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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Yu H, Ma Y, Li Z, Shi N. Recent Advances of Cell-Penetrating Peptides and Their Application as Vectors for Delivery of Peptide and Protein-Based Cargo Molecules. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2093. [PMID: 37631307 PMCID: PMC10459450 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides and proteins, two important classes of biomacromolecules, play important roles in the biopharmaceuticals field. As compared with traditional drugs based on small molecules, peptide- and protein-based drugs offer several advantages, although most cannot traverse the cell membrane, a natural barrier that prevents biomacromolecules from directly entering cells. However, drug delivery via cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) is increasingly replacing traditional approaches that mediate biomacromolecular cellular uptake, due to CPPs' superior safety and efficiency as drug delivery vehicles. In this review, we describe the discovery of CPPs, recent developments in CPP design, and recent advances in CPP applications for enhanced cellular delivery of peptide- and protein-based drugs. First, we discuss the discovery of natural CPPs in snake, bee, and spider venom. Second, we describe several synthetic types of CPPs, such as cyclic CPPs, glycosylated CPPs, and D-form CPPs. Finally, we summarize and discuss cell membrane permeability characteristics and therapeutic applications of different CPPs when used as vehicles to deliver peptides and proteins to cells, as assessed using various preclinical disease models. Ultimately, this review provides an overview of recent advances in CPP development with relevance to applications related to the therapeutic delivery of biomacromolecular drugs to alleviate diverse diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Chuang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Huan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yinghui Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Zhengqiang Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Nianqiu Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.M.)
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
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2
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Tryptophan, more than just an interfacial amino acid in the membrane activity of cationic cell-penetrating and antimicrobial peptides. Q Rev Biophys 2022; 55:e10. [PMID: 35979810 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583522000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Trp is unique among the amino acids since it is involved in many different types of noncovalent interactions such as electrostatic and hydrophobic ones, but also in π-π, π-cation, π-anion and π-ion pair interactions. In membranotropic peptides and proteins, Trp locates preferentially at the water-membrane interface. In antimicrobial or cell-penetrating peptides (AMPs and CPPs respectively), Trp is well-known for its strong role in the capacity of these peptides to interact and affect the membrane organisation of both bacteria and animal cells at the level of the lipid bilayer. This essential amino acid can however be involved in other types of interactions, not only with lipids, but also with other membrane partners, that are crucial to understand the functional roles of membranotropic peptides. This review is focused on this latter less known role of Trp and describes in details, both in qualitative and quantitative ways: (i) the physico-chemical properties of Trp; (ii) its effect in CPP internalisation; (iii) its importance in AMP activity; (iv) its role in the interaction of AMPs with glycoconjugates or lipids in bacteria membranes and the consequences on the activity of the peptides; (v) its role in the interaction of CPPs with negatively charged polysaccharides or lipids of animal membranes and the consequences on the activity of the peptides. We intend to bring highlights of the physico-chemical properties of Trp and describe its extensive possibilities of interactions, not only at the well-known level of the lipid bilayer, but with other less considered cell membrane components, such as carbohydrates and the extracellular matrix. The focus on these interactions will allow the reader to reevaluate reported studies. Altogether, our review gathers dedicated studies to show how unique are Trp properties, which should be taken into account to design future membranotropic peptides with expected antimicrobial or cell-penetrating activity.
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3
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Abstract
We here describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of glycan shields for cell penetrating peptides. A new benzyl alkoxyamine connector was employed for the coupling of two saccharides units in the lateral side chain of individual amino acids in a peptide sequence. The oxyme bond formation with the corresponding glycan aldehydes allowed the preparation of highly glycosylated penetrating peptides with a minimal synthetic effort. Surprisingly, it was found that a four to six saccharide substitution did not decrease uptake efficiency in cells, whereas it significantly improved the toxicity profile of the penetrating peptide. In particular, glucose substitution was confirmed as an optimal glycan shield that showed an excellent in vitro uptake and intracellular localization as well as a superior in vivo biodistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Gallego
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Javier Montenegro
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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4
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Laroui N, Coste M, Su D, Ali LMA, Bessin Y, Barboiu M, Gary-Bobo M, Bettache N, Ulrich S. Cell-Selective siRNA Delivery Using Glycosylated Dynamic Covalent Polymers Self-Assembled In Situ by RNA Templating. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5783-5787. [PMID: 33289957 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent libraries enable exploring complex chemical systems from which bioactive assemblies can adaptively emerge through template effects. In this work, we studied dynamic covalent libraries made of complementary bifunctional cationic peptides, yielding a diversity of species from macrocycles to polymers. Although polymers are typically expressed only at high concentration, we found that siRNA acts as a template in the formation of dynamic covalent polymers at low concentration in a process guided by electrostatic binding. Using a glycosylated building block, we were able to show that this templated polymerization further translates into the multivalent presentation of carbohydrate ligands, which subsequently promotes cell uptake and even cell-selective siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Laroui
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Maëva Coste
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Dandan Su
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.,Institut Européen des Membranes, Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC 047, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Lamiaa M A Ali
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, 21561, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yannick Bessin
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Institut Européen des Membranes, Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC 047, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Magali Gary-Bobo
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nadir Bettache
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Ulrich
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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5
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Laroui N, Coste M, Su D, Ali LMA, Bessin Y, Barboiu M, Gary‐Bobo M, Bettache N, Ulrich S. Cell‐Selective siRNA Delivery Using Glycosylated Dynamic Covalent Polymers Self‐Assembled In Situ by RNA Templating. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Laroui
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Maëva Coste
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Dandan Su
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM Montpellier France
- Institut Européen des Membranes Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group Université de Montpellier ENSCM CNRS Place Eugène Bataillon, CC 047 34095 Montpellier France
| | - Lamiaa M. A. Ali
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM Montpellier France
- Department of Biochemistry Medical Research Institute University of Alexandria 21561 Alexandria Egypt
| | - Yannick Bessin
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Institut Européen des Membranes Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group Université de Montpellier ENSCM CNRS Place Eugène Bataillon, CC 047 34095 Montpellier France
| | - Magali Gary‐Bobo
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Nadir Bettache
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Sébastien Ulrich
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM Montpellier France
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6
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Gallego I, Rioboo A, Reina JJ, Díaz B, Canales Á, Cañada FJ, Guerra‐Varela J, Sánchez L, Montenegro J. Glycosylated Cell‐Penetrating Peptides (GCPPs). Chembiochem 2019; 20:1400-1409. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Gallego
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e, Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS)Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela Campus Vida 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Alicia Rioboo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e, Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS)Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela Campus Vida 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - José J. Reina
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e, Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS)Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela Campus Vida 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Bernardo Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB) del CSIC C/Ramiro de Maetzu 9, CP 28040 Madrid Spain
- Departamento de Biología Estructural y QuímicaFac. Ciencias Químicas Univ. Complutense de Madrid Avd/ Complutense s/n, CP Madrid Spain
| | - Ángeles Canales
- Departamento de Biología Estructural y QuímicaFac. Ciencias Químicas Univ. Complutense de Madrid Avd/ Complutense s/n, CP Madrid Spain
| | - F. Javier Cañada
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB) del CSIC C/Ramiro de Maetzu 9, CP 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Jorge Guerra‐Varela
- Departamento de Zooloxía, Xenética e Antropoloxía FísicaFacultade de Veterinaria Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 27002 Lugo Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez
- Departamento de Zooloxía, Xenética e Antropoloxía FísicaFacultade de Veterinaria Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 27002 Lugo Spain
| | - Javier Montenegro
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e, Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS)Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela Campus Vida 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
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7
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Juanes M, Lostalé-Seijo I, Granja JR, Montenegro J. Supramolecular Recognition and Selective Protein Uptake by Peptide Hybrids. Chemistry 2018; 24:10689-10698. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Juanes
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e, Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS); Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Irene Lostalé-Seijo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e, Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS); Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Juan R. Granja
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e, Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS); Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Javier Montenegro
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e, Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS); Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
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8
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Morelli P, Bartolami E, Sakai N, Matile S. Glycosylated Cell‐Penetrating Poly(disulfide)s: Multifunctional Cellular Uptake at High Solubility. Helv Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201700266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Morelli
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 CH‐1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Eline Bartolami
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 CH‐1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 CH‐1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 CH‐1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
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9
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Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Design Strategies beyond Primary Structure and Amphipathicity. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111929. [PMID: 29117144 PMCID: PMC6150340 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient intracellular drug delivery and target specificity are often hampered by the presence of biological barriers. Thus, compounds that efficiently cross cell membranes are the key to improving the therapeutic value and on-target specificity of non-permeable drugs. The discovery of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and the early design approaches through mimicking the natural penetration domains used by viruses have led to greater efficiency of intracellular delivery. Following these nature-inspired examples, a number of rationally designed CPPs has been developed. In this review, a variety of CPP designs will be described, including linear and flexible, positively charged and often amphipathic CPPs, and more rigid versions comprising cyclic, stapled, or dimeric and/or multivalent, self-assembled peptides or peptido-mimetics. The application of distinct design strategies to known physico-chemical properties of CPPs offers the opportunity to improve their penetration efficiency and/or internalization kinetics. This led to increased design complexity of new CPPs that does not always result in greater CPP activity. Therefore, the transition of CPPs to a clinical setting remains a challenge also due to the concomitant involvement of various internalization routes and heterogeneity of cells used in the in vitro studies.
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10
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Gok O, Erturk P, Sumer Bolu B, Gevrek TN, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Dendrons and Multiarm Polymers with Thiol-Exchangeable Cores: A Reversible Conjugation Platform for Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2017. [PMID: 28648044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Disulfide exchange reaction has emerged as a powerful tool for reversible conjugation of proteins, peptides and thiol containing molecules to polymeric supports. In particular, the pyridyl disulfide group provides an efficient handle for the site-specific conjugation of therapeutic peptides and proteins bearing cysteine moieties. In this study, novel biodegradable dendritic platforms containing a pyridyl disulfide unit at their focal point were designed. Presence of hydroxyl groups at the periphery of these dendrons allows their elaboration to multivalent initiators that yield poly(ethylene glycol) based multiarm star polymers via controlled radical polymerization. The pyridyl disulfide unit at the core of these star polymers undergoes efficient reaction with thiol functional group containing molecules such as a hydrophobic dye, namely, Bodipy-SH, glutathione, and KLAK sequence containing peptide. While conjugation of the hydrophobic fluorescent dye to the PEG-based multiarm polymer renders it water-soluble, it can be cleaved off the construct through thiol-disulfide exchange in the presence of an external thiol such as dithiothreitol. The multiarm polymer was conjugated with a thiol group containing apoptotic peptide to increase its solubility and cellular transport. In vitro cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays demonstrated that the resultant peptide-polymer conjugate had almost five times more apoptotic potential primarily through triggering apoptosis by disrupting mitochondrial membranes of human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) compared to naked peptide. The novel dendritic platform disclosed here offers an attractive template that can be modified to multiarm polymeric constructs bearing a "tag and release" characteristic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgul Gok
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University , Bebek 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pelin Erturk
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University , Bebek 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Sumer Bolu
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University , Bebek 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugce Nihal Gevrek
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University , Bebek 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University , Bebek 34342, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University , Bebek 34342, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University , Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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A Synthetic Strategy for Conjugation of Paromomycin to Cell-Penetrating Tat(48-60) for Delivery and Visualization into Leishmania Parasites. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDES 2017; 2017:4213037. [PMID: 28286529 PMCID: PMC5329690 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4213037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A successful approach to deliver paromomycin, a poorly absorbed aminoglycoside antibiotic, to parasite cells is reported, based on selective protection of amino and hydroxyl groups followed by conjugation to a fluorolabeled, PEG-functionalized cell-penetrating Tat(48-60) peptide. The resulting construct is efficiently internalized into Leishmania cells, evidencing the fitness of cell-penetrating peptides as vectors for efficiently transporting low-bioavailability drugs into cells.
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12
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In silico study of peptide inhibitors against BACE 1. SYSTEMS AND SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY 2015; 9:67-72. [PMID: 25972990 DOI: 10.1007/s11693-015-9169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are increasingly used as inhibitors of various disease specific targets. Several naturally occurring and synthetically developed peptides are undergoing clinical trials. Our work explores the possibility of reusing the non-expressing DNA sequences to predict potential drug-target specific peptides. Recently, we experimentally demonstrated the artificial synthesis of novel proteins from non-coding regions of Escherichia coli genome. In this study, a library of synthetic peptides (Synpeps) was constructed from 2500 intergenic E. coli sequences and screened against Beta-secretase 1 protein, a known drug target for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Secondary and tertiary protein structure predictions followed by protein-protein docking studies were performed to identify the most promising enzyme inhibitors. Interacting residues and favorable binding poses of lead peptide inhibitors were studied. Though initial results are encouraging, experimental validation is required in future to develop efficient target specific inhibitors against AD.
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13
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2009-2010. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:268-422. [PMID: 24863367 PMCID: PMC7168572 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is the sixth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2010. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, arrays and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural typed constitutes the remainder. The main groups of compound that are discussed in this section are oligo and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Many of these applications are presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Harvey
- Department of BiochemistryOxford Glycobiology InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3QUUK
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14
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Auberger N, Pisa MD, Larregola M, Chassaing G, Peroni E, Lavielle S, Papini AM, Lequin O, Mallet JM. Glaser oxidative coupling on peptides: Stabilization of β-turn structure via a 1,3-butadiyne constraint. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:6924-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Su H, Chen G, Gangadharmath U, Gomez LF, Liang Q, Mu F, Mocharla VP, Szardenings AK, Walsh JC, Xia CF, Yu C, Kolb HC. Evaluation of [(18)F]-CP18 as a PET imaging tracer for apoptosis. Mol Imaging Biol 2014; 15:739-47. [PMID: 23681757 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-013-0644-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We identified and validated [(18)F]-CP18, a DEVD (the caspase 3 substrate recognition motif) containing substrate-based compound as an imaging tracer for caspase-3 activity in apoptotic cells. PROCEDURES CP18 was radiolabeled with fluorine-18 using click chemistry. The affinity and selectivity of CP18 for caspase-3 were evaluated in vitro. The biodistribution and metabolism pattern of [(18)F]-CP18 were assessed in vivo. [(18)F]-CP18 positron emission tomography (PET) scans were performed in a dexamethasone-induced thymic apoptosis mouse model. After imaging, the mice were sacrificed, and individual organs were collected, measured in a gamma counter, and tested for caspase-3 activity. RESULTS In vitro enzymatic caspase-3 assay demonstrated specific cleavage of CP18. In vivo, [(18)F]-CP18 is predominantly cleared through the kidneys and urine, and is rapidly eliminated from the bloodstream. There was a sixfold increase in caspase activity and a fourfold increase of [(18)F]-CP18 retention in the dexamethasone-induced thymus of treated versus control mice. CONCLUSIONS We report the use [(18)F]-CP18 as a PET tracer for imaging apoptosis. Our data support further development of this tracer for clinical PET applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Su
- Molecular Imaging Biomarker Research, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc, 6100 Bristol Parkway, Culver City, CA, 90230, USA
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16
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de la Torre BG, Hornillos V, Luque-Ortega JR, Abengózar MA, Amat-Guerri F, Acuña AU, Rivas L, Andreu D. A BODIPY-embedding miltefosine analog linked to cell-penetrating Tat(48-60) peptide favors intracellular delivery and visualization of the antiparasitic drug. Amino Acids 2014; 46:1047-58. [PMID: 24445871 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic application of many drugs is often hampered by poor or denied access to intracellular targets. A case in point is miltefosine (MT), an orally active antiparasitic drug, which becomes ineffective when parasites develop dysfunctional uptake systems. We report here the synthesis of a fluorescent BODIPY-embedding MT analogue with appropriate thiol functionalization allowing linkage to the cell-penetrating Tat(48-60) peptide through disulfide or thioether linkages. The resulting constructs are efficiently internalized into the otherwise MT-invulnerable R40 Leishmania strain, resulting in fast parasite killing, and hence successful avoidance of the resistance. In the disulfide-linked conjugate, an additional fluoro tag on the Tat moiety allows to monitor its reductive cleavage within the cytoplasm. Terminally differentiated cells such as peritoneal macrophages, impervious to MT unless infected by Leishmania, can uptake the drug in its Tat-conjugated form. The results afford proof-of-principle for using CPP vectors to avert drug resistance in parasites, and/or for tackling leishmaniasis by modulating macrophage uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz G de la Torre
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
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Li H, Aneja R, Chaiken I. Click chemistry in peptide-based drug design. Molecules 2013; 18:9797-817. [PMID: 23959192 PMCID: PMC4155329 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18089797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Click chemistry is an efficient and chemoselective synthetic method for coupling molecular fragments under mild reaction conditions. Since the advent in 2001 of methods to improve stereochemical conservation, the click chemistry approach has been broadly used to construct diverse chemotypes in both chemical and biological fields. In this review, we discuss the application of click chemistry in peptide-based drug design. We highlight how triazoles formed by click reactions have been used for mimicking peptide and disulfide bonds, building secondary structural components of peptides, linking functional groups together, and bioconjugation. The progress made in this field opens the way for synthetic approaches to convert peptides with promising functional leads into structure-minimized and more stable forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, 245 N 15th Street, New College Building, Room 11102, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
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18
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Jones AT, Sayers EJ. Cell entry of cell penetrating peptides: tales of tails wagging dogs. J Control Release 2012; 161:582-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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19
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Baccile JA, Morrell MA, Falotico RM, Milliken BT, Drew DL, Rossi FM. Modular synthesis of photocleavable peptides using click chemistry. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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20
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Cellular uptake and biophysical properties of galactose and/or tryptophan containing cell-penetrating peptides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:448-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Papadopoulou LC, Tsiftsoglou AS. Transduction of human recombinant proteins into mitochondria as a protein therapeutic approach for mitochondrial disorders. Pharm Res 2011; 28:2639-56. [PMID: 21874377 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein therapy is considered an alternative approach to gene therapy for treatment of genetic-metabolic disorders. Human protein therapeutics (PTs), developed via recombinant DNA technology and used for the treatment of these illnesses, act upon membrane-bound receptors to achieve their pharmacological response. On the contrary, proteins that normally act inside the cells cannot be developed as PTs in the conventional way, since they are not able to "cross" the plasma membrane. Furthermore, in mitochondrial disorders, attributed either to depleted or malfunctioned mitochondrial proteins, PTs should also have to reach the subcellular mitochondria to exert their therapeutic potential. Nowadays, there is no effective therapy for mitochondrial disorders. The development of PTs, however, via the Protein Transduction Domain (PTD) technology offered new opportunities for the deliberate delivery of human recombinant proteins inside eukaryotic subcellular organelles. To this end, mitochondrial disorders could be clinically encountered with the delivery of human mitochondrial proteins (engineered via recombinant DNA and PTD technologies) at specific intramitochondrial sites to exert their function. Overall, PTD-mediated Protein Replacement Therapy emerges as a suitable model system for the therapeutic approach for mitochondrial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lefkothea C Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR54124, Macedonia, Greece.
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