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Liang YL, Wu CH, Kang CY, Lin CN, Shih NY, Lin SH, Chen YC, Hsu KF. Downregulated Salt-inducible Kinase 3 Expression Promotes Chemoresistance in Serous Ovarian Cancer via the ATP-binding Cassette Protein ABCG2. J Cancer 2019; 10:6025-6036. [PMID: 31762812 PMCID: PMC6856590 DOI: 10.7150/jca.34886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has a high tumor-associated mortality rate among gynecological cancers. Although CA125 is a well-studied biomarker for ovarian cancer, it is also elevated under numerous conditions, resulting in decreased specificity. Recently, we identified a novel tumor-associated antigen, salt-inducible kinase 3 (SIK3), during tumorigenesis in ovarian cancer. However, the association between SIK3 expression and patient outcomes in ovarian cancer remains unclear. Materials and Methods: We collected EOC samples from 204 patients and examined tumor SIK3 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and CA125 expression in tumors and serum. The expression levels of SIK3 and CA125 were correlated with patient survival. SIK3 expression was silenced with SIK3-specific shRNAs to investigate the possible mechanisms related to chemoresistance in serous-type ovarian cancer cell lines OVCAR4 and SKOV3. Results: In advanced-stage serous ovarian cancer, patients with low SIK3 expression have poorer overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) than patients with high SIK3 expression. Ovarian cancer cells with SIK3 knockdown display increased chemoresistance to Taxol plus cisplatin treatment, which is associated with the upregulation of the ABCG2 transporter. In addition, in serous ovarian cancer, SIK3 expression is inversely correlated to ABCG2 expression, and patients with low SIK3 and high ABCG2 expression have worse prognosis than patients with high SIK3 and low ABCG2 expression. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that serous EOC patients with low SIK3 expression have poor prognosis, which is associated with chemoresistance mediated by ABCG2 upregulation. SIK3 and ABCG2 expression levels may be potential prognostic markers to predict the outcome in serous EOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Han Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Dental Technology, Shu Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management
| | - Chieh-Yi Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yongkang, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Ni Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Neng-Yao Shih
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes
| | - Sheng-Hsiang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Chang Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes
| | - Keng-Fu Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Hsu KF, Liang YL, Wu CH, Shih NY. Abstract 5146: ATP-binding cassette transporter, ABCG2, activation is responsible for chemo-resistant, SIK3 low expressed ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-5146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has a high tumor-associated mortality rate among the gynecological cancers because of chemo-resistant development.
Materials and Method: The human EOC cell lines, SKOV3, OVRCA4, were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). For determine ATP-binding cassette transporters and SIK3 expression, Western blot and Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used. We used a lentiviral small-hairpin RNA (shRNA) system to knock down SIK3 in the ovarian cancer cell lines. Microarray data derived from SKOV3, OVRCA4 cells expressing sh-luc, sh-SIK3 (01), and sh-SIK3 (63) were analyzed by MetaCore and Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA). Top 10 up-and down-regulated genes and other metastasis-related genes and 5 most highly enriched networks were identified. For determining cell viability when cells treated with cisplatin and Taxol, WST-1 assay was used. Immunohistochemistry and quantification of ABCG2 and SIK3 were performed in EOC tissues. Statistical analysis of OS and PFS were performed using SPSS statistical software (Version 22.0; IBM Corp, Armonk, NY). Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences in survival were assessed using the log-rank test.
Results: Knockdown SIK3 expression upregulates ABCG2 expression, activity as well as resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. The ABCG2 and SIK3 expression levels in 204 EOC patient were mutually reversed. In all stages of the disease, high expression of SIK3 (SIK3-H) was associated with a significant better OS, PFS, compared with low expression of SIK3 (SIK3-L) (127.0 vs 46.0 months, 66.0 months vs 26.0 months respectively). Patients with SIK3-L and ABCG2-H carried the worst prognosis.
Conclusion: (1) High expression of SIK3 indicates a better prognosis in primary ovarian cancer and serous type disease, especially in advanced serous disease. (2) Ovarian cancer patients with SIK3-L and ABCG2-H expression carried the worst prognosis due to chemoresistance
Citation Format: Keng-Fu Hsu, Yu-Ling Liang, Chin-Han Wu, Neng-Yao Shih. ATP-binding cassette transporter, ABCG2, activation is responsible for chemo-resistant, SIK3 low expressed ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5146.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng-Fu Hsu
- 1National Cheng Kung Univ. Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Chin-Han Wu
- 1National Cheng Kung Univ. Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Neng-Yao Shih
- 2National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
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3
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Chang YF, Huang YQ, Wu KM, Jou AFJ, Shih NY, Ho JAA. Diagnosing the RGS11 Lung Cancer Biomarker: The Integration of Competitive Immunoassay and Isothermal Nucleic Acid Exponential Amplification Reaction. Anal Chem 2019; 91:3327-3335. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Feng Chang
- BioAnalytical Chemistry and Nanobiomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Qi Huang
- BioAnalytical Chemistry and Nanobiomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ming Wu
- Chest Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 25160, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei 25245, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei 25245, Taiwan
| | - Amily Fang-Ju Jou
- BioAnalytical Chemistry and Nanobiomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Neng-Yao Shih
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 70456, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaoshiung Medical University, Kaoshiung, Taiwan
| | - Ja-an Annie Ho
- BioAnalytical Chemistry and Nanobiomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Tsai HJ, Jiaang WT, Shih NY, Fletcher JA, Lin MJ, Yang MY, Chen CT, Hsu TAJ, Wu CC, Lin HY, Chen LT. BPR1J373, a novel multitargeted kinase inhibitor, effectively suppresses the growth of gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3591-3601. [PMID: 30142229 PMCID: PMC6215875 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a type of KIT‐driven cancer. KIT gene mutations are found in approximately 80% of GISTs, and most of these mutations occur in exon 9 and exon 11. Imatinib has been successfully used as a first‐line treatment for advanced GIST, with a significant improvement in progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival. However, disease progression might develop due to primary or secondary resistance to imatinib. Sunitinib and regorafenib have been approved as second‐ and third‐line treatments for advanced GIST patients, with median PFS values of 6.8 and 4.8 months, respectively. However, these relatively modest improvements in PFS underscore the need for more effective KIT inhibitors. BPR1J373 is a multitargeted kinase inhibitor that has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of KIT‐driven acute myeloid leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we found that BPR1J373 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis by targeting KIT in GIST cells with KIT gene mutations. BPR1J373 also induced cell cycle arrest and senescent change in KIT‐mutant GIST48 cells, probably by targeting aurora kinase A. In the KIT‐null COS‐1 cell‐based system, BPR1J373 effectively inhibited KIT with single or double mutations of KIT developed in GIST. The antiproliferative effect was also consistently evident in GIST430 tumor‐grafted mice. The results suggest that BPR1J373 could be a potential anticancer drug for GIST and deserves further investigation for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jen Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Weir-Torn Jiaang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Neng-Yao Shih
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jonathan A Fletcher
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ming-Jon Lin
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yu Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Tong Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-An John Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Wu
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-You Lin
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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5
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Hsu KF, Liang YL, Wu CH, Shih NY. Abstract 639: Salt-inducible kinase 3 expression identifies long-term survivors of serous ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has a high tumor-associated mortality rate among the gynecological cancers because EOC is usually diagnosed during the advanced stage. Cancer antigen (CA) 125 is the most well-studied biomarker for ovarian cancer screening. However, CA125 is also elevated in numerous conditions, resulting in decreased specificity. Materials and Method: We collected ovarian cancer specimens from 204 patients and examined the SIK3 and CA125 expression levels. The expression percentage of SIK3 or CA125 in the tumor cells, pre-surgery serum CA125 was divided into two groups and compared with patient overall survival, progression-free survival, cancer stage, cancer type and chemotherapeutic resistance. Results: A total of 30.9% of the patients had stage I disease, 7.8% had stage II disease, 52.4% had stage III disease, and 8.9% had stage IV disease. The median OS and PFS were 49.5 months (range 0.25-205 months) and 28.4 months (0.25-182.4), respectively. The mean age of the patients was 52.8 years (range 25-82 years). The histological classification was based on the four main ovarian cancer types: serous (51.5%), endometrioid (14.2%), clear cell (20.6%), and mucinous (9.3%). In all stages of the disease, high expression of SIK3 (SIK3-H) was associated with a markedly better OS, compared with low expression of SIK3 (SIK3-L) (127.0 months and 46.0 months, respectively; hazard ratio [HR] for death, 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41 to 0.86; P=0.005). SIK3-H had a markedly better PFS rate than SIK3-L (66.0 months and 26.0 months, respectively; HR for disease progression or recurrence, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.99; P=0.04). The same results were evident for serous ovarian cancer, where SIK3-H had a better OS rate than SIK3-L (75.0 months and 34.0 months, respectively; HR for death, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.91; P=0.02) and a better PFS rate than SIK3-L (44 and 13 months, respectively; HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.83; P=0.006). Notably, for advanced stage serous ovarian cancer, Only SIK3-H had a better OS rate than SIK3-L (48.0 months and 28.0 months, respectively; HR for death, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.96; P=0.03) and PFS rate (32 and 13 months, respectively; HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.95; P=0.03). Tissue CA125 expression and the pre-surgery serum CA125 level did not show significant differences in OS and PFS. Our results demonstrated that high SIK3 expression correlated with better OS and PFS rates in ovarian cancer patients, especially in patients with advanced serous ovarian cancer. Conclusion: High expression of SIK3 indicates a better prognosis in primary ovarian cancer and serous disease, especially in advanced serous disease.
Citation Format: Keng-Fu Hsu, Yu-Ling Liang, Chin-Han Wu, Neng-Yao Shih. Salt-inducible kinase 3 expression identifies long-term survivors of serous ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng-Fu Hsu
- 1National Cheng Kung Univ. Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Chin-Han Wu
- 1National Cheng Kung Univ. Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Neng-Yao Shih
- 2National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
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6
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Yang SH, Li CF, Chu PY, Ko HH, Chen LT, Chen WW, Han CH, Lung JH, Shih NY. Overexpression of regulator of G protein signaling 11 promotes cell migration and associates with advanced stages and aggressiveness of lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:31122-36. [PMID: 27105500 PMCID: PMC5058744 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulator of G protein signaling 11 (RGS11), a member of the R7 subfamily of RGS proteins, is a well-characterized GTPase-accelerating protein that is involved in the heterotrimeric G protein regulation of the amplitude and kinetics of receptor-promoted signaling in retinal bipolar and nerve cells. However, the role of RGS11 in cancer is completely unclear. Using subtractive hybridization analysis, we found that RGS11 was highly expressed in the lymph-node metastatic tissues and bone-metastatic tumors obtained from patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Characterization of the clinicopathological features of 91 patients showed that around 57.1% of the tumor samples displayed RGS11 overexpression that was associated with primary tumor status, nodal metastasis and increased disease stages. Its high expression was an independent predictive factor for poor prognosis of these patients. Cotransfection of guanine nucleotide-binding protein beta-5 (GNB5) markedly increased RGS11 expression. Enhancement or attenuation of RGS11 expression pinpointed its specific role in cell migration, but not in cell invasion and proliferation. Signaling events initiated by the RGS11–GNB5 coexpression activated the c-Raf/ERK/FAK-mediated pathway through upregulation of the Rac1 activity. Consistently, increasing the cell invasiveness of the transfectants by additional cotransfection of the exogenous urokinase–plasminogen activator gene caused a significant promotion in cell invasion in vitro and in vivo, confirming that RGS11 functions in cell migration, but requires additional proteolytic activity for cell and tissue invasion. Collectively, overexpression of RGS11 promotes cell migration, participates in tumor metastasis, and correlates the clinicopathological conditions of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Huei Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hsing Ko
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Wen Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Han
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Hau Lung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Neng-Yao Shih
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaoshiung Medical University, Kaoshiung, Taiwan
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Lung J, Chen KL, Hung CH, Chen CC, Hung MS, Lin YC, Wu CY, Lee KD, Shih NY, Tsai YH. In silico-based identification of human α-enolase inhibitors to block cancer cell growth metabolically. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017; 11:3281-3290. [PMID: 29180852 PMCID: PMC5695255 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s149214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Unlimited growth of cancer cells requires an extensive nutrient supply. To meet this demand, cancer cells drastically upregulate glucose uptake and metabolism compared to normal cells. This difference has made the blocking of glycolysis a fascinating strategy to treat this malignant disease. α-enolase is not only one of the most upregulated glycolytic enzymes in cancer cells, but also associates with many cellular processes or conditions important to cancer cell survival, such as cell migration, invasion, and hypoxia. Targeting α-enolase could simultaneously disturb cancer cells in multiple ways and, therefore, is a good target for anticancer drug development. In the current study, more than 22 million chemical structures meeting the criteria of Lipinski’s rule of five from the ZINC database were docked to α-enolase by virtual screening. Twenty-four chemical structures with docking scores better than that of the enolase substrate, 2-phosphoglycerate, were further screened by the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties prediction. Four of them were classified as non-mutagenic, non-carcinogenic, and capable of oral administration where they showed steady interactions to α-enolase that were comparable, even superior, to the currently available inhibitors in molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. These compounds may be considered promising leads for further development of the α-enolase inhibitors and could help fight cancer metabolically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jrhau Lung
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi
| | | | - Chien-Hui Hung
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi.,Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - Ming-Szu Hung
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan.,Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi.,Division of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Yu-Ching Lin
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan.,Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi.,Division of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Ching-Yuan Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi
| | - Kuan-Der Lee
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Neng-Yao Shih
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan
| | - Ying Huang Tsai
- Department of Respiratory Care, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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8
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Chen LT, Chen CT, Jiaang WT, Chen TY, Butterfield JH, Shih NY, Hsu JTA, Lin HY, Lin SF, Tsai HJ. BPR1J373, an Oral Multiple Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Targets c-KIT for the Treatment of c-KIT–Driven Myeloid Leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2323-2333. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Principe M, Ceruti P, Shih NY, Chattaragada MS, Rolla S, Conti L, Bestagno M, Zentilin L, Yang SH, Migliorini P, Cappello P, Burrone O, Novelli F. Targeting of surface alpha-enolase inhibits the invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11098-113. [PMID: 25860938 PMCID: PMC4484442 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy characterized by rapid progression, invasiveness and resistance to treatment. We have previously demonstrated that most PDAC patients have circulating antibodies against the glycolytic enzyme alpha-enolase (ENO1), which correlates with a better response to therapy and survival. ENO1 is a metabolic enzyme, also expressed on the cell surface where it acts as a plasminogen receptor. ENO1 play a crucial role in cell invasion and metastasis by promoting plasminogen activation into plasmin, a serine-protease involved in extracellular matrix degradation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ENO1 in PDAC cell invasion. We observed that ENO1 was expressed on the cell surface of most PDAC cell lines. Mouse anti-human ENO1 monoclonal antibodies inhibited plasminogen-dependent invasion of human PDAC cells, and their metastatic spreading in immunosuppressed mice was inhibited. Notably, a single administration of Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV)-expressing cDNA coding for 72/1 anti-ENO1 mAb reduced the number of lung metastases in immunosuppressed mice injected with PDAC cells. Overall, these data indicate that ENO1 is involved in PDAC cell invasion, and that administration of an anti-ENO1 mAb can be exploited as a novel therapeutic option to increase the survival of metastatic PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moitza Principe
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ceruti
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Neng-Yao Shih
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Michelle S Chattaragada
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Rolla
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Conti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Bestagno
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Sheng-Hui Yang
- College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Paola Migliorini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Cappello
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Oscar Burrone
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Tsai HJ, Shih NY, Kuo SH, Cheng AL, Lin HY, Chen TY, Chang KC, Lin SF, Chang JS, Chen LT. AUY922 effectively targets against activated B cell subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and low-grade lymphoma cells harboring genetic alteration-associated nuclear factor-κB activation. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 56:2674-82. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.995647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Fang WT, Fan CC, Li SM, Jang TH, Lin HP, Shih NY, Chen CH, Wang TY, Huang SF, Lee AYL, Liu YL, Tsai FY, Huang CT, Yang SJ, Yen LJ, Chuu CP, Chen CY, Hsiung CA, Chang JY, Wang LH, Chang IS, Jiang SS. Downregulation of a putative tumor suppressor BMP4 by SOX2 promotes growth of lung squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:809-19. [PMID: 24477565 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
SOX2 is a transcription factor essential for self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. Recently, SOX2 was found overexpressed in the majority of the lung squamous cell carcinoma (SQC), in which it acts as a lineage-survival oncogene. However, downstream targets/pathways of SOX2 in lung SQC cells remain to be identified. Here, we show that BMP4 is a downstream target of SOX2 in lung SQC. We found that SOX2-silencing-mediated inhibition of cell growth was accompanied by upregulation of BMP4 mRNA and its protein expression. Meta-analysis with 293 samples and qRT-PCR validation with 73 clinical samples revealed an inversely correlated relationship between levels of SOX2 and BMP4 mRNA, and significantly lower mRNA levels in tumor than in adjacent normal tissues. This was corroborated by immunohistochemistry analysis of 35 lung SQC samples showing lower BMP4 protein expression in tumor tissues. Cell-based experiments including siRNA transfection, growth assay and flow cytometry assay, further combined with a xenograft tumor model in mice, revealed that reactivation of BMP4 signaling could partially account for growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest in lung SQC cells upon silencing SOX2. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis and luciferase reporter assay revealed that SOX2 could negatively regulate BMP4 promoter activity, possibly through binding to the promoter located in the first intron region of BMP4. Collectively, our findings suggest that BMP4 could act as a tumor suppressor and its downregulation by elevated SOX2 resulting in enhanced growth of lung SQC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tsen Fang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, NHRI, Zhunan, Taiwan
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12
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Hsueh YS, Lin CL, Chiang NJ, Yen CC, Li CF, Shan YS, Ko CH, Shih NY, Wang LM, Chen TS, Chen LT. Selecting tyrosine kinase inhibitors for gastrointestinal stromal tumor with secondary KIT activation-loop domain mutations. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65762. [PMID: 23840364 PMCID: PMC3688691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), a KIT oncogene-driven tumor, on imatinib mesylate (IM) treatment may develop secondary KIT mutations to confer IM-resistant phenotype. Second-line sunitinib malate (SU) therapy is largely ineffective for IM-resistant GISTs with secondary exon 17 (activation-loop domain) mutations. We established an in vitro cell-based platform consisting of a series of COS-1 cells expressing KIT cDNA constructs encoding common primary±secondary mutations observed in GISTs, to compare the activity of several commercially available tyrosine kinase inhibitors on inhibiting the phosphorylation of mutant KIT proteins at their clinically achievable plasma steady-state concentration (Css). The inhibitory efficacies on KIT exon 11/17 mutants were further validated by growth inhibition assay on GIST48 cells, and underlying molecular-structure mechanisms were investigated by molecular modeling. Our results showed that SU more effectively inhibited mutant KIT with secondary exon 13 or 14 mutations than those with secondary exon 17 mutations, as clinically indicated. On contrary, at individual Css, nilotinib and sorafenib more profoundly inhibited the phosphorylation of KIT with secondary exon 17 mutations and the growth of GIST48 cells than IM, SU, and dasatinib. Molecular modeling analysis showed fragment deletion of exon 11 and point mutation on exon 17 would lead to a shift of KIT conformational equilibrium toward active form, for which nilotinib and sorafenib bound more stably than IM and SU. In current preclinical study, nilotinib and sorafenib are more active in IM-resistant GISTs with secondary exon 17 mutation than SU that deserve further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Shuo Hsueh
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lung Lin
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Jung Chiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chueh-Chuan Yen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Foundation Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Huai Ko
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Neng-Yao Shih
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Mei Wang
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shou Chen
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (TSC); (LTC)
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (TSC); (LTC)
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Hsueh YS, Yen CC, Shih NY, Chiang NJ, Li CF, Chen LT. Autophagy is involved in endogenous and NVP-AUY922-induced KIT degradation in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Autophagy 2012. [PMID: 23196876 PMCID: PMC3552885 DOI: 10.4161/auto.22802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a prototype of mutant KIT oncogene-driven tumor. Prolonged tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment may result in a resistant phenotype through acquired secondary KIT mutation. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90AA1) is a chaperone protein responsible for protein maturation and stability, and KIT is a known client protein of HSP90AA1. Inhibition of HSP90AA1 has been shown to destabilize KIT protein by enhancing its degradation via the proteasome-dependent pathway. In this study, we demonstrated that NVP-AUY922 (AUY922), a new class of HSP90AA1 inhibitor, is effective in inhibiting the growth of GIST cells expressing mutant KIT protein, the imatinib-sensitive GIST882 and imatinib-resistant GIST48 cells. The growth inhibition was accompanied with a sustained reduction of both total and phosphorylated KIT proteins and the induction of apoptosis in both cell lines. Surprisingly, AUY922-induced KIT reduction could be partially reversed by pharmacological inhibition of either autophagy or proteasome degradation pathway. The blockade of autophagy alone led to the accumulation of the KIT protein, highlighting the role of autophagy in endogenous KIT turnover. The involvement of autophagy in endogenous and AUY922-induced KIT protein turnover was further confirmed by the colocalization of KIT with MAP1LC3B-, acridine orange- or SQSTM1-labeled autophagosome, and by the accumulation of KIT in GIST cells by silencing either BECN1 or ATG5 to disrupt autophagosome activity. Therefore, the results not only highlight the potential application of AUY922 for the treatment of KIT-expressing GISTs, but also provide the first evidence for the involvement of autophagy in endogenous and HSP90AA1 inhibitor-induced KIT degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Shuo Hsueh
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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14
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Chu PY, Hsu NC, Liao AT, Shih NY, Hou MF, Liu CH. Overexpression of α-enolase correlates with poor survival in canine mammary carcinoma. BMC Vet Res 2011; 7:62. [PMID: 22014164 PMCID: PMC3207881 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-7-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background α-Enolase (ENO1) is a key glycolytic enzyme implicated in the development of many human cancers including breast cancer. Increased expression of ENO1 has recently been reported in estrogen (ER)-positive human breast cancer patients. The present study examined the expression of ENO1 and assessed its significance in canine mammary carcinoma. Results Immunohistochemical staining was employed to investigate the expression of ENO1 in 82 cases of canine mammary tumor (32 benign tumors and 50 carcinomas). Quantification of immunohistochemistry was carried out using Quick score and the results showed cytoplasmic ENO1 overexpression in 9 of the 50 carcinomas (18%). Overexpression of ENO1 correlated significantly with shorter cause-specific survival (P = 0.019), but was not associated with ER positivity in canine mammary carcinoma. Conclusions Our findings suggest that overexpression of ENO1 may be used as a prognostic marker for poor outcome in canine mammary carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Pathology, St Martin De Porres Hospital, No 565, Section 2, Daya Road, Chiayi 60069, Taiwan
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15
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Liu KJ, Lee YL, Yang YY, Shih NY, Ho CC, Wu YC, Huang TS, Huang MC, Liu HC, Shen WW, Leu SJ. Modulation of the development of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells by lithium chloride. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:424-33. [PMID: 20672290 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Lithium has been used or explored to treat psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases that are frequently associated with an abnormal immune status. It is likely that lithium may work through modulation of immune responses in these patients. Because dendritic cells (DC) play a central role in regulating immune responses, this study investigated the influence of lithium chloride (LiCl) on the development and function of DC. Exposure to LiCl during the differentiation of human monocyte-derived immature DCs (iDC) enhances CD86 and CD83 expression and increases the production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α. However, the presence of LiCl during LPS-induced maturation of iDC has the opposite effect. During iDC differentiation, LiCl suppresses the activity of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, and activates PI3K and MEK. In addition, LiCl activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) during iDC differentiation, a pathway not described before. Each of these signaling pathways appears to have distinct impact on the differentiating iDC. The enhanced CD86 expression by LiCl involves the PI3K/AKT and GSK-3β pathway. LiCl modulates the expression of CD83 in iDC mainly through MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, and PPARγ pathways, while the increased production of IL-1β and TNF-α mainly involves the MEK/ERK pathway. The effect of LiCl on IL-6/IL-8/IL-10 secretion in iDC is mediated through inhibition of GSK-3β. We have also demonstrated that PPARγ is downstream of GSK-3β and is responsible for the LiCl-mediated modulation of CD86/83 and CD1 expression, but not IL-6/8/10 secretion. The combined influence of these molecular signaling pathways may account for certain clinical effect of lithium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Jiunn Liu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
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16
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Chia JH, Su LH, Lee MH, Kuo AJ, Shih NY, Siu LK, Wu TL. Development of High-Level Carbapenem Resistance inKlebsiella pneumoniaeAmong Patients with Prolonged Hospitalization and Carbapenem Exposure. Microb Drug Resist 2010; 16:317-25. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2009.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hsin Chia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Hui Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsun Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - An-Jing Kuo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Neng-Yao Shih
- Cancer Institute, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Leung Kei Siu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Division of Clinical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Lan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Lung J, Liu KJ, Chang JY, Leu SJ, Shih NY. MBP-1 is efficiently encoded by an alternative transcript of the ENO1 gene but post-translationally regulated by proteasome-dependent protein turnover. FEBS J 2010; 277:4308-21. [PMID: 20849415 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07819.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The c-myc promoter-binding protein-1 (MBP-1) is a transcriptional suppressor of tumorigenesis and thought to be the product of alternative translation initiation of the α-enolase (ENO1) transcript. In the present study, we cloned a 2552-bp novel cDNA with a putative coding sequence of MBP-1 and functionally examined its ability to encode the MBP-1 protein. Similarly to ENO1, the obtained MBP-1 was widely and differentially expressed in a variety of normal tissues and cancer cells. Experiments using MBP-1 promoter-driven luciferase reporter assays, biochemical cell fractionation followed by RT-PCR detection of the cytoplasmic mRNA, and transcription/translation-coupled reactions, consistently demonstrated that this novel transcript was alternatively transcribed from intron III of the ENO1 gene and was feasible for MBP-1 production. Hypoxia treatments significantly increased the transcriptional activation of the MBP-1 gene. Blocking the proteasomal degradation by MG132 stabilized the MBP-1 protein in cells. Compared with the translation efficiency for production of the MBP-1 protein, the MBP-1 transcript was 17.8 times more efficient than the ENO1 transcript. Thus, we suggest that this newly discovered transcript is a genuine template for the protein synthesis of MBP-1 in cells, and optimal expression of this gene in tumors may lead to effective clinical therapies for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jrhau Lung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
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18
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Leu SJ, Lee YC, Shih NY, Huang IJ, Liu KJ, Lu HF, Huang SY, Yang YY. Generation and characterization of anti-alpha-enolase single-chain antibodies in chicken. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010; 137:251-60. [PMID: 20655599 PMCID: PMC7112641 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
It was previously reported that up-regulation of α-enolase protein was detected in 65% of patients with non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Moreover, a high titer of anti-α-enolase antibodies was developed in a smaller proportion (7.4%) of these patients than in non-tumor-associated patients and healthy subjects. In the present study, we characterized polyclonal and single-chain variable fragment (scFv) anti-α-enolase antibodies from immunized chickens. The E. coli-derived recombinant α-enolase protein was purified to its high homogenicity as verified by SDS-PAGE. After the 4th immunization, a high titer of specific polyclonal anti-α-enolase antibodies was elicited in immunized chickens and specifically recognized the purified human α-enolase antigen as determined by Western blot and ELISA. The expressed heavy and light chain variable genes (VH and VL) were isolated from spleen B cells and amplified to construct phage antibody libraries containing scFv molecules. After four rounds of panning selection, the scFv antibodies of randomly chosen clones were expressed and their binding specificity to α-enolase protein was verified using competitive ELISA, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. Nucleotide sequence analysis from 10 α-enolase binding clones showed that 3 (30%) clones used identical heavy and light genes for scFv antibody expression, as represented by EnL5. Notably, amino acid changes in complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) were more frequently observed than those in framework regions (FRs) in all clones, indicating a strong affinity selection through mutations. All together, it is believed that these polyclonal and scFv IgY antibodies may be helpful in the development of molecular diagnostic and therapeutic agents for lung cancers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sy-Jye Leu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Ho JAA, Chang HC, Shih NY, Wu LC, Chang YF, Chen CC, Chou C. Diagnostic Detection of Human Lung Cancer-Associated Antigen Using a Gold Nanoparticle-Based Electrochemical Immunosensor. Anal Chem 2010; 82:5944-50. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1001959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ja-an Annie Ho
- BioAnalytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300 Taiwan, National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704 Taiwan, Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou 545 Taiwan, Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Jhongli 320 Taiwan, and Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112 Taiwan
| | - Heng-Chia Chang
- BioAnalytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300 Taiwan, National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704 Taiwan, Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou 545 Taiwan, Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Jhongli 320 Taiwan, and Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112 Taiwan
| | - Neng-Yao Shih
- BioAnalytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300 Taiwan, National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704 Taiwan, Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou 545 Taiwan, Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Jhongli 320 Taiwan, and Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112 Taiwan
| | - Li-Chen Wu
- BioAnalytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300 Taiwan, National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704 Taiwan, Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou 545 Taiwan, Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Jhongli 320 Taiwan, and Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112 Taiwan
| | - Ying-Feng Chang
- BioAnalytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300 Taiwan, National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704 Taiwan, Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou 545 Taiwan, Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Jhongli 320 Taiwan, and Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112 Taiwan
| | - Chii-Chang Chen
- BioAnalytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300 Taiwan, National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704 Taiwan, Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou 545 Taiwan, Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Jhongli 320 Taiwan, and Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112 Taiwan
| | - Chien Chou
- BioAnalytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300 Taiwan, National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704 Taiwan, Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou 545 Taiwan, Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Jhongli 320 Taiwan, and Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112 Taiwan
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Tsai ST, Chien IH, Shen WH, Kuo YZ, Jin YT, Wong TY, Hsiao JR, Wang HP, Shih NY, Wu LW. ENO1, a potential prognostic head and neck cancer marker, promotes transformation partly via chemokine CCL20 induction. Eur J Cancer 2010; 46:1712-23. [PMID: 20435467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The success of using glycolytic inhibitors for cancer treatment depends on studying the individual role of frequently deregulated glycolytic genes in cancer. This report aims to study the prognostic implication, and determine the cellular role and action mechanism of glycolytic ENO1 overexpression in head and neck cancer. The relationship of ENO1 mRNA expression in 44-pair clinical specimens with patient clinicopathologic characteristics was analysed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox model analyses. Following ectopic ENO1 expression or knockdown, we studied the proliferative, migratory, invasive, colony-forming and tumourigenic abilities of ENO1-genetically altered cells. DNA microarray analysis was used to identify downstream targets responsible for the ENO1 action in the cells. The expression of ENO1 mRNA was increased in 68% of tumour (T) specimens when compared to their normal (N) counterparts, and positively associated with clinical progression (p<0.05). High ENO1 expression (T/N2) was frequently observed in the patients with large primary tumours, late clinical stages or advanced neck metastasis. Moreover, high ENO1 patients had significantly poorer clinical outcomes than low expressers (T/N<2). Ectopic ENO1 expression stimulated cell transformation, invasion and tongue tumour formation. ENO1 knockdown abrogated the stimulation. Suppression of ENO1-induced proinflammatory CCL20 chemokine expression significantly attenuated its stimulatory effects on cell transformation and invasion. A concordant expression of ENO1 and CCL20 was validated both in ENO1-expressing cells and in clinical specimens. Together, we demonstrate a prognostic role of ENO1 overexpression in head and neck cancer and ENO1-mediated promotion of cell transformation and invasion partly via induced CCL20 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Tien Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, ROC
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21
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Shih NY, Lai HL, Chang GC, Lin HC, Wu YC, Liu JM, Liu KJ, Tseng SW. Anti-alpha-enolase autoantibodies are down-regulated in advanced cancer patients. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2010; 40:663-9. [PMID: 20395242 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyq028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elevation of serum autoantibodies to alpha-enolase (ENO1) is often seen in inflammation diseases. However, it is unclear whether the levels of serum ENO1 autoantibodies could be affected during tumor progression. Hence, we attempted to determine the relative serum ENO1 autoantibody levels in healthy individuals and various stages of patients with lung and breast cancers. METHODS Sera were obtained from 99 normal individuals, 21 patients with non-cancer-associated diseases and 178 cancer patients, including Stage I, II and IV non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer and breast cancer. The ENO1 autoantibody levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Compared with the healthy individuals, the levels of ENO1 autoantibodies were significantly decreased in Stage IV non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer and breast cancer patients. Consistently, this phenomenon was also observed in tumor-grafted mice. Using logistic regression analyses, data show that the titer status of ENO1 autoantibody level is highly associated with the late stage of lung and breast cancers when compared with those of healthy controls. In contrast, there were no statistic differences between healthy controls and early stages of non-small cell lung cancer patients, and total amounts of serum immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M levels in Stage IV non-small cell lung cancer patients were not significantly distinct from those of the healthy controls. Thus, the decreased ENO1 autoantibody event in malignant stage of cancer patients is not contributed by reduction in total immunoglobulin. CONCLUSIONS Marked decrease in the basal level of serum ENO1 autoantibodies is a common malignant event of lung and breast cancers, suggesting that ENO1 autoantibody may serve as a prognostic marker to monitor the disease progression of these cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng-Yao Shih
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
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22
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Tu SH, Chang CC, Chen CS, Tam KW, Wang YJ, Lee CH, Lin HW, Cheng TC, Huang CS, Chu JS, Shih NY, Chen LC, Leu SJ, Ho YS, Wu CH. Increased expression of enolase alpha in human breast cancer confers tamoxifen resistance in human breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009; 121:539-53. [PMID: 19655245 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-009-0492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Enolase-alpha (ENO-1) is a key glycolytic enzyme that has been used as a diagnostic marker to identify human lung cancers. To investigate the role of ENO-1 in breast cancer diagnosis and therapy, the mRNA levels of ENO-1 in 244 tumor and normal paired tissue samples and 20 laser capture-microdissected cell clusters were examined by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Increased ENO-1 mRNA expression was preferentially detected in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumors (tumor/normal ratio >90-fold) when compared to ER-negative (tumor/normal ratio >20-fold) tumor tissues. The data presented here demonstrate that those patients whose tumors highly expressed ENO-1 had a poor prognosis with greater tumor size (>2 cm, *P = .017), poor nodal status (N > 3, *P = .018), and a shorter disease-free interval (<==1 year, *P < .009). We also found that higher-expressing ENO-1 tumors confer longer distance relapse (tumor/normal ratio = 82.8-92.4-fold) when compared to locoregional relapse (tumor/normal ratio = 43.4-fold) in postsurgical 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (4-OHT)-treated ER+ patients (*P = .014). These data imply that changes in tumor ENO-1 levels are related to clinical 4-OHT therapeutic outcome. In vitro studies demonstrated that decreasing ENO-1 expression using small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly augmented 4-OHT (100 nM)-induced cytotoxicity in tamoxifen-resistant (Tam-R) breast cancer cells. These results suggest that downregulation of ENO-1 could be utilized as a novel pharmacological approach for overcoming 4-OHT resistance in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsin Tu
- Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chou TY, Chen WC, Lee AC, Hung SM, Shih NY, Chen MY. Clusterin silencing in human lung adenocarcinoma cells induces a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition through modulating the ERK/Slug pathway. Cell Signal 2009; 21:704-11. [PMID: 19166932 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitously expressed glycoprotein Clusterin (CLU) is implicated in diverse cellular processes, yet its genuine molecular function remains undefined. CLU expression has been associated with various human malignancies, yet the mechanisms by which CLU promotes cancer progression and metastasis are not elucidated. In this study, using human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines as a model, we explored the involvement of CLU in modulating invasiveness of cancer cells. We discovered that CLU levels positively correlated with the degree of invasiveness in human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. The observation that CLU-rich cells displayed a spindle-shape morphology while those with low CLU levels were cuboidal in shape prompted us to investigate if CLU modulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMT). CLU silencing by siRNA in a highly invasive, CLU-rich lung adenocarcinoma cell line induced a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) evidenced by the spindle-to-cuboidal morphological change, increased E-cadherin expression, and decreased fibronectin expression. Compared with the vector-transfected cells, CLU-knocked-down (CLUi) cells showed reduced migration and invasion in vitro, as well as decreased metastatic potential in experimental metastasis. Re-expression of CLU in CLUi cells reversed the MET and restored the mesenchymal and invasive phenotypes. We found that Slug, a zinc-finger-containing transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin, was downregulated in CLUi cells. We also discovered that levels of activated ERK correlated with those of CLU and Slug. Taken together, our data suggest that CLU may regulate EMT and aggressive behaviour of human lung adenocarcinoma cells through modulating ERK signalling and Slug expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teh-Ying Chou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan.
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24
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Chen KL, Liu WH, Yang YY, Leu SJC, Shih NY. Characterization of novel transforming growth factor-beta type I receptors found in malignant pleural effusion tumor cells. BMC Mol Biol 2007; 8:72. [PMID: 17705854 PMCID: PMC1995218 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-8-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumors expressing a transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor (TβRI) mutant with sequence deletions in a nine-alanine (9A) stretch of the signal peptide are reported to be highly associated with disease progression. Expression of this mutant could interfere with endogenous TGFβ signaling in the cell. However, little is known about the importance of the remaining part of the signal peptide on the cellular function of TβRI. Results We cloned and identified four new in-frame deletion variants of TβRI, designated DM1 to DM4, in pleural effusion-derived tumor cells. Intriguingly, DM1 and DM2, with a small region truncated in the putative signal peptide of TβRI, had a serious defect in their protein expression compared with that of the wild-type receptor. Using serial deletion mutagenesis, we characterized a region encoded by nucleotides 16–51 as a key element controlling TβRI protein expression. Consistently, both DM1 and DM2 have this peptide deleted. Experiments using cycloheximde and MG132 further confirmed its indispensable role for the protein stability of TβRI. In contrast, truncation of the 9A-stretch itself or a region downstream to the stretch barely affected TβRI expression. However, variants lacking a region C-terminal to the stretch completely lost their capability to conduct TGFβ-induced transcriptional activation. Intriguingly, expression of DM3 in a cell sensitive to TGFβ made it significantly refractory to TGFβ-mediated growth inhibition. The effect of DM3 was to ablate the apoptotic event induced by TGFβ. Conclusion We identified four new transcript variants of TβRI in malignant effusion tumor cells and characterized two key elements controlling its protein stability and transcriptional activation. Expression of one of variants bestowed cancer cells with a growth advantage in the presence of TGFβ. These results highlight the potential roles of some naturally occurring TβRI variants on the promotion of tumor malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Li Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsin Liu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yuan Yang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Sy-Jye C Leu
- Graduate Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Neng-Yao Shih
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei 114, Taiwan
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25
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Lee YC, Leu SJC, Hu CJ, Shih NY, Huang IJ, Wu HH, Hsieh WS, Chiang BL, Chiu WT, Yang YY. Chicken single-chain variable fragments against the SARS-CoV spike protein. J Virol Methods 2007; 146:104-11. [PMID: 17643500 PMCID: PMC7112778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2007] [Revised: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The major concern for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), caused by the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), is the lack of diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Using a phage display technology in a chicken system, high-affinity monoclonal antibody fragments against the SARS-CoV spike protein were characterized. Ten truncated spike protein gene fragments were expressed in Escherichia coli cells. Following the immunization of chickens with these recombinant spike proteins, two single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody libraries were established with short or long linkers to contain 5x10(7) and 9x10(6) transformants, respectively. After four rounds of panning selection, the scFv antibodies of randomly chosen clones were demonstrated by Coomassie blue staining, and verified by western blot analysis. In a comparison of nucleotide sequences with the chicken germline gene, we found that all clones varied in the complementarity-determining regions, that two scFv antibodies reacted significantly with SARS-CoV-infected Vero cells, and that those two specific scFv antibodies recognized the same region of the spike protein spanning amino acid residues 750-1000. In conclusion, the results suggest that the chicken scFv phage display system can be a potential model for mass production of high-affinity antibodies against the SARS-CoV spike protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Lee
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sy-Jye C. Leu
- Graduate Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chaur-Jong Hu
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Neng-Yao Shih
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Jen Huang
- Applied Bioscience Division, Taiwan Sugar Research Institute, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Hsia Wu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shyang Hsieh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ta Chiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yuan Yang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +886 2 27361661x3325; fax: +886 2 27324510.
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26
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Chang GC, Liu KJ, Hsieh CL, Hu TS, Charoenfuprasert S, Liu HK, Luh KT, Hsu LH, Wu CW, Ting CC, Chen CY, Chen KC, Yang TY, Chou TY, Wang WH, Whang-Peng J, Shih NY. Identification of alpha-enolase as an autoantigen in lung cancer: its overexpression is associated with clinical outcomes. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:5746-54. [PMID: 17020980 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although existence of humoral immunity has been previously shown in malignant pleural effusions, only a limited number of immunogenic tumor-associated antigens (TAA) have been identified and associated with lung cancer. In this study, we intended to identify more TAAs in pleural effusion-derived tumor cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using morphologically normal lung tissues as a control lysate in Western blotting analyses, 54 tumor samples were screened with autologous effusion antibodies. Biochemical purification and mass spectrometric identification of TAAs were done using established effusion tumor cell lines as antigen sources. We identified a p48 antigen as alpha-enolase (ENO1). Semiquantitative immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate expression status of ENO1 in the tissue samples of 80 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and then correlated with clinical variables. RESULTS Using ENO1-specifc antiserum, up-regulation of ENO1 expression in effusion tumor cells from 11 of 17 patients was clearly observed compared with human normal lung primary epithelial and non-cancer-associated effusion cells. Immunohistochemical studies consistently showed high level of ENO1 expression in all the tumors we have examined thus far. Log-rank and Cox's analyses of ENO1 expression status revealed that its expression level in primary tumors was a key factor contributing to overall- and progression-free survivals of patients (P < 0.05). The same result was also obtained in the early stage of NSCLC patients, showing that tumors expressing relatively higher ENO1 level were tightly correlated with poorer survival outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our data strongly support a prognostic role of ENO1 in determining tumor malignancy of patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gee-Chen Chang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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27
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Shih NY, Li J, Cotran R, Mundel P, Miner JH, Shaw AS. CD2AP localizes to the slit diaphragm and binds to nephrin via a novel C-terminal domain. Am J Pathol 2001; 159:2303-8. [PMID: 11733379 PMCID: PMC1850607 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CD2AP, an adapter protein containing multiple SH3 domains, plays a critical role in kidney function. Mice lacking CD2AP die soon after birth because of kidney failure. In the kidney, CD2AP is expressed in glomerular podocytes, which suggests that it may play a role in a specialized adhesion complex known as the slit diaphragm. One of the major components of the slit diaphragm is nephrin, a podocyte-specific protein. Here we demonstrate that CD2AP localizes to the slit diaphragm in podocytes using immunoelectron microscopy and that nephrin and CD2AP co-immunoprecipitate from a podocyte cell line. The specificity of this interaction was verified by mapping studies, which demonstrated that a novel domain at the C terminus of CD2AP interacts with the C-terminal portion of the nephrin cytoplasmic domain. These studies lend further support to the idea that CD2AP plays a role in the structural integrity of the slit diaphragm.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Shih
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Renal Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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28
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Abstract
The NK1 and NK2 receptor activity of a series of 5-[(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methoxy]-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4(Z)-(methoxyimino)pentyl-1-piperidines was evaluated. Compounds 11d, 11e, 11f, 12a, and 12k were found to be our most potent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Ting
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ 07033-1300, USA.
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29
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Abstract
Functional probing of the backbone of the Sanofi NK2 antagonist SR 48968 has resulted in the discovery of two new classes of NK1/NK2 dual antagonists: the diamine class and the oxime class. The addition of the amino or the oxime functional group results in the reversal of the stereochemical preference of the NK2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Reichard
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilwrorth, NJ 07033-1300, USA.
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30
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Ting PC, Lee JF, Anthes JC, Shih NY, Piwinski JJ. Synthesis and NK1/NK2 receptor activity of substituted-4(Z)-(methoxyimino)pentyl-1-piperazines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:2333-5. [PMID: 11055350 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00464-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of 5-[(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methoxy]-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4(Z)- (methoxyimino)pentyl-1-piperazines was prepared and their affinity for the NK1 and NK2 receptors investigated. Compounds 7f, 10o, 10r, and 10s were found to be our most potent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Ting
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ 07033-1300, USA.
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31
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Abstract
CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) is an 80-kilodalton protein that is critical for stabilizing contacts between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. In CD2AP-deficient mice, immune function was compromised, but the mice died at 6 to 7 weeks of age from renal failure. In the kidney, CD2AP was expressed primarily in glomerular epithelial cells. Knockout mice exhibited defects in epithelial cell foot processes, accompanied by mesangial cell hyperplasia and extracellular matrix deposition. Supporting a role for CD2AP in the specialized cell junction known as the slit diaphragm, CD2AP associated with nephrin, the primary component of the slit diaphragm.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Shih
- Center for Immunology and Department of Pathology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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32
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Thorson JA, Yu LW, Hsu AL, Shih NY, Graves PR, Tanner JW, Allen PM, Piwnica-Worms H, Shaw AS. 14-3-3 proteins are required for maintenance of Raf-1 phosphorylation and kinase activity. Mol Cell Biol 1998; 18:5229-38. [PMID: 9710607 PMCID: PMC109108 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.18.9.5229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/1998] [Accepted: 06/08/1998] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
By binding to serine-phosphorylated proteins, 14-3-3 proteins function as effectors of serine phosphorylation. The exact mechanism of their action is, however, still largely unknown. Here we demonstrate a requirement for 14-3-3 for Raf-1 kinase activity and phosphorylation. Expression of dominant negative forms of 14-3-3 resulted in the loss of a critical Raf-1 phosphorylation, while overexpression of 14-3-3 resulted in enhanced phosphorylation of this site. 14-3-3 levels, therefore, regulate the stoichiometry of Raf-1 phosphorylation and its potential activity in the cell. Phosphorylation of Raf-1, however, was insufficient by itself for kinase activity. Removal of 14-3-3 from phosphorylated Raf abrogated kinase activity, whereas addition of 14-3-3 restored it. This supports a paradigm in which the effects of phosphorylation on serine as well as tyrosine residues are mediated by inducible protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Thorson
- Center for Immunology and Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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33
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Hey JA, Aslanian R, Bolser DC, Chapman RW, Egan RW, Rizzo CA, Shih NY, Fernandez X, McLeod RL, West R, Kreutner W. Studies on the pharmacology of the novel histamine H3 receptor agonist Sch 50971. Arzneimittelforschung 1998; 48:881-8. [PMID: 9793613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were performed to characterize the pharmacology of Sch 50971 ((+)-trans-4-(4(R)-methyl-3(R)-pyrolidinyl)-1H-imidazole dihydrochloride, CAS 167610-28-8), a novel histamine H3 receptor agonist. The activity of Sch 50971 was compared with that of (R)-alpha-methylhistamine (CAS 75614-87-8), a potent and moderately selective agonist of histamine H3 receptors, in a series of in vitro and in vivo assays. Sch 50971 is a high affinity, selective H3 receptor agonist in vitro and in vivo. Sch 50971 inhibits [3H]-N-alpha-methylhistamine (CAS 673-50-7) binding to the histamine H3 receptor in human brain (Ki = 5.0 nmol/l) and guinea pig brain (Ki = 2.5 nmol/l). Sch 50971 also inhibits electric field stimulated guinea pig ileum contractions (pD2 = 7.47) and decreases [3H]-norepinephrine (CAS 51-41-2) release (pD2 = 7.48) from guinea pig pulmonary artery by activation of presynaptic inhibitory H3 receptors. The in vitro effects of Sch 50971 are antagonized by low concentrations of a selective H3 antagonist, thioperamide (CAS 106243-16-7). Sch 50971 has low affinity (IC50's > 10 mumol/l) for histamine H1, dopamine D1 and D2, serotonin 5-HT2 and muscarinic cholinergic receptors. It also does not exhibit histamine H2-antagonist activity. In guinea pigs and cats, Sch 50971 exhibits in vivo H3 agonist activity. Sch 50971 inhibits sympathetic hypertension evoked by stimulation of the medulla oblongata in anesthetized guinea pigs (ED30 = 0.3 mg/kg i.v., ED30 = 1.0 mg/kg i.d.). Sch 50971 also inhibits the effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation on nasal resistance in cats. In these assays, Sch 50971 exhibits an efficacy and potency comparable to H3-agonist (R)-alpha-methylhistamine. However, under in vivo conditions, Sch 50971 does not exhibit histamine H1-mediated responses that are seen with (R)-alpha-methylhistamine at doses close to those that produce H3 effects. Therefore, Sch 50971 is a novel, potent and selective agonist of histamine H3 receptors with an improved in vitro and in vivo receptor profile selectivity compared with (R)-alpha-methylhistamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hey
- Allergy, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
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34
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Aslanian R, Brown JE, Shih NY, wa Mutahi M, Green MJ, She S, Del Prado M, West R, Hey J. 4-[(1H-imidazol-4-yl) methyl] benzamidines and benzylamidines: novel antagonists of the histamine H3 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:2263-8. [PMID: 9873525 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00399-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of amidine substituted phenyl-, benzyl-, and phenethylimidazoles based on the known H3 agonist SK&F 91606 (4) has been synthesized and tested as ligands for the histamine H3 receptor. Insertion of a phenyl ring between the imidazole ring and the amidine moiety produces antagonists. The benzyl series was found to be the most potent and was further investigated. Compounds 9c and 18 (entries 5 and 12, Table 1) are potent ligands for the H3 receptor with K(i) values of 16 nM and 7.2 nM respectively. In vivo, both compounds were shown to be equipotent to thioperamide (2), the standard H3 antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Aslanian
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
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35
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Shih NY, Aslanian R, Lupo AT, Orlando S, Piwinski JJ, Green MJ, Ganguly AK, West R, Tozzi S, Kreutner W, Hey JA. Trans-4-methyl-3-imidazoyl pyrrolidine as a potent, highly selective histamine H3 receptor agonist in vivo. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:243-8. [PMID: 9871662 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Extensive structural modification of immepyr (+)-2 led to the discovery of trans-4-methyl-3-imidazoyl pyrrolidine (+/-)-3a as a potent and highly selective H3 agonist. The pyrroline (+/-)-3a was resolved, and its (+) enantiomer, Sch 50971 [(+)-3a], showed a greater separation of H3 and H1 activities in vivo (H3/H1 ratio >> 330) than (R)-alpha-methylhistamine (+)-1 (H3/H1 ratio = 17), the standard H3 agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Shih
- Department of Chemical Research, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, New Jersy 07033-0539, USA
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36
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Shih NY, Soesilo I, Floyd-Smith G. Stabilization of invariant chain mRNA by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate is blocked by IFN-gamma in a murine B lymphoma cell line. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1997; 17:747-55. [PMID: 9452362 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1997.17.747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) increased steady-state levels of mRNA encoding the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen I-A beta and the class II antigen-associated invariant chain (Ii, CD74) in A20 B lymphoma cells and in normal mouse B cells. The increase in Ii mRNA levels appeared to be due to a slight increase in the rate of gene transcription and an increase in the stability of Ii mRNA. The half-life of Ii mRNA increased from 12 h to >24 h following treatment with TPA, as determined by Northern blot analysis following actinomycin D treatment or by the [3H]-uridine pulse-chase method. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), which has been well characterized as a cytokine that induces class II antigens and the Ii, increased Ii expression slightly in A20 cells. However, cotreatment of cells with TPA and IFN-gamma resulted in a block in the TPA-induced increase in Ii expression. Transcription of the Ii gene was minimally affected following treatment with IFN-gamma alone, and cells treated with both TPA and IFN-gamma had the same transcription rate as the control cells. IFN-gamma did, however, block stabilization of Ii mRNA by TPA. Activation of PKC by TPA, which was previously shown to lead to membrane translocation and downregulation, was not inhibited by IFN-gamma. Therefore, IFN-gamma appeared to block a downstream signal transduction pathway activated by PKC that controls stability of Ii mRNA.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Enzyme Activation
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/therapeutic use
- Isoenzymes/drug effects
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Protein Kinase C/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
- Transcription, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Shih
- Department of Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-1501, USA
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37
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Shih NY, Floyd-Smith G. Protein kinase C-delta mRNA is down-regulated transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:16040-6. [PMID: 8663197 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.27.16040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of protein kinase C-delta (PKC-delta) by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is followed by a gradual decrease in detectable protein 12-24 h later in the mouse B lymphoma cell line A20. Down-regulation is associated with TPA-induced proteolysis and a 50-86% decrease in PKC-delta mRNA 0.5-24 h post-treatment which is due to both a 50% decrease in transcription and accelerated degradation of PKC-delta mRNA as determined using the pulse-chase method. Destabilization of PKC-delta mRNA is also observed when actinomycin D is added to cells pretreated with TPA for 2 h; however, addition of actinomycin D or cycloheximide prior to TPA treatment blocks destabilization. Addition of PKC inhibitors to TPA-treated cells also blocks destabilization of PKC-delta mRNA. Cells treated with TPA for 4 h contain an activity not found in control cells which destabilizes PKC-delta mRNA but not glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA in vitro. Addition of TPA to control extracts fails to increase degradation of PKC-delta mRNA in vitro, suggesting that treatment of intact cells is required to induce the synthesis of a factor(s) that destabilizes PKC-delta mRNA. This factor(s) then acts along with transcriptional and post-translational regulatory mechanisms to down-regulate PKC-delta.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Shih
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1501, USA
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38
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Shih NY, Floyd-Smith G. Invariant chain (CD74) gene regulation: enhanced expression associated with activation of protein kinase C delta in a murine B lymphoma cell line. Mol Immunol 1995; 32:643-50. [PMID: 7643856 DOI: 10.1016/0161-5890(95)00029-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The invariant chain (Ii, CD74) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is transiently associated with the MHC class II antigens in the endoplasmic reticulum and in endocytic vesicles. An activator of protein kinase C (PKC), 12-O-tetradecanoyl-1,2-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA), was found to enhance expression of Ii mRNA in the murine B lymphoma cell line, A20, 6-48 hr following treatment. In contrast, TPA did not induce the Ii in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. TPA addition to either cell line activated PKC. Pretreatment of A20 cells with the PKC inhibitors, staurosporine or chelerythrine chloride, for 5 or 20 min prior to addition of TPA, decreased Ii mRNA levels when compared to cells treated with TPA alone. A 20 min preincubation with the highly specific PKC inhibitor, calphostin C, completely blocked the TPA enhanced expression of the Ii suggesting that activation of PKC was responsible for TPA increased Ii mRNA levels. IFN-gamma also blocked the TPA increased Ii mRNA levels. Constitutive expression of Ii mRNA was decreased by treatment with staurosporine but not chelerythrine chloride or calphostin C, suggesting that non-PKC protein kinases may also be important for maintaining high levels of Ii mRNA in these cells. Western blot analysis using PKC isotype specific antibodies showed that A20 cells express PKC delta abundantly whereas NIH 3T3 cells express primarily PKC alpha. These data suggest that a PKC delta mediated signal transduction pathway plays a crucial role in up-regulation of the Ii.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Shih
- Department of Zoology, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287, USA
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Shih NY, Lupo AT, Aslanian R, Orlando S, Piwinski JJ, Green MJ, Ganguly AK, Clark MA, Tozzi S, Kreutner W. A novel pyrrolidine analog of histamine as a potent, highly selective histamine H3 receptor agonist. J Med Chem 1995; 38:1593-9. [PMID: 7752184 DOI: 10.1021/jm00010a003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Employing classical conformational analysis on a known H3 agonist, (R)-alpha-methylhistamine (1), a series of conformationally constrained H3 agonists were proposed and synthesized. Pyrrolidine (+/-)-4a, a compound proposed to mimic the anti-conformation of (R)-alpha-methylhistamine (1), was found to be a potent and selective H3 agonist. The pyrrolidine (+/-)-4a was resolved, and its (+) enantiomer, immepyr [(+)-4a], showed a greater separation of H3 and H1 activities in vivo (H3/H1 ratio >> 550) than (R)-alpha-methylhistamine (1) (H3/H1 ratio = 17), the standard H3 agonist. In fact, no evidence of H1 activity was detected at doses of immepyr [(+)-4a] as high as 100 mg/kg i.v. This pyrrolidine, immepyr [(2R,3S)-(+)-4a], represents, to our knowledge, the first reported cyclic, conformationally restricted analog of histamine to possess selective in vivo H3 agonist activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Shih
- Department of Chemical Research, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033-0539, USA
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West RE, Zweig A, Shih NY, Siegel MI, Egan RW, Clark MA. Identification of two H3-histamine receptor subtypes. Mol Pharmacol 1990; 38:610-3. [PMID: 2172771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The H3-histamine receptor provides feedback inhibition of histamine synthesis and release as well as inhibition of other neurotransmitter release. We have characterized this receptor by radioligand binding studies with the H3 agonist N alpha-[3H]methylhistamine ([3H]NAMHA). The results of [3H]NAMHA saturation binding and NAMHA inhibition of [3H]NAMHA binding were consistent with an apparently single class of receptors (KD = 0.37 nM, Bmax = 73 fmol/mg of protein) and competition assays with other agonists and the antagonists impromidine and dimaprit disclosed only a single class of sites. In contrast, inhibition of [3H]NAMHA binding by the specific high affinity H3 antagonist thioperamide revealed two classes of sites (KiA = 5 nM, BmaxA = 30 fmol/mg of protein; KiB = 68 nM, BmaxB = 48 fmol/mg of protein). Burimamide, another antagonist that, like thioperamide, contains a thiourea group, likewise discriminated between two classes of sites. In addition to differences between some antagonist potencies for the two receptors, there is a differential guanine nucleotide sensitivity of the two. The affinity of the H3A receptor for [3H] NAMHA was reduced less than 2-fold, whereas [3H]NAMHA binding to the H3B receptor was undetectable in the presence of guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate). The distinction between H3A and H3B receptor subtypes, the former a high affinity and the latter a low affinity thioperamide site, draws support from published in vitro data.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E West
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Schering-Plough Research, Bloomfield, New Jersey 07003
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Korte A, Myers J, Shih NY, Egan RW, Clark MA. Characterization and tissue distribution of H3 histamine receptors in guinea pigs by N alpha-methylhistamine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1990; 168:979-86. [PMID: 2161226 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(90)91125-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We have used [3H]N alpha-methylhistamine to characterize H3-binding in the guinea pig brain and to study its tissue distribution. Kinetic and equilibrium binding experiments indicate a single class of high affinity sites in membranes isolated from guinea pig brain tissue (Kd = 0.4 nM, Bmax = 41 fmol/mg of protein). Competition binding experiments have confirmed that this ligand associates with H3-receptors and, under the conditions used in these experiments, does not bind to H1- or H2-receptors. Although there was some binding in the ileum and large intestine, H3-binding was found primarily in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Korte
- Schering-Plough Research, Department of Allergy and Immunology, Bloomfield, New Jersey 07003
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