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Hirabayashi T, Tanaka M, Matsumoto T, Maeshige N, Kondo H, Fujino H. Preventive effects of medium-chain triglycerides supplementation on the oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle under cachectic condition. Biomed Res 2021; 41:179-186. [PMID: 32801267 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.41.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cachexia is a multifactorial condition characterized by muscle mass loss and induces metabolic dysfunction of the skeletal muscles. The preventive effects of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) supplementation on the oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle under cachectic condition were investigated in the present study. ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups; control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS plus long-chain triglycerides (LCT) and LPS plus MCT supplementation. LCT and MCT oil were administered to the LPS + LCT and LPS + MCT groups orally (5.0 g/kg body weight/day) by a catheter for one week. Cachexia was induced in the LPS, LPS + LCT, and LPS + MCT groups via LPS injection (7.5 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) after the supplementation. LPS induced a reduction of ketone bodies concentration in blood plasma. LPS also induced a decrease in succinate dehydrogenase activity and PGC-1α expression level in tibialis anterior muscles. Meanwhile, MCT supplementation suppressed a decrease in ketone bodies concentration and succinate dehydrogenase activity. In addition, MCT supplementation increased the level of citrate synthase activity in the muscles. These results suggested the preventive effect of MCT supplementation on oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle and the involvements of ketone bodies regulation under cachectic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Hirabayashi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences.,Department of Rehabilitation, Nose Hospital
| | - Minoru Tanaka
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences.,Department of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Health Science University
| | - Tomohiro Matsumoto
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University
| | - Noriaki Maeshige
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences
| | - Hiroyo Kondo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nagoya Women's University
| | - Hidemi Fujino
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences
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Ali MM, McMillan RP, Fausnacht DW, Kavanaugh JW, Harvey MM, Stevens JR, Wu Y, Mynatt RL, Hulver MW. Muscle-Specific Deletion of Toll-like Receptor 4 Impairs Metabolic Adaptation to Wheel Running in Mice. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:1161-1169. [PMID: 33315811 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is an inflammatory receptor expressed ubiquitously in immune cells as well as skeletal muscle and other metabolic tissues. Skeletal muscle develops favorable inflammation-mediated metabolic adaptations from exercise training. Multiple inflammatory myokines, downstream from TLR4, are proposed links to the metabolic benefits of exercise. In addition, activation of TLR4 alters skeletal muscle substrate preference. The role of skeletal muscle TLR4 (mTLR4) in exercise metabolism has not previously been investigated. Herein, we aimed to specifically test the significance of mTLR4 to exercise-induced metabolic adaptations. METHODS We developed a novel muscle-specific TLR4 knockout (mTLR4-/-) mouse model on C57BL/6J background. Male mTLR4-/- mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were compared under sedentary (SED) and voluntary wheel running (WR) conditions for 4 wk. RESULTS mTLR4 deletion revealed marked reductions in downstream interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 (IRAK4) phosphorylation. In addition, the disruption of mTLR4 signaling prominently blunted the metabolic adaptations in WR-mTLR4-/- mice as opposed to substantial improvements exhibited by the WT counterparts. Voluntary WR in WT mice, relative to SED, resulted in significant increases in skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation, glucose oxidation, and associated mitochondrial enzyme activities, all of which were not significantly changed in mTLR4-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS This study introduces a novel mTLR4-/- mouse model and identifies mTLR4 as an immunomodulatory effector of exercise-induced metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M Ali
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | | | - Dane W Fausnacht
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - John W Kavanaugh
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Mordecai M Harvey
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Joseph R Stevens
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Yaru Wu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
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Hirabayashi T, Nakanishi R, Tanaka M, Nisa BU, Maeshige N, Kondo H, Fujino H. Reduced metabolic capacity in fast and slow skeletal muscle via oxidative stress and the energy-sensing of AMPK/SIRT1 in malnutrition. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14763. [PMID: 33650806 PMCID: PMC7923585 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of malnutrition on skeletal muscle result in not only the loss of muscle mass but also fatigue intolerance. It remains unknown whether the metabolic capacity is related to the fiber type composition of skeletal muscle under malnourished condition although malnutrition resulted in preferential atrophy in fast muscle. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of metabolic capacity in fast and slow muscles via the energy-sensing of AMPK and SIRT1 in malnutrition. Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and malnutrition groups. The rats in the malnutrition group were provided with a low-protein diet, and daily food intake was limited to 50% for 12 weeks. Malnutrition with hypoalbuminemia decreased the body weight and induced the loss of plantaris muscle mass, but there was little change in the soleus muscle. An increase in the superoxide level in the plasma and a decrease in SOD-2 protein expression in both muscles were observed in the malnutrition group. In addition, the expression level of AMPK in the malnutrition group increased in both muscles. Conversely, the expression level of SIRT1 decreased in both muscles of the malnutrition group. In addition, malnutrition resulted in a decrease in the expression levels of PGC-1α and PINK protein, and induced a decrease in the levels of two key mitochondrial enzymes (succinate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase) and COX IV protein expression in both muscles. These results indicate that malnutrition impaired the metabolic capacity in both fast and slow muscles via AMPK-independent SIRT1 inhibition induced by increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Hirabayashi
- Department of Rehabilitation ScienceKobe University Graduate School of Health SciencesKobeJapan
- Department of RehabilitationNose HospitalKobeJapan
| | - Ryosuke Nakanishi
- Department of Rehabilitation ScienceKobe University Graduate School of Health SciencesKobeJapan
- Faculty of RehabilitationKobe International UniversityKobeJapan
| | - Minoru Tanaka
- Department of Rehabilitation ScienceKobe University Graduate School of Health SciencesKobeJapan
- Department of Rehabilitation ScienceOsaka Health Science UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Badur un Nisa
- Department of Rehabilitation ScienceKobe University Graduate School of Health SciencesKobeJapan
| | - Noriaki Maeshige
- Department of Rehabilitation ScienceKobe University Graduate School of Health SciencesKobeJapan
| | - Hiroyo Kondo
- Department of Rehabilitation ScienceKobe University Graduate School of Health SciencesKobeJapan
- Department of Food Science and NutritionNagoya Women’s UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Hidemi Fujino
- Department of Rehabilitation ScienceKobe University Graduate School of Health SciencesKobeJapan
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NAKAMOTO I, ISHIHARA A. Effects of Voluntary Running Exercise on Skeletal Muscle Properties in Nonobese Rats with Type 2 Diabetes. Physiol Res 2020; 69:73-84. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscles of animals and humans with type 2 diabetes have decreased oxidative capacity. Aerobic exercise can improve muscle oxidative capacity, but no data are available on the amount of exercise required. We investigated the effects of voluntary running exercise and running distance on the skeletal muscle properties of nonobese rats with type 2 diabetes. Six-week-old male diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats were divided into nonexercised (GK) and exercised (GK-Ex) groups. The rats in the GK-Ex group were permitted voluntary running exercise on wheels for 6 weeks. Age-matched male Wistar rats (WR) were used as nondiabetic controls. Fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels were higher in the GK and GK-Ex groups than in the WR group and lower in the GK-Ex group than in the GK group. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (Pgc-1α) mRNA levels in the soleus and plantaris muscles were higher in the WR and GK-Ex groups than in the GK group. HbA1c and total cholesterol levels were negatively correlated with running distance and SDH activity and Pgc-1α mRNA levels in the soleus muscle were positively correlated with running distance. The onset and progression of diabetes in nonobese diabetic rats were effectively inhibited by running longer distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. NAKAMOTO
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A. ISHIHARA
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Shiragaki-Ogitani M, Kono K, Nara F, Aoyagi A. Neuromuscular stimulation ameliorates ischemia-induced walking impairment in the rat claudication model. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:885-893. [PMID: 31388976 PMCID: PMC10717074 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intermittent claudication (IC) is the most common symptom of peripheral arterial disease which significantly deteriorates the quality of life of patients. Exercise training is by far the most effective treatment for IC; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. To determine the local mechanisms by which exercise training improves walking performance in claudicants, we developed an implantable device to locally induce ischemic skeletal muscle contraction mimicking exercise via electrical stimulation (ES). Rats were assigned to four groups, Sham, Ischemia (Isch), Isch + exercise and Isch + ES groups. Following both unilateral femoral and iliac artery occlusion, rats showed sustained impairment of walking performance in the treadmill test. Chronic low-frequency ES of ischemic skeletal muscles for 2 weeks significantly recovered the occlusion-induced walking impairment in the rat claudication model. We further analyzed the ischemic skeletal muscles immunohistochemically following ES or exercise training; both ES and exercise training significantly increased capillaries in the ischemic skeletal muscles and shifted the muscle fibers toward oxidative types. These findings demonstrate that ES takes on common features of exercise in the rat claudication model, which may facilitate investigations on the local mechanisms of exercise-induced functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Shiragaki-Ogitani
- Venture Science Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan.
| | - Keita Kono
- Global Project Management Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan
| | - Futoshi Nara
- Ube Industries, Ltd. Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratory, 1978-5, Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8633, Japan
| | - Atsushi Aoyagi
- Venture Science Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan
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Ishihara A. Effects of exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen during unloading on muscle properties in rats. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 40:365-372. [PMID: 31264074 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen during unloading on the properties of the soleus muscle in rats, because exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen enhances oxidative metabolism in cells and tissues. Therefore, exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen should inhibit the unloading-induced degenerative changes in skeletal muscles. One group of 7-week-old male Wistar rats were unloaded by hindlimb suspension for 2 weeks (HU, n = 12). A second group of age-matched rats were exposed to mild hyperbaric oxygen at 1317 hPa with 40% oxygen for 3 h a day during hindlimb suspension (HU + MHO, n = 12). A third group of age-matched rats without hindlimb suspension and exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen were assigned as the controls (WR, n = 12). Soleus muscle weight (per body weight), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (Pgc-1α) mRNA levels were lower in the HU and HU + MHO groups than in the WR group, and these were higher in the HU + MHO group than in the HU group. The unloading-induced type shift from type I to type IIA fibers was inhibited by exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen during unloading. It is concluded that the unloading-induced decrease in soleus muscle weight (per body weight) and type shift from type I to type IIA fibers in the soleus muscle were partially inhibited by exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen during unloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Ishihara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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7
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Abstract
Adequate oxygen supply by exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen at appropriately high atmospheric pressure (1266-1317 hPa) and increased oxygen concentration (35-40% oxygen) has a possibility of improving the oxidative metabolism in cells and tissues without barotrauma and excessive production of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, metabolic syndrome and lifestyle-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes and hypertension, in rats were inhibited and/or improved by exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen. It accelerated the growth-induced increase in oxidative capacity of the skeletal muscle in rats and inhibited the age-related decrease in oxidative capacity of the skeletal muscle in mice. A decrease in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of mice with Parkinson's disease was inhibited by exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen. This review describes the beneficial effects of exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen on some metabolic diseases and their perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Ishihara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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Nagatomo F, Takemura A, Roy RR, Fujino H, Kondo H, Ishihara A. Mild hyperbaric oxygen inhibits the growth-related decline in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and prevents hyperglycemia in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes 2018; 10:753-763. [PMID: 29633563 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans and animals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibit low skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and impaired glucose metabolism. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen on these changes in obese rats with T2DM. METHODS Five-week-old non-diabetic Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) and diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were divided into normobaric (LETO-NB and OLETF-NB) and mild hyperbaric oxygen (LETO-MHO and OLETF-MHO) groups. The LETO-MHO and OLETF-MHO groups received 1266 hPa with 36% oxygen for 3 h daily for 22 weeks. RESULTS Fasting and non-fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and triglyceride levels were lower in the OLETF-MHO group than in the OLETF-NB group (P < 0.05). In the soleus muscle, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ/β (Pparδ/β), Pparγ, and PPARγ coactivator-1α (Pgc-1α) mRNA levels were lower in the OLETF-NB group than in all other groups (P < 0.05), whereas myogenin (Myog) and myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) mRNA levels were higher in the OLETF-MHO group than in the LETO-NB and OLETF-NB groups (P < 0.05). The soleus muscles in the OLETF-NB group contained only low-oxidative Type I fibers, whereas those in all other groups contained high-oxidative Type IIA and Type IIC fibers in addition to Type I fibers. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen inhibits the decline in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and prevents the hyperglycemia associated with T2DM. Pgc-1α, Myog, and Myf5 mRNA levels appear to be closely associated with skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in rats with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Nagatomo
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ai Takemura
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Roland R Roy
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hidemi Fujino
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Kondo
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Nagoya Women's University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishihara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Muñoz VR, Gaspar RC, Crisol BM, Formigari GP, Sant'Ana MR, Botezelli JD, Gaspar RS, da Silva ASR, Cintra DE, de Moura LP, Ropelle ER, Pauli JR. Physical exercise reduces pyruvate carboxylase (PCB) and contributes to hyperglycemia reduction in obese mice. J Physiol Sci 2018; 68:493-501. [PMID: 28710665 PMCID: PMC10717866 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-017-0559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of exercise training on pyruvate carboxylase protein (PCB) levels in hepatic tissue and glucose homeostasis control in obese mice. Swiss mice were distributed into three groups: control mice (CTL), fed a standard rodent chow; diet-induced obesity (DIO), fed an obesity-inducing diet; and a third group, which also received an obesity-inducing diet, but was subjected to an exercise training protocol (DIO + EXE). Protocol training was carried out for 1 h/d, 5 d/wk, for 8 weeks, performed at an intensity of 60% of exhaustion velocity. An insulin tolerance test (ITT) was performed in the last experimental week. Twenty-four hours after the last physical exercise session, the animals were euthanized and the liver was harvested for molecular analysis. Firstly, DIO mice showed increased epididymal fat and serum glucose and these results were accompanied by increased PCB and decreased p-Akt in hepatic tissue. On the other hand, physical exercise was able to increase the performance of the mice and attenuate PCB levels and hyperglycemia in DIO + EXE mice. The above findings show that physical exercise seems to be able to regulate hyperglycemia in obese mice, suggesting the participation of PCB, which was enhanced in the obese condition and attenuated after a treadmill running protocol. This is the first study to be aimed at the role of exercise training in hepatic PCB levels, which may be a novel mechanism that can collaborate to reduce the development of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes in DIO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Rosetto Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Calais Gaspar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barbara Moreira Crisol
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcella Ramos Sant'Ana
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Diego Botezelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Stellzer Gaspar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- OCRC-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- OCRC-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- CEPECE-Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- OCRC-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- CEPECE-Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
- OCRC-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
- CEPECE-Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Takemura A, Roy RR, Yoshihara I, Ishihara A. Unloading-induced atrophy and decreased oxidative capacity of the soleus muscle in rats are reversed by pre- and postconditioning with mild hyperbaric oxygen. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/14/e13353. [PMID: 28743823 PMCID: PMC5532487 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to determine the effects of pre- and/or postconditioning with mild hyperbaric oxygen (1.25 atmospheric pressure, 36% oxygen for 3 h/day) on the properties of the soleus muscle that was atrophied by hindlimb suspension-induced unloading. Twelve groups of 8-week-old rats were housed under normobaric conditions (1 atmospheric pressure, 20.9% oxygen) or exposed to mild hyperbaric oxygen for 2 weeks. Ten groups then were housed under normobaric conditions for 2 weeks with their hindlimbs either unloaded via suspension or not unloaded. Six groups subsequently were either housed under normobaric conditions or exposed to mild hyperbaric oxygen for 2 weeks: the suspended groups were allowed to recover under reloaded conditions (unrestricted normal cage activity). Muscle weights, cross-sectional areas of all fiber types, oxidative capacity (muscle succinate dehydrogenase activity and fiber succinate dehydrogenase staining intensity) decreased, and a shift of fibers from type I to type IIA and type IIC was observed after hindlimb unloading. In addition, mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α decreased, whereas those of forkhead box-containing protein O1 increased after hindlimb unloading. Muscle atrophy and decreased oxidative capacity were unaffected by either pre- or postconditioning with mild hyperbaric oxygen. In contrast, these changes were followed by a return to nearly normal levels after 2 weeks of reloading when pre- and postconditioning were combined. Therefore, a combination of pre- and postconditioning with mild hyperbaric oxygen can be effective against the atrophy and decreased oxidative capacity of skeletal muscles associated with hindlimb unloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Takemura
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Roland R Roy
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ikumi Yoshihara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishihara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Caffeoylquinic Acid-Rich Extract of Aster glehni F. Schmidt Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver through the Regulation of PPAR δ and Adiponectin in ApoE KO Mice. PPAR Res 2017; 2017:3912567. [PMID: 29201040 PMCID: PMC5672637 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3912567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aster glehni is well known for its therapeutic properties. This study was performed to investigate the effects of A. glehni on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in atherosclerotic condition, by determining the levels of biomarkers related to lipid metabolism and inflammation in serum, liver, and adipose tissue. Body and abdominal adipose tissue weights and serum triglyceride level decreased in all groups treated with A. glehni. Serum adiponectin concentration and protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ, 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, superoxide dismutase, and PPARγ coactivator 1-alpha in liver tissues increased in the groups treated with A. glehni. Conversely, protein levels of ATP citrate lyase, fatty acid synthase, tumor necrosis factor α, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and the concentrations of interleukin 6 and reactive oxygen species decreased upon A. glehni. Triglyceride concentration in the liver was lower in mice treated with A. glehni than in control mice. Lipid accumulation in HepG2 and 3T3-L1 cells decreased upon A. glehni treatment; this effect was suppressed in the presence of the PPARδ antagonist, GSK0660. Our findings suggest that A. glehni extracts may ameliorate NAFLD through regulation of PPARδ, adiponectin, and the related subgenes.
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Fimasartan Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through PPAR δ Regulation in Hyperlipidemic and Hypertensive Conditions. PPAR Res 2017; 2017:8048720. [PMID: 28386270 PMCID: PMC5366769 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8048720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of fimasartan on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in hyperlipidemic and hypertensive conditions, the levels of biomarkers related to fatty acid metabolism were determined in HepG2 and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells treated by high fatty acid and liver and visceral fat tissue samples of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) given high-fat diet. In HepG2 cells and liver tissues, fimasartan was shown to increase the protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ), phosphorylated 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (p-ACC), malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD), medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), and it led to a decrease in the protein levels of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSDH1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Fimasartan decreased lipid contents in HepG2 and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells and liver tissues. In addition, fimasartan increased the adiponectin level in visceral fat tissues. The antiadipogenic effects of fimasartan were offset by PPARδ antagonist (GSK0660). Consequently, fimasartan ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease mainly through the activation of oxidative metabolism represented by PPARδ-AMPK-PGC-1α pathway.
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Tanaka K, Tanaka M, Takegaki J, Fujino H. Preventive effects of electrical stimulation on inflammation-induced muscle mitochondrial dysfunction. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:464-70. [PMID: 27209425 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cachexia is a complex metabolic syndrome associated with underlying chronic diseases and is characterized by the overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), which impair muscle oxidative metabolism. We hypothesized that electrical stimulation (ES) would prevent decrement in muscle oxidative metabolism by suppressing the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, a critical regulator of inflammatory response. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to verify the effects of ES on inflammatory-induced decrement of oxidative metabolism in mice tibialis anterior muscles. ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups: control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection for 4days, and LPS injection plus ES (LPS+ES). Cachexia was induced in the animals in the LPS groups via LPS injection (10mg/kg body weight/day, i.p.) during the intervention period. The animals in the LPS+ES group were stimulated electrically (carrier frequency, 2500Hz; modulation frequency, 100Hz; duration, 240s/day; type of contraction, isometric) during the intervention period. LPS injection resulted in decreased body and muscle wet weight and increased expression of TNF-α in plasma and skeletal muscle. In addition, LPS injection decreased indicators of mitochondrial function such as succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and citrate synthase (CS) activity as well as the expression of PGC-1ɑ, and increased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. On the other hand, the intervention of ES attenuated the changes in muscle wet weight, SDH activity, CS activity, p38 MAPK, and PGC-1ɑ. These results suggest that ES could prevent decrement in muscle oxidative metabolism induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines in cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Tanaka
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Kobe 654-0142, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanaka
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Kobe 654-0142, Japan; Department of Physical Therapy, Osaka Yukioka College of Health Science, 1-1-41 Sojiji, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0801, Japan
| | - Junya Takegaki
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hidemi Fujino
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Kobe 654-0142, Japan.
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Takemura A, Ishihara A. Mild Hyperbaric Oxygen Inhibits Growth-related Decrease in Muscle Oxidative Capacity of Rats with Metabolic Syndrome. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016; 24:26-38. [PMID: 27237220 PMCID: PMC5225130 DOI: 10.5551/jat.34686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: We examined the effects of mild hyperbaric oxygen on the properties of the soleus muscle in rats with metabolic syndrome. Methods: Five-week-old metabolic syndrome (SHR/NDmcr-cp, cp/cp) rats were divided into normobaric (CP) and mild hyperbaric oxygen (CP-H) groups (n = 5/group). In addition, 5-week-old Wistar rats were assigned as the normobaric control (WR) group (n = 5). The CP-H group was exposed to 1.25 atmospheres absolute with 36% oxygen for 3 h daily for 16 weeks. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (Pgc-1α) in the soleus muscle were examined. The fiber type composition, cross-sectional areas, and SDH staining intensity in the soleus muscle were also examined. Results: The CP-H group showed lower fasting and nonfasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, and systolic blood pressure levels; higher adiponectin levels; and higher SDH activity and mRNA levels of Pgc-1α in the muscle than the CP group. Compared with the CP group, the CP-H group had a lower percentage of type I fibers and observed type IIA fibers in the muscle. The CP-H group also had higher SDH staining intensity of type I and type IIC fibers in the muscle than the CP group. No differences in these values were observed in the muscles of the WR and CP-H groups. Conclusion: Mild hyperbaric oxygen inhibited growth-related increase in blood glucose levels and decrease in muscle oxidative capacity of rats with metabolic syndrome because of improved oxidative metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Takemura
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University
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15
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Jung S, Ahn N, Kim S, Byun J, Joo Y, Kim S, Jung Y, Park S, Hwang I, Kim K. The effect of ladder-climbing exercise on atrophy/hypertrophy-related myokine expression in middle-aged male Wistar rats. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65:515-21. [PMID: 26223833 PMCID: PMC10717129 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0388-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the change in myokine expression related to hypertrophy (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10) and atrophy (TNF-α, NFκB, IL-1β) in middle-aged rats after resistance exercise with ladder climbing. 50- and 10-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to two groups: the sedentary and exercise groups. The exercise groups underwent a ladder-climbing exercise for 8 weeks. While the tibialis anterior muscle mass in the young group significantly increased after the ladder-climbing exercise, the middle-aged group did not show any changes after undergoing the same exercise. To understand the molecular mechanism causing this difference, we analyzed the change in hypertrophy- and atrophy-related myokine levels from the tibialis anterior muscle. After 8 weeks of ladder-climbing exercise, the IL-4 and IL-10 protein levels did not change. However, the IL-6 level significantly increased after exercise training, but the amount of increase in the young training group was higher than in the middle-aged training group. IL-1β and TNF-α as well as NFκB protein levels were significantly higher in the middle-aged group than in the young group. Except for TNF-α, exercise training did not affect IL-1β and NFκB protein levels. The TNF-α level significantly decreased in the middle-aged exercise training group. AMPK and PGC-1α levels also significantly increased after exercise training, but there was no difference between age-related groups. Therefore, 8-week high-intensity exercise training using ladder climbing downregulates the skeletal muscle production of myokine involved in atrophy and upregulates hypertrophic myokine. However, the extent of these responses was lower in the middle-aged than young group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryun Jung
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeuldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 704-701, Korea
| | - Nayoung Ahn
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeuldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 704-701, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Kim
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeuldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 704-701, Korea
| | - Jayoung Byun
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeuldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 704-701, Korea
| | - Youngsik Joo
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeuldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 704-701, Korea
| | - Sungwook Kim
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeuldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 704-701, Korea
| | - Yeunho Jung
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeuldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 704-701, Korea
| | - Solee Park
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeuldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 704-701, Korea
| | - Ilseon Hwang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeuldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 704-701, Korea
| | - Kijin Kim
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeuldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 704-701, Korea.
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16
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Ishihara A, Nagatomo F, Terada M, Fujino H, Kondo H, Ishioka N. Effects of microgravity on the mouse triceps brachii muscle. Muscle Nerve 2015; 52:63-8. [PMID: 25307981 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study we investigated the effects of microgravity on the fiber properties of the mouse triceps brachii, a forelimb muscle that has no antigravity function. METHODS Mice (n = 7) were exposed to microgravity for 13 days on the space shuttle Atlantis (Space Transportation System-135). The fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) staining intensity of the triceps brachii muscle were compared with those of controls (n = 7). SDH activity in this muscle was also estimated. RESULTS Microgravity did not affect the body weight, muscle weight, or fiber CSA, but there was reduced SDH staining intensity of all types of fibers, irrespective of the muscle region (P < 0.05). Microgravity also reduced muscle SDH activity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to microgravity induced a decrease in oxidative capacity, but not atrophy, in the triceps brachii muscle of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Ishihara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Fumiko Nagatomo
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Cell Biology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemi Fujino
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Kondo
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Nagoya Women's University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ishioka
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
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Beaudry JL, Dunford EC, Leclair E, Mandel ER, Peckett AJ, Haas TL, Riddell MC. Voluntary exercise improves metabolic profile in high-fat fed glucocorticoid-treated rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 118:1331-43. [PMID: 25792713 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00467.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is rapidly induced in young male Sprague-Dawley rats following treatment with exogenous corticosterone (CORT) and a high-fat diet (HFD). Regular exercise alleviates insulin insensitivity and improves pancreatic β-cell function in insulin-resistant/diabetic rodents, but its effect in an animal model of elevated glucocorticoids is unknown. We examined the effect of voluntary exercise (EX) on diabetes development in CORT-HFD-treated male Sprague-Dawley rats (∼6 wk old). Animals were acclimatized to running wheels for 2 wk, then given a HFD, either wax (placebo) or CORT pellets, and split into 4 groups: placebo-sedentary (SED) or -EX and CORT-SED or -EX. After 2 wk of running combined with treatment, CORT-EX animals had reduced visceral adiposity, and increased skeletal muscle type IIb/x fiber area, oxidative capacity, capillary-to-fiber ratio and insulin sensitivity compared with CORT-SED animals (all P < 0.05). Although CORT-EX animals still had fasting hyperglycemia, these values were significantly improved compared with CORT-SED animals (14.3 ± 1.6 vs. 18.8 ± 0.9 mM). In addition, acute in vivo insulin response to an oral glucose challenge was enhanced ∼2-fold in CORT-EX vs. CORT-SED (P < 0.05) which was further demonstrated ex vivo in isolated islets. We conclude that voluntary wheel running in rats improves, but does not fully normalize, the metabolic profile and skeletal muscle composition of animals administered CORT and HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline L Beaudry
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, Muscle Health Research Center and Physical Activity and Chronic Disease Unit, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily C Dunford
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, Muscle Health Research Center and Physical Activity and Chronic Disease Unit, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erwan Leclair
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, Muscle Health Research Center and Physical Activity and Chronic Disease Unit, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erin R Mandel
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, Muscle Health Research Center and Physical Activity and Chronic Disease Unit, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley J Peckett
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, Muscle Health Research Center and Physical Activity and Chronic Disease Unit, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tara L Haas
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, Muscle Health Research Center and Physical Activity and Chronic Disease Unit, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael C Riddell
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, Muscle Health Research Center and Physical Activity and Chronic Disease Unit, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Yada K, Matoba H. Vitamin C supplementation does not alter high-intensity endurance training-induced mitochondrial biogenesis in rat epitrochlearis muscle. J Physiol Sci 2014; 64:113-8. [PMID: 24371033 PMCID: PMC10717740 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-013-0300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether vitamin C supplementation prevents high-intensity intermittent endurance training-induced mitochondrial biogenesis in the skeletal muscle. Male Wistar-strain rats were assigned to one of five groups: a control group, training group, small dose vitamin C supplemented training group, middle dose vitamin C supplemented training group, and large dose vitamin C supplemented training group. The rats of the trained groups were subjected to intense intermittent swimming training. The vitamin C supplemented groups were administrated vitamin C for the pretraining and training periods. High-intensity intermittent swimming training without vitamin C supplementation significantly increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α protein content and citrate synthase activity in the epitrochlearis muscle. The vitamin C supplementation did not alter the training-induced increase of these regardless of the dose of vitamin C supplementation. The results demonstrate that vitamin C supplementation does not prevent high-intensity intermittent training-induced mitochondrial biogenesis in the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Yada
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 1-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima, 770-8502, Japan,
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19
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Sakr HF, Al-Hashem FH, El-Naby WMH, Alkhateeb MA, Zaki MSA, Refaey HME, Morsy MD. Preventive roles of swimming exercise and pioglitazone treatment on hepatic dysfunction in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:162-70. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pioglitazone (Pio) and swimming exercise (SE) are insulin sensitisers. This investigation was suggested because of the significant side effects associated with Pio treatment in metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study was, therefore, designed to investigate the preventive role of Pio treatment and SE in terms of efficiency and pathological changes in MetS in a rat model. Sixty male Sprague–Dawley rats were distributed equally among 6 groups: (i) control group (C), (ii) exercised control group (C+E), (iii) Pio-treated control group (C+Pio), (iv) group with MetS, (v) group with MetS treated with Pio (MetS+Pio), and (vi) exercised MetS group (MetS+E). Systolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured at the end of the experiments (16 weeks). Retro-orbital blood samples were used to determine the serum levels of glucose, insulin, lipids, gamma glutamyl transferase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, fetuin-A, and adiponectin. Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase – PCR insulin gene expression assays and hepatic histopathological examination were conducted. Swimming exercise significantly improved all of the aforementioned parameters, more so than the Pio treatment. In particular, the serum hepatic enzyme levels and hepatic histopathological changes were improved compared with the MetS group. These results suggested that swimming exercise might be an alternative physiological preventive tool against hepatic dysfunction to avoid the side effects associated with Pio treatment, and this could be demonstrated in a rat model of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein F. Sakr
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 64121, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, PO Box 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Fahaid H. Al-Hashem
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 64121, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mahmoud A. Alkhateeb
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 64121, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Samir A. Zaki
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 64121, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham M. El Refaey
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 64121, Saudi Arabia
- Al Azhar University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed D. Morsy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 64121, Saudi Arabia
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Kitaoka Y, Takahashi Y, Machida M, Takeda K, Takemasa T, Hatta H. Effect of AMPK activation on monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)1 and MCT4 in denervated muscle. J Physiol Sci 2014; 64:59-64. [PMID: 24081524 PMCID: PMC10717869 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-013-0290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
It is now evident that exercise training leads to increases in monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)1 and MCT4, but little is known about the mechanisms of coupling muscle contraction with these changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) induced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on MCT1, MCT4, and GLUT4 in denervated muscle. Protein levels of MCT4 and GLUT4 after 10 days of denervation were significantly decreased in mice gastrocnemius muscle, while MCT1 protein levels were not altered. AICAR treatment for 10 days significantly increased MCT4, and GLUT4 protein levels in innervated muscle as shown in previous studies. We found that the MCT1 protein level was also increased in AICAR treated innervated muscle. AICAR treatment prevented the decline in MCT4 and GLUT4 protein levels in denervated muscle. Thus, the current study suggests that MCT1 and MCT4 protein expression in muscles, as well as GLUT4, may be regulated by AMPK-mediated signal pathways, and AMPK activation can prevent denervation-induced decline in MCT4 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kitaoka
- Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902 Japan
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574 Japan
| | - Yumiko Takahashi
- Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902 Japan
| | - Masanao Machida
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574 Japan
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 4, 1-1-4 Higashi, Tsukuba Science City, 305-8562 Japan
| | - Kohei Takeda
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574 Japan
| | - Tohru Takemasa
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574 Japan
| | - Hideo Hatta
- Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902 Japan
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21
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New insights in the regulation of skeletal muscle PGC-1α by exercise and metabolic diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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