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Magliocca G, Esposito E, Tufano M, Piccialli I, Rubino V, Tedeschi V, Sisalli MJ, Carriero F, Ruggiero G, Secondo A, Annunziato L, Scorziello A, Pannaccione A. Involvement of K V3.4 Channel in Parkinson's Disease: A Key Player in the Control of Midbrain and Striatum Differential Vulnerability during Disease Progression? Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:999. [PMID: 39199246 PMCID: PMC11351402 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly, is characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons and accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn), mitochondrial dysfunction, Ca2+ dyshomeostasis, and neuroinflammation. Since current treatments for PD merely address symptoms, there is an urgent need to identify the PD pathophysiological mechanisms to develop better therapies. Increasing evidence has identified KV3.4, a ROS-sensitive KV channel carrying fast-inactivating currents, as a potential therapeutic target against neurodegeneration. In fact, it has been hypothesized that KV3.4 channels could play a role in PD etiopathogenesis, controlling astrocytic activation and detrimental pathways in A53T mice, a well-known model of familial PD. Here, we showed that the A53T midbrain, primarily involved in the initial phase of PD pathogenesis, displayed an early upregulation of the KV3.4 channel at 4 months, followed by its reduction at 12 months, compared with age-matched WT. On the other hand, in the A53T striatum, the expression of KV3.4 remained high at 12 months, decreasing thereafter, in 16-month-old mice. The proteomic profile highlighted a different detrimental phenotype in A53T brain areas. In fact, the A53T striatum and midbrain differently expressed neuroprotective/detrimental pathways, with the variation of astrocytic p27kip1, XIAP, and Smac/DIABLO expression. Of note, a switch from protective to detrimental phenotype was characterized by the upregulation of Smac/DIABLO and downregulation of p27kip1 and XIAP. This occurred earlier in the A53T midbrain, at 12 months, compared with the striatum proteomic profile. In accordance, an upregulation of Smac/DIABLO and a downregulation of p27kip1 occurred in the A53T striatum only at 16 months, showing the slowest involvement of this brain area. Of interest, HIF-1α overexpression was associated with the detrimental profile in midbrain and its major vulnerability. At the cellular level, patch-clamp recordings revealed that primary A53T striatum astrocytes showed hyperpolarized resting membrane potentials and lower firing frequency associated with KV3.4 ROS-dependent hyperactivity, whereas primary A53T midbrain astrocytes displayed a depolarized resting membrane potential accompanied by a slight increase of KV3.4 currents. Accordingly, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis was significantly altered in A53T midbrain astrocytes, in which the ER Ca2+ level was lower than in A53T striatum astrocytes and the respective littermate controls. Collectively, these results suggest that the early KV3.4 overexpression and ROS-dependent hyperactivation in astrocytes could take part in the different vulnerabilities of midbrain and striatum, highlighting astrocytic KV3.4 as a possible new therapeutic target in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Magliocca
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (E.E.); (M.T.); (I.P.); (V.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Emilia Esposito
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (E.E.); (M.T.); (I.P.); (V.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Michele Tufano
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (E.E.); (M.T.); (I.P.); (V.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Ilaria Piccialli
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (E.E.); (M.T.); (I.P.); (V.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Valentina Rubino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (M.J.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Valentina Tedeschi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (E.E.); (M.T.); (I.P.); (V.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Maria Jose Sisalli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (M.J.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Flavia Carriero
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Ruggiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (M.J.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Agnese Secondo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (E.E.); (M.T.); (I.P.); (V.T.); (A.S.)
| | | | - Antonella Scorziello
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (E.E.); (M.T.); (I.P.); (V.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Pannaccione
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (E.E.); (M.T.); (I.P.); (V.T.); (A.S.)
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Heteromerization of Dopamine D2 and Oxytocin Receptor in Adult Striatal Astrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054677. [PMID: 36902106 PMCID: PMC10002782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of oxytocin (OT) to interact with the dopaminergic system through facilitatory D2-OT receptor (OTR) receptor-receptor interaction in the limbic system is increasingly considered to play roles in social or emotional behavior, and suggested to serve as a potential therapeutic target. Although roles of astrocytes in the modulatory effects of OT and dopamine in the central nervous system are well recognized, the possibility of D2-OTR receptor-receptor interaction in astrocytes has been neglected. In purified astrocyte processes from adult rat striatum, we assessed OTR and dopamine D2 receptor expression by confocal analysis. The effects of activation of these receptors were evaluated in the processes through a neurochemical study of glutamate release evoked by 4-aminopyridine; D2-OTR heteromerization was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay (PLA). The structure of the possible D2-OTR heterodimer was estimated by a bioinformatic approach. We found that both D2 and OTR were expressed on the same astrocyte processes and controlled the release of glutamate, showing a facilitatory receptor-receptor interaction in the D2-OTR heteromers. Biochemical and biophysical evidence confirmed D2-OTR heterodimers on striatal astrocytes. The residues in the transmembrane domains four and five of both receptors are predicted to be mainly involved in the heteromerization. In conclusion, roles for astrocytic D2-OTR in the control of glutamatergic synapse functioning through modulation of astrocytic glutamate release should be taken into consideration when considering interactions between oxytocinergic and dopaminergic systems in striatum.
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3
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Wang L, Graziano B, Encalada N, Fernandez-Abascal J, Kaplan DH, Bianchi L. Glial regulators of ions and solutes required for specific chemosensory functions in Caenorhabditis elegans. iScience 2022; 25:105684. [PMID: 36567707 PMCID: PMC9772852 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glia and accessory cells regulate the microenvironment around neurons and primary sensory cells. However, the impact of specific glial regulators of ions and solutes on functionally diverse primary cells is poorly understood. Here, we systemically investigate the requirement of ion channels and transporters enriched in Caenorhabditis elegans Amsh glia for the function of chemosensory neurons. Although Amsh glia ablated worms show reduced function of ASH, AWC, AWA, and ASE neurons, we show that the loss of glial enriched ion channels and transporters impacts these neurons differently, with nociceptor ASH being the most affected. Furthermore, our analysis underscores the importance of K+, Cl-, and nucleoside homeostasis in the Amphid sensory organ and uncovers the contribution of glial genes implicated in neurological disorders. Our findings build a unique fingerprint of each glial enriched ion channel and transporter and may provide insights into the function of supporting cells of mammalian sensory organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Rm 5133 Rosenstiel Building, 1600 NW 10 Avenue, Miami, FL33136, USA
| | - Bianca Graziano
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Rm 5133 Rosenstiel Building, 1600 NW 10 Avenue, Miami, FL33136, USA
| | - Nicole Encalada
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Rm 5133 Rosenstiel Building, 1600 NW 10 Avenue, Miami, FL33136, USA
| | - Jesus Fernandez-Abascal
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Rm 5133 Rosenstiel Building, 1600 NW 10 Avenue, Miami, FL33136, USA
| | - Daryn H. Kaplan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Rm 5133 Rosenstiel Building, 1600 NW 10 Avenue, Miami, FL33136, USA
| | - Laura Bianchi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Rm 5133 Rosenstiel Building, 1600 NW 10 Avenue, Miami, FL33136, USA
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Liu L, Gao H, Zaikin A, Chen S. Unraveling Aβ-Mediated Multi-Pathway Calcium Dynamics in Astrocytes: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment From Simulations. Front Physiol 2021; 12:767892. [PMID: 34777023 PMCID: PMC8581622 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.767892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) in the brain is hypothesized to be the major factor driving Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Mounting evidence suggests that astrocytes are the primary target of Aβ neurotoxicity. Aβ is known to interfere with multiple calcium fluxes, thus disrupting the calcium homeostasis regulation of astrocytes, which are likely to produce calcium oscillations. Ca2+ dyshomeostasis has been observed to precede the appearance of clinical symptoms of AD; however, it is experimentally very difficult to investigate the interactions of many mechanisms. Given that Ca2+ disruption is ubiquitously involved in AD progression, it is likely that focusing on Ca2+ dysregulation may serve as a potential therapeutic approach to preventing or treating AD, while current hypotheses concerning AD have so far failed to yield curable therapies. For this purpose, we derive and investigate a concise mathematical model for Aβ-mediated multi-pathway astrocytic intracellular Ca2+ dynamics. This model accounts for how Aβ affects various fluxes contributions through voltage-gated calcium channels, Aβ-formed channels and ryanodine receptors. Bifurcation analysis of Aβ level, which reflected the corresponding progression of the disease, revealed that Aβ significantly induced the increasing [Ca2+] i and frequency of calcium oscillations. The influence of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production (IP3) is also investigated in the presence of Aβ as well as the impact of changes in resting membrane potential. In turn, the Ca2+ flux can be considerably changed by exerting specific interventions, such as ion channel blockers or receptor antagonists. By doing so, a "combination therapy" targeting multiple pathways simultaneously has finally been demonstrated to be more effective. This study helps to better understand the effect of Aβ, and our findings provide new insight into the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langzhou Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huayi Gao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Alexey Zaikin
- Institute of Information Technologies, Mathematics and Mechanics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.,Institute for Women's Health and Department of Mathematics, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Shangbin Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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5
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O'Donovan B, Neugornet A, Neogi R, Xia M, Ortinski P. Cocaine experience induces functional adaptations in astrocytes: Implications for synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens shell. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e13042. [PMID: 33864336 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes have become established as an important regulator of neuronal activity in the brain. Accumulating literature demonstrates that cocaine self-administration in rodent models induces structural changes within astrocytes that may influence their interaction with the surrounding neurons. Here, we provide evidence that cocaine impacts astrocytes at the functional level and alters neuronal sensitivity to astrocyte-derived glutamate. We report that a 14-day period of short access to cocaine (2 h/day) decreases spontaneous astrocytic Ca2+ transients and precipitates changes in astrocyte network activity in the nucleus accumbens shell. This is accompanied by increased prevalence of slow inward currents, a physiological marker of neuronal activation by astrocytic glutamate, in a subset of medium spiny neurons. Within, but not outside, of this subset, we observe an increase in duration and frequency of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated synaptic events. Additionally, we find that the link between synaptic NMDA receptor plasticity and neuron sensitivity to astrocytic glutamate is maintained independent of drug exposure and is observed in both cocaine and saline control animals. Imaging analyses of neuronal Ca2+ activity show no effect of cocaine self-administration on individual cells or on neuronal network activity in brain slices. Therefore, our data indicate that cocaine self-administration promotes astrocyte-specific functional changes that can be linked to increased glutamate-mediated coupling with principal neurons in the nucleus accumbens. Such coupling may be spatially restricted as it does not result in a broad impact on network structure of local neuronal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette O'Donovan
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - Austin Neugornet
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - Richik Neogi
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - Mengfan Xia
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - Pavel Ortinski
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA
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6
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McNeill J, Rudyk C, Hildebrand ME, Salmaso N. Ion Channels and Electrophysiological Properties of Astrocytes: Implications for Emergent Stimulation Technologies. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:644126. [PMID: 34093129 PMCID: PMC8173131 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.644126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes comprise a heterogeneous cell population characterized by distinct morphologies, protein expression and function. Unlike neurons, astrocytes do not generate action potentials, however, they are electrically dynamic cells with extensive electrophysiological heterogeneity and diversity. Astrocytes are hyperpolarized cells with low membrane resistance. They are heavily involved in the modulation of K+ and express an array of different voltage-dependent and voltage-independent channels to help with this ion regulation. In addition to these K+ channels, astrocytes also express several different types of Na+ channels; intracellular Na+ signaling in astrocytes has been linked to some of their functional properties. The physiological hallmark of astrocytes is their extensive intracellular Ca2+ signaling cascades, which vary at the regional, subregional, and cellular levels. In this review article, we highlight the physiological properties of astrocytes and the implications for their function and influence of network and synaptic activity. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of these differences in the context of optogenetic and DREADD experiments and consider whether these tools represent physiologically relevant techniques for the interrogation of astrocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica McNeill
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Natalina Salmaso
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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7
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Cheng P, Qiu Z, Du Y. Potassium channels and autism spectrum disorder: An overview. Int J Dev Neurosci 2021; 81:479-491. [PMID: 34008235 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, or activities. It had been demonstrated that potassium channels played a key role in regulating neuronal excitability, which was closely associated with neurological diseases including epilepsy, ataxia, myoclonus, and psychiatric disorders. In recent years, a growing body of evidence from whole-genome sequencing and whole-exome sequencing had identified several ASD susceptibility genes of potassium channels in ASD subjects. Genetically dysfunction of potassium channels may be involved in altered neuronal excitability and abnormal brain function in the pathogenesis of ASD. This review summarizes current findings on the features of ASD-risk genes (KCND2, KCNQ2, KCNQ3, KCNH5, KCNJ2, KCNJ10, and KCNMA1) and further expatiate their potential role in the pathogenicity of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Cheng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilong Qiu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yasong Du
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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8
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Lima-Filho CM, Nogaroli L, Hedin-Pereira C, Azevedo SMFO, Soares RM. Effects of saxitoxins exposure on oligodendrocyte development in mouse neonates. Toxicon 2020; 188:89-94. [PMID: 33069750 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Saxitoxins (STXs) are neurotoxins produced by cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates, and they are primarily known to block voltage-gated sodium channels in neurons. The present study aimed to obtain further information regarding the effects of these toxins on neurodevelopment by investigating the responses of murine subventricular zone (SVZ) neural progenitors to STXs. An in vitro neonatal mouse SVZ explant model was exposed to different concentrations of toxic cyanobacterial extracts to evaluate the migration and differentiation of SVZ-derived progenitor cells. To test the ability of STX to cross the placental barrier, pregnant mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of STXs (7.5 μg/kg body weight) on gestational day fifteen. Immunocytochemistry was performed to detect proliferating and differentiating progenitors, including oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). It was found that specific proliferation of OPCs was significantly increased, but there was no corresponding increase in the number of differentiated oligodendrocytes, which may indicate a negative effect on the maturation process of these cells. Additionally, the data showed that STXs crossed the placental barrier. Thus, STXs can be considered a potential risk to fetal neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Macedo Lima-Filho
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Toxicology of Cyanobacteria, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS-Bloco G, Ilha do Fundão, CEP: 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Nogaroli
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroanatomy, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS-Bloco G, Ilha do Fundão, CEP: 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Hedin-Pereira
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroanatomy, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS-Bloco G, Ilha do Fundão, CEP: 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandra M F O Azevedo
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Toxicology of Cyanobacteria, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS-Bloco G, Ilha do Fundão, CEP: 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel M Soares
- Multidisciplinary Center of Research in Biology, NUMPEX-BIO, Campus Duque de Caxias, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 105, CEP: 25240-005, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil.
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9
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Tsai HF, IJspeert C, Shen AQ. Voltage-gated ion channels mediate the electrotaxis of glioblastoma cells in a hybrid PMMA/PDMS microdevice. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:036102. [PMID: 32637857 PMCID: PMC7332302 DOI: 10.1063/5.0004893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transformed astrocytes in the most aggressive form cause glioblastoma, the most common cancer in the central nervous system with high mortality. The physiological electric field by neuronal local field potentials and tissue polarity may guide the infiltration of glioblastoma cells through the electrotaxis process. However, microenvironments with multiplex gradients are difficult to create. In this work, we have developed a hybrid microfluidic platform to study glioblastoma electrotaxis in controlled microenvironments with high throughput quantitative analysis by machine learning-powered single cell tracking software. By equalizing the hydrostatic pressure difference between inlets and outlets of the microchannel, uniform single cells can be seeded reliably inside the microdevice. The electrotaxis of two glioblastoma models, T98G and U-251MG, requires an optimal laminin-containing extracellular matrix and exhibits opposite directional and electro-alignment tendencies. Calcium signaling is a key contributor in glioblastoma pathophysiology but its role in glioblastoma electrotaxis is still an open question. Anodal T98G electrotaxis and cathodal U-251MG electrotaxis require the presence of extracellular calcium cations. U-251MG electrotaxis is dependent on the P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) and T98G is dependent on the R-type VGCC. U-251MG electrotaxis and T98G electrotaxis are also mediated by A-type (rapidly inactivating) voltage-gated potassium channels and acid-sensing sodium channels. The involvement of multiple ion channels suggests that the glioblastoma electrotaxis is complex and patient-specific ion channel expression can be critical to develop personalized therapeutics to fight against cancer metastasis. The hybrid microfluidic design and machine learning-powered single cell analysis provide a simple and flexible platform for quantitative investigation of complicated biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsieh-Fu Tsai
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Camilo IJspeert
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Amy Q. Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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Srivastava I, Vazquez-Juarez E, Lindskog M. Reducing Glutamate Uptake in Rat Hippocampal Slices Enhances Astrocytic Membrane Depolarization While Down-Regulating CA3-CA1 Synaptic Response. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2020; 12:37. [PMID: 32973483 PMCID: PMC7461906 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of synaptic activity in the brain consists of glutamatergic transmission, and there are numerous mechanisms, both intra- and inter-cellular that regulate this excitatory synaptic activity. Importantly, uptake of glutamate plays an important role and a reduced level of astrocytic glutamate transporters affect the normally balanced neurotransmission and is observed in many mental disorders. However, reduced glutamate uptake affects many different synaptic mechanisms in the astrocyte as well as in the neuron, and the effects are challenging to delineate. Combining electrophysiological recordings from neurons and astrocytes as well as extracellular glutamate recordings in rat hippocampal slices, we confirmed previous work showing that synaptic stimulation induces a long-lasting depolarization of the astrocytic membrane that is dependent on inward-rectifier potassium channels. We further showed that when glutamate transporters are blocked, this astrocytic depolarization is greatly enhanced although synaptic responses are reduced. We propose that increasing the levels of synaptic glutamate through blocking glutamate transporters reduces the AMPA-mediated synaptic response while the NMDA receptor current increases, contributing to a rise in extracellular K+ leading to enhanced astrocytic depolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsit Srivastava
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Erika Vazquez-Juarez
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Maria Lindskog
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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11
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Chow LWC, Leung YM. The versatile Kv channels in the nervous system: actions beyond action potentials. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2473-2482. [PMID: 31894358 PMCID: PMC11104815 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channel opening repolarizes excitable cells by allowing K+ efflux. Over the last two decades, multiple Kv functions in the nervous system have been found to be unrelated to or beyond the immediate control of excitability, such as shaping action potential contours or regulation of inter-spike frequency. These functions include neuronal exocytosis and neurite formation, neuronal cell death, regulation of astrocyte Ca2+, glial cell and glioma proliferation. Some of these functions have been shown to be independent of K+ conduction, that is, they suggest the non-canonical functions of Kv channels. In this review, we focus on neuronal or glial plasmalemmal Kv channel functions which are unrelated to shaping action potentials or immediate control of excitability. Similar functions in other cell types will be discussed to some extent in appropriate contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis W C Chow
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- UNIMED Medical Institute, Hong Kong, China
- Organisation for Oncology and Translational Research, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuk- Man Leung
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Abstract
The contribution of an impaired astrocytic K+ regulation system to epileptic neuronal hyperexcitability has been increasingly recognized in the last decade. A defective K+ regulation leads to an elevated extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o). When [K+]o reaches peaks of 10-12 mM, it is strongly associated with seizure initiation during hypersynchronous neuronal activities. On the other hand, reactive astrocytes during a seizure attack restrict influx of K+ across the membrane both passively and actively. In addition to decreased K+ buffering, aberrant Ca2+ signaling and declined glutamate transport have also been observed in astrogliosis in epileptic specimens, precipitating an increased neuronal discharge and induction of seizures. This review aims to provide an overview of experimental findings that implicated astrocytic modulation of extracellular K+ in the mechanism of epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fushun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, USA; Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaoming Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jason H Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health; Department of Surgery, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
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Xin W, Bonci A. Functional Astrocyte Heterogeneity and Implications for Their Role in Shaping Neurotransmission. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:141. [PMID: 29896091 PMCID: PMC5987431 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the role of astrocytes in shaping neuronal signaling has come to the forefront of neuroscience research. The development of genetic tools that enable targeted manipulation of astrocytes has revealed a wealth of mechanisms by which they can alter the synaptic strength and intrinsic excitability of neurons in behaviorally relevant ways. In parallel, several studies have demonstrated significant variability in the gene expression and physiology of astrocytes within and between brain regions. Thus, to form an accurate understanding of how astrocytes contribute to neuronal transmission, we must take into consideration the diversity that exists in their intrinsic properties. In this review, we will summarize recent findings on astrocyte heterogeneity and discuss the implications for their interactions with neurons and their effects on neuronal transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Xin
- Synaptic Plasticity Section, Cellular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Antonello Bonci
- Synaptic Plasticity Section, Cellular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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