chemoresistance. Our review discusses the potential involvement of lncRNAs in drug-resistant mechanisms commonly found in TNBC and highlights various therapeutic strategies to target lncRNAs in this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarth Kansara
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Haryana 122413, India;
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518005, China; (V.P.); (P.E.L.)
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peter E. Lobie
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518005, China; (V.P.); (P.E.L.)
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (A.K.P.)
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India;
| | - Amit Kumar Pandey
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Haryana 122413, India;
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (A.K.P.)
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Ghosh K, Bhardwaj B, Amin SA, Jha T, Gayen S. Identification of structural fingerprints for ABCG2 inhibition by using Monte Carlo optimization, Bayesian classification, and structural and physicochemical interpretation (SPCI) analysis. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 31:439-455. [PMID: 32539470 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2020.1771769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The human breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), one of the members of the large ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily, is crucial for resistance against chemotherapeutic agents. Currently, it has been emerged as one of the best biological targets for the designing of small molecule drugs capable of eliminating multidrug resistance in breast cancer. In order to gain insights into the relationship between the molecular structure of compounds and the ABCG2 inhibition, a multi-QSAR approach using different methods was performed on a dataset of 294 ABCG2 inhibitors with diverse scaffolds. The best models obtained by different chemometric methods have the following statistical characteristics: Monte Carlo Optimization-based QSAR (sensitivity = 0.905, specificity = 0.6255, accuracy = 0.756, and MCC = 0.545), Bayesian classification model (sensitivity = 0.735, specificity = 0.775, and concordance = 0.757); structural and physicochemical interpretation analysis-random forest method (balance accuracy = 0.750, sensitivity = 0.810, and specificity = 0.700). Additionally, structural fingerprints modulating the ABCG2 inhibitory properties were identified from the best models of each method and also validated with each other. The current modelling study is an attempt to get a deep insight into the different important structural fingerprints modulating ABCG2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ghosh
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour University , Sagar, India
| | - B Bhardwaj
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour University , Sagar, India
| | - S A Amin
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University , Kolkata, India
| | - T Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University , Kolkata, India
| | - S Gayen
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour University , Sagar, India
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Abstract
Introduction: FOXM1 is one of the most frequently overexpressed proteins in human solid cancers. Here, we discuss novel direct targets of FOXM1 as well as new pathways involving FOXM1, through which this protein exerts its oncogenic activity.Areas covered: We give a detailed review of FOXM1 transcriptional targets involved in 16 different types of human cancer as published in the literature in the last 5 years. We also discuss a novel positive feedback loop between FOXM1 and AKT - both well-established master regulators of cancer.Expert opinion: Despite the discovery of several FOXM1 inhibitors over the years (by our team and others), their therapeutic use is limited by their adverse off-target effects.Newly-discovered proteins regulated by FOXM1 present a promising alternative approach to target its pro-cancer activity. In addition, targeting regulating proteins that take part in the positive feedback loop between FOXM1/AKT has the double advantage of suppressing both, and can lead to developing novel anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Borhani
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrei L Gartel
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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24
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Antoni F, Bause M, Scholler M, Bauer S, Stark SA, Jackson SM, Manolaridis I, Locher KP, König B, Buschauer A, Bernhardt G. Tariquidar-related triazoles as potent, selective and stable inhibitors of ABCG2 (BCRP). Eur J Med Chem 2020; 191:112133. [PMID: 32105979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tariquidar derivatives have been described as potent and selective ABCG2 inhibitors. However, their susceptibility to hydrolysis limits their applicability. The current study comprises the synthesis and characterization of novel tariquidar-related inhibitors, obtained by bioisosteric replacement of the labile moieties in our previous tariquidar analog UR-ME22-1 (9). CuAAC ("click" reaction) gave convenient access to a triazole core as a substitute for the labile amide group and the labile ester moiety was replaced by different acyl groups in a Sugasawa reaction. A stability assay proved the enhancement of the stability in blood plasma. Compounds UR-MB108 (57) and UR-MB136 (59) inhibited ABCG2 in a Hoechst 33342 transport assay with an IC50 value of about 80 nM and belong to the most potent ABCG2 inhibitors described so far. Compound 57 was highly selective, whereas its PEGylated analog 59 showed some potency at ABCB1. Both 57 and 59 produced an ABCG2 ATPase-depressing effect which is in agreement with our precedent cryo-EM study identifying 59 as an ATPase inhibitor that exerts its effect via locking the inward-facing conformation. Thermostabilization of ABCG2 by 57 and 59 can be taken as a hint to comparable binding to ABCG2. As reference substances, compounds 57 and 59 allow additional mechanistic studies on ABCG2 inhibition. Due to their stability in blood plasma, they are also applicable in vivo. The highly specific inhibitor 57 is suited for PET labeling, helping to further elucidate the (patho)physiological role of ABCG2, e.g. at the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Antoni
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Manuel Bause
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Scholler
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bauer
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simone A Stark
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Scott M Jackson
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Manolaridis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kaspar P Locher
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93040, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Armin Buschauer
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Günther Bernhardt
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040, Regensburg, Germany
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25
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Liang YL, Wu CH, Kang CY, Lin CN, Shih NY, Lin SH, Chen YC, Hsu KF. Downregulated Salt-inducible Kinase 3 Expression Promotes Chemoresistance in Serous Ovarian Cancer via the ATP-binding Cassette Protein ABCG2. J Cancer 2019; 10:6025-6036. [PMID: 31762812 PMCID: PMC6856590 DOI: 10.7150/jca.34886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has a high tumor-associated mortality rate among gynecological cancers. Although CA125 is a well-studied biomarker for ovarian cancer, it is also elevated under numerous conditions, resulting in decreased specificity. Recently, we identified a novel tumor-associated antigen, salt-inducible kinase 3 (SIK3), during tumorigenesis in ovarian cancer. However, the association between SIK3 expression and patient outcomes in ovarian cancer remains unclear. Materials and Methods: We collected EOC samples from 204 patients and examined tumor SIK3 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and CA125 expression in tumors and serum. The expression levels of SIK3 and CA125 were correlated with patient survival. SIK3 expression was silenced with SIK3-specific shRNAs to investigate the possible mechanisms related to chemoresistance in serous-type ovarian cancer cell lines OVCAR4 and SKOV3. Results: In advanced-stage serous ovarian cancer, patients with low SIK3 expression have poorer overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) than patients with high SIK3 expression. Ovarian cancer cells with SIK3 knockdown display increased chemoresistance to Taxol plus cisplatin treatment, which is associated with the upregulation of the ABCG2 transporter. In addition, in serous ovarian cancer, SIK3 expression is inversely correlated to ABCG2 expression, and patients with low SIK3 and high ABCG2 expression have worse prognosis than patients with high SIK3 and low ABCG2 expression. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that serous EOC patients with low SIK3 expression have poor prognosis, which is associated with chemoresistance mediated by ABCG2 upregulation. SIK3 and ABCG2 expression levels may be potential prognostic markers to predict the outcome in serous EOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Han Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Dental Technology, Shu Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management
| | - Chieh-Yi Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yongkang, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Ni Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Neng-Yao Shih
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes
| | - Sheng-Hsiang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Chang Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes
| | - Keng-Fu Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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26
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Zeng G, Shi L, Li H, Wang L, Zhu M, Luo J, Zhang Z. Effect of cyclosporine a and polymorphisms in CYP2C19 and ABCC2 on the concentration of voriconazole in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Xenobiotica 2019; 50:614-619. [PMID: 31573401 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2019.1672907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangting Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huilan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhu
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Mental Health Centre, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zanling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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27
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Amawi H, Sim HM, Tiwari AK, Ambudkar SV, Shukla S. ABC Transporter-Mediated Multidrug-Resistant Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1141:549-580. [PMID: 31571174 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7647-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are involved in active pumping of many diverse substrates through the cellular membrane. The transport mediated by these proteins modulates the pharmacokinetics of many drugs and xenobiotics. These transporters are involved in the pathogenesis of several human diseases. The overexpression of certain transporters by cancer cells has been identified as a key factor in the development of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. In this chapter, the localization of ABC transporters in the human body, their physiological roles, and their roles in the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) are reviewed. Specifically, P-glycoprotein (P-GP), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) are described in more detail. The potential of ABC transporters as therapeutic targets to overcome MDR and strategies for this purpose are discussed as well as various explanations for the lack of efficacy of ABC drug transporter inhibitors to increase the efficiency of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Amawi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hong-May Sim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Suneet Shukla
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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28
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Wang J, Xue X, Liu Q, Zhang S, Peng M, Zhou J, Chen L, Fang F. Effects of duration of thermal stress on growth performance, serum oxidative stress indices, the expression and localization of ABCG2 and mitochondria ROS production of skeletal muscle, small intestine and immune organs in broilers. J Therm Biol 2019; 85:102420. [PMID: 31657761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to investigate that effect of duration of thermal stress on growth performance, oxidative stress indices in serum, the expression and localization of ABCG2, and mitochondria ROS production in skeletal muscle, small intestine and immune organs, and then to further reveal correlations between indicators. At 28 days of age, sixty broilers were randomly divided into the control group (25 ± 2 °C; 24 h/day) and the heat stress group (36 ± 2 °C; 8 h/day lasted for 1 week or 2 weeks). Fifteen broilers per group were respectively euthanized, and some samples were respectively collected from the control and the heat stress groups at the end of the 1st week or the 2nd week of heat stress. A typical heat stress response has been observed at this temperature. Compared with the control group, the birds subjected to heat stress at the end of the 1st week reduced (P < 0.05) body weight (BW), average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), the activity of serum antioxidant enzyme and content of glutathione (GSH), while increased (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR), serum corticosterone and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. However, when the heat stress lasted for the end of the 2nd week, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in ADFI, ADG, FCR and serum contents of corticosterone, MDA and GSH. Regardless of duration of thermal stress, the localization of ABCG2 protein had no change. Moreover, heat stress also did not affect (P > 0.05) the IOD of the ABCG2 positive portion and the expression of the ABCG2 mRNA in the pectorales, crureus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and spleen, while significantly increased (P < 0.05) the corresponding tissues ROS production at the end of the 1st week of heat stress. In contrast, at the end of the 2nd week of heat stress, IOD of the ABCG2 positive portion and the expression of the ABCG2 mRNA in heat stress group significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the corresponding tissues ROS production had no difference (P > 0.05) compared to the control group. Collectively, duration of thermal stress affects growth performance, serum oxidative stress indices, and the expression of ABCG2 and the ROS production of broiler tissues in a time-dependent manner. There is a negative correlation between the expression of ABCG2 and the ROS production in the corresponding tissues under heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhua Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control in Anhui Provincial, Hefei, China
| | - Xiuheng Xue
- College of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Suzi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengling Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control in Anhui Provincial, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control in Anhui Provincial, Hefei, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Fugui Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding in Anhui Provincial, Hefei, China
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29
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Bhardwaj B, Baidya ATK, Amin SA, Adhikari N, Jha T, Gayen S. Insight into structural features of phenyltetrazole derivatives as ABCG2 inhibitors for the treatment of multidrug resistance in cancer. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 30:457-475. [PMID: 31157558 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2019.1615545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ABCG2 is the principal ABC transporter involved in the multidrug resistance of breast cancer. Looking at the current demand in the development of ABCG2 inhibitors for the treatment of multidrug-resistant cancer, we have explored structural requirements of phenyltetrazole derivatives for ABCG2 inhibition by combining classical QSAR, Bayesian classification modelling and molecular docking studies. For classical QSAR, structural descriptors were calculated from the free software tool PaDEL-descriptor. Stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) was used for model generation. A statistically significant model was generated and validated with different parameters (For training set: r = 0.825; Q2 = 0.570 and for test set: r = 0.894, r2pred = 0.783). The predicted model was found to satisfy the Golbraikh and Trospha criteria for model acceptability. Bayesian classification modelling was also performed (ROC scores were 0.722 and 0.767 for the training and test sets, respectively). Finally, the binding interactions of phenyltetrazole type inhibitor with the ABCG2 receptor were mapped with the help of molecular docking study. The result of the docking analysis is aligned with the classical QSAR and Bayesian classification studies. The combined modelling study will guide the medicinal chemists to act faster in the drug discovery of ABCG2 inhibitors for the management of resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bhardwaj
- a Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Dr. Harisingh Gour University , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - A T K Baidya
- a Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Dr. Harisingh Gour University , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - S A Amin
- b Natural Science Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Jadavpur University , Kolkata , India
| | - N Adhikari
- b Natural Science Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Jadavpur University , Kolkata , India
| | - T Jha
- b Natural Science Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Jadavpur University , Kolkata , India
| | - S Gayen
- a Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Dr. Harisingh Gour University , Madhya Pradesh , India
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30
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Development of precision medicine approaches based on inter-individual variability of BCRP/ ABCG2. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:659-674. [PMID: 31384528 PMCID: PMC6664102 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine is a rapidly-developing modality of medicine in human healthcare. Based on each patient׳s unique characteristics, more accurate dosages and drug selection can be made to achieve better therapeutic efficacy and less adverse reactions in precision medicine. A patient׳s individual parameters that affect drug transporter action can be used to develop a precision medicine guidance, due to the fact that therapeutic efficacy and adverse reactions of drugs can both be affected by expression and function of drug transporters on the cell membrane surface. The purpose of this review is to summarize unique characteristics of human breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP) and the genetic variability in the BCRP encoded gene ABCG2 in the development of precision medicine. Inter-individual variability of BCRP/ABCG2 can impact choices and outcomes of drug treatment for several diseases, including cancer chemotherapy. Several factors have been implicated in expression and function of BCRP, including genetic, epigenetic, physiologic, pathologic, and environmental factors. Understanding the roles of these factors in controlling expression and function of BCRP is critical for the development of precision medicine based on BCRP-mediated drug transport.
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Key Words
- 3′-UTR, 3′-untranslated region
- 5-aza-C, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine
- ABCG2, ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2
- ALL, acute lymphocytic leukemia
- AML, acute myeloid leukemia
- AUC, area under curve
- BCRP
- BCRP, breast cancer resistant protein
- Epigenetics
- FTC, fumitremorgin C
- Gene polymorphisms
- H3K4me3, histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation
- H3K9me3, histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation
- H3S10P, histone H3 serine 10 phosphorylation
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- HIF-1α, hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha
- HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus type-1
- HMG-CoA, β-hydroxy-β-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A
- MDR, multidrug resistance
- MDR1, multidrug resistance 1
- NBD, nucleotide binding domain
- P-gp, P-glycoprotein
- Physiologic factors
- Precision medicine
- RISC, RNA-induced silencing complex
- SNP, Single nucleotide polymorphism
- TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor
- Tat, transactivator protein
- miRNA, microRNA
- siRNA, small RNA interference
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Ceballos MP, Rigalli JP, Ceré LI, Semeniuk M, Catania VA, Ruiz ML. ABC Transporters: Regulation and Association with Multidrug Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Colorectal Carcinoma. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1224-1250. [PMID: 29303075 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180105103637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For most cancers, the treatment of choice is still chemotherapy despite its severe adverse effects, systemic toxicity and limited efficacy due to the development of multidrug resistance (MDR). MDR leads to chemotherapy failure generally associated with a decrease in drug concentration inside cancer cells, frequently due to the overexpression of ABC transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp/MDR1/ABCB1), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs/ABCCs), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2), which limits the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. The aim of this review is to compile information about transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of ABC transporters and discuss their role in mediating MDR in cancer cells. This review also focuses on drug resistance by ABC efflux transporters in cancer cells, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells. Some aspects of the chemotherapy failure and future directions to overcome this problem are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paula Ceballos
- Institute of Experimental Physiology, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Rosario National University, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Rigalli
- Institute of Experimental Physiology, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Rosario National University, Rosario, Argentina.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lucila Inés Ceré
- Institute of Experimental Physiology, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Rosario National University, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mariana Semeniuk
- Institute of Experimental Physiology, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Rosario National University, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Viviana Alicia Catania
- Institute of Experimental Physiology, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Rosario National University, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Laura Ruiz
- Institute of Experimental Physiology, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Rosario National University, Rosario, Argentina
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32
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Virkel G, Ballent M, Lanusse C, Lifschitz A. Role of ABC Transporters in Veterinary Medicine: Pharmaco- Toxicological Implications. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1251-1269. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180201094730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Unlike physicians, veterinary practitioners must deal with a number of animal species with crucial differences in anatomy, physiology and metabolism. Accordingly, the pharmacokinetic behaviour, the clinical efficacy and the adverse or toxic effects of drugs may differ across domestic animals. Moreover, the use of drugs in food-producing species may impose a risk for humans due to the generation of chemical residues in edible products, a major concern for public health and consumer's safety. As is clearly known in human beings, the ATP binding cassette (ABC) of transport proteins may influence the bioavailability and elimination of numerous drugs and other xenobiotics in domestic animals as well. A number of drugs, currently available in the veterinary market, are substrates of one or more transporters. Therefore, significant drug-drug interactions among ABC substrates may have unpredictable pharmacotoxicological consequences in different species of veterinary interest. In this context, different investigations revealed the major relevance of P-gp and other transport proteins, like breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs), in both companion and livestock animals. Undoubtedly, the discovery of the ABC transporters and the deep understanding of their physiological role in the different species introduced a new paradigm into the veterinary pharmacology. This review focuses on the expression and function of the major transport proteins expressed in species of veterinary interest, and their impact on drug disposition, efficacy and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Virkel
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICETCICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FCV-UNCPBA), Campus Universitario (Los Ombues y Reforma Universitaria), (7000) Tandil, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Ballent
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICETCICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FCV-UNCPBA), Campus Universitario (Los Ombues y Reforma Universitaria), (7000) Tandil, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICETCICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FCV-UNCPBA), Campus Universitario (Los Ombues y Reforma Universitaria), (7000) Tandil, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICETCICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FCV-UNCPBA), Campus Universitario (Los Ombues y Reforma Universitaria), (7000) Tandil, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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33
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Chung WM, Ho YP, Chang WC, Dai YC, Chen L, Hung YC, Ma WL. Increase Paclitaxel Sensitivity to Better Suppress Serous Epithelial Ovarian Cancer via Ablating Androgen Receptor/Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-ABCG2 Axis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040463. [PMID: 30986993 PMCID: PMC6521308 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies and presents chemoresistance after chemotherapy treatment. Androgen receptor (AR) has been known to participate in proliferation. Yet the mechanisms of the resistance of this drug and its linkage to the AR remains unclear. Methods: To elucidate AR-related paclitaxel sensitivity, co-IP, luciferase reporter assay and ChIP assay were performed to identify that AR direct-regulated ABCG2 expression under paclitaxel treatment. IHC staining by AR antibody presented higher AR expression in serous-type patients than other types. AR degradation enhancer (ASC-J9) was used to examine paclitaxel-associated and paclitaxel-resistant cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Results: We found AR/aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediates ABCG2 expression and leads to a change in paclitaxel cytotoxicity/sensitivity in EOC serous subtype cell lines. Molecular mechanism study showed that paclitaxel activated AR transactivity and bound to alternative ARE in the ABCG2 proximal promoter region. To identify AR as a potential therapeutic target, the ASC-J9 was used to re-sensitize paclitaxel-resistant EOC tumors upon paclitaxel treatment in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that activation of AR transactivity beyond the androgen-associated biological effect. This novel AR mechanism explains that degradation of AR is the most effective therapeutic strategy for treating AR-positive EOC serous subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Min Chung
- Graduate Institution of Clinical Medical Science, and Graduate Institute of BioMedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40403, Taiwan.
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40403, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Ping Ho
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40403, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chun Chang
- Graduate Institution of Clinical Medical Science, and Graduate Institute of BioMedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40403, Taiwan.
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40403, Taiwan.
| | - Yuan-Chang Dai
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi City 60002, Taiwan.
| | - Lumin Chen
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40403, Taiwan.
- Department of OBs & GYN, BenQ Medical Center, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yao-Ching Hung
- Graduate Institution of Clinical Medical Science, and Graduate Institute of BioMedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40403, Taiwan.
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40403, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Lung Ma
- Graduate Institution of Clinical Medical Science, and Graduate Institute of BioMedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40403, Taiwan.
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40403, Taiwan.
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
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Arnst KE, Banerjee S, Chen H, Deng S, Hwang DJ, Li W, Miller DD. Current advances of tubulin inhibitors as dual acting small molecules for cancer therapy. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:1398-1426. [PMID: 30746734 DOI: 10.1002/med.21568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule (MT)-targeting agents are highly successful drugs as chemotherapeutic agents, and this is attributed to their ability to target MT dynamics and interfere with critical cellular functions, including, mitosis, cell signaling, intracellular trafficking, and angiogenesis. Because MT dynamics vary in the different stages of the cell cycle, these drugs tend to be the most effective against mitotic cells. While this class of drug has proven to be effective against many cancer types, significant hurdles still exist and include overcoming aspects such as dose limited toxicities and the development of resistance. Newer generations of developed drugs attack these problems and alternative approaches such as the development of dual tubulin and kinase inhibitors are being investigated. This approach offers the potential to show increased efficacy and lower toxicities. This review covers different categories of MT-targeting agents, recent advances in dual inhibitors, and current challenges for this drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinsie E Arnst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Souvik Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Shanshan Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Dong-Jin Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Duane D Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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Zhang H, Jiang H, Zhang H, Liu J, Hu X, Chen L. Ribophorin II potentiates P-glycoprotein- and ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance via activating ERK pathway in gastric cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:574-582. [PMID: 30710584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a critical reason of cancer chemotherapy failure. Ribophorin II (RPN2) has emerged as a vital regulator of MDR in multiple cancers including gastric cancer (GC). However, the roles and molecular mechanisms of RPN2 in MDR have not been well featured till now. The present study aimed to explore the roles and molecular mechanisms of RPN2 in MDR of drug-resistant GC cells. Results showed that the expressions of RPN2, multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1), and ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) were upregulated in SGC7901/DDP and SGC7901/VCR cells. Knockdown of RPN2 alleviated MDR through downregulating MDR1 and ABCG2 expressions in SGC7901/DDP and SGC7901/VCR cells. RPN2 depletion inhibited the activation of MEK/ERK pathway. RPN2 overexpression enhanced MDR by upregulating P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and ABCG2 protein expressions in SGC7901/DDP or SGC7901/VCR cells, while this effect of RPN2 was abrogated by ERK knockdown or treatment with ERK inhibitor PD98059. Our findings suggested that RPN2 potentiated P-gp- and ABCG2-mediated MDR via activating MEK/ERK pathway in GC, hinting the critical values of RPN2 in ameliorating MDR and providing a promising target for GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, PR China.
| | - Huijuan Jiang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, PR China
| | - Huixiang Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, PR China
| | - Juncai Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, PR China
| | - Xigang Hu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, PR China
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Tsunekawa R, Katayama K, Hanaya K, Higashibayashi S, Sugimoto Y, Sugai T. Synthesis of 5-Hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone and Related Compounds and Elucidation of Their Reversal Effects on BCRP/ABCG2-Mediated Anticancer Drug Resistance. Chembiochem 2019; 20:210-220. [PMID: 30187992 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
3',4',7-Trimethoxyflavone (TMF) has been reported to show a potent reversal effect on drug resistance mediated by breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)/ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2). In this study, we designed and synthesized five derivatives with either a hydroxy group or a fluorine atom at C-5 and several kinds of capping moiety at the C-7 hydroxy group, on the same 3',4'-dimethoxy-substituted flavone skeleton. We subsequently evaluated the efficacies of these compounds against BCRP-expressing human leukaemia K562/BCRP cells. Reversal of drug resistance was expressed as the concentration of compound causing a twofold reduction in drug sensitivity (RI50 ). Of the synthesized compounds, the reversal effect of 5-hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone (HTMF, RI50 7.2 nm) towards 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) was stronger than that of TMF (RI50 18 nm). Fluoro-substituted 5-fluoro-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone (FTMF, RI50 25 nm) and monoglycosylated 7-(β-glucosyloxy)-5-hydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyflavone (GOHDMF, 91 nm) also exhibited reversal effects, whereas the di- and triglycoside derivatives did not. TMF, HTMF and FTMF at 0.01-10 μm upregulated the K562/BCRP cellular accumulation of Hoechst 33342 nuclear staining dye. In addition, western blotting revealed that treatment of K562/BCRP cells with 0.1 μm TMF, HTMF or FTMT suppressed the expression of BCRP. HTMF showed the strongest inhibition of BCRP-mediated efflux and suppression of BCRP expression of the three effective synthesized flavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Tsunekawa
- Division of Organic and Biocatalytic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Katayama
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kengo Hanaya
- Division of Organic and Biocatalytic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Shuhei Higashibayashi
- Division of Organic and Biocatalytic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Sugimoto
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugai
- Division of Organic and Biocatalytic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
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Yaguchi T, Onishi T. Estrogen induces cell proliferation by promoting ABCG2-mediated efflux in endometrial cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 16:74-78. [PMID: 30377671 PMCID: PMC6202658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, it has reported that overeating of lipid-food has led to increase the amount of estrogen in vivo and the incidence of endometrial carcinomas. It is well-known that ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family G2 (ABCG2) is highly expressed in cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs possess the ability for differentiation, tumorigenesis, stem cell self-renewal, and the efflux of anti-cancer drug and these abilities affect malignancy of cancer cells. However, little is known about the relationship between the expression of ABCG2 and malignancy of cancer cells. The present study aimed at understanding the regulatory mechanism underlying 17-β-estradiol (E2)-induced cell proliferation under the control of ABCG2. E2 increased cell viability with a peak at 1 μM and facilitated ABCG2 mRNA expression followed by the increase of ABCG2 expression level at plasma membrane. E2-induced cell proliferation was inhibited by reserpine, an inhibitor of ABCG2, and the ABCG2 siRNA treatment. Thus, these results imply that ABCG2 plays an important role in the promotion of E2-induced cell proliferation in Ishikawa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yaguchi
- Department of Chemical Technology, Graduate School of Science and Industrial Technology, Kurashiki University of Science and the Arts, 2640 Nishinoura Tsurajima-cho, Kurashiki 712-8505, Japan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 137-1 Enokizu, Okawa, Fukuoka, 831-8501, Japan
| | - Takafumi Onishi
- Department of Chemical Technology, Graduate School of Science and Industrial Technology, Kurashiki University of Science and the Arts, 2640 Nishinoura Tsurajima-cho, Kurashiki 712-8505, Japan
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Guo X, To KKW, Chen Z, Wang X, Zhang J, Luo M, Wang F, Yan S, Fu L. Dacomitinib potentiates the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic agents via inhibiting the drug efflux function of ABCG2 in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:31. [PMID: 29458405 PMCID: PMC5819299 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0690-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), a member of the ABC transporter superfamily proteins, mediates multidrug resistance (MDR) by transporting substrate anticancer drugs out of cancer cells and decreasing their intracellular accumulation. MDR is a major hurdle to successful chemotherapy. A logical approach to overcome MDR is to inhibit the transporter. However, no safe and effective MDR inhibitor has been approved in the clinic. METHODS The MTT assay was used to evaluate cell cytotoxicity and MDR reversal effect. Drug efflux and intracellular drug accumulation were measured by flow cytometry. The H460/MX20 cell xenograft model was established to evaluate the enhancement of anticancer efficacy of topotecan by dacomitinib in vivo. To ascertain the interaction of dacomitinib with the substrate binding sites of ABCG2, the competition of dacomitinib for photolabeling of ABCG2 with [125I]- iodoarylazidoprazosin (IAAP) was performed. Vanadate-sensitive ATPase activity of ABCG2 was measured in the presence of a range of different concentrations of dacomitinib to evaluate the effect of dacomitinib on ATP hydrolysis as the energy source of the transporter. A flow cytometry-based assay and western blotting were employed to study whether dacomitininb could inhibit the expression level of ABCG2. The mRNA expression levels of ABCG2 were analyzed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. The protein expression level of AKT, ERK and their phosphorylations were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Here, we found that dacomitinib, an irreversible pan-ErbB tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in phase III clinical trial, could enhance the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic agents specifically in ABCG2-overexpressing MDR cancer cells but not in the parental sensitive cells. Dacomitinib was found to significantly increase the accumulation of ABCG2 probe substrates [doxorubicin (DOX),Rhodamine 123 (Rho 123) and Hoechst 33342] by inhibiting the transporter efflux function. Moreover, dacomitinib stimulated ABCG2 ATPase activity and competed with [125I]-IAAP photolabeling of ABCG2 in a concentration-dependent manner. However, dacomitinib did not alter ABCG2 expression at protein and mRNA levels or inhibit ErbB downstream signaling of AKT and ERK. Importantly, dacomitinib significantly enhanced the efficacy of topotecan in ABCG2-overexpressing H460/MX20 cell xenografts in nude mice without incurring additional toxicity. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that dacomitinib reverses ABCG2-mediated MDR by inhibiting ABCG2 efflux function and increasing intracellular accumulation of anticancer agents. Our findings advocate further clinical investigation of combinations of dacomitinib and conventional chemotherapy in cancer patients with ABCG2-overexpressing MDR tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Kenneth K W To
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Min Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shirong Yan
- Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China.
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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The dual-inhibitory effect of miR-338-5p on the multidrug resistance and cell growth of hepatocellular carcinoma. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2018. [PMID: 29527329 PMCID: PMC5837112 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-017-0003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic treatments against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are necessary for both inoperable patients to improve prospects for survival and surgery patients to improve the outcome after surgical resection. However, multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle to obtaining desirable results. Currently, increasing the chemotherapy sensitivity of tumor cells or discovering novel tumor inhibitors is an effective therapeutic strategy to solve this issue. In the present study, we uncovered the dual-inhibitory effect of miR-338-5p: on the one hand, it could downregulate ABCB1 expression and sensitize HCC cells to doxorubicin and vinblastine by directly targeting the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of ABCB1, while, on the other hand, it could suppress the proliferation of HCC cells by directly targeting the 3′-UTR of EGFR and reducing EGFR expression. Since EGFR regulates ABCB1 levels, the indirect action of miR-338-5p in ABCB1 modulation was revealed, in which miR-338-5p inhibits ABCB1 expression by targeting the EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. These data indicate that the miR-338-5p/EGFR/ABCB1 regulatory loop plays a critical role in HCC, and a negative correlation between miR-338-5p and EGFR or ABCB1 was also detected in HCC clinical samples. In conclusion, these findings reveal a critical role for miR-338-5p in the regulation of MDR and proliferation of HCC, suggesting the potential therapeutic implications of miR-338-5p in HCC treatment. A small RNA molecule inhibits the growth of liver cancer cells while also making the cells sensitive to the anti-cancer drugs. These twin effects of the natural microRNA miR-338-5p were discovered by researchers in China, led by Chunzhu Li and Jin Ren at the Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research in Shanghai. MicroRNAs control gene activity by interacting with the messenger RNA copies of genes that guide synthesis of the proteins the genes encode. The research identified a gene whose expression miR-338-5p inhibits to restrict the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma – the most common form of liver cancer. This is also one of the most drug-resistant forms of liver cancer. A different gene whose activity miR-338-5p controls to sensitize cells to chemotherapeutic drugs was also identified. Using miR-338-5p to treat liver cancer warrants further investigation.
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Brackman DJ, Giacomini KM. Reverse Translational Research of ABCG2 (BCRP) in Human Disease and Drug Response. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 103:233-242. [PMID: 29023674 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reverse translational research takes a bedside-to-bench approach, using sophisticated basic research to explain the biological mechanisms behind observed clinical data. For transporters, which play a role in human disease and drug response, this approach offers a distinct advantage over the typical translational research, which often falters due to inadequate in vitro and preclinical animal models. Research on ABCG2, which encodes the Breast Cancer Resistance Protein, has benefited immensely from a reverse translational approach due to its broad implications for disease susceptibility and both therapeutic and adverse drug response. In this review, we describe the success of reverse translational research for ABCG2 and opportunities for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna J Brackman
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kathleen M Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Fu ZY. Role of ATP-binding cassette transporters, apoptosis, and long non-coding RNAs in gastric cancer multidrug resistance. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:2838-2850. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i32.2838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer multidrug resistance refers to the cross resistance of cancer cells to a variety of anticancer drugs, which can be primary or secondary. Several mechanisms attribute to cancer multidrug resistance. In this paper, the recent progress in the understanding of the mechanisms of multi-drug resistance of gastric cancer cells with regard to the role of adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporters, apoptosis, and long non-coding RNAs is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Ying Fu
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, Shaanxi Province, China
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Begicevic RR, Falasca M. ABC Transporters in Cancer Stem Cells: Beyond Chemoresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2362. [PMID: 29117122 PMCID: PMC5713331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of chemotherapy is one of the main challenges in cancer treatment and one of the major obstacles to overcome in achieving lasting remission and a definitive cure in patients with cancer is the emergence of cancer resistance. Indeed, drug resistance is ultimately accountable for poor treatment outcomes and tumour relapse. There are various molecular mechanisms involved in multidrug resistance, such as the change in the activity of membrane transporters primarily belonging to the ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter family. In addition, it has been proposed that this common feature could be attributed to a subpopulation of slow-cycling cancer stem cells (CSCs), endowed with enhanced tumorigenic potential and multidrug resistance. CSCs are characterized by the overexpression of specific surface markers that vary in different cancer cell types. Overexpression of ABC transporters has been reported in several cancers and more predominantly in CSCs. While the major focus on the role played by ABC transporters in cancer is polarized by their involvement in chemoresistance, emerging evidence supports a more active role of these proteins, in which they release specific bioactive molecules in the extracellular milieu. This review will outline our current understanding of the role played by ABC transporters in CSCs, how their expression is regulated and how they support the malignant metabolic phenotype. To summarize, we suggest that the increased expression of ABC transporters in CSCs may have precise functional roles and provide the opportunity to target, particularly these cells, by using specific ABC transporter inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana-Rea Begicevic
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA 6102, Australia.
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Boichuk S, Galembikova A, Sitenkov A, Khusnutdinov R, Dunaev P, Valeeva E, Usolova N. Establishment and characterization of a triple negative basal-like breast cancer cell line with multi-drug resistance. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5039-5045. [PMID: 29085518 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast carcinoma (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive subtypes of breast cancer and is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. The management of TNBC is currently based on the use of classical cytotoxic drugs, i.e., anthracyclines and/or microtubule-binding agents (TBAs). However, conventional chemotherapy is not always effective in these tumors and a systemic relapse is often observed, potentially due to the development of multi-drug resistance (MDR). Therefore, an improved understanding of MDR mechanisms may improve the therapeutic strategies for TNBC. In the present study, a paclitaxel-resistant (TxR) breast cancer cell subline of HCC1806 TNBC cells was established and characterized. The resistance index of this subline was calculated according to the IC50 of HCC1806-TxR relative to the parental HCC1806 cells (16.86-fold). TxR-cells also exhibited cross-resistance to vinblastin, doxorubicin and etoposide (~14-, ~4- and ~3-fold, respectively). As assessed with reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, TxR-resistant cells exhibited the upregulated expression of a number of multidrug resistance-associated genes, including MDR-1, MRP-1, -5, -6 and YB-1. The TxR cells also exhibited an increased expression of MDR-related proteins including MDR1 and MRP-1, which led to a substantial increase (5.4-fold) of the paclitaxel efflux from TxR-cells. In addition, the pro-apoptotic protein Fas was downregulated, whereas the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 was upregulated, in TxR-cells. This may explain why a reduced extent of apoptosis was observed when TxR cells were exposed to TBAs and topoisomerase type II inhibitors, relative to the parental HCC1806 cells. Thus, the HCC1806-TxR cell line may serve as an appropriate model for the analysis of chemoresistance mechanisms in TNBCs, and for the investigation of novel anticancer agents for overcoming MDR-mediated mechanisms in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Boichuk
- Department of Pathology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan 420012, Russia
| | - Aigul Galembikova
- Department of Pathology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan 420012, Russia
| | - Alexandr Sitenkov
- Department of Pathology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan 420012, Russia
| | - Ramil Khusnutdinov
- Department of Pathology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan 420012, Russia
| | - Pavel Dunaev
- Department of Pathology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan 420012, Russia
| | - Elena Valeeva
- Department of Pathology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan 420012, Russia
| | - Natalia Usolova
- Department of Pathology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan 420012, Russia
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Zhang GN, Zhang YK, Wang YJ, Barbuti AM, Zhu XJ, Yu XY, Wen AW, Wurpel JND, Chen ZS. Modulating the function of ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) with inhibitor cabozantinib. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:89-98. [PMID: 28131876 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cabozantinib (XL184) is a small molecule tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor, which targets c-Met and VEGFR2. Cabozantinib has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat advanced medullary thyroid cancer and renal cell carcinoma. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of cabozantinib to modulate the function of the ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) by sensitizing cells that are resistant to ABCG2 substrate antineoplastic drugs. We used a drug-selected resistant cell line H460/MX20 and three ABCG2 stable transfected cell lines ABCG2-482-R2, ABCG2-482-G2, and ABCG2-482-T7, which overexpress ABCG2. Cabozantinib, at non-toxic concentrations (3 or 5μM), sensitized the ABCG2-overexpressing cells to mitoxantrone, SN-38, and topotecan. Our results indicate that cabozantinib reverses ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance by antagonizing the drug efflux function of the ABCG2 transporter instead of downregulating its expression. The molecular docking analysis indicates that cabozantinib binds to the drug-binding site of the ABCG2 transporter. Overall, our findings demonstrate that cabozantinib inhibits the ABCG2 transporter function and consequently enhances the effect of the antineoplastic agents that are substrates of ABCG2. Cabozantinib may be a useful agent in anticancer treatment regimens for patients who are resistant to ABCG2 substrate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences,St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Yun-Kai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences,St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Yi-Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences,St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Anna Maria Barbuti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences,St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Xi-Jun Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences,St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA; The Affiliated High School of South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Xin-Yue Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences,St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA; Zhixin High School, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Ai-Wen Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences,St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - John N D Wurpel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences,St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences,St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA.
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