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Ryu SH, Kim N, Kim C, Bae JS. Jujuboside B post-treatment attenuates PM 2.5-induced lung injury in mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:1479-1489. [PMID: 35854640 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2102156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is an air pollutant that causes severe lung injury. We investigated the effects of Jujuboside B (JB), a component of Zizyphi Spinosi Semen, on lung toxicity caused by PM2.5, and we identified the mechanism of its protective effect. Lung injury in an animal model was induced by intratracheal administration of a PM2.5 suspension. After 2 days of PM2.5 pretreatment, mice were administered JB via the tail vein three times over a 2-day period. JB significantly reduced the histological lung damage as well as the lung wet/dry weight ratio. JB also considerably reduced PM2.5-induced autophagy dysfunction, apoptosis, inflammatory cytokine levels, and the number of PM2.5-induced lymphocytes in the bronchial alveolar fluid. We conclude that by regulating TLR2, 4-MyD88, and mTOR-autophagy pathways, JB exerts a protective effect on lung injury. Thus, JB can be used as a potential therapeutic agent for PM2.5-induced lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Ho Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeyeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Kim GO, Park DH, Bae JS. Protective Effects of Cirsilineol against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation; Insights into HO-1, COX-2, and iNOS Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108537. [PMID: 37239882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the potential protective effects of cirsilineol (CSL), a natural compound found in Artemisia vestita, were examined on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses. CSL was found to have antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial properties, and was lethal to many cancer cells. We assessed the effects of CSL on heme oxygenase (HO)-1, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in LPS-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We also examined the effects of CSL on the expression of iNOS, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-1β in the pulmonary histological status of LPS-injected mice. The results showed that CSL increased HO-1 production, inhibited luciferase-NF-κB interaction, and reduced COX-2/PGE2 and iNOS/NO levels, leading to a decrease in signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-1 phosphorylation. CSL also enhanced the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, elevated the binding activity between Nrf2 and antioxidant response elements (AREs), and reduced IL-1β expression in LPS-treated HUVECs. We found that CSL's suppression of iNOS/NO synthesis was restored by inhibiting HO-1 through RNAi. In the animal model, CSL significantly decreased iNOS expression in the pulmonary biostructure, and TNF-α level in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These findings indicate that CSL has anti-inflammatory properties by controlling iNOS through inhibition of both NF-κB expression and p-STAT-1. Therefore, CSL may have potential as a candidate for developing new clinical substances to treat pathological inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Oun Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Kim C, Jeong YH, Kim N, Ryu SH, Bae JS. Hepatoprotective functions of jujuboside B. J Nat Med 2023; 77:87-95. [PMID: 36064835 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-022-01648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Jujuboside B (JB) found in the seeds of Zizyphi Spinosi Semen possesses pharmacological functions, such as anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet aggregation, and antianxiety potentials. This study evaluated the effect of JB on liver failure in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. First, we observed histopathological changes in the liver by optical microscopy and the activity of enzymes in serum such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). We further measured the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nitric oxide (NO), and antioxidative parameters in liver homogenate. The expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2), and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the liver was observed by Western blotting. CLP enhanced the migration of inflammatory cells, ALT and AST concentrations, and necrosis, which were reduced by JB. In addition, JB reduced 11β-HSD2 expression and levels of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, and NO) in the liver, increased GR expression, enhanced endogenous antioxidative capacity. These results further suggest that JB may protect the liver against CLP-induced damage by regulating anti-inflammatory responses, downregulating 11β-HSD2 expression and antioxidation, and up-regulating GR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeyeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Jeong
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Ho Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Kim C, Sim H, Bae JS. Benzoylpaeoniflorin Activates Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms to Mitigate Sepsis in Cell-Culture and Mouse Sepsis Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113130. [PMID: 36361915 PMCID: PMC9656632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Xuebijing injection (XBJI) (comprising of five herbs) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine for sepsis treatment. However, the bioactive components of XBJI and the mechanisms responsible for its sepsis-mitigating action have not been experimentally determined. One of the main bioactive compounds in XBJI—benzoylpaeoniflorin (BPF)—inhibits the expressions of key mediators of inflammation such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), and COX-2. However, its effects on sepsis have not been determined yet. Therefore, here, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of BPF on severely inflamed endothelial cells, THP-1 macrophages, peritoneal macrophages, and mice. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and THP-1-macrophages were activated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) after pretreatment with BPF. Subsequently, changes in the expression profiles of pro-inflammatory molecules including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, we monitored the phosphorylation of NF-kB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) to determine their activation levels. Using the LPS-induced mouse model of sepsis, we studied the effects of BPF on inflammatory cytokine production, pulmonary histopathology, and survival rates. Finally, we evaluated whether BPF protects against cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis, as it closely mimics human sepsis. BPF pretreatment inhibited LPS-induced increase in mRNA and protein levels of iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-6 in HUVECs and THP-1-macrophages. It also suppressed LPS-mediated phosphorylation of p65, p38, JNK, and ERK. Mice with LPS-induced-sepsis who were treated with BPF had lower serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, CXCL1, and CXCL2 than the control mice treated with BPF. Histopathology revealed that BPF treatment alleviated LPS-induced lung damage. In addition, in mice given a lethal dose of LPS, BPF treatment showed a dose-dependent improvement in survival rates. BPF treatment dose-dependently inhibited the LPS-induced IL-6, TNF-α, and CXCL1 production in peritoneal macrophages. BPF treatment also dose-dependently improved the survival rates in mice with CLP-induced sepsis. These results show that BPF alleviates LPS-stimulated septic conditions and protects mice from CLP-induced sepsis. Our research marks BPF as a potential drug in the treatment of sepsis and various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jong-Sup Bae
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-8570; Fax: +82-53-950-8557
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Lee IC, Bae JS. Inhibitory effects of aloin on lipopolysaccharide-induced severe inflammatory responses. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2022; 24:987-999. [PMID: 35023793 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2022.2026932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aloin is the main anthraquinone glycoside from Aloe species. Here, the anti-inflammatory functions of aloin against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced vascular inflammatory responses were tested in endothelial cells or mice such as permeability, expressions of cell adhesion molecule (CAM), migration of leukocytes and lethality. Aloin was found to inhibit LPS-induced barrier disruption, CAM expression, and neutrophil adhesion/transendothelial migration to endothelial cells. Furthermore, aloin inhibited LPS-induced hyperpermeability, leukocyte migration, lethality in vivo. These results suggest that aloin has anti-inflammatory activities against LPS, thereby supporting its usefulness as a treatment for vascular inflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Chul Lee
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Seowon University, Cheongju 28674, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Kim GO, Kim N, Song GY, Bae JS. Inhibitory Activities of Rare Ginsenoside Rg4 on Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810836. [PMID: 36142743 PMCID: PMC9505814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an uncontrolled response to inflammatory infection and is associated with high levels of mortality and morbidity. Rg4 is a rare ginsenoside mainly found in the leaves of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer and the major protopanaxatriol-type ginsenoside of black ginseng. In this study, we determined whether Rg4 affects cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. Animals were separated into the following six groups: control group, CLP-operated group, CLP plus maslinic acid (MA), and CLP plus Rg4 (5, 10, or 15 mg/kg). Survival rate, body weight changes, inflammatory cytokines, and histological analyses were assessed. Human endothelial cells were activated with the high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein and Rg4. Cell viability was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis were used to assess inflammation and gene expression, respectively. After CLP surgery, the Rg4-administered group exhibited a higher survival rate and body weight compared with the untreated control group. Rg4 treatment reduced cytokine levels, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β, as well as nitric oxide (NO) levels and renal inflammation. After Rg4 treatment of HMGB1-activated cells, the expressions of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TNF-α were decreased, and the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling increased cell viability. In summary, Rg4 inhibited inflammation and exhibited a protective effect against CLP-induced sepsis, thereby reinforcing cell survival against septic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Oun Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Nayeon Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Gyu Yong Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 34134, Korea
- Correspondence: (G.Y.S.); (J.-S.B.); Tel.: +82-42-821-5926 (G.Y.S.); +82-53-950-8570 (J.-S.B.); Fax: +82-42-823-6566 (G.Y.S.); +82-53-950-8557 (J.-S.B.)
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (G.Y.S.); (J.-S.B.); Tel.: +82-42-821-5926 (G.Y.S.); +82-53-950-8570 (J.-S.B.); Fax: +82-42-823-6566 (G.Y.S.); +82-53-950-8557 (J.-S.B.)
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Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Sparstolonin B through Inhibiting Expression of NF-κB and STAT-1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810213. [PMID: 36142124 PMCID: PMC9499357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sparstolonin B (SsnB), which is found in Sparganium stoloniferum, prevents the synthesis of inflammatory mediators and is related to functional pathways of survival. In this study, we assessed the possible protective functions of SsnB on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses. We determined the functions of SsnB on controlling heme oxygenase (HO)-1, cyclooxygenase (COX-)2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in LPS-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, the distinct function of SsnB on the expression of iNOS and well-known pro-inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β, were assessed in the pulmonary histological status of LPS-injected mice. SsnB upregulated the HO-1 production, inhibited luciferase-NF-κB interaction, and lowered COX-2/PGE2 and iNOS/NO, which lead to the reduction of STAT-1 phosphorylation. Moreover, SsnB enhanced the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, elevated the binding activity between Nrf2 and antioxidant response elements (AREs), and weakened IL-1β expression on LPS-treated HUVECs. SsnB-suppressed iNOS/NO synthesis was restored by the process of the RNAi inhibition of HO-1. In experiment with an LPS-injected animal model, SsnB remarkably decreased the iNOS expression in the pulmonary biostructure and TNF-α level in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Therefore, these results demonstrate that SsnB is responsible for inflammation ameliorative activity by controlling iNOS through inhibition of both NF-κB expression and p-STAT-1. Therefore, SsnB could be a candidate for promoting novel clinical substances to remedy pathologic inflammation.
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Kim C, Kim N, Bae JS. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Functions of Cornuside by Regulating NF-[Formula: see text]B, STAT-1, and Nrf2-HO-1 Pathways. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:1349-1360. [PMID: 35748214 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cornuside (CNS), found in the fruit of Cornus officinalis Seib, is a natural bisiridoid glucoside that possesses therapeutic effects by suppressing inflammation. This study aimed to determine whether CNS could inhibit the inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mice, as well as to decipher the mechanisms. After activating HUVECs with LPS, the cells were treated with CNS. Cells were then isolated for protein or mRNA assays to analyze signaling and inflammatory molecules. In addition, mice received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS, followed by an intravenously administered dose of CNS. CNS inhibited cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions induced by LPS. CNS decreased phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)-1 by promoting HO-1 expression, inhibiting nuclear factor (NF)-[Formula: see text]B-luciferase activity, and decreasing COX-2/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and iNOS/NO. Furthermore, CNS treatment in LPS-activated HUVECs increased the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythrocyte 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and combined Nrf2 to anti-oxidant response elements and decreased IL-1[Formula: see text] production. Reduced iNOS/NO expression by CNS was restored when HO-1 RNAi inhibited heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). After CNS treatment in vivo, iNOS levels in lung tissue and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text] expression in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly decreased. The results indicated that CNS increased HO-1 expression, reduced LPS-activated NF-[Formula: see text]B-luciferase activity, and inhibited iNOS/NO and COX-2/PGE2, all of which contributed to the inhibition of STAT-1 phosphorylation. Thus, CNS can be a potential new substance for treating inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeyeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Lee IC, Bae JS. Hepatic Protective Effects of Jujuboside B through the Modulation of Inflammatory Pathways. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kim N, Jeon C, Kim C, Ryu SH, Lee W, Bae JS. Inhibition of factor Xa activity, platelet aggregation, and experimentally induced thrombosis by Sparstolonin B. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:153987. [PMID: 35183932 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sparstolonin B (SsnB) is an isocumarin compound extracted from medicinal plants such as Sparganium stoloniferum and Scirpus yagara with well documented anti-inflammatory activity. Here we examined if SsnB also possesses antithrombotic activity and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Anti-thrombotic effects of SsnB were determined by measuring in vitro/ex vivo/in vivo clotting times, platelet aggregation assay, production and activity of factor Xa, nitric oxide, and expressions of relative proteins. RESULTS Treatment with SsnB prolonged the clotting time of human platelet-poor serum at concentrations comparable to the clinical anticoagulant rivaroxaban (as a positive control) and inhibited human platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or the thromboxane A2 analog U46619. SsnB also inhibited U46619-induced and ADP-induced phosphorylation of phospholipase C (PLC)γ2/protein kinase C (PKC) and intracellular calcium mobilization, both of which are required for platelet aggregation. In addition, SsnB inhibited expression of the cell adhesion factors P-selectin and PAC-1. SsnB increased production of the vasodilator nitric oxide and suppressed secretion of the vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 from ADP- or U46619-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Further, SsnB reduced coagulation factor Xa (FXa) catalytic activity and production by endothelial cells as well as FXa-induced platelet aggregation. CONCLUSION Finally, SsnB injection reduced thrombus formation time, number, size, and related mortality in mouse models of thromboembolism. SsnB is a promising antithrombotic agent targeting both FXa and platelet aggregation pathways, which can overcome the side effects of existing antithrombotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - CheLynn Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeyeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Ho Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhwa Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Renal Protective Effects of Sparstolonin B in a Mouse Model of Sepsis. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-021-0319-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Anti-Septic Functions of Cornuside against HMGB1-Mediated Severe Inflammatory Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042065. [PMID: 35216180 PMCID: PMC8874448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is acknowledged to have critical functions; therefore, targeting this protein may have therapeutic effects. One example is potential antiseptic activity obtained by suppressing HMGB1 secretion, leading to the recovery of vascular barrier integrity. Cornuside (CN), which is a product extracted from the fruit of Cornusofficinalis Seib, is a natural bis-iridoid glycoside with the therapeutic effects of suppressing inflammation and regulating immune responses. However, the mechanism of action of CN and impact on sepsis is still unclear. We examined if CN could suppress HMGB1-induced excessive permeability and if the reduction of HMGB1 in response to LPS treatment increased the survival rate in a mouse model of sepsis. In human endothelial cells stimulated by LPS and mice with septic symptoms of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), we examined levels of proinflammatory proteins and biomarkers as an index of tissue damage, along with decreased vascular permeability. In both LPS-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the CLP-treated mouse model of sepsis, we applied CN after the induction processes were over. CN suppressed excessive permeability and inhibited HMGB1 release, leading to the amelioration of vascular instability, reduced mortality, and improved histological conditions in the CLP-induced septic mouse model. Overall, we conclude that the suppressed release of HMGB1 and the increased survival rate of mice with CLP-induced sepsis caused by CN may be an effective pharmaceutical treatment for sepsis.
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Ryu SH, Kim C, Kim N, Lee W, Bae JS. Inhibitory functions of cornuside on TGFBIp-mediated septic responses. J Nat Med 2022; 76:451-461. [PMID: 35025027 PMCID: PMC8757402 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01601-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β-induced protein (TGFBIp), as an extracellular matrix protein, is expressed TGF-β in some types of cells. Experimental sepsis is mediated by expressed and released TGFBIp in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cornuside (CNS) is a bisiridoid glucoside compound found in the fruit of Cornus officinalis SIEB. et ZUCC. Based on the known functions of CNS, such as the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities, we tested whether TGFBIp-mediated septic responses were suppressed by CNS in human endothelial cells and mice and investigated the underlying anti-septic mechanisms of CNS. Data showed that the secretion of TGFBIp by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and severe septic responses by TGFBIp were effectively inhibited by CNS. And, TGFBIp-mediated sepsis lethality and pulmonary injury were reduced by CNS. Therefore, the suppression of TGFBIp-mediated septic responses by CNS suggested that CNS may be used as a potential therapeutic agent for several vascular inflammatory diseases, with the inhibition of the TGFBIp signaling pathway as the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Ho Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeyeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhwa Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Lee W, Sim H, Choi YJ, Seo JY, Yun MY, Song GY, Bae JS. The Decursin Analog, CYJ-27, Suppresses Inflammation Via the Downregulation of NF- κB and STAT-1. J Med Food 2021; 24:852-859. [PMID: 34382871 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CYJ-27, a synthetic analog of decursin, prevents the generation of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. In this study, the effects of CYJ-27 on the regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), heme oxygenase (HO)-1, and cyclooxygenase (COX-)2 were characterized in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In addition, the effects of CYJ-27 on the production of iNOS and representative proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β, were tested in the lung tissues of LPS-treated mice. CYJ-27 promoted the expression of HO-1, suppressed NF-κB-luciferase activity, and reduced COX-2/PGE2 and iNOS/NO, resulting in a diminution in phosphorylated-STAT-1. Furthermore, CYJ-27 promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, enhanced the combination of Nrf2 to antioxidant response elements, and diminished IL-1β production in LPS-activated HUVECs. CYJ-27-downregulated iNOS/NO expression was rescued after the RNAi suppression of HO-1. In LPS-treated mice, CYJ-27 significantly diminished iNOS production in the lung tissues and TNF-α expression in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These findings indicate that CYJ-27 exerts anti-inflammatory activities by regulating iNOS through downregulation of both NF-κB activation and phosphorylated-STAT-1. Hence, it can act as a template for the development of novel substances to treat inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyunchae Sim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yoon-Jung Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejon, Korea
| | - Ju Young Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejon, Korea
| | - Mi-Young Yun
- Department of Beauty Science, Kwangju Women' University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Gyu Yong Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejon, Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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15
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Nguyen TTH, Jung JH, Kim MK, Lim S, Choi JM, Chung B, Kim DW, Kim D. The Inhibitory Effects of Plant Derivate Polyphenols on the Main Protease of SARS Coronavirus 2 and Their Structure-Activity Relationship. Molecules 2021; 26:1924. [PMID: 33808054 PMCID: PMC8036510 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The main protease (Mpro) is a major protease having an important role in viral replication of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the novel coronavirus that caused the pandemic of 2020. Here, active Mpro was obtained as a 34.5 kDa protein by overexpression in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The optimal pH and temperature of Mpro were 7.5 and 37 °C, respectively. Mpro displayed a Km value of 16 μM with Dabcyl-KTSAVLQ↓SGFRKME-Edans. Black garlic extract and 49 polyphenols were studied for their inhibitory effects on purified Mpro. The IC50 values were 137 μg/mL for black garlic extract and 9-197 μM for 15 polyphenols. The mixtures of tannic acid with puerarin, daidzein, and/or myricetin enhanced the inhibitory effects on Mpro. The structure-activity relationship of these polyphenols revealed that the hydroxyl group in C3', C4', C5' in the B-ring, C3 in the C-ring, C7 in A-ring, the double bond between C2 and C3 in the C-ring, and glycosylation at C8 in the A-ring contributed to inhibitory effects of flavonoids on Mpro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thanh Hanh Nguyen
- Institutes of Green Bioscience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun 25354, Gang-won-do, Korea;
| | - Jong-Hyun Jung
- Radiation Research Division, Korea Atomic Engery Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (J.-H.J.); (M.-K.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Min-Kyu Kim
- Radiation Research Division, Korea Atomic Engery Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (J.-H.J.); (M.-K.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Sangyong Lim
- Radiation Research Division, Korea Atomic Engery Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (J.-H.J.); (M.-K.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Jae-Myoung Choi
- Ottogi Sesame Mills Co., Ltd., Eumseong-gun 27623, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea; (J.-M.C.); (B.C.)
| | - Byoungsang Chung
- Ottogi Sesame Mills Co., Ltd., Eumseong-gun 27623, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea; (J.-M.C.); (B.C.)
| | - Do-Won Kim
- Department of Physics, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Doman Kim
- Institutes of Green Bioscience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun 25354, Gang-won-do, Korea;
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun 25354, Gangwon-do, Korea
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16
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Biapenem reduces sepsis mortality via barrier protective pathways against HMGB1-mediated septic responses. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:786-795. [PMID: 33515401 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a late mediator of sepsis, the role of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been recognized as important, and suppression of HMGB1 release and restoration of vascular barrier integrity are regarded as potentially promising therapeutic strategies for sepsis. For repositioning of previously FDA-approved drugs to develop new therapies for human diseases, screening of chemical compound libraries, biological active, is an efficient method. Our study illustrates an example of drug repositioning of Biapenem (BIPM), a carbapenem antibiotic, for the modulation of HMGB1-induced septic responses. METHODS We tested our hypothesis that BIPM inhibits HMGB1-induced vascular hyperpermeability and thereby increases the survival of septic mouse model from suppression of HMGB1 release upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulation. In LPS-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis mouse model, antiseptic activity of BIPM was investigated from suppression of vascular permeability, pro-inflammatory proteins, and markers for tissue injury. RESULTS BIPM significantly suppressed release of HMGB1 both in LPS-activated HUVECs (upto 60%) and the CLP-induced sepsis mouse model (upto 54%). BIPM inhibited hyperpermeability (upto 59%) and reduced HMGB1-mediated vascular disruptions (upto 62%), mortality (upto 50%), and also tissue injury including lung, liver, and kidney in mice. CONCLUSION Reduction of HMGB1 release and septic mortality by BIPM (in vitro, from 5 to 15 μM for 6 h; in vivo, from 0.37 to 1.1 mg/kg, 24 h) indicate a possibility of successful repositioning of BIPM for the treatment of sepsis.
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