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Boshra MH, El-Housseiny GS, Farag MMS, Aboshanab KM. Innovative approaches for mycotoxin detection in various food categories. AMB Express 2024; 14:7. [PMID: 38216801 PMCID: PMC10786816 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01662-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins (MTs), produced by filamentous fungi, represent a severe hazard to the health of humans and food safety, affecting the quality of various agricultural products. They can contaminate a wide range of foods, during any processing phase before or after harvest. Animals and humans who consume MTs-contaminated food or feed may experience acute or chronic poisoning, which may result in serious pathological consequences. Accordingly, developing rapid, easy, and accurate methods of MTs detection in food becomes highly urgent and critical as a quality control and to guarantee food safety and lower health hazards. In this review, we highlighted and discussed innovative approaches like biosensors, fluorescent polarization, capillary electrophoresis, infrared spectroscopy, and electronic noses for MT identification pointing out current challenges and future directions. The limitations, current challenges, and future directions of conventional detection methods versus innovative methods have also been highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina H Boshra
- Department of Mycotoxins, Central Public Health Laboratories (CPHL), Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghadir S El-Housseiny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Organization of African Unity St., Ain Shams University, Abbassia, PO: 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M S Farag
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
- Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Aboshanab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Organization of African Unity St., Ain Shams University, Abbassia, PO: 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
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2
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Ciaccheri L, De Girolamo A, Cervellieri S, Lippolis V, Mencaglia AA, Pascale M, Mignani AG. Low-Cost Pocket Fluorometer and Chemometric Tools for Green and Rapid Screening of Deoxynivalenol in Durum Wheat Bran. Molecules 2023; 28:7808. [PMID: 38067538 PMCID: PMC10708224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereal crops are frequently contaminated by deoxynivalenol (DON), a harmful type of mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium species fungi. The early detection of mycotoxin contamination is crucial for ensuring safety and quality of food and feed products, for preventing health risks and for avoiding economic losses because of product rejection or costly mycotoxin removal. A LED-based pocket-size fluorometer is presented that allows a rapid and low-cost screening of DON-contaminated durum wheat bran samples, without using chemicals or product handling. Forty-two samples with DON contamination in the 40-1650 µg/kg range were considered. A chemometric processing of spectroscopic data allowed distinguishing of samples based on their DON content using a cut-off level set at 400 µg/kg DON. Although much lower than the EU limit of 750 µg/kg for wheat bran, this cut-off limit was considered useful whether accepting the sample as safe or implying further inspection by means of more accurate but also more expensive standard analytical techniques. Chemometric data processing using Principal Component Analysis and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis demonstrated a classification rate of 79% in cross-validation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a pocket-size fluorometer was used for DON screening of wheat bran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Ciaccheri
- CNR—Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara” (IFAC), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (A.A.M.); (A.G.M.)
| | - Annalisa De Girolamo
- CNR—Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari (ISPA), Via G. Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (S.C.); (V.L.)
| | - Salvatore Cervellieri
- CNR—Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari (ISPA), Via G. Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (S.C.); (V.L.)
| | - Vincenzo Lippolis
- CNR—Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari (ISPA), Via G. Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (S.C.); (V.L.)
| | - Andrea Azelio Mencaglia
- CNR—Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara” (IFAC), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (A.A.M.); (A.G.M.)
| | - Michelangelo Pascale
- CNR—Istituto di Scienze dell’Alimentazione (ISA), Via Roma, 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy;
| | - Anna Grazia Mignani
- CNR—Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara” (IFAC), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (A.A.M.); (A.G.M.)
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3
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Nešić K, Habschied K, Mastanjević K. Modified Mycotoxins and Multitoxin Contamination of Food and Feed as Major Analytical Challenges. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:511. [PMID: 37624268 PMCID: PMC10467123 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15080511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins, as natural products of molds, are often unavoidable contaminants of food and feed, to which the increasingly evident climate changes contribute a large part. The consequences are more or less severe and range from economic losses to worrying health problems to a fatal outcome. One of the best preventive approaches is regular monitoring of food and feed for the presence of mycotoxins. However, even under conditions of frequent, comprehensive, and conscientious controls, the desired protection goal may not be achieved. In fact, it often happens that, despite favorable analytical results that do not indicate high mycotoxin contamination, symptoms of their presence occur in practice. The most common reasons for this are the simultaneous presence of several different mycotoxins whose individual content does not exceed the detectable or prescribed values and/or the alteration of the form of the mycotoxin, which renders it impossible to be analytically determined using routine methods. When such contaminated foods enter a living organism, toxic effects occur. This article aims to shed light on the above problems in order to pay more attention to them, work to reduce their impact, and, eventually, overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Nešić
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Food and Feed Department, Smolućska 11, 11070 Beograd, Serbia
| | - Kristina Habschied
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Krešimir Mastanjević
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
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4
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Macri AM, Nagy AL, Daina S, Toma D, Pop ID, Nadăș GC, Cătoi AF. Occurrence of Types A and B Trichothecenes in Cereal Products Sold in Romanian Markets. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:466. [PMID: 37505735 PMCID: PMC10467109 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of the frequent occurrences of mycotoxins in cereals, this study assessed the presence of trichothecenes in 121 samples from Romanian markets. These samples were divided into five groups based on product type: (1) bread and bakery products containing white flour, (2) half-brown bread with whole wheat flour, (3) brown bread containing rye flour, (4) pasta, and (5) raw wheat. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry was used to detect 13 different mycotoxins, which included the Type A compounds HT-2 toxin and T-2 toxin, as well as the Type B compounds deoxynivalenol and nivalenol. Results indicated trichothecene contamination in 90.08% of our samples, with deoxynivalenol predominating by at least 78% in each examined group. Co-occurrence of three or four trichothecenes were found in 23.85% of our samples. Our study underscores the necessity of consistent monitoring of staple foods to prevent the intake of harmful trichothecenes by consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Maximilian Macri
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Andras-Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis;
- Department of Veterinary Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sorana Daina
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Diana Toma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Delia Pop
- Department of Land Measurements and Exact Sciences, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - George Cosmin Nadăș
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adriana Florinela Cătoi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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5
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Duan N, Li C, Song M, Ren K, Wang Z, Wu S. Deoxynivalenol fluorescence aptasensor based on AuCu bimetallic nanoclusters and MoS 2. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:296. [PMID: 35900604 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05385-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers against deoxynivalenol (DON) were selected through capture-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment. Through isothermal titration calorimetry and fluorimetric assay, aptamer candidate DN-2 demonstrated good affinity to DON with Kd value of 40.36 ± 6.32 nM. Accordingly, a Forster resonance energy transfer aptasensor was fabricated by using the aptamer DN-2 combined with AuCu bimetallic nanoclusters as energy donor and MoS2 nanosheets as energy acceptor. Under the optimal conditions, the fluorescence response was utilized for DON quantitative determination ranging from 5 to 100 ng/mL with a detection limit of 1.87 ng/mL. The practical application of this method was verified in maize flour samples and demonstrated a satisfied recovery of 94.6 ~ 103.1%. The obtained aptamers and their application in DON determination provide a new tool for DON monitoring in various foodstuff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuo Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Changxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Mingqian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Kexin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhouping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory On Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Shijia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- International Joint Laboratory On Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Janik E, Niemcewicz M, Podogrocki M, Ceremuga M, Gorniak L, Stela M, Bijak M. The Existing Methods and Novel Approaches in Mycotoxins' Detection. Molecules 2021; 26:3981. [PMID: 34210086 PMCID: PMC8271920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins represent a wide range of secondary, naturally occurring and practically unavoidable fungal metabolites. They contaminate various agricultural commodities like cereals, maize, peanuts, fruits, and feed at any stage in pre- or post-harvest conditions. Consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated food and feed can cause acute or chronic toxicity in human and animals. The risk that is posed to public health have prompted the need to develop methods of analysis and detection of mycotoxins in food products. Mycotoxins wide range of structural diversity, high chemical stability, and low concentrations in tested samples require robust, effective, and comprehensible detection methods. This review summarizes current methods, such as chromatographic and immunochemical techniques, as well as novel, alternative approaches like biosensors, electronic noses, or molecularly imprinted polymers that have been successfully applied in detection and identification of various mycotoxins in food commodities. In order to highlight the significance of sampling and sample treatment in the analytical process, these steps have been comprehensively described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Janik
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (E.J.); (M.N.); (M.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Marcin Niemcewicz
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (E.J.); (M.N.); (M.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Marcin Podogrocki
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (E.J.); (M.N.); (M.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Michal Ceremuga
- Military Institute of Armament Technology, Prymasa Stefana Wyszyńskiego 7, 05-220 Zielonka, Poland;
| | - Leslaw Gorniak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (E.J.); (M.N.); (M.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Maksymilian Stela
- CBRN Reconnaissance and Decontamination Department, Military Institute of Chemistry and Radiometry, Antoniego Chrusciela “Montera” 105, 00-910 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Michal Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (E.J.); (M.N.); (M.P.); (L.G.)
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7
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Anastasiadis V, Raptis I, Economou A, Kakabakos SE, Petrou PS. Fast Deoxynivalenol Determination in Cereals Using a White Light Reflectance Spectroscopy Immunosensor. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10110154. [PMID: 33113758 PMCID: PMC7692517 DOI: 10.3390/bios10110154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by certain Fusarium species and found in a high percentage of wheat and maize grains cultured worldwide. Although not so toxic as other mycotoxins, it exhibits both chronic and acute toxicity, and therefore methods for its fast and accurate on-site determination are highly desirable. In the current work, we employ an optical immunosensor based on White Light Reflectance Spectroscopy (WLRS) for the fast and sensitive immunochemical label-free determination of DON in wheat and maize samples. The assay is completed in 12 min and has a quantification limit of 2.5 ng/mL in buffer corresponding to 125 μg/kg in whole grain which is lower than the maximum allowable concentrations set by the regulatory authorities for grains intended for human consumption. Several extraction protocols have been compared, and the highest recovery (>90%) was achieved employing distilled water. In addition, identical calibration curves were received in buffer and wheat/maize extraction matrix providing the ability to analyze the grain samples using calibrators in buffer. Recoveries of DON from spiked wheat and maize grain samples ranged from 92.0(±4.0) to 105(±4.0)%. The analytical performance of the WLRS immunosensor, combined with the short analysis time and instrument portability, supports its potential for on-site determinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Anastasiadis
- Immunoassays-Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Safety & Energy, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (V.A.); (S.E.K.)
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Zografou, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Raptis
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece;
- ThetaMetrisis S.A., 12132 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Economou
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Zografou, Greece;
| | - Sotirios E. Kakabakos
- Immunoassays-Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Safety & Energy, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (V.A.); (S.E.K.)
| | - Panagiota S. Petrou
- Immunoassays-Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Safety & Energy, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (V.A.); (S.E.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2106503819
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Agriopoulou S, Stamatelopoulou E, Varzakas T. Advances in Analysis and Detection of Major Mycotoxins in Foods. Foods 2020; 9:E518. [PMID: 32326063 PMCID: PMC7230321 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are the most widely studied biological toxins, which contaminate foods at very low concentrations. This review describes the emerging extraction techniques and the current and alternatives analytical techniques and methods that have been used to successfully detect and identify important mycotoxins. Some of them have proven to be particularly effective in not only the detection of mycotoxins, but also in detecting mycotoxin-producing fungi. Chromatographic techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with various detectors like fluorescence, diode array, UV, liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, have been powerful tools for analyzing and detecting major mycotoxins. Recent progress of the development of rapid immunoaffinity-based detection techniques such as immunoassays and biosensors, as well as emerging technologies like proteomic and genomic methods, molecular techniques, electronic nose, aggregation-induced emission dye, quantitative NMR and hyperspectral imaging for the detection of mycotoxins in foods, have also been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Theodoros Varzakas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece; (S.A.); (E.S.)
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Yan J, Shi Q, You K, Li Y, He Q. Phage displayed mimotope peptide-based immunosensor for green and ultrasensitive detection of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 168:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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10
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Fluorescence polarization assays for chemical contaminants in food and environmental analyses. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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11
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Nolan P, Auer S, Spehar A, Elliott CT, Campbell K. Current trends in rapid tests for mycotoxins. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:800-814. [PMID: 30943116 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1595171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
There are an ample number of commercial testing kits available for mycotoxin analysis on the market today, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, membrane-based immunoassays, fluorescence polarisation immunoassays and fluorometric assays. It can be observed from the literature that not only are developments and improvements ongoing for these assays but there are also novel assays being developed using biosensor technology. This review focuses on both the currently available methods and recent innovative methods for mycotoxin testing. Furthermore, it highlights trends that are influencing assay developments such as multiplexing capabilities and rapid on-site analysis, indicating the possible detection methods that will shape the future market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philana Nolan
- a Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
| | | | | | - Christopher T Elliott
- a Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
| | - Katrina Campbell
- a Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
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12
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Dual-channel ITO-microfluidic electrochemical immunosensor for simultaneous detection of two mycotoxins. Talanta 2019; 194:709-716. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Lattanzio VMT, von Holst C, Lippolis V, De Girolamo A, Logrieco AF, Mol HGJ, Pascale M. Evaluation of Mycotoxin Screening Tests in a Verification Study Involving First Time Users. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E129. [PMID: 30791649 PMCID: PMC6410077 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(AFB₁) in maize and wheat using LFD and LC-HRMS, respectively. The results of analyses were used to calculate intermediate precision (RSDip, covering the inter-analyst variability in preparing the analytical samples and the precision under repeatability conditions) cut-off values and false suspect rates. RSDip ranged from 6.5% to 30% for DON, and from 16% to 33% for AFB₁. The highest obtained variances were associated with the AFB₁ analyses due to working with much lower mass fractions. The rate of false suspect results were lower than 0.1% for all tested methods. All methods showed a fit-for-purpose method performance profile, which allowed a clear distinction of samples containing the analytes at the screening target concentration (STC) from negative control samples. Moreover, the first time users obtained method performances similar to those obtained for validation studies previously performed on the screening methods included in the training course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica M T Lattanzio
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Christoph von Holst
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2440 Geel, 111 Retieseweg, Belgium.
| | - Vincenzo Lippolis
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Annalisa De Girolamo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Antonio F Logrieco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Hans G J Mol
- RIKILT-Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Michelangelo Pascale
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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Design, synthesis and characterization of tracers and development of a fluorescence polarization immunoassay for the rapid detection of ractopamine in pork. Food Chem 2019; 271:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Lippolis V, Cervellieri S, Damascelli A, Pascale M, Di Gioia A, Longobardi F, De Girolamo A. Rapid prediction of deoxynivalenol contamination in wheat bran by MOS-based electronic nose and characterization of the relevant pattern of volatile compounds. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:4955-4962. [PMID: 29577312 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin, mainly produced by Fusarium sp., most frequently occurring in cereals and cereal-based products. Wheat bran refers to the outer layers of the kernel, which has a high risk of damage due to chemical hazards, including mycotoxins. Rapid methods for DON detection in wheat bran are required. RESULTS A rapid screening method using an electronic nose (e-nose), based on metal oxide semiconductor sensors, has been developed to distinguish wheat bran samples with different levels of DON contamination. A total of 470 naturally contaminated wheat bran samples were analyzed by e-nose analysis. Wheat bran samples were divided in two contamination classes: class A ([DON] ≤ 400 µg kg-1 , 225 samples) and class B ([DON] > 400 µg kg-1 , 245 samples). Discriminant function analysis (DFA) classified wheat bran samples with good mean recognizability in terms of both calibration (92%) and validation (89%). A pattern of 17 volatile compounds of wheat bran samples that were associated (positively or negatively) with DON content was also characterized by HS-SPME/GC-MS. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the e-nose method could be a useful tool for high-throughput screening of DON-contaminated wheat bran samples for their classification as acceptable / rejectable at contamination levels close to the EU maximum limit for DON, reducing the number of samples to be analyzed with a confirmatory method. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Lippolis
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), CNR-National Research Council of Italy, Bari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cervellieri
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), CNR-National Research Council of Italy, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Damascelli
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), CNR-National Research Council of Italy, Bari, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Pascale
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), CNR-National Research Council of Italy, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Di Gioia
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), CNR-National Research Council of Italy, Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa De Girolamo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), CNR-National Research Council of Italy, Bari, Italy
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16
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Determination of Ochratoxin A in Rye and Rye-Based Products by Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9100305. [PMID: 28954398 PMCID: PMC5666352 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9100305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) was optimized and validated for the determination of ochratoxin A (OTA) in rye and rye crispbread. Samples were extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile/water (60:40, v/v) and purified by SPE-aminopropyl column clean-up before performing the FPIA. Overall mean recoveries were 86 and 95% for spiked rye and rye crispbread with relative standard deviations lower than 6%. Limits of detection (LOD) of the optimized FPIA was 0.6 μg/kg for rye and rye crispbread, respectively. Good correlations (r > 0.977) were observed between OTA contents in contaminated samples obtained by FPIA and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with immunoaffinity cleanup used as reference method. Furthermore, single laboratory validation and small-scale collaborative trials were carried out for the determination of OTA in rye according to Regulation 519/2014/EU laying down procedures for the validation of screening methods. The precision profile of the method, cut-off level and rate of false suspect results confirm the satisfactory analytical performances of assay as a screening method. These findings show that the optimized FPIA is suitable for high-throughput screening, and permits reliable quantitative determination of OTA in rye and rye crispbread at levels that fall below the EU regulatory limits.
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17
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Zhang Y, Yang J, Lu Y, Ma DY, Qi MG, Wang S. A competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the rapid detection of deoxynivalenol: development and application in agricultural products and feedstuff. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1306491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Dong-Yue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Mu Ge Qi
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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18
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Advances in Biosensors, Chemosensors and Assays for the Determination of Fusarium Mycotoxins. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8060161. [PMID: 27231937 PMCID: PMC4926128 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8060161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The contaminations of Fusarium mycotoxins in grains and related products, and the exposure in human body are considerable concerns in food safety and human health worldwide. The common Fusarium mycotoxins include fumonisins, T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. For this reason, simple, fast and sensitive analytical techniques are particularly important for the screening and determination of Fusarium mycotoxins. In this review, we outlined the related advances in biosensors, chemosensors and assays based on the classical and novel recognition elements such as antibodies, aptamers and molecularly imprinted polymers. Application to food/feed commodities, limit and time of detection were also discussed.
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19
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Li C, Wen K, Mi T, Zhang X, Zhang H, Zhang S, Shen J, Wang Z. A universal multi-wavelength fluorescence polarization immunoassay for multiplexed detection of mycotoxins in maize. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 79:258-65. [PMID: 26720917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Multi-analyte immunoassays have attracted increasing attention due to their short assay times, low sample consumption, and reduced detection costs per assay. In this work, we describe a homologous and high-throughput multi-wavelength fluorescence polarization immunoassay (MWFPIA) for the multiplexed detection of mycotoxins. Three typical Fusarium mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin and fumonisin B1 (FB1), were labeled with different dyes. Tracers and specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were employed in the MWFPIA to simultaneously detect the three mycotoxins. Under optimal conditions, the limits of detection using MWFPIA were 242.0 μg kg(-1) for DON, 17.8 μg kg(-1) for T-2 toxin and 331.5 μg kg(-1) for FB1, providing sufficient sensitivity to meet the action levels of these three contaminants in maize as set by the European Union. The use of a methanol/water (2:3, v/v) mixture for sample pretreatment allowed recoveries ranging from 76.5-106.3%, with coefficients of variation less than 21.7%. The total time of analysis, including sample preparation, was less than 30 min. Twenty naturally contaminated maize samples were tested using MWFPIA and HPLC-MS/MS, with correlation coefficients (R(2)) of 0.97 for DON and 0.99 for FB1. By changing the targets of interest, homologous MWFPIA, a method with high sensitivity, a simple procedure and a short analysis time, can easily be extended to other chemical contaminants. Thus, MWFPIA represents a versatile strategy for food safety analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiejun Mi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, 712100 Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiya Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Suxia Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China; National Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Residues, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China; National Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Residues, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Turner NW, Bramhmbhatt H, Szabo-Vezse M, Poma A, Coker R, Piletsky SA. Analytical methods for determination of mycotoxins: An update (2009-2014). Anal Chim Acta 2015; 901:12-33. [PMID: 26614054 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are a problematic and toxic group of small organic molecules that are produced as secondary metabolites by several fungal species that colonise crops. They lead to contamination at both the field and postharvest stages of food production with a considerable range of foodstuffs affected, from coffee and cereals, to dried fruit and spices. With wide ranging structural diversity of mycotoxins, severe toxic effects caused by these molecules and their high chemical stability the requirement for robust and effective detection methods is clear. This paper builds on our previous review and summarises the most recent advances in this field, in the years 2009-2014 inclusive. This review summarises traditional methods such as chromatographic and immunochemical techniques, as well as newer approaches such as biosensors, and optical techniques which are becoming more prevalent. A section on sampling and sample treatment has been prepared to highlight the importance of this step in the analytical methods. We close with a look at emerging technologies that will bring effective and rapid analysis out of the laboratory and into the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Turner
- Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.
| | - Heli Bramhmbhatt
- Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Monika Szabo-Vezse
- Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK; Toximet Ltd., ToxiMet Limited, 130 Abbott Drive, Kent Science Park, Sittingbourne, Kent, ME9 8AZ, UK
| | - Alessandro Poma
- Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK; Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Raymond Coker
- Toximet Ltd., ToxiMet Limited, 130 Abbott Drive, Kent Science Park, Sittingbourne, Kent, ME9 8AZ, UK
| | - Sergey A Piletsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
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21
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Urusov AE, Zherdev AV, Petrakova AV, Sadykhov EG, Koroleva OV, Dzantiev BB. Rapid multiple immunoenzyme assay of mycotoxins. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:238-54. [PMID: 25633750 PMCID: PMC4344622 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are low molecular weight fungal metabolites that pose a threat as toxic contaminants of food products, thereby necessitating their effective monitoring and control. Microplate ELISA can be used for this purpose, but this method is characteristically time consuming, with a duration extending to several hours. This report proposes a variant of the ELISA method for the detection and quantification of three mycotoxins, ochratoxin A, aflatoxin B1 and zearalenone, in the kinetic regime. The main requirement for the proposed kinetic protocol was to provide a rapid method that combined sensitivity and accuracy. The use of biotin with an extended spacer together with a streptavidin-polyperoxidase conjugate provided high signal levels, despite these interactions occurring under non-equilibrium conditions. Duration of the individual mycotoxin assays was 20 min, whereas the analysis of all three mycotoxins in parallel reached a maximum duration of 25 min. Recovery of at least 95% mycotoxins in water-organic extracts was shown. The developed assays were successfully validated using poultry processing products and corn samples spiked with known quantities of mycotoxins. The detection limits for aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A and zearalenone in these substances were 0.24, 1.2 and 3 ng/g, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr E Urusov
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Anatoly V Zherdev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alina V Petrakova
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Elchin G Sadykhov
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Olga V Koroleva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Boris B Dzantiev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
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22
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Lippolis V, Maragos C. Fluorescence polarisation immunoassays for rapid, accurate and sensitive determination of mycotoxins. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2014. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2013.1681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence polarisation immunoassay (FPIA) is a type of homogeneous assay. For low molecular weight antigens, such as mycotoxins, it is based on the competition between an unlabeled antigen and its fluorescent-labelled derivative (tracer) for an antigen-specific antibody. The antigen content is determined by measuring the reduction of fluorescence polarisation signal, which in turn is determined by the reduction of tracer molecules able to bind antibody in solution. To develop a competitive FPIA for mycotoxin measurement the tracer has to be synthesised and its binding response with a specific antibody should be tested. Selectivity and sensitivity of the FPIA methods are strictly related to the antibody/tracer combination used. Several FPIA methods for the detection of the major mycotoxins, including aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxins and zearalenone in food and beverages have been developed in the last decade. Basic principles, key elements, advantages and limitations of these methods are reviewed. These FPIA methods are simple, readily automated, rapid, and suitable for high-throughput screening, as well as for the reliable quantitative determination of mycotoxins in foods and commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Lippolis
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - C. Maragos
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
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