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Kinger S, Dubey AR, Kumar P, Jagtap YA, Choudhary A, Kumar A, Prajapati VK, Dhiman R, Mishra A. Molecular Chaperones' Potential against Defective Proteostasis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091302. [PMID: 37174703 PMCID: PMC10177248 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neuronal degenerative condition identified via a build-up of mutant aberrantly folded proteins. The native folding of polypeptides is mediated by molecular chaperones, preventing their pathogenic aggregation. The mutant protein expression in ALS is linked with the entrapment and depletion of chaperone capacity. The lack of a thorough understanding of chaperones' involvement in ALS pathogenesis presents a significant challenge in its treatment. Here, we review how the accumulation of the ALS-linked mutant FUS, TDP-43, SOD1, and C9orf72 proteins damage cellular homeostasis mechanisms leading to neuronal loss. Further, we discuss how the HSP70 and DNAJ family co-chaperones can act as potential targets for reducing misfolded protein accumulation in ALS. Moreover, small HSPB1 and HSPB8 chaperones can facilitate neuroprotection and prevent stress-associated misfolded protein apoptosis. Designing therapeutic strategies by pharmacologically enhancing cellular chaperone capacity to reduce mutant protein proteotoxic effects on ALS pathomechanisms can be a considerable advancement. Chaperones, apart from directly interacting with misfolded proteins for protein quality control, can also filter their toxicity by initiating strong stress-response pathways, modulating transcriptional expression profiles, and promoting anti-apoptotic functions. Overall, these properties of chaperones make them an attractive target for gaining fundamental insights into misfolded protein disorders and designing more effective therapies against ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kinger
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
| | - Ankur Rakesh Dubey
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
| | - Yuvraj Anandrao Jagtap
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
| | - Akash Choudhary
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
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San Gil R, Clarke BE, Ecroyd H, Kalmar B, Greensmith L. Regional Differences in Heat Shock Protein 25 Expression in Brain and Spinal Cord Astrocytes of Wild-Type and SOD1 G93A Mice. Cells 2021; 10:1257. [PMID: 34069691 PMCID: PMC8160835 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity of glia in different CNS regions may contribute to the selective vulnerability of neuronal populations in neurodegenerative conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we explored regional variations in the expression of heat shock protein 25 in glia under conditions of acute and chronic stress. Hsp27 (Hsp27; murine orthologue: Hsp25) fulfils a number of cytoprotective functions and may therefore be a possible therapeutic target in ALS. We identified a subpopulation of astrocytes in primary murine mixed glial cultures that expressed Hsp25. Under basal conditions, the proportion of Hsp25-positive astrocytes was twice as high in spinal cord cultures than in cortical cultures. To explore the physiological role of the elevated Hsp25 expression in spinal cord astrocytes, we exposed cortical and spinal cord glia to acute stress, using heat stress and pro-inflammatory stimuli. Surprisingly, we observed no stress-induced increase in Hsp25 expression in either cortical or spinal cord astrocytes. Similarly, exposure to endogenous stress, as modelled in glial cultures from SOD1 G93A-ALS mice, did not increase Hsp25 expression above that observed in astrocytes from wild-type mice. In vivo, Hsp25 expression was greater under conditions of chronic stress present in the spinal cord of SOD1 G93A mice than in wild-type mice, although this increase in expression is likely to be due to the extensive gliosis that occurs in this model. Together, these results show that there are differences in the expression of Hsp25 in astrocytes in different regions of the central nervous system, but Hsp25 expression is not upregulated under acute or chronic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca San Gil
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2519, Australia; (R.S.G.); (H.E.)
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin E. Clarke
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (B.E.C.); (B.K.)
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2519, Australia; (R.S.G.); (H.E.)
| | - Bernadett Kalmar
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (B.E.C.); (B.K.)
| | - Linda Greensmith
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (B.E.C.); (B.K.)
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Clarke BE, Patani R. The microglial component of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 2021; 143:3526-3539. [PMID: 33427296 PMCID: PMC7805793 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the primary immune cells of the CNS, carrying out key homeostatic roles and undergoing context-dependent and temporally regulated changes in response to injury and neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia have been implicated in playing a role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by extensive motor neuron loss leading to paralysis and premature death. However, as the pathomechansims of ALS are increasingly recognized to involve a multitude of different cell types, it has been difficult to delineate the specific contribution of microglia to disease. Here, we review the literature of microglial involvement in ALS and discuss the evidence for the neurotoxic and neuroprotective pathways that have been attributed to microglia in this disease. We also discuss accumulating evidence for spatiotemporal regulation of microglial activation in this context. A deeper understanding of the role of microglia in the ‘cellular phase’ of ALS is crucial in the development of mechanistically rationalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Clarke
- Department of Neuromuscular disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK.,The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, UK
| | - Rickie Patani
- Department of Neuromuscular disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK.,The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, UK
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Zabegalov KN, Wang D, Yang L, Wang J, Hu G, Serikuly N, Alpyshov ET, Khatsko SL, Zhdanov A, Demin KA, Galstyan DS, Volgin AD, de Abreu MS, Strekalova T, Song C, Amstislavskaya TG, Sysoev Y, Musienko PE, Kalueff AV. Decoding the role of zebrafish neuroglia in CNS disease modeling. Brain Res Bull 2020; 166:44-53. [PMID: 33027679 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroglia, including microglia and astrocytes, is a critical component of the central nervous system (CNS) that interacts with neurons to modulate brain activity, development, metabolism and signaling pathways. Thus, a better understanding of the role of neuroglia in the brain is critical. Complementing clinical and rodent data, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) is rapidly becoming an important model organism to probe the role of neuroglia in brain disorders. With high genetic and physiological similarity to humans and rodents, zebrafish possess some common (shared), as well as some specific molecular biomarkers and features of neuroglia development and functioning. Studying these common and zebrafish-specific aspects of neuroglia may generate important insights into key brain mechanisms, including neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, neuroregenerative and neurological processes. Here, we discuss the biology of neuroglia in humans, rodents and fish, its role in various CNS functions, and further directions of translational research into the role of neuroglia in CNS disorders using zebrafish models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin N Zabegalov
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Dongmei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - LongEn Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingtao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guojun Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nazar Serikuly
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | | | | | | | - Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - David S Galstyan
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and Neurobiology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey D Volgin
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and Neurobiology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Murilo S de Abreu
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and Neurobiology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Tatyana Strekalova
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Centre of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cai Song
- Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Marine Medicine Development Center, Shenzhen Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tamara G Amstislavskaya
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yury Sysoev
- Laboratory of Neuroprosthetics, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, St. Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pavel E Musienko
- Laboratory of Neuroprosthetics, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
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Histamine Is an Inducer of the Heat Shock Response in SOD1-G93A Models of ALS. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153793. [PMID: 31382568 PMCID: PMC6696457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multifactorial non-cell autonomous disease where activation of microglia and astrocytes largely contributes to motor neurons death. Heat shock proteins have been demonstrated to promote neuronal survival and exert a strong anti-inflammatory action in glia. Having previously shown that the pharmacological increase of the histamine content in the central nervous system (CNS) of SOD1-G93A mice decreases neuroinflammation, reduces motor neuron death, and increases mice life span, here we examined whether this effect could be mediated by an enhancement of the heat shock response. (2) Methods: Heat shock protein expression was analyzed in vitro and in vivo. Histamine was provided to primary microglia and NSC-34 motor neurons expressing the SOD1-G93A mutation. The brain permeable histamine precursor histidine was chronically administered to symptomatic SOD1-G93A mice. Spine density was measured by Golgi-staining in motor cortex of histidine-treated SOD1-G93A mice. (3) Results: We demonstrate that histamine activates the heat shock response in cultured SOD1-G93A microglia and motor neurons. In SOD1-G93A mice, histidine augments the protein content of GRP78 and Hsp70 in spinal cord and cortex, where the treatment also rescues type I motor neuron dendritic spine loss. (4) Conclusion: Besides the established histaminergic neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, the induction of the heat shock response in the SOD1-G93A model by histamine confirms the importance of this pathway in the search for successful therapeutic solutions to treat ALS.
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