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Hoang KNL, Murphy CJ. Adsorption and Molecular Display of a Redox-Active Protein on Gold Nanoparticle Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:15974-15985. [PMID: 37906943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Engineered gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have great potential in many applications due to their tunable optical properties, facile synthesis, and surface functionalization via thiol chemistry. When exposed to a biological environment, NPs are coated with a protein corona that can alter the NPs' biological identity but can also affect the proteins' structures and functions. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is an abundant protein responsible for the disulfide formation and isomerization that contribute to overall cell redox homeostasis and signaling. Given that AuNPs are widely employed in nanomedicine and PDI plays a functional role in various diseases, the interactions between oxidized (oPDI) and reduced (rPDI) with 50 nm citrate-coated AuNPs (AuNPs) are examined in this study using various techniques. Upon incubation, PDI adsorbs to the AuNP surface, which leads to a reduction in its enzymatic activity despite limited changes in secondary structures. Partial enzymatic digestion followed by mass spectrometry analysis shows that orientation of PDI on the NP surface is dependent on both its oxidation state and the PDI:AuNP incubation ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoi Nguyen L Hoang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Catherine J Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Zhang C, Pei Y, Zhang Z, Xu L, Liu X, Jiang L, Pielak GJ, Zhou X, Liu M, Li C. C-terminal truncation modulates α-Synuclein's cytotoxicity and aggregation by promoting the interactions with membrane and chaperone. Commun Biol 2022; 5:798. [PMID: 35945337 PMCID: PMC9363494 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03768-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-syn) is the main protein component of Lewy bodies, the major pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). C-terminally truncated α-syn is found in the brain of PD patients, reduces cell viability and tends to form fibrils. Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the role of C-terminal truncation on the cytotoxicity and aggregation of α-syn. Here, we use nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to show that the truncation alters α-syn conformation, resulting in an attractive interaction of the N-terminus with membranes and molecular chaperone, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). The truncated protein is more toxic to mitochondria than full-length protein and diminishes the effect of PDI on α-syn fibrillation. Our findings reveal a modulatory role for the C-terminus in the cytotoxicity and aggregation of α-syn by interfering with the N-terminus binding to membranes and chaperone, and provide a molecular basis for the pathological role of C-terminal truncation in PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yunshan Pei
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Zeting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430071, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lingling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Gary J Pielak
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Maili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science, 100049, Beijing, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Conggang Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, China.
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science, 100049, Beijing, China.
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430071, Wuhan, China.
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CNS Redox Homeostasis and Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020405. [PMID: 35204286 PMCID: PMC8869494 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A single paragraph of about 200 words maximum. Neurodegenerative diseases (ND), such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, pose a global challenge in the aging population due to the lack of treatments for their cure. Despite various disease-specific clinical symptoms, ND have some fundamental common pathological mechanisms involving oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. The present review focuses on the major causes of central nervous system (CNS) redox homeostasis imbalance comprising mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Mitochondrial disturbances, leading to reduced mitochondrial function and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, are thought to be a major contributor to the pathogenesis of ND. ER dysfunction has been implicated in ND in which protein misfolding evidently causes ER stress. The consequences of ER stress ranges from an increase in ROS production to altered calcium efflux and proinflammatory signaling in glial cells. Both pathological pathways have links to ferroptotic cell death, which has been implicated to play an important role in ND. Pharmacological targeting of these pathological pathways may help alleviate or slow down neurodegeneration.
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Guo Y, Zhang C, Wang C, Huang Y, Liu J, Chu H, Ren X, Kong L, Ma H. Thioredoxin-1 Is a Target to Attenuate Alzheimer-Like Pathology in Diabetic Encephalopathy by Alleviating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Oxidative Stress. Front Physiol 2021; 12:651105. [PMID: 34079471 PMCID: PMC8166324 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.651105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Varying degrees of central nervous system neuropathy induced by diabetes mellitus (DM) contribute to a cognitive disorder known as diabetic encephalopathy (DE), which is also one of the independent risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays a critical role in the occurrence and development of DE and AD. However, its molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. This study aims to investigate whether thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) could alleviate DE and AD through ERS, oxidative stress (OS) and apoptosis signaling pathways. Mice were randomly divided into a wild-type group (WT-NC), a streptozotocin (STZ)-treated DM group (WT-DM), a Trx-1-TG group (TG-NC) and a Trx-1-TG DM group (TG-DM). Diabetic animals showed an increase in the time spent in the target quadrant and the number of platform crossings as well as AD-like behavior in the water maze experiment. The immunocontent of the AD-related protein Tau and the levels of cell apoptosis, β-amyloid (Aβ) plaque formation and neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus of the diabetic group were increased. Some key factors associated with ERS, such as protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK1), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), protein kinase RNA (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), were upregulated, and other factors related to anti-oxidant stress, such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), were downregulated in the DM group. Moreover, DM caused an increase in the immunocontents of caspase-3 and caspase-12. However, these changes were reversed in the Trx-1-tg DM group. Therefore, we conclude that Trx-1 might be a key factor in alleviating DE and AD by regulating ERS and oxidative stress response, thus preventing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chenghong Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chunyang Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yufei Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingyun Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haiying Chu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Li Kong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haiying Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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5
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Wang L, Yu J, Wang CC. Protein disulfide isomerase is regulated in multiple ways: Consequences for conformation, activities, and pathophysiological functions. Bioessays 2020; 43:e2000147. [PMID: 33155310 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is one of the most abundant and critical protein folding catalysts in the endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotic cells. PDI consists of four thioredoxin domains and interacts with a wide range of substrate and partner proteins due to its intrinsic conformational flexibility. PDI plays multifunctional roles in a variety of pathophysiological events, both as an oxidoreductase and a molecular chaperone. Recent studies have revealed that the conformation and activity of PDI can be regulated in multiple ways, including posttranslational modification and substrate/ligand binding. Here, we summarize recent advances in understanding the function and regulation of PDI in different pathological and physiological events. We propose that the multifunctional roles of PDI are regulated by multiple mechanisms. Furthermore, we discuss future directions for the study of PDI, emphasizing how different regulatory modes are linked to the conformational changes and biological functions of PDI in the context of diverse pathophysiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chih-Chen Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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6
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Serrano A, Qiao X, Matos JO, Farley L, Cilenti L, Chen B, Tatulian SA, Teter K. Reversal of Alpha-Synuclein Fibrillization by Protein Disulfide Isomerase. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:726. [PMID: 32850841 PMCID: PMC7406567 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregates of α-synuclein contribute to the etiology of Parkinson's Disease. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a chaperone and oxidoreductase, blocks the aggregation of α-synuclein. An S-nitrosylated form of PDI that cannot function as a chaperone is associated with elevated levels of aggregated α-synuclein and is found in brains afflicted with Parkinson's Disease. The protective role of PDI in Parkinson's Disease and other neurodegenerative disorders is linked to its chaperone function, yet the mechanism of neuroprotection remains unclear. Using Thioflavin-T fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy, we show here for the first time that PDI can break down nascent fibrils of α-synuclein. Mature fibrils were not affected by PDI. Another PDI family member, ERp57, could prevent but not reverse α-synuclein aggregation. The disaggregase activity of PDI was effective at a 1:50 molar ratio of PDI:α-synuclein and was blocked by S-nitrosylation. PDI could not reverse the aggregation of malate dehydrogenase, which indicated its disaggregase activity does not operate on all substrates. These findings establish a previously unrecognized disaggregase property of PDI that could underlie its neuroprotective function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Serrano
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Xin Qiao
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Jason O Matos
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Lauren Farley
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Lucia Cilenti
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Suren A Tatulian
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Ken Teter
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
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7
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Shergalis AG, Hu S, Bankhead A, Neamati N. Role of the ERO1-PDI interaction in oxidative protein folding and disease. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 210:107525. [PMID: 32201313 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum is an oxidative process that relies on protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and endoplasmic reticulum oxidase 1 (ERO1). Over 30% of proteins require the chaperone PDI to promote disulfide bond formation. PDI oxidizes cysteines in nascent polypeptides to form disulfide bonds and can also reduce and isomerize disulfide bonds. ERO1 recycles reduced PDI family member PDIA1 using a FAD cofactor to transfer electrons to oxygen. ERO1 dysfunction critically affects several diseases states. Both ERO1 and PDIA1 are overexpressed in cancers and implicated in diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Cancer-associated ERO1 promotes cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, the ERO1-PDIA1 interaction is critical for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Co-expression analysis of ERO1A gene expression in cancer patients demonstrated that ERO1A is significantly upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), glioblastoma and low-grade glioma (GBMLGG), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PAAD), and kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP) cancers. ERO1Α knockdown gene signature correlates with knockdown of cancer signaling proteins including IGF1R, supporting the search for novel, selective ERO1 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. In this review, we explore the functions of ERO1 and PDI to support inhibition of this interaction in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G Shergalis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Shuai Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Armand Bankhead
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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Pan BB, Yang Y, Liu HZ, Li YH, Su XC. Coordination of Platinum to α-Synuclein Inhibits Filamentous Aggregation in Solution. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1953-1958. [PMID: 30958607 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of filamentous aggregates of α-synuclein (AS) in Lewy bodies and neurites is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Inhibition of AS fibrillation is helpful for understanding of AS aggregate structure and for developing chemical therapies. Herein, we report that the PtII -containing antitumor drug cisplatin suppresses filamentous aggregation of AS in solution. PtII thus contrasts strongly with reported transition-metal ions such as MnII , FeIII , and CuII , which accelerate AS aggregation. Interaction between PtII and the side chains of methionine and histidine residues was essential for inhibition of AS fibrillation. Binding of PtII to AS did not change the protein's overall random coil structure, as indicated by solution-state two-dimensional NMR and circular dichroism spectroscopy; and a solution of the AS⋅PtII complex remained free of filamentous aggregates. Our results constitute interesting new information about the biological chemistry of metal ions in Parkinson's disease and might open new lines of research into the suppression of filamentous aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Zhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xun-Cheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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Matsusaki M, Kanemura S, Kinoshita M, Lee YH, Inaba K, Okumura M. The Protein Disulfide Isomerase Family: from proteostasis to pathogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1864:129338. [PMID: 30986509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian cells, nearly one-third of proteins are inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where they undergo oxidative folding and chaperoning assisted by approximately 20 members of the protein disulfide isomerase family (PDIs). PDIs consist of multiple thioredoxin-like domains and recognize a wide variety of proteins via highly conserved interdomain flexibility. Although PDIs have been studied intensely for almost 50 years, exactly how they maintain protein homeostasis in the ER remains unknown, and is important not only for fundamental biological understanding but also for protein misfolding- and aggregation-related pathophysiology. Herein, we review recent advances in structural biology and biophysical approaches that explore the underlying mechanism by which PDIs fulfil their distinct functions to promote productive protein folding and scavenge misfolded proteins in the ER, the primary factory for efficient production of the secretome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motonori Matsusaki
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shingo Kanemura
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan; School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen 2-1, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Misaki Kinoshita
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Protein Structure Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk 28199, South Korea; Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Kenji Inaba
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Masaki Okumura
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
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10
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Impact of membrane curvature on amyloid aggregation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:1741-1764. [PMID: 29709613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The misfolding, amyloid aggregation, and fibril formation of intrinsically disordered proteins/peptides (or amyloid proteins) have been shown to cause a number of disorders. The underlying mechanisms of amyloid fibrillation and structural properties of amyloidogenic precursors, intermediates, and amyloid fibrils have been elucidated in detail; however, in-depth examinations on physiologically relevant contributing factors that induce amyloidogenesis and lead to cell death remain challenging. A large number of studies have attempted to characterize the roles of biomembranes on protein aggregation and membrane-mediated cell death by designing various membrane components, such as gangliosides, cholesterol, and other lipid compositions, and by using various membrane mimetics, including liposomes, bicelles, and different types of lipid-nanodiscs. We herein review the dynamic effects of membrane curvature on amyloid generation and the inhibition of amyloidogenic proteins and peptides, and also discuss how amyloid formation affects membrane curvature and integrity, which are key for understanding relationships with cell death. Small unilamellar vesicles with high curvature and large unilamellar vesicles with low curvature have been demonstrated to exhibit different capabilities to induce the nucleation, amyloid formation, and inhibition of amyloid-β peptides and α-synuclein. Polymorphic amyloidogenesis in small unilamellar vesicles was revealed and may be viewed as one of the generic properties of interprotein interaction-dominated amyloid formation. Several mechanical models and phase diagrams are comprehensively shown to better explain experimental findings. The negative membrane curvature-mediated mechanisms responsible for the toxicity of pancreatic β cells by the amyloid aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) and binding of the precursors of the semen-derived enhancer of viral infection (SEVI) are also described. The curvature-dependent binding modes of several types of islet amyloid polypeptides with high-resolution NMR structures are also discussed.
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Kitauchi K, Sakono M. Glycoprotein quality control-related proteins effectively inhibit fibrillation of amyloid beta 1–42. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 481:227-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Soares Moretti AI, Martins Laurindo FR. Protein disulfide isomerases: Redox connections in and out of the endoplasmic reticulum. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 617:106-119. [PMID: 27889386 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerases are thiol oxidoreductase chaperones from thioredoxin superfamily. As redox folding catalysts from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), their roles in ER-related redox homeostasis and signaling are well-studied. PDIA1 exerts thiol oxidation/reduction and isomerization, plus chaperone effects. Also, substantial evidence indicates that PDIs regulate thiol-disulfide switches in other cell locations such as cell surface and possibly cytosol. Subcellular PDI translocation routes remain unclear and seem Golgi-independent. The list of signaling and structural proteins reportedly regulated by PDIs keeps growing, via thiol switches involving oxidation, reduction and isomerization, S-(de)nytrosylation, (de)glutathyonylation and protein oligomerization. PDIA1 is required for agonist-triggered Nox NADPH oxidase activation and cell migration in vascular cells and macrophages, while PDIA1-dependent cytoskeletal regulation appears a converging pathway. Extracellularly, PDIs crucially regulate thiol redox signaling of thrombosis/platelet activation, e.g., integrins, and PDIA1 supports expansive caliber remodeling during injury repair via matrix/cytoskeletal organization. Some proteins display regulatory PDI-like motifs. PDI effects are orchestrated by expression levels or post-translational modifications. PDI is redox-sensitive, although probably not a mass-effect redox sensor due to kinetic constraints. Rather, the "all-in-one" organization of its peculiar redox/chaperone properties likely provide PDIs with precision and versatility in redox signaling, making them promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Iochabel Soares Moretti
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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An 11-mer Amyloid Beta Peptide Fragment Provokes Chemical Mutations and Parkinsonian Biomarker Aggregation in Dopaminergic Cells: A Novel Road Map for "Transfected" Parkinson's. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:1519-1530. [PMID: 27635664 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation is generally associated with Alzheimer's onset. Here, we demonstrate that incubation of dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells with an Aβ peptide fragment (an 11-mer composed of residues 25-35; Aβ (25-35)) results in elevated intracellular nitrosative stress and induces chemical mutation of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), an endoplasmic reticulum-resident oxidoreductase chaperone. Furthermore, Aβ (25-35) provokes aggregation of both the minor and major biomarkers of Parkinson's disease, namely, synphilin-1 and α-synuclein, respectively. Importantly, fluorescence studies demonstrate that Aβ (25-35) triggers colocalization of these Parkinsonian biomarkers to form Lewy-body-like aggregates, a key and irreversible milestone in the neurometabolic cascade leading to Parkinson's disease. In addition, fluorescence assays also reveal direct, aggregation-seeding interactions between Aβ (25-35), PDI and α-synuclein, suggesting neuronal pathogenesis occurs via prion-type cross-transfectivity. These data indicate that the introduction of an Alzheimer's-associated biomarker in dopaminergic cells is proliferative, with the percolative effect exercised via dual, independent, Parkinson-pathogenic pathways, one stress-derived and the other prion-like. The results define a novel molecular roadmap for Parkinsonian transfectivity via an Alzheimeric burden and reveal the involvement of PDI in amyloid beta induced Parkinson's.
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Crystal Structure of the ERp44-Peroxiredoxin 4 Complex Reveals the Molecular Mechanisms of Thiol-Mediated Protein Retention. Structure 2016; 24:1755-1765. [PMID: 27642162 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
ERp44 controls the localization and transport of diverse proteins in the early secretory pathway. The mechanisms that allow client recognition and the source of the oxidative power for forming intermolecular disulfides are as yet unknown. Here we present the structure of ERp44 bound to a client, peroxiredoxin 4. Our data reveal that ERp44 binds the oxidized form of peroxiredoxin 4 via thiol-disulfide interchange reactions. The structure explains the redox-dependent recognition and characterizes the essential non-covalent interactions at the interface. The ERp44-Prx4 covalent complexes can be reduced by glutathione and protein disulfide isomerase family members in the ER, allowing the two components to recycle. This work provides insights into the mechanisms of thiol-mediated protein retention and indicates the key roles of ERp44 in this biochemical cycle to optimize oxidative folding and redox homeostasis.
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Ranjan P, Kumar A. The Involvement of His50 during Protein Disulfide Isomerase Binding Is Essential for Inhibiting α-Syn Fibril Formation. Biochemistry 2016; 55:2677-80. [PMID: 27142583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An increased level of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a protective response to various neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease. Interaction of PDI with α-synuclein (α-Syn) has been shown to inhibit its aggregation. Here, we report the residue-specific mapping of binding of PDI to α-Syn. We demonstrate that α-Syn N-terminal residues V3-S9 and L38-V40 bind more strongly to PDI than residues V49-V52 do, as do C-terminal residues E123-M127 and D135-E137. In addition, we show that residue H50 is key in preventing aggregation. These findings improve our understanding of PDI-protected aggregation of wild-type α-Syn and its H50Q familial mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyatosh Ranjan
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076, India
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16
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Montane J, de Pablo S, Obach M, Cadavez L, Castaño C, Alcarraz-Vizán G, Visa M, Rodríguez-Comas J, Parrizas M, Servitja JM, Novials A. Protein disulfide isomerase ameliorates β-cell dysfunction in pancreatic islets overexpressing human islet amyloid polypeptide. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 420:57-65. [PMID: 26607804 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is the major component of amyloid deposits in islets of type 2 diabetic patients. hIAPP misfolding and aggregation is one of the factors that may lead to β-cell dysfunction and death. Endogenous chaperones are described to be important for the folding and functioning of proteins. Here, we examine the effect of the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) on β-cell dysfunction. Among other chaperones, PDI was found to interact with hIAPP in human islet lysates. Furthermore, intrinsically recovered PDI levels were able to restore the effect of high glucose- and palmitate-induced β-cell dysfunction by increasing 3.9-fold the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion levels and restoring insulin content up to basal control values. Additionally, PDI transduction decreased induced apoptosis by glucolipotoxic conditions. This approach could reveal a new therapeutic target and aid in the development of strategies to improve β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Montane
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Sara de Pablo
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Mercè Obach
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Lisa Cadavez
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Carlos Castaño
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Gema Alcarraz-Vizán
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Montserrat Visa
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Júlia Rodríguez-Comas
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Marcelina Parrizas
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Joan Marc Servitja
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Anna Novials
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain.
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Parakh S, Atkin JD. Novel roles for protein disulphide isomerase in disease states: a double edged sword? Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:30. [PMID: 26052512 PMCID: PMC4439577 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) is a multifunctional redox chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Since it was first discovered 40 years ago the functions ascribed to PDI have evolved significantly and recent studies have recognized its distinct functions, with adverse as well as protective effects in disease. Furthermore, post translational modifications of PDI abrogate its normal functional roles in specific disease states. This review focusses on recent studies that have identified novel functions for PDI relevant to specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Parakh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Zhang L, Niu Y, Zhu L, Fang J, Wang X, Wang L, Wang CC. Different interaction modes for protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI) as an efficient regulator and a specific substrate of endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin-1α (Ero1α). J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31188-99. [PMID: 25258311 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.602961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI) and sulfhydryl oxidase endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin-1α (Ero1α) constitute the pivotal pathway for oxidative protein folding in the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Ero1α oxidizes PDI to introduce disulfides into substrates, and PDI can feedback-regulate Ero1α activity. Here, we show the regulatory disulfide of Ero1α responds to the redox fluctuation in ER very sensitively, relying on the availability of redox active PDI. The regulation of Ero1α is rapidly facilitated by either a or a' catalytic domain of PDI, independent of the substrate binding domain. On the other hand, activated Ero1α specifically binds to PDI via hydrophobic interactions and preferentially catalyzes the oxidation of domain a'. This asymmetry ensures PDI to function simultaneously as an oxidoreductase and an isomerase. In addition, several PDI family members are also characterized to be potent regulators of Ero1α. The novel modes for PDI as a competent regulator and a specific substrate of Ero1α govern efficient and faithful oxidative protein folding and maintain the ER redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zhang
- From the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingbo Niu
- From the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Zhu
- From the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingqi Fang
- From the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xi'e Wang
- From the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China and
| | - Lei Wang
- From the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China and
| | - Chih-chen Wang
- From the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China and
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Iqbal A, Paviani V, Moretti AI, Laurindo FR, Augusto O. Oxidation, inactivation and aggregation of protein disulfide isomerase promoted by the bicarbonate-dependent peroxidase activity of human superoxide dismutase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 557:72-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Yang S, Wang X, Cui L, Ding X, Niu L, Yang F, Wang C, Wang CC, Lou J. Compact conformations of human protein disulfide isomerase. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103472. [PMID: 25084354 PMCID: PMC4118876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) composed of four thioredoxin-like domains a, b, b', and a', is a key enzyme catalyzing oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. Large scale molecular dynamics simulations starting from the crystal structures of human PDI (hPDI) in the oxidized and reduced states were performed. The results indicate that hPDI adopts more compact conformations in solution than in the crystal structures, which are stabilized primarily by inter-domain interactions, including the salt bridges between domains a and b' observed for the first time. A prominent feature of the compact conformations is that the two catalytic domains a and a' can locate close enough for intra-molecular electron transfer, which was confirmed by the characterization of an intermediate with a disulfide between the two domains. Mutations, which disrupt the inter-domain interactions, lead to decreased reductase activity of hPDI. Our molecular dynamics simulations and biochemical experiments reveal the intrinsic conformational dynamics of hPDI and its biological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Yang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Cui
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuquan Yang
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chih-chen Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (CW); (JL)
| | - Jizhong Lou
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (CW); (JL)
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Substrate-induced unfolding of protein disulfide isomerase displaces the cholera toxin A1 subunit from its holotoxin. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1003925. [PMID: 24516389 PMCID: PMC3916401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To generate a cytopathic effect, the catalytic A1 subunit of cholera toxin (CT) must be separated from the rest of the toxin. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is thought to mediate CT disassembly by acting as a redox-driven chaperone that actively unfolds the CTA1 subunit. Here, we show that PDI itself unfolds upon contact with CTA1. The substrate-induced unfolding of PDI provides a novel molecular mechanism for holotoxin disassembly: we postulate the expanded hydrodynamic radius of unfolded PDI acts as a wedge to dislodge reduced CTA1 from its holotoxin. The oxidoreductase activity of PDI was not required for CT disassembly, but CTA1 displacement did not occur when PDI was locked in a folded conformation or when its substrate-induced unfolding was blocked due to the loss of chaperone function. Two other oxidoreductases (ERp57 and ERp72) did not unfold in the presence of CTA1 and did not displace reduced CTA1 from its holotoxin. Our data establish a new functional property of PDI that may be linked to its role as a chaperone that prevents protein aggregation. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a luminal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein with related but independent oxidoreductase and chaperone activities. The molecular mechanism of PDI chaperone function remains unidentified. Here, we report that PDI unfolds upon contact with the catalytic A1 subunit of cholera toxin (CT). This unfolding event dislodges CTA1 from the rest of the multimeric toxin, which is a prerequisite for the ER-to-cytosol export of CTA1 and toxin activity against the host cell. The substrate-induced unfolding of PDI is linked to its chaperone activity. Our work has established a new property of PDI that is required for CT disassembly and provides a possible structural basis for the broader role of PDI as a chaperone that prevents protein aggregation.
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Grek C, Townsend D. Protein Disulfide Isomerase Superfamily in Disease and the Regulation of Apoptosis. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS IN DISEASES 2014; 1:4-17. [PMID: 25309899 PMCID: PMC4192724 DOI: 10.2478/ersc-2013-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis requires the balance of a multitude of signaling cascades that are contingent upon the essential proteins being properly synthesized, folded and delivered to appropriate subcellular locations. In eukaryotic cells the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a specialized organelle that is the central site of synthesis and folding of secretory, membrane and a number of organelletargeted proteins. The integrity of protein folding is enabled by the presence of ATP, Ca++, molecular chaperones, as well as an oxidizing redox environment. The imbalance between the load and capacity of protein folding results in a cellular condition known as ER stress. Failure of these pathways to restore ER homeostasis results in the activation of apoptotic pathways. Protein disulfide isomerases (PDI) compose a superfamily of oxidoreductases that have diverse sequences and are localized in the ER, nucleus, cytosol, mitochondria and cell membrane. The PDI superfamily has multiple functions including, acting as molecular chaperones, protein-binding partners, and hormone reservoirs. Recently, PDI family members have been implicated in the regulation of apoptotic signaling events. The complexities underlying the molecular mechanisms that define the switch from pro-survival to pro-death response are evidenced by recent studies that reveal the roles of specific chaperone proteins as integration points in signaling pathways that determine cell fate. The following review discusses the dual role of PDI in cell death and survival during ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Grek
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
| | - D.M. Townsend
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
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Halloran M, Parakh S, Atkin JD. The role of s-nitrosylation and s-glutathionylation of protein disulphide isomerase in protein misfolding and neurodegeneration. Int J Cell Biol 2013; 2013:797914. [PMID: 24348565 PMCID: PMC3852308 DOI: 10.1155/2013/797914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases involve the progressive loss of neurons, and a pathological hallmark is the presence of abnormal inclusions containing misfolded proteins. Although the precise molecular mechanisms triggering neurodegeneration remain unclear, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, elevated oxidative and nitrosative stress, and protein misfolding are important features in pathogenesis. Protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) is the prototype of a family of molecular chaperones and foldases upregulated during ER stress that are increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. PDI catalyzes the rearrangement and formation of disulphide bonds, thus facilitating protein folding, and in neurodegeneration may act to ameliorate the burden of protein misfolding. However, an aberrant posttranslational modification of PDI, S-nitrosylation, inhibits its protective function in these conditions. S-nitrosylation is a redox-mediated modification that regulates protein function by covalent addition of nitric oxide- (NO-) containing groups to cysteine residues. Here, we discuss the evidence for abnormal S-nitrosylation of PDI (SNO-PDI) in neurodegeneration and how this may be linked to another aberrant modification of PDI, S-glutathionylation. Understanding the role of aberrant S-nitrosylation/S-glutathionylation of PDI in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases may provide insights into novel therapeutic interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Halloran
- Department of Neuroscience in the School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - S. Parakh
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - J. D. Atkin
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
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Xu LR, Liu XL, Chen J, Liang Y. Protein disulfide isomerase interacts with tau protein and inhibits its fibrillization. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76657. [PMID: 24098548 PMCID: PMC3788760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tau protein is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as tauopathies including Alzheimer disease, and Tau fibrillization is thought to be related to neuronal toxicity. Physiological inhibitors of Tau fibrillization hold promise for developing new strategies for treatment of Alzheimer disease. Because protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is both an enzyme and a chaperone, and implicated in neuroprotection against Alzheimer disease, we want to know whether PDI can prevent Tau fibrillization. In this study, we have investigated the interaction between PDI and Tau protein and the effect of PDI on Tau fibrillization. Methodology/Principal Findings As evidenced by co-immunoprecipitation and confocal laser scanning microscopy, human PDI interacts and co-locates with some endogenous human Tau on the endoplasmic reticulum of undifferentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The results from isothermal titration calorimetry show that one full-length human PDI binds to one full-length human Tau (or human Tau fragment Tau244–372) monomer with moderate, micromolar affinity at physiological pH and near physiological ionic strength. As revealed by thioflavin T binding assays, Sarkosyl-insoluble SDS-PAGE, and transmission electron microscopy, full-length human PDI remarkably inhibits both steps of nucleation and elongation of Tau244–372 fibrillization in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, we find that two molecules of the a-domain of human PDI interact with one Tau244–372 molecule with sub-micromolar affinity, and inhibit both steps of nucleation and elongation of Tau244–372 fibrillization more strongly than full-length human PDI. Conclusions/Significance We demonstrate for the first time that human PDI binds to Tau protein mainly through its thioredoxin-like catalytic domain a, forming a 1∶1 complex and preventing Tau misfolding. Our findings suggest that PDI could act as a physiological inhibitor of Tau fibrillization, and have applications for developing novel strategies for treatment and early diagnosis of Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Rong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Disulfide bonding in neurodegenerative misfolding diseases. Int J Cell Biol 2013; 2013:318319. [PMID: 23983694 PMCID: PMC3747422 DOI: 10.1155/2013/318319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years an increasing number of neurodegenerative diseases has been linked to the misfolding of a specific protein and its subsequent accumulation into aggregated species, often toxic to the cell. Of all the factors that affect the behavior of these proteins, disulfide bonds are likely to be important, being very conserved in protein sequences and being the enzymes devoted to their formation among the most conserved machineries in mammals. Their crucial role in the folding and in the function of a big fraction of the human proteome is well established. The role of disulfide bonding in preventing and managing protein misfolding and aggregation is currently under investigation. New insights into their involvement in neurodegenerative diseases, their effect on the process of protein misfolding and aggregation, and into the role of the cellular machineries devoted to disulfide bond formation in neurodegenerative diseases are emerging. These studies mark a step forward in the comprehension of the biological base of neurodegenerative disorders and highlight the numerous questions that still remain open.
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Crosstalk between Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Protein Misfolding in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/256404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a central subcellular compartment for protein quality control in the secretory pathway that prevents protein misfolding and aggregation. Instrumental in protein quality control in the ER is the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is activated upon ER stress to reestablish homeostasis through a sophisticated transcriptionally and translationally regulated signaling network. However, this response can lead to apoptosis if the stress cannot be alleviated. The presence of abnormal protein aggregates containing specific misfolded proteins is recognized as the basis of numerous human conformational disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. Here, I will highlight the overwhelming evidence that the presence of specific aberrant proteins in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), prion diseases, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is intimately associated with perturbations in the ER protein quality control machinery that become incompetent to restore protein homeostasis and shift adaptive programs toward the induction of apoptotic signaling to eliminate irreversibly damaged neurons. Increasing our understanding about the deadly crosstalk between ER dysfunction and protein misfolding in these neurodegenerative diseases may stimulate the development of novel therapeutic strategies able to support neuronal survival and ameliorate disease progression.
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Andreu CI, Woehlbier U, Torres M, Hetz C. Protein disulfide isomerases in neurodegeneration: from disease mechanisms to biomedical applications. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:2826-34. [PMID: 22828277 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) are a family of foldases and chaperones primarily located at the endoplasmic reticulum that catalyze the formation and isomerization of disulfide bonds thereby facilitating protein folding. PDIs also perform important physiological functions in protein quality control, cell death, and cell signaling. Protein misfolding is involved in the etiology of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer, Parkinson, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Prion-related disorders, among others. Accumulating evidence indicate altered expression of PDIs as a prominent and common feature of these neurodegenerative conditions. Here we overview most recent advances in our understanding of the possible functional contribution of PDIs to neurodegeneration, depicting a complex and poorly understood scenario. Possible therapeutic benefits of targeting PDIs in a disease context and their use as biomarkers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine I Andreu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Redox regulation of cysteine-dependent enzymes in neurodegeneration. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:703164. [PMID: 22829832 PMCID: PMC3398591 DOI: 10.1155/2012/703164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence of increased oxidative stress has been found in various neurodegenerative diseases and conditions. While it is unclear whether oxidative stress is a cause or effect, protein, lipid, and DNA have all been found to be susceptible to oxidant-induced modifications that alter their function. Results of clinical trials based on the oxidative-stress theory have been mixed, though data continues to indicate that prevention of high levels of oxidative stress is beneficial for health and increases longevity. Due to the highly reactive nature of the sulfhydryl group, the focus of this paper is on the impact of oxidative stress on cysteine-dependent enzymes and how oxidative stress may contribute to neurological dysfunction through this selected group of proteins.
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Ghai R, Falconer RJ, Collins BM. Applications of isothermal titration calorimetry in pure and applied research--survey of the literature from 2010. J Mol Recognit 2012; 25:32-52. [PMID: 22213449 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is a biophysical technique for measuring the formation and dissociation of molecular complexes and has become an invaluable tool in many branches of science from cell biology to food chemistry. By measuring the heat absorbed or released during bond formation, ITC provides accurate, rapid, and label-free measurement of the thermodynamics of molecular interactions. In this review, we survey the recent literature reporting the use of ITC and have highlighted a number of interesting studies that provide a flavour of the diverse systems to which ITC can be applied. These include measurements of protein-protein and protein-membrane interactions required for macromolecular assembly, analysis of enzyme kinetics, experimental validation of molecular dynamics simulations, and even in manufacturing applications such as food science. Some highlights include studies of the biological complex formed by Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin C3 and the murine T-cell receptor, the mechanism of membrane association of the Parkinson's disease-associated protein α-synuclein, and the role of non-specific tannin-protein interactions in the quality of different beverages. Recent developments in automation are overcoming limitations on throughput imposed by previous manual procedures and promise to greatly extend usefulness of ITC in the future. We also attempt to impart some practical advice for getting the most out of ITC data for those researchers less familiar with the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Ghai
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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Honjo Y, Ito H, Horibe T, Takahashi R, Kawakami K. Protein disulfide isomerase immunopositive glial cytoplasmic inclusions in patients with multiple system atrophy. Int J Neurosci 2011; 121:543-50. [PMID: 21689057 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2011.585440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) are the pathological hallmarks of multiple system atrophy (MSA) and α-synuclein is abnormally deposited in GCIs. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a member of the thioredoxin superfamily and is believed to accelerate the folding of disulfide-bonded proteins by catalyzing the disulfide interchange reaction, which is the rate-limiting step during protein folding in the luminal space of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Nitric-oxide-induced (NO-induced) S-nitrosylation of PDI inhibits its enzymatic activity, leading to the accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins, and activates the unfolded protein response in neurodegenerative diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Postmortem brain specimens from five patients with MSA and five normal control brains were utilized in this immunohistochemical study. RESULTS We found GCIs positive for anti-PDI antibody in the brain of patients with MSA. In addition, we observed colocalization of α-synuclein and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) with PDI in GCIs. As LRRK2 immunoreactivity is associated with one of the earliest oligodendrocytic abnormalities in MSA, colocalization of LRRK2 and PDI in GCIs may be a link to the ER stress of glial cells in the early stages of MSA. CONCLUSIONS In MSA, NO may inhibit PDI by inducing S-nitrosylation, which inhibits its enzymatic activity and thus allows protein misfolding to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Honjo
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Mechanisms of neuroprotection by protein disulphide isomerase in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurol Res Int 2011; 2011:317340. [PMID: 21603027 PMCID: PMC3096316 DOI: 10.1155/2011/317340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterised by the progressive loss of motor neurons, leading to paralysis and death within several years of onset. Although protein misfolding is a key feature of ALS, the upstream triggers of disease remain elusive. Recently, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was identified as an early and central feature in ALS disease models as well as in human patient tissues, indicating that ER stress could be an important process in disease pathogenesis. One important chaperone induced by ER stress is protein disulphide isomerase (PDI), which is both upregulated and posttranslationally inhibited by S-nitrosylation in ALS. In this paper, we present evidence from studies of genetics, model organisms, and patient tissues which indicate an active role for PDI and ER stress in ALS disease processes.
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Wallis AK, Freedman RB. Assisting Oxidative Protein Folding: How Do Protein Disulphide-Isomerases Couple Conformational and Chemical Processes in Protein Folding? Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2011; 328:1-34. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2011_171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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