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Bowler A, Arichi T, Austerberry C, Fearon P, Ronald A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the associations between motor milestone timing and motor development in neurodevelopmental conditions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 167:105825. [PMID: 39067834 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Early motor skills may be important early markers of neurodevelopmental conditions or predictors of their later onset. To explore this, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of infant motor skill assessments in those who go on to gain a clinical diagnosis of autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, language conditions, tic disorders, or developmental coordination disorder (DCD). In total, 63 articles met inclusion criteria. Three three-level meta-analyses were run. Meta-analysis of milestone achievement in N= 21205 individuals revealed gross motor milestones were significantly delayed compared to controls (g= 0.53, p< 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed autism (g= 0.63) and DCD (g= 0.53) had the highest magnitude delays. Specific delays were revealed for holding the head up (g= 0.21), sitting (g= 0.28), standing (g= 0.35), crawling (g= 0.19), and walking (g= 0.71). Meta-analyses of standardised motor skill measurements in N= 1976 individuals revealed reduced performance compared to controls in autism and language conditions (g= -0.54, p< 0.001). Together, these findings demonstrate delayed milestone attainment and motor impairments in early childhood in neurodevelopmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aislinn Bowler
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Tomoki Arichi
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK; Paediatric Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chloe Austerberry
- Centre for Family Research, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pasco Fearon
- Centre for Family Research, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Angelica Ronald
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK; School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Zoppé H, Xavier J, Dupuis A, Migeot V, Bioulac S, Hary R, Bonnet-Brilhault F, Albouy M. Is exposure to Bisphenol A associated with Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and associated executive or behavioral problems in children? A comprehensive systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 167:105938. [PMID: 39551456 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 10/29/2024] [Accepted: 11/02/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have investigated environmental risk factors in ADHD, and Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor, is suspected by several reviews. However, the quality of the studies has never been carefully assessed, leading us to rigorously examine associations between BPA exposure and ADHD and associated symptoms in children. Using PRISMA criteria, we conducted a systematic review on the MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and Cochrane databases. We used the ROBINS-E tool to assess the quality, and the GRADE Approach. This study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42023377150. Out of 10446 screened articles, 46 were included. Unlike pre-existing reviews, most studies failed to find clear links with ADHD or associated symptoms, with a high risk of bias and a very low level of certainty. Our systematic review reveals insufficient evidence regarding the impact of BPA on ADHD, despite some behavioral results that cannot be generalized. Future studies will require improved consideration of confounding factors and more precise sampling methods. This study did not receive specific funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Zoppé
- UMR1253, iBrain, University of Tours, INSERM, Tours 37000, France; Excellence Center in Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Regional University Hospital Centre, Tours 37000, France.
| | - Jean Xavier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Henri Laborit Hospital Centre, Poitiers 86000, France; CNRS UMR 7295, Cognition and Learning Research Center, Poitiers, France
| | - Antoine Dupuis
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, 6 Rue de la Milétrie, Poitiers 86000, France; Ecology and Biology of Interaction, CNRS UMR 7267, Poitiers Cedex 86073, France; INSERM-CIC 1402, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Milétrie, Poitiers Cedex 86021, France; BioSPharm Pole, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Milétrie, Poitiers Cedex 86021, France
| | - Virginie Migeot
- Public Health Department, CHU Rennes, University of Rennes 1, Rennes 35000, France; INSERM UMR-S 1085, EHESP, Irset, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Stéphanie Bioulac
- Service de psychiatrie de l'enfant et l'adolescent, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38000, France; LPNC, UMR 5105 CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, France
| | - Richard Hary
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Henri Laborit Hospital Centre, Poitiers 86000, France
| | - Frédérique Bonnet-Brilhault
- UMR1253, iBrain, University of Tours, INSERM, Tours 37000, France; Excellence Center in Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Regional University Hospital Centre, Tours 37000, France
| | - Marion Albouy
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, 6 Rue de la Milétrie, Poitiers 86000, France; Ecology and Biology of Interaction, CNRS UMR 7267, Poitiers Cedex 86073, France; INSERM-CIC 1402, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Milétrie, Poitiers Cedex 86021, France; BioSPharm Pole, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Milétrie, Poitiers Cedex 86021, France
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Palacio-Ortiz JD, Palacios-Cruz L, Martínez-Zamora M, Valencia-Echeverry J, Macias-Duran J, López-Jaramillo CA. Looking beyond psychosocial adversity and sex: Clinical factors associated with ADHD and other psychiatric disorders in a non-Caucasian sample of high-risk siblings. Psychiatry Res 2024; 339:115997. [PMID: 38941862 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the association of clinical factors, independent of sex and high psychosocial adversity (HPAd), with the presence of ADHD or other mental disorders, specifically within a middle-income country with a non-Caucasian population. A multi-centric cross-sectional study was conducted in three sites in Colombia. Our study recruited trios of an ADHD proband, one sibling, and one parent. We used valid instruments for assessing parents and siblings. The sample included 223 siblings, an average age of 12.3 (SD 3.9), and 51.1% Females. The ADHD recurrence risk ratio (λ) was 12. The clinical factors mainly associated with the presence of ADHD, independent of sex and HPAd, were 1) Pregnancy and childbirth complications, 2) Delayed psychomotor development, 3) Temperament, and 4) Sleep disturbances. Our research showed that, independently of HPAd and the male sex, there were other clinical factors associated with ADHD and other psychiatric disorders in this population. These findings need to be replicated in similar populations globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan David Palacio-Ortiz
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría GIPSI, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Lino Palacios-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Epidemiologia Clínica, Programa PROMETEO/TDAH, Subdirección de investigaciones Clínicas, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramon de la Fuente, CDMX, Mexico
| | | | - Johanna Valencia-Echeverry
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría GIPSI, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Bowler A, Arichi T, Fearon P, Meaburn E, Begum-Ali J, Pascoe G, Johnson MH, Jones EJH, Ronald A. Phenotypic and Genetic Associations Between Preschool Fine Motor Skills and Later Neurodevelopment, Psychopathology, and Educational Achievement. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:849-858. [PMID: 38043695 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine motor skills are heritable and comprise important milestones in development, and some evidence suggests that impairments in fine motor skills are associated with neurodevelopmental conditions, psychiatric disorders, and poor educational outcomes. METHODS In a preregistered study of 9625 preschool children from TEDS (Twins Early Development Study), fine motor assessments (drawing, block building, folding, and questionnaires) were conducted at 2, 3, and 4 years of age. A cross-age fine motor score was derived using principal component analysis. Multivariate regression analysis was used to examine the relationships between the fine motor score and neurodevelopmental traits, psychopathology, and educational outcomes at 3 later ages (7-8, 12, and 16 years) and cross-age psychopathology composite scores. Polygenic scores (PGSs) were created for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, schizophrenia, anxiety, major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and years of education. We ran single-PGS models and a multi-PGS model. RESULTS Fine motor skills were negatively associated with neurodevelopmental traits and psychopathology across childhood and adolescence and positively associated with educational achievement in adolescence (β = 0.25, p < .001). Superior fine motor skills were associated with a higher years-of-education PGS (β = 0.07, p < .001), a lower ADHD PGS (β = -0.04, p = .011), and a higher anxiety PGS (β = 0.03, p = .040). Similarly, the multi-PGS model retained the PGSs for years of education (β = 0.07), ADHD (β = -0.03), and anxiety (β = 0.01). A non-preregistered analysis in an independent preschool sample replicated the ADHD PGS association, but not the years of education or anxiety PGS associations. CONCLUSIONS Fine motor skills are linked genetically and phenotypically to later neurodevelopment, psychopathology, and educational outcomes. Future work should investigate the mechanisms that underlie the role of fine motor development in later outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aislinn Bowler
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Tomoki Arichi
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pasco Fearon
- Centre for Family Research, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Meaburn
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jannath Begum-Ali
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Greg Pascoe
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark H Johnson
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emily J H Jones
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angelica Ronald
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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Chaulagain A, Lyhmann I, Halmøy A, Widding-Havneraas T, Nyttingnes O, Bjelland I, Mykletun A. A systematic meta-review of systematic reviews on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2023; 66:e90. [PMID: 37974470 PMCID: PMC10755583 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are now hundreds of systematic reviews on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) of variable quality. To help navigate this literature, we have reviewed systematic reviews on any topic on ADHD. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science and performed quality assessment according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis. A total of 231 systematic reviews and meta-analyses met the eligibility criteria. RESULTS The prevalence of ADHD was 7.2% for children and adolescents and 2.5% for adults, though with major uncertainty due to methodological variation in the existing literature. There is evidence for both biological and social risk factors for ADHD, but this evidence is mostly correlational rather than causal due to confounding and reverse causality. There is strong evidence for the efficacy of pharmacological treatment on symptom reduction in the short-term, particularly for stimulants. However, there is limited evidence for the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in mitigating adverse life trajectories such as educational attainment, employment, substance abuse, injuries, suicides, crime, and comorbid mental and somatic conditions. Pharmacotherapy is linked with side effects like disturbed sleep, reduced appetite, and increased blood pressure, but less is known about potential adverse effects after long-term use. Evidence of the efficacy of nonpharmacological treatments is mixed. CONCLUSIONS Despite hundreds of systematic reviews on ADHD, key questions are still unanswered. Evidence gaps remain as to a more accurate prevalence of ADHD, whether documented risk factors are causal, the efficacy of nonpharmacological treatments on any outcomes, and pharmacotherapy in mitigating the adverse outcomes associated with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashmita Chaulagain
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Lyhmann
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Halmøy
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tarjei Widding-Havneraas
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olav Nyttingnes
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvar Bjelland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Arnstein Mykletun
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Centre for Work and Mental Health, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
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Navalón P, Ghosn F, Ferrín M, Almansa B, Moreno-Giménez A, Campos-Berga L, Sahuquillo-Leal R, Diago V, Vento M, García-Blanco A. Temperamental and psychomotor predictors of ADHD symptoms in children born after a threatened preterm labour: a 6-year follow-up study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:2291-2301. [PMID: 36056973 PMCID: PMC10576661 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Children born after threatened preterm labour (TPL), regardless of whether it ends in preterm birth, may represent an undescribed "ADHD cluster". The aim of this cohort study is to identify early temperament and psychomotor manifestations and risk factors of TPL children who present ADHD symptoms. One hundred and seventeen mother-child pairs were followed from TPL diagnosis until the child's 6 years of life. TPL children were divided according to the prematurity status into three groups: full-term TPL (n = 26), late-preterm TPL (n = 53), and very-preterm TPL (n = 38). A non-TPL group (n = 50) served as control. Temperament and psychomotor development at age 6 months and ADHD symptoms at age 6 years were assessed. Perinatal and psychosocial factors were also recorded. All TPL groups showed higher severity of ADHD symptoms compared with non-TPL children (difference in means + 4.19 for the full-term group, + 3.64 for the late-preterm group, and + 4.99 for the very-preterm group, all ps < 0.021). Concretely, very-preterm and late-preterm TPL children showed higher restless/impulsive behaviours, whereas full-term TPL children showed higher emotional lability behaviours. Higher surgency/extraversion and delayed fine motor skills at age 6 months predicted ADHD symptoms at 6 years in TPL children. Male sex, maternal state anxiety symptoms at TPL diagnosis, low parental education, and past maternal experience of traumatic events predicted higher ADHD symptoms in TPL children. Therefore, TPL children may have a higher risk for developing ADHD symptoms, presenting a phenotype that depends on the prematurity status. Moreover, the specific combination of early manifestations and risk factors suggests that TPL children may conform an undescribed group at-risk of ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Navalón
- Neonatal Research Group, La Fe Health Research Institute, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
- Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Farah Ghosn
- Neonatal Research Group, La Fe Health Research Institute, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maite Ferrín
- Haringey Children and Adolescent Mental Health Service, National Health Service, London, UK
- ReCognition Health, London, UK
| | - Belén Almansa
- Neonatal Research Group, La Fe Health Research Institute, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alba Moreno-Giménez
- Neonatal Research Group, La Fe Health Research Institute, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Campos-Berga
- Neonatal Research Group, La Fe Health Research Institute, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
- Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Sahuquillo-Leal
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Diago
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Máximo Vento
- Neonatal Research Group, La Fe Health Research Institute, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
- Division of Neonatology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana García-Blanco
- Neonatal Research Group, La Fe Health Research Institute, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
- Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Waltereit J, Zimmer J, Roessner V, Waltereit R. Family and developmental history of female versus male adolescents with ADHD: diagnosis-specific overlap, few gender/sex differences. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1072735. [PMID: 37533883 PMCID: PMC10390694 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1072735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gender and sex differences in the development of children and adolescents are commonly found in the psychiatric examination. Family and developmental history is an important part of the clinical diagnostic interview, the basic examination technique. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with diagnosis-specific markers in family and development history. However, it is unclear to what extent ADHD-specific signs and narratives differ between females and males. The aim of this study was to assess and to compare the family and developmental history profiles of female versus male adolescents with ADHD. Methods Data were collected using the clinical diagnostic interview technique from parents of female and male patients diagnosed with ADHD (ICD-10 F90.0, F90.1 and F98.8) between the ages of 12 and 17 years (n = 92). The two groups were matched in pairs for sex, IQ and ICD-10 diagnosis (F90.0, F90.1 and F98.8). Interview data were operationalized in three categories: 0 - physiological marker, 1 - subclinical marker, 2 - clinical marker. The two groups were compared with two-way ANOVA. Results Information about female in comparison to male adolescents were reported in the parental interview with few differences. Conclusion Our study suggests that family and developmental history of the neurodevelopmental disorder ADHD is only poorly influenced by gender or sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Waltereit
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, LWL-Klinikum Marsberg, Marsberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Zimmer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Waltereit
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, LWL-Klinikum Marsberg, Marsberg, Germany
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Pujalte GGA, Narducci DM, Smith MS, King R, Logan K, Callender SS, Liebman CA, Kane SF, Israel MP, Wolf SF, Nuti R, Khodaee M. Athletes With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Position Statement of the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine. Clin J Sport Med 2023; 33:195-208. [PMID: 37185161 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Athletes of all ages may be affected by medical and mental health issues. Sports medicine physicians should be familiar with common conditions that may affect the well-being of athletes, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD behaviors have the potential to affect a person's ability to concentrate. It is likely that social and cognitive therapies combined with pharmacotherapy will be the most effective way to treat ADHD in athletes. Medications used for ADHD, especially stimulant types, are known to improve alertness, reaction time, anaerobic performance, and endurance, which would potentially improve athletic performance. Furthermore, stimulant medications may enable student athletes with ADHD to focus on academic studies for longer periods of time, beyond usual levels of fatigue, important for those who may be exhausted after practices and games. The purported performance enhancement effects and potential adverse effects of stimulant medications have prompted many sports governing bodies to ban prescription stimulants or establish strict rules for their use. Athletes taking physician-prescribed stimulants to treat ADHD need to provide the appropriate documentation for approval before competition or risk punitive measures. Physicians should strive to provide a high quality of care to athletes with ADHD through early diagnosis, appropriate and careful multidisciplinary treatment, and complete and timely documentation to facilitate continued sports participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- George G A Pujalte
- Department of Family Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Dusty Marie Narducci
- Department of Family Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Michael Seth Smith
- Sports Medicine Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Rebecca King
- Primary Care National Landing, Virginia Hospital Center, Arlington, Virginia
| | - Kelsey Logan
- Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Shelley Street Callender
- Departments of Pediatrics and Family Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia
| | - Catherine A Liebman
- Department Family Medicine and Community Health, Penn Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shawn F Kane
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael P Israel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Sigrid F Wolf
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Morteza Khodaee
- AF Williams Family Medicine Clinic, UCHealth, Denver, Colorado
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9
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Hannigan LJ, Askeland RB, Ask H, Tesli M, Corfield E, Ayorech Z, Magnus P, Njølstad PR, Øyen AS, Stoltenberg C, Andreassen OA, Ronald A, Smith GD, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Havdahl A. Developmental milestones in early childhood and genetic liability to neurodevelopmental disorders. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1750-1758. [PMID: 37310338 PMCID: PMC10106302 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721003330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Timing of developmental milestones, such as age at first walking, is associated with later diagnoses of neurodevelopmental disorders. However, its relationship to genetic risk for neurodevelopmental disorders in the general population is unknown. Here, we investigate associations between attainment of early-life language and motor development milestones and genetic liability to autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia. METHODS We use data from a genotyped sub-set (N = 25699) of children in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). We calculate polygenic scores (PGS) for autism, ADHD, and schizophrenia and predict maternal reports of children's age at first walking, first words, and first sentences, motor delays (18 months), and language delays and a generalised measure of concerns about development (3 years). We use linear and probit regression models in a multi-group framework to test for sex differences. RESULTS We found that ADHD PGS were associated with earlier walking age (β = -0.033, padj < 0.001) in both males and females. Additionally, autism PGS were associated with later walking (β = 0.039, padj = 0.006) in females only. No robust associations were observed for schizophrenia PGS or between any neurodevelopmental PGS and measures of language developmental milestone attainment. CONCLUSIONS Genetic liabilities for neurodevelopmental disorders show some specific associations with the age at which children first walk unsupported. Associations are small but robust and, in the case of autism PGS, differentiated by sex. These findings suggest that early-life motor developmental milestone attainment is associated with genetic liability to ADHD and autism in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie J. Hannigan
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragna Bugge Askeland
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Ask
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Tesli
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elizabeth Corfield
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ziada Ayorech
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Per Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Rasmus Njølstad
- Department of Clinical Science, KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne-Siri Øyen
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Stoltenberg
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Angelica Ronald
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexandra Havdahl
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Promenta Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Tobarra‐Sanchez E, Riglin L, Agha SS, Stergiakouli E, Thapar A, Langley K. Preschool development, temperament and genetic liability as early markers of childhood ADHD: A cohort study. JCPP ADVANCES 2022; 2:e12099. [PMID: 36478889 PMCID: PMC9716640 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ADHD is associated with multiple adverse outcomes and early identification is important. The present study sets out to identify early markers and developmental characteristics during the first 30 months of life that are associated with ADHD 6 years later. Methods 9201 participants from the prospective Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort were included. Outcome measures were parent-rated ADHD symptom scores (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ) and ADHD diagnosis (Development and Wellbeing Assessment, DAWBA) at age 7. Seventeen putative markers were identified from previous literature and included: pre- and peri-natal risk factors, genetic liability (ADHD polygenic risk scores, PRS), early development, temperament scores and regulatory problems. Associations were examined using regression analysis. Results Univariable regression analysis showed that multiple early life factors were associated with future ADHD outcomes, even after controlling for sex and socio-economic status. In a multivariable linear regression model; temperament activity scores (B = 0.107, CI = 0.083-0.132), vocabulary delay (B = 0.605, CI = 0.211-0.988), fine motor delay (B = 0.693, CI = 0.360-1.025) and ADHD PRS (B = 0.184, CI = 0.074-0.294) were associated with future symptoms (R 2 = 10.7%). In a multivariable logistic regression model, ADHD PRS (OR = 1.39, CI = 1.10-1.77) and temperament activity scores (OR = 1.09, CI = 1.04-1.16) showed association with ADHD diagnosis. Conclusion As well as male sex and lower socio-economic status, high temperament activity levels and motor and speech delays in the first 30 months of life, are associated with childhood ADHD. Intriguingly, given that genetic risk scores are known to explain little of the variance of ADHD outcomes, we found that ADHD PRS added useful predictive information. Future research needs to test whether predictive models incorporating aspects of early development and genetic risk scores are useful for predicting ADHD in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Tobarra‐Sanchez
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry SectionDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences and MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsSchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health BoardCardiffUK
| | - Lucy Riglin
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry SectionDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences and MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsSchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Sharifah S. Agha
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry SectionDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences and MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsSchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health BoardCardiffUK
| | - Evie Stergiakouli
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Population Health SciencesBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Anita Thapar
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry SectionDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences and MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsSchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Kate Langley
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry SectionDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences and MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsSchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- School of PsychologyCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
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