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Ye KX, Sun L, Lim SL, Li J, Kennedy BK, Maier AB, Feng L. Adequacy of Nutrient Intake and Malnutrition Risk in Older Adults: Findings from the Diet and Healthy Aging Cohort Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3446. [PMID: 37571385 PMCID: PMC10421189 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of data on the adequacy of nutrient intake and prevalence of malnutrition risk in Asian populations. The aim was to report on the nutrient intake and prevalence of malnutrition risk in a community sample of older adults in Singapore. Analysis was performed on 738 (n = 206 male, n = 532 male, aged 67.6 ± 6.0 years) adults 60 years and above. Intakes of macro- and micronutrients were evaluated against the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs). Malnutrition risk was assessed using the Nutrition Screening Initiative Determine Your Nutritional Health checklist. It was found that 90.5% older adults exceeded the sugar intake, 68.5% males and 57.1% females exceeded the intake limit for saturated fat, and 33% males had inadequate dietary fiber intake when compared to the RDAs. Inadequate dietary calcium intake was found in 49.5% males and 55.3% females. There were 22.3% of older adults at moderate to high malnutrition risk. Singaporean older adults need to reduce their dietary intakes of sugar and saturated fat and increase their intakes in dietary fiber and calcium. Current findings provide public health awareness on the importance of healthy eating and will facilitate decision making by health promotors to deliver targeted nutrition care programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisy Xinhong Ye
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119007, Singapore;
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (B.K.K.); (A.B.M.)
| | - Lina Sun
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China;
| | - Su Lin Lim
- Department of Dietetics, National University Hospital, Singapore 118177, Singapore;
| | - Jialiang Li
- Department of Statistics & Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore;
| | - Brian K. Kennedy
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (B.K.K.); (A.B.M.)
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Andrea Britta Maier
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (B.K.K.); (A.B.M.)
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119007, Singapore;
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (B.K.K.); (A.B.M.)
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Kwon Y, Hong KH, Park YK, Kim S. How Does the Frequency of Eating-Alone among Older People in Korea Affect Their Health and Dietary Behavior? Nutrients 2023; 15:2085. [PMID: 37432236 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between general population characteristics and diet-related factors pertaining to eating alone for older adults (65 years and older) in Korea. This study used the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2016-2020, and the target population was 7037 Koreans aged 65 years or older who participated in the nutritional survey and health interview. Eating alone variables were classified as follows. Eating together all day means "eating together", eating only one meal a day means "1/day", eating two meals a day alone means "2/day", and "3/day" means eating three meals a day alone. The main results are as follows. The rate of moderate or severe food insecurity was 3.41% in the "eating together" group to 7.86% in the "3/day" group, which was 4.45% higher in the "3/day" group. Fruit + vegetable intake among food intake lowered by about 35 g from 301.2 g in the "eating together" group to 266.2 g in the "3 day" group. In addition, as a result of analyzing the prevalence of depression using the PHQ-9 score, the "3/day" group had a 1.775 to 2.464 times higher risk of depression than the "eating together" group. Finally, EQ-5D variables and quality of life scores were significantly lowered from the "eating together" group to the "3/day" group. Overall, higher frequency of eating alone was associated with food safety, essential food intake, and quality of life. Based on these results, it is thought that a dietary life support program such as the eating together program is necessary to improve the quality of life of the older people who eat alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongseok Kwon
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Hong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Kyung Park
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohye Kim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Nutrition Care Services, Seoul National University of Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
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Effects of eating together online on autonomic nervous system functions: a randomized, open-label, controlled preliminary study among healthy volunteers. Biopsychosoc Med 2023; 17:10. [PMID: 36895016 PMCID: PMC9998259 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-023-00263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating alone has been significantly associated with psychological distress. However, there is no research that evaluates the effects or relation of eating together online to autonomic nervous system functions. METHODS This is a randomized, open-label, controlled, pilot study conducted among healthy volunteers. Participants were randomized into either an eating together online group or an eating-alone group. The effect of eating together on autonomic nervous functions was evaluated and compared with that of the control (eating alone). The primary endpoint was the change in the standard deviation of the normal-to-normal interval (SDNN) scores among heart rate variabilities (HRV) before and after eating. Physiological synchrony was investigated based on changes in the SDNN scores. RESULTS A total of 31 women and 25 men (mean age, 36.6 [SD = 9.9] years) were included in the study. In the comparison between the aforementioned groups, two-way analysis of variance revealed interactions between time and group on SDNN scores. SDNN scores in the eating together online group increased in the first and second halves of eating time (F[1,216], P < 0.001 and F[1,216], P = 0.022). Moreover, high correlations were observed in the changes in each pair before and during the first half of eating time as well as before and during the second half of eating time (r = 0.642, P = 0.013 and r = 0.579, P = 0.030). These were statistically significantly higher than those in the eating-alone group (P = 0.005 and P = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS The experience of eating together online increased HRV during eating. Variations in pairs were correlated and may have induced physiological synchrony. TRIAL REGISTRATION The University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000045161. Registered September 1, 2021. https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/icdr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000051592 .
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Nakai A, Morioka I. Factors Related to Nutritional Status of Single Older Residents in Semi-Mountainous Rural Regions of Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Geriatrics (Basel) 2023; 8:geriatrics8020034. [PMID: 36960989 PMCID: PMC10037606 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics8020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Japan's notably high aging rate presents the risk of malnutrition. This study aimed to clarify the nutritional status and factors related to the nutritional status of single older residents in a semi-mountainous rural region of Japan. Using a cross-sectional study design, surveys were administered to older adults in the semi-mountainous rural region in the area of Kochi Prefecture, Japan. Factors associated with a risk of malnutrition were identified using binomial logistic regression analysis. In addition, nutritional status was evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF). Among 53 participants, the MNA-SF score was 12.1 ± 1.5 (mean ± standard deviation), and 71.7% had a normal nutritional status. We observed that participation in local residents' association gatherings (odds ratio [OR]: 7.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17-47.01) and risk of depression/anxiety (OR: 12.77, 95% CI: 1.99-81.94) were associated with an increased risk of malnutrition, whereas social interaction with friends (OR: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.02-0.76) were associated with a decreased risk. The nutritional status was normal overall. Community health workers should share information on the health of residents and promote social events to enable older residents living alone to continue leading healthy lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Nakai
- School of Nursing, University of Kochi, Kochi 781-8515, Japan
| | - Ikuharu Morioka
- Graduate School of Health and Nursing Science, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0011, Japan
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Ishikawa M, Yokoyama T. The relationship between individual and environmental factors related to health, nutritional status, and diet in elderly people living alone in Japan. Nutr Rev 2022; 81:91-94. [PMID: 35674687 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is an essential milestone that governments worldwide must plan for. At a global level, Japan currently has the highest share of population older than 65 years. Thus, the Japanese experience may be a useful guide to other countries as they consider their policies. Elderly individuals living alone encounter many challenges typically not faced by those living in a multiperson household. Nutrition status and diet are 2 such challenges, both of which are crucial determinants of health and well-being. The health and nutrition statuses as well as some other factors in elderly individuals living alone in Japan were investigated. The identification of the factors relating to food diversity, social relationships, and physical ability, among others, indicates, as hypothesized, that the relationship between individual and environmental factors is associated with the health, nutritional statuses, and diets of elderly people living alone. The findings and approach may be useful to scholars and policy makers in significantly aging societies like Japan as well as other societies experiencing population aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Ishikawa
- are with the Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Yokoyama
- are with the Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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Miyano T, Kaneko R, Kimura T, Maruoka M, Kishimura A, Kato K, Furuta M, Yamashita Y. Dietary Problems Are Associated with Frailty Status in Older People with Fewer Teeth in Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192316260. [PMID: 36498332 PMCID: PMC9738370 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary problems and frailty according to tooth loss in older Japanese people. This cross-sectional study included 160 older people (mean age 82.6 years) from Japan. Frailty status was assessed using the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) criteria, which consists of (i) weight loss > 5% in the past year, (ii) inability to perform five chair stands, and (iii) self-perceived reduced energy level. Frailty was defined as the presence of ≥2 items of SOF criteria. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed with frailty as the dependent variable and dietary problems as the independent variable, stratified according to having <20 teeth. Low appetite and no enjoyment of eating were associated with frailty after adjusting for covariates in participants with <20 teeth. Dietary problems, including low appetite, eating alone, and negative attitudes toward enjoyment of eating were associated with a self-perceived reduced energy level in participants with <20 teeth. However, this association was not observed in participants with ≥20 teeth. In older people with fewer teeth, dietary problems have been suggested to be associated with frailty. Therefore, it may be necessary to pay attention to dietary problems, especially in older people with tooth loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Miyano
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Nissan Chemical Corporation, Tokyo 103-6119, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kaneko
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kimura
- Manno-Cho Kokumin Kenko Hoken Soda Dental Clinic, Takamatsu 766-0201, Japan
| | - Misa Maruoka
- Manno-Cho Kokumin Kenko Hoken Soda Dental Clinic, Takamatsu 766-0201, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kishimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Michiko Furuta
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Yamashita
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Sakr-Ashour FA, Wambogo E, Sahyoun NR. Social Relationships, Food Security, Protein Intake, and Hospitalization in Homebound Older Adults: A PATH Analysis. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 41:201-216. [PMID: 35703450 DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2022.2084203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to measure direct and indirect relationships between food insecurity (FI), protein intake, social relationships, depressive symptoms, and their impact on hospitalization among home-delivered meal (HDM) recipients, compared to controls, using structural equation modeling. The analysis used data from the National Outcomes Evaluation Study (2015-2017) of the OAANSP. HDM recipients' mean usual protein intake was significantly higher than controls, but both groups had mean intakes below recommendations. Eating alone was inversely associated with lower protein intake and greater hospitalizations in controls. FI, prevalent in 25.1% of HDM recipient and 16% of controls, was associated with lower protein intake in both groups. Receiving instrumental social support was directly associated with lesser severity of FI in recipients. and more depressive symptoms only in controls. HDM recipients and controls may be at high risk for protein insufficiency, underscored by high prevalence of FI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayrouz A Sakr-Ashour
- School of Sciences & Engineering, Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Edwina Wambogo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Nadine R Sahyoun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Chen L, Arai H, Assantachai P, Akishita M, Chew ST, Dumlao LC, Duque G, Woo J. Roles of nutrition in muscle health of community-dwelling older adults: evidence-based expert consensus from Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1653-1672. [PMID: 35307982 PMCID: PMC9178363 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
General muscle health declines with age, and in particular, sarcopenia-defined as progressive loss of muscle mass and strength/physical performance-is a growing issue in Asia with a rising population of community-dwelling older adults. Several guidelines have addressed early identification of sarcopenia and management, and although nutrition is central to treatment of sarcopenia, there are currently few guidelines that have examined this specifically in the Asian population. Therefore, the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia established a special interest group (SIG) comprising seven experts across Asia and one from Australia, to develop an evidence-based expert consensus. A systematic literature search was conducted using MEDLINE on the topic of muscle health, from 2016 (inclusive) to July 2021, in Asia or with relevance to healthy, Asian community-dwelling older adults (≥60 years old). Several key topics were identified: (1) nutritional status: malnutrition and screening; (2) diet and dietary factors; (3) nutritional supplementation; (4) lifestyle interventions plus nutrition; and (5) outcomes and assessment. Clinical questions were developed around these topics, leading to 14 consensus statements. Consensus was achieved using the modified Delphi method with two rounds of voting. Moreover, the consensus addressed the impacts of COVID-19 on nutrition, muscle health, and sarcopenia in Asia. These statements encompass clinical expertise and knowledge across Asia and are aligned with findings in the current literature, to provide a practical framework for addressing muscle health in the community, with the overall aim to encourage and facilitate broader access to equitable care for this target population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang‐Kung Chen
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging SciencesNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Taipei Municipal Gan‐Dau HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
| | | | - Masahiro Akishita
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Samuel T.H. Chew
- Department of Geriatric MedicineChangi General Hospital, SingHealthSingapore
| | | | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS)The University of Melbourne and Western HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jean Woo
- Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
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Walker-Clarke A, Walasek L, Meyer C. Psychosocial factors influencing the eating behaviours of older adults: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 77:101597. [PMID: 35219902 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of how eating behaviours change in later life have been dominated by the studies of physiological and biological influences on malnutrition. Insights from these studies were consequently used to develop interventions, which are predominantly aimed at rectifying nutritional deficiencies, as opposed to interventions that may enable older adults to eat well and enjoy their food-related life well into older age. The objective of the present review is to summarise the existing knowledge base on psychosocial influences on eating behaviours in later life. Following comprehensive searches, review, and appraisal, 53 articles were included (22 qualitative and 31 quantitative) to provide a greater understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the psychosocial factors influencing eating behaviours. Our analysis identified eight underpinning psychosocial factors that influences eating behaviours in later life; (1) health awareness & attitudes, (2) food decision making, (3) perceived dietary control, (4) mental health & mood, (5) food emotions & enjoyment, (6) eating arrangements, (7) social facilitation, and (8) social support. The importance and lasting influence of early food experiences were also identified as contributing to eating behaviours in later life. The review concludes with the call for further investigation into specific psychosocial factors that influence eating behaviour, calls for improvements in methodologies, and a summary of psychosocial barriers and enablers to eating well in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Walker-Clarke
- Applied Psychology Group, Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMG), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
| | - Lukasz Walasek
- Behavioural Science, Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
| | - Caroline Meyer
- Vice-Provost and Chair of the Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
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Munoz N, Litchford M, Cox J, Nelson JL, Nie AM, Delmore B. Malnutrition and Pressure Injury Risk in Vulnerable Populations: Application of the 2019 International Clinical Practice Guideline. Adv Skin Wound Care 2022; 35:156-165. [PMID: 35188483 DOI: 10.1097/01.asw.0000816332.60024.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nutrition plays a vital role in promoting skin integrity and supporting tissue repair in the presence of chronic wounds such as pressure injuries (PIs). Individuals who are malnourished are at greater risk of polymorbid conditions, adverse clinical outcomes, longer hospital lengths of stay, PI development, and mortality, and incur increased healthcare costs compared with patients who are adequately nourished. In addition, some patient populations tend to be more vulnerable to PI formation, such as neonates, patients with obesity, older adults, and individuals who are critically ill. Accordingly, this article aims to review the latest nutrition care recommendations for the prevention and treatment of PIs, including those recommendations tailored to special populations. A secondary objective is to translate nutrition recommendations into actionable steps for the healthcare professional to implement as part of a patient plan of care.Implementing an evidence-based plan of care built around individualized nutrition interventions is an essential step supporting skin integrity for these populations. The 2019 Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers/Injuries: Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) affirms that meeting nutrient requirements is essential for growth, development, maintenance, and repair of body tissues. Many macronutrients and micronutrients work synergistically to heal PIs. Registered dietitian nutritionists play an important role in helping patients identify the most nutrient dense foods, protein supplements, and oral nutrition supplements to meet their unique requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Munoz
- Nancy Munoz, DCN, MHA, RDN, LD, FAND, is Lecturer, University of Massachusetts Amherst. Mary Litchford, PhD, RDN, LDN, is President, CASE Software & Books, Greensboro, North Carolina. Jill Cox, PhD, RN, APN-c, CWOCN, FAAN, is Clinical Associate Professor, Rutgers University School of Nursing, and Advanced Practice Nurse-WOCN, Englewood Health, Englewood, New Jersey. Jeffrey L. Nelson, PhD, is Associate Research Fellow, Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, Ohio. Ann Marie Nie, PhDc, RN, MSN, CNP, FNP-BC, CWOCN, is Wound, Ostomy Nurse Practitioner, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Barbara Delmore, PhD, RN, CWCN, MAPWCA, IIWCC-NYU, FAAN, is Senior Nurse Scientist, Center for Innovations in the Advancement of Care, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York. Submitted June 22, 2021; accepted in revised form August 10, 2021
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Kusama T, Kiuchi S, Tani Y, Aida J, Kondo K, Osaka K. The lack of opportunity to eat together is associated with an increased risk of weight loss among independent older adults: a prospective cohort study based on the JAGES. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6540137. [PMID: 35231092 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the frequency of eating together and the risk of weight loss in older adults. METHODS this was a three-year follow-up prospective cohort study based on a self-reported questionnaire. We used data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) conducted in 2016 and 2019. The participants were independent older adults aged ≥65 years in Japan. We used >5% weight loss during follow-up as the outcome variable and frequency of eating together as the explanatory variable. The relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated based on the Poisson regression model with a Huber-White sandwich estimator for standard errors, including possible confounders. RESULTS among 56,919 participants, the mean age was 73.0 years (1SD = 5.5) at baseline, and 47.9% were male. About 15.1% (n = 8,596) of the participants experienced >5% weight loss during follow-up. The proportion of each category of the eating together frequency was 36.6% for 'every day', 10.3% for 'several times a week', 26.8% for 'several times a month', 20.5% for 'several times a year' and 5.8% for 'seldom'. Compared to 'every day', only 'several times a year (RR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01-1.13)' and 'seldom (RR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.08-1.27)' were significantly associated with the increased risk of >5% weight loss. CONCLUSION there is a temporal association between less frequent opportunities to eat together and the increased risk of weight loss among independent older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kusama
- Division for Regional Community Development, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Sakura Kiuchi
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yukako Tani
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8510, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8510, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
- Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Ken Osaka
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
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Relationship between Eating Alone and Poor Appetite Using the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020337. [PMID: 35057518 PMCID: PMC8779964 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One prominent factor associated with malnutrition is poor appetite. In Japan, the number of older adults living alone has increased annually. Those living alone tended to eat alone, which may lead to poor appetite. This study aimed to investigate the association between eating alone and poor appetite using an index called the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ). We surveyed 818 people aged 70 and over in Takashimadaira, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan, in 2016. Comparisons were made between two groups, a poor appetite group (n = 295) and a good appetite group (n = 523), and results indicate that the poor appetite group had a higher rate of eating alone than the good appetite group (38.0% vs. 20. 1%: p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression (OR; 95%CI) was performed and poor appetite was significantly associated with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) score (1.707; 1.200–2.427), the number of medications (1.061; 1.007–1.118), JST score (0.894; 0.841–0.950), the indication of “very healthy” on a self-rated health scale (0.343; 0.152–0.774), and reports of eating alone (1.751; 1.130–2.712). Our results suggest that eating alone is associated with a poor appetite.
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Kinugawa A, Kusama T, Yamamoto T, Kiuchi S, Nakazawa N, Kondo K, Osaka K, Aida J. Association of poor dental status with eating alone: A cross-sectional Japan gerontological evaluation study among independent older adults. Appetite 2022; 168:105732. [PMID: 34619246 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Eating alone is reported to deteriorate health; however, the relationship between eating alone and poor dental health remains unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between poor dental health and eating alone. Data of participants (n = 156,287) aged ≥65 years from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study were evaluated using logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between dental status, including prosthesis use, and eating status. Differences in these associations according to living status were also examined. The mean age of participants was 73.7 (SD = 6.0) years. The percentages of participants eating alone with 20 or more teeth, 10-19 teeth with dental prostheses, 0-9 teeth with dental prostheses, 10-19 teeth without dental prostheses, and 0-9 teeth without dental prostheses were 13.8%, 16.0%, 18.6%, 18.9%, and 27.0%, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, participants with 0-9 teeth without any dental prosthesis showed a significantly higher odds ratio for eating alone (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.58-2.07) than those with 20 or more teeth. Among participants with poorer dental status, the probability of eating alone was higher in those living alone than in those living with others. Among older adults, poor dental status was significantly associated with eating alone, and this association was stronger among those living alone. Maintaining better dental status by using a dental prosthesis might reduce the risk of eating alone, especially for those living alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kinugawa
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Taro Kusama
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan; Division for Regional Community Development, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Yamamoto
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, 2-choume-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama, 351-0104, Japan.
| | - Sakura Kiuchi
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Noriko Nakazawa
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inage Ward, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan; National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Moriokacho, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Ken Osaka
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Jun Aida
- Division for Regional Community Development, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan; Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1Choume-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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Hata T, Seino S, Yokoyama Y, Narita M, Nishi M, Hida A, Shinkai S, Kitamura A, Fujiwara Y. Interaction of Eating Status and Dietary Variety on Incident Functional Disability among Older Japanese Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:698-705. [PMID: 35842760 PMCID: PMC9209632 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1817-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether eating status and dietary variety were associated with functional disability during a 5-year follow-up analysis of older adults living in a Japanese metropolitan area. DESIGN A 5-year follow-up study. SETTING Ota City, Tokyo, Japan. PARTICIPANTS A total of 10,308 community-dwelling non-disabled adults aged 65-84 years. MEASUREMENTS Eating status was assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. Dietary variety was assessed using the dietary variety score (DVS). Based on the responses, participants were classified according to eating alone or together and DVS categories (low: 0-3; high: 4-10). Functional disability incidence was prospectively identified using the long-term care insurance system's nationally unified database. Multilevel survival analyses calculated the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for incident functional disability. RESULTS During a 5-year follow-up, 1,991 (19.3%) individuals had functional disabilities. Eating status or DVS were not independently associated with incident functional disability. However, interaction terms between eating status and DVS were associated with functional disability; HR (95% CI) for eating together and low DVS was 1.00 (0.90-1.11), eating alone and high DVS was 0.95 (0.77-1.17), and eating alone and low DVS was 1.20 (1.02-1.42), compared to those with eating together and high DVS. CONCLUSION Older adults should avoid eating alone or increase dietary variety to prevent functional disability. This can be ensured by providing an environment of eating together or food provision services for eating a variety of foods in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hata
- Yoshinori Fujiwara, MD, PhD., Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae, Itabashi City, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan, E-mail: , Phone: +81 (3) 3964-3241 ext. 4257, Fax: +81 (3) 3579-4776
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Moon JH, Huh JS, Won CW, Kim HJ. Living and eating alone on depressive symptoms by physical frailty status: A cross-sectional study based on the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 98:104570. [PMID: 34773874 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND General health conditions in older adults, including their mental health, differ greatly based on their physical health conditions rather than age. Thus, we evaluated how lifestyle factors, which included eating and living, affected depressive symptoms in older adults based on their physical frailty status. METHODS We included older adults aged 70-84 years from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS). Based on their eating and living patterns, we classified them into four groups: "lived and ate with others," "lived alone yet ate with others," "lived with others yet ate alone," and "lived and ate alone." Depressive symptoms and physical frailty were measured using the Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale and modified version of the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Frailty Index, respectively. RESULTS A total of 2,702 participants, 11.4% lived with others yet ate alone, and 19.7% lived and ate alone. For robust older adults, after adjusting for variables, the "ate alone" group was significantly related with depressive symptoms, and the "lived and ate alone" group showed a higher risk of depressive symptoms. In the prefrail to frail participants, the "lived and ate alone" group was at a higher risk of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Eating and living alone are key risk factors for depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults regardless of their physical frailty status. Therefore, social interventions are needed for both physically frail and healthy older adults to support their eating patterns and increase opportunities for social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Moon
- Department of Family Medicine, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea; Department of Family Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sik Huh
- Department of Urology, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea; Department of Urology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Won Won
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Elderly Frailty Research Center, Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeon Ju Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea; Department of Family Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Republic of Korea.
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Understanding the Key Factors of Older Adults' Continuance Intention in Congregate Meal Halls. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112638. [PMID: 34828919 PMCID: PMC8617990 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating congregate/community meals with friends promotes a balanced and healthy diet among older adults. It is helpful for postponing aging, preventing chronic diseases, and improving their quality of life. However, little research has examined the continuance intention for older adults with the congregate meal program in Taiwan. This study established a model for key factors of older adults' continuance intention dining at senior meal halls, and hypotheses to explain them, and subsequently designed questionnaires and scales. By analyzing the longitudinal data collected from 416 individuals using survey questionnaires, we found that the perceived service quality is the main factor that affects the perceived satisfaction, and the perceived satisfaction of the older adults plays an important role in this survey. It showed that if the older adults are satisfied with the service quality provided by the senior meal halls, which will accordingly affect the post-use trust, they will show a positive continuance intention to participate in the senior meal halls. We also found that the older adults have positive views on the planning and service contents of the existing senior meal halls. Together, these results illustrate the process and provide comprehensive insights and evidence to create a better user experience and improve the satisfaction of the congregate meal for older adults.
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Jang S, Lee H, Choi S. Associations among Solo Dining, Self-Determined Solitude, and Depression in South Korean University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147392. [PMID: 34299843 PMCID: PMC8307743 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although solo dining motivated by self-determined solitude can be a positive and healthy experience for individuals, solo dining that is not motivated by self-determined solitude can trigger physical and mental health problems. This study examined the associations among solo dining, self-determined solitude, and depression in university students. Accordingly, an online survey was conducted on 372 university students. The results show that students who live alone, those in poor health, and those with more frequent solo dining experiences had higher depression scores than others. Whereas satisfaction with solo dining was high when voluntary solitude was high, female students displayed higher depression scores when they had low self-determined solitude or high non-self-determined solitude, and when they had a higher frequency of eating lunch alone, compared to their male counterparts. University undergraduates who live and dine alone, owing to non-self-determined solitude, are highly vulnerable to mental health problems, including depression. Hence, interventions that foster social connectedness and entail the identification of factors accounting for students’ non-self-determined solitude should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunjoo Jang
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Haeyoung Lee
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-820-5472; Fax: +82-2-824-7961
| | - Seunghye Choi
- College of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea;
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Ishikawa M, Yokomichi H, Yokoyama T. Difference and Variance in Nutrient Intake by Age for Older Adults Living Alone in Japan: Comparison of Dietary Reference Intakes for the Japanese Population. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051431. [PMID: 33922719 PMCID: PMC8146330 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the distribution of usual intakes in protein, sodium, potassium, and calcium by age group and assessed whether proportions of deficiencies/excesses of each nutrient would occur more in older age via a comparison with the dietary reference intakes for the Japanese population (DRIs_J). A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using a database of the 2-day nutrient intake of 361 Japanese people aged 65-90 years. The AGEVAR MODE was used to estimate usual intake. Percentile curves using estimated distribution by sex and age and usual nutrient intake were compared to those of the DRIs_J. The usual intake of protein (male and female) and potassium and calcium (female) were lower with older age. Within-individual variance of protein in female (p = 0.037) and calcium in male (p = 0.008) subjects were considerably lower with older age. The proportion of deficiencies in protein (male and female), potassium (female), and calcium (female) were higher with older age. However, the proportion of people with excess salt (converted from sodium; male and female) did not differ by age. The variances found herein could be important for enhancing the understanding of differences in dietary intake by age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Ishikawa
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama 351-0197, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-(0)48-458-6230; Fax: +80-(0)48-469-7683
| | - Hiroshi Yokomichi
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan;
| | - Tetsuji Yokoyama
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama 351-0197, Japan;
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Alne EKF, Øie T, Søiland M, Gjesdal K. Sharing meals: promising nutritional interventions for primary health care including nursing students and elderly people. BMC Nutr 2021; 7:8. [PMID: 33853675 PMCID: PMC8048158 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-021-00412-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The risk of malnutrition among elderly people is high and living alone increases the risk. As the number of older persons living alone is expected to increase due to the demographic development of an increasing older population, more knowledge about low-cost, sustainable nutritional interventions is needed. The purpose of this study was to investigate how nursing students can be a resource in the nutritional care of older persons living alone by sharing weekly meals. Methods Twenty-three nursing students and 23 elderly people who lived alone and received home nursing care participated in the project period of 9 weeks and shared 1–2 weekly meals. Shortly after the study period, 13 students and 4 elderly persons were interviewed in individual, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews. The questions included their experiences, the perceived impact of sharing meals, and facilitators and barriers of such meal interventions. The interview material was transcribed and analyzed using qualitative content analysis as described by Graneheim and Lundman. Results Our study found that both nursing students and older persons expressed positive experiences from sharing meals. Nursing students with some nutritional knowledge can provide a useful, sustainable supplement to the home-care nursing staff’s limited resources and time. Improvements were found, including preparation of ready meals and the meal environment, different facilitators and barriers of the meal experience, and the possible positive impact on the elderly persons’ nutritional status, which affects meal enjoyment, appetite, food intake and weight. Conclusion During their practical placement in the community, nursing students can provide a useful contribution to the nutritional care of elderly persons who are at nutritional risk living alone at home by the intervention of sharing a meal together. This is a low-cost supplement to other primary health-care measures that can affect both nutritional status and adjust the appropriate care for patients. This study demonstrates a small contribution to the complex nutritional care literature based on the growing elderly population in home care and the nursing student as a valuable resource for the multidisciplinary team approach necessary to meet this challenge. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40795-021-00412-8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tove Øie
- Centre for Development of Institutional and Home Care Services, Stavanger, Rogaland, Norway
| | - Malene Søiland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Kine Gjesdal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.
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Eating Alone or Together among Community-Living Older People-A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073495. [PMID: 33801775 PMCID: PMC8036467 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Research on healthy aging commonly concerns problems related to loneliness and food intake. These are not independent aspects of health since eating, beyond its biological necessity, is a central part of social life. This scoping review aimed to map scientific articles on eating alone or together among community-living older people, and to identify relevant research gaps. Four databases were searched, 989 articles were identified and 98 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In the first theme, eating alone or together are treated as central topics of interest, isolated from adjoining, broader concepts such as social participation. In the second, eating alone or together are one aspect of the findings, e.g., one of several risk factors for malnutrition. Findings confirm the significance of commensality in older peoples' life. We recommend future research designs allowing identification of causal relationships, using refined ways of measuring meals alone or together, and qualitative methods adding complexity.
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Pourabbasi A, Akbari Ahangar A, Nouriyengejeh S. Value-based eating habits; exploring religio-cultural nutritional behavior norms. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:187-192. [PMID: 34178830 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Defining a standard norm is critical in nutritional cognitive-behavioral interventions. These norms can be derived from a statistical or value-based point of view. Religion and subsequent cultural values can have significant effects on social behaviors, especially on eating habits. In this study, the authors quantify the presence of religio-cultural nutritional behavior norms in Abrahamic scriptures. Methods Qualitative content analysis and descriptive analysis were applied to these texts to provide a better understanding of the subject. Results The extracted norms were categorized into nine main behavioral domains, and most of the observed value-based norms were in agreement with previous experimental researches. Conclusion There is strong emphasis on nutritional habits in value-based religio-cultural sources. The use of these norms in later policies and practices is advised. This approach can lead to healthier nutritional choices and a decrease in non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Pourabbasi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 10, Jalal Al-e-Ahmad Ave., North Kargar Avenue, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Akbari Ahangar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 10, Jalal Al-e-Ahmad Ave., North Kargar Avenue, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarah Nouriyengejeh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 10, Jalal Al-e-Ahmad Ave., North Kargar Avenue, Tehran, Iran
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Kubo Y, Ishimaru T, Hino A, Nagata M, Ikegami K, Tateishi S, Tsuji M, Matsuda S, Fujino Y. A cross-sectional study of the association between frequency of telecommuting and unhealthy dietary habits among Japanese workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Occup Health 2021; 63:e12281. [PMID: 34587654 PMCID: PMC8481007 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, telecommuting has become a new way of working that has not only changed individuals' work, but also their health and lifestyle. We examined the relationship between telecommuting frequency and unhealthy dietary habits among Japanese workers. METHODS A total of 33,302 workers completed an Internet survey about telecommuting and dietary habits. Data from 13,468 office workers who telecommuted were analyzed. Telecommuting frequency during the COVID-19 pandemic was extracted from a questionnaire. The odds ratios (ORs) of four types of dietary habits, namely, skipping breakfast, solitary eating, lower meal frequency, and meal substitution associated with telecommuting frequency were estimated using multilevel logistic regression nested in the prefecture of residence to control for differences in residential area. RESULTS The multivariate OR of skipping breakfast was 1.15 (95% CI: 1.03-1.29, p = .013) for participants who telecommuted in excess of four days per week compared to those who rarely telecommuted. Similarly, the OR of solitary eating, lower meal frequency and meal substitution were 1.44 (95% CI: 1.28-1.63, p < .001), 2.39 (95% CI: 1.66-3.44, p < .001), and 1.26 (95% CI: 1.04-1.51, p = .015) for those who telecommuted in excess of four days per week compared to those who rarely telecommuted. There was a statistically significant increase in the dose-response trend in ORs of solitary eating (p for trend <.001), lower meal frequency (p for trend <.001), and meal substitution (p for trend = .001) with increasing telecommuting frequency. CONCLUSION Telecommuters may develop unhealthy dietary habits, indicating the need for strategies to help telecommuters manage their nutrition and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Kubo
- Department of Environmental EpidemiologyInstitute of Industrial Ecological SciencesUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanKitakyushuJapan
| | - Tomohiro Ishimaru
- Department of Environmental EpidemiologyInstitute of Industrial Ecological SciencesUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanKitakyushuJapan
| | - Ayako Hino
- Department of Mental HealthInstitute of Industrial Ecological SciencesUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanKitakyushuJapan
| | - Masako Nagata
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and ManagementInstitute of Industrial Ecological SciencesUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanKitakyushuJapan
| | - Kazunori Ikegami
- Department of Work Systems and HealthInstitute of Industrial Ecological SciencesUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanKitakyushuJapan
| | - Seiichiro Tateishi
- Department of Occupational MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanKitakyushuJapan
| | - Mayumi Tsuji
- Department of Environmental HealthSchool of MedicineUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanKitakyushuJapan
| | - Shinya Matsuda
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community HealthSchool of MedicineUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanKitakyushuJapan
| | - Yoshihisa Fujino
- Department of Environmental EpidemiologyInstitute of Industrial Ecological SciencesUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanKitakyushuJapan
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Eating Alone at Each Meal and Associated Health Status among Community-Dwelling Japanese Elderly Living with Others: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the KAGUYA Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092805. [PMID: 32933170 PMCID: PMC7551543 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study investigated the association between eating alone at each meal and health status, including functional capacity among community-dwelling Japanese elderly living with others. A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to all 8004 residents aged 65 or older, residing in the same Japanese town in March 2016. Eating alone was assessed by first asking whether participants ate three separate meals each day (i.e., breakfast, lunch, and dinner), and those who answered affirmatively were then asked how many people were usually present at each meal. Health status was assessed in terms of subjective health, medical history, care needs, body mass index, depression, and functional capacity. Data from 2809 respondents were analyzed. Those who reported not being in good subjective health and a history of hypertension were significantly more likely to eat alone at breakfast (odds ratio 1.27; 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.61, and 1.26; 1.06–1.49). Depressive symptoms and many subscales of functional capacity were also significantly associated with eating alone at breakfast, lunch, and dinner (p < 0.05). Many health status indicators were related to eating alone at each meal, especially breakfast.
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Frailty Status and Transport Disadvantage: Comparison of Older Adults' Travel Behaviours between Metropolitan, Suburban, and Rural Areas of Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176367. [PMID: 32882994 PMCID: PMC7504364 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study examined differences in older adults’ travel behaviours by frailty status in metropolitan, suburban, and rural areas of Japan. Data were collected from 9104 older adults (73.5 ± 5.7 years; 51% women; 19% frail) living in metropolitan (n = 5032), suburban (n = 2853), and rural areas (n = 1219) of Japan. Participants reported if they walked, cycled, drove a car, rode a car as a passenger, and used public transportation (PT) once per week or more. A standardised questionnaire was used to assess frailty status. We conducted logistic regression analysis to calculate the odds ratios of using each travel mode by frailty status stratified by locality. Relative to non-frail participants, frail participants were less likely to walk and drive a car in all three areas. Frail participants had significantly higher odds of being a car passenger in the suburban (OR = 1.73 (95% CI: 1.32, 2.25)) and rural areas (OR = 1.61 (1.10, 2.35)) but not in the metropolitan area (OR = 1.08 (0.87, 1.33)). This study found that frail older adults living in suburban and rural areas tended to rely more on cars driven by someone else, suggesting that transport disadvantage is more pronounced in suburban and rural areas than in metropolitan areas.
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Choi MJ, Park YG, Kim YH, Cho KH, Nam GE. Eating Together and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Korean Adults. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 52:758-765. [PMID: 31882206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between frequency of eating together and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). DESIGN Population-based cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A total of 13,920 adults (≥19 years). Data obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2014 to 2016. The European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions index was used to assess the HRQoL. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Relation between the frequency of eating together (eating alone, 1 time/d, and ≥2 times/d) and HRQoL. ANALYSIS ANOVA, correlations, and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS A significantly positive association was observed between the frequency of eating together and the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions index (P < .001). An increase in the frequency of eating together was associated with decreased odds ratios of having problems in subdimensions (self-care, usual activities, and anxiety or depression; P for trend <.005). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS A decreased frequency of eating together is associated with low HRQoL. Additional work is warranted to confirm the association between the frequency of eating together and HRQoL in young adults, aged 19-64 years. Further studies are required to identify whether an intervention to increase the frequency of eating together would improve HRQoL in individuals who usually eat alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Choi
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Gyu Park
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yang Hyun Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Eun Nam
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Ohashi K, Ishikawa T, Hoshii A, Hokari T, Suzuki M, Mitobe Y, Yamada E, Abeywickrama HM, Kikuchi Y, Noguchi H, Hirosawa H, Koyama Y. Efficacy of Physical Activity in Prevention of Muscle Weakness in Patients With Chronic Liver Disease. J Clin Med Res 2019; 11:711-719. [PMID: 31636786 PMCID: PMC6785279 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr3978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcopenia is a prognostic factor for patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and it affects the onset of hepatic encephalopathy. Therefore, the prevention of sarcopenia contributes to the improvement of the prognosis of patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). We focused on changes of hand grip strength (HGS), one of the indicators of sarcopenia. However, there are little data investigating the impact of physical activity (PA) on HGS in patients with CLD. This study aimed to clarify whether PA contributes to the prevention of muscle weakness in patients with CLD. Methods This was a prospective observational study. We examined the effect of PA on changes in HGS from the baseline to the endpoint in each group. Metabolic equivalents-hour/week (METs-h/w) was used to evaluate PA. In total, 183 outpatients with CLD were analyzed. We divided participants into four groups (low PA in younger patients (n = 20), high PA in younger patients (n = 33), low PA in elderly patients (n = 47), and high PA in elderly patients (n = 83)). Results Fifty-eight percent of patients were men, and the median (interquartile range) age was 69.0 (63.0, 75.0) years. The most common etiology of liver disease was hepatitis C (38%). The frequency of living alone and low exercise habit was significantly high, and sarcopenia was more obvious in elderly patients with low PA than in those with high PA. Additionally, the elderly with low PA showed significantly reduced HGS compared to that of the elderly with high PA (-1.00 (-2.27, 0.55) kg vs. 0.10 (-1.40, 1.10) kg, P < 0.05). However, changes in HGS in younger patients were not significant (-0.02 (1.83, 1.47) kg vs. 0.25 (-2.45, 2.05) kg, P = 0.96). Logistic regression analyses identified PA as the independent factor for prevention of decrease in HGS (odds ratio: 1.91, 95% confidence interval: 1.00 - 3.62, P = 0.049). Conclusions Young patients with low PA were characterized by a long sedentary time; however, there was no loss of HGS. In contrast, elderly patients with CLD and low PA had significantly reduced HGS compared to that in elderly patients with CLD and high PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Ohashi
- Department of Nursing, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Hokkaido, Japan.,Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toru Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Asami Hoshii
- Department of Medical Radiology, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tamaki Hokari
- Department of Medical Radiology, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mitsuyuki Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuta Mitobe
- Department of Nursing, Teikyo University, Faculty of Medical Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuko Yamada
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Yuko Kikuchi
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirohito Noguchi
- Department of Nursing, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hirosawa
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yu Koyama
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Kurotani K, Honjo K, Nakaya T, Ikeda A, Mizoue T, Sawada N, Tsugane S. Diet Quality Affects the Association between Census-Based Neighborhood Deprivation and All-Cause Mortality in Japanese Men and Women: The Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092194. [PMID: 31547299 PMCID: PMC6770038 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Individuals residing in more deprived areas with a lower diet quality might have a higher mortality risk. We aimed to examine the association between deprivation within an area and all-cause mortality risk according to diet quality. Methods: We conducted a population-based prospective study on 27,994 men and 33,273 women aged 45–75 years. Neighborhood deprivation was assessed using the Japanese areal deprivation index (ADI). Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire. Results: Individuals residing in the most deprived area had the lowest dietary scores. During the 16.7-year follow-up, compared to individuals with a high quality diet residing in the least deprived area, individuals with a low quality diet had a higher risk of mortality according to increment of ADI (p trend = 0.03); the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) was 1.09 (0.999–1.19), 1.17 (1.08–1.27), and 1.19 (1.08–1.32) in those residing in the lowest through the highest third of ADI, respectively. However, individuals with a high quality diet had no significant association between ADI and mortality. Conclusion: A well-balanced diet may prevent early death associated with neighborhood socioeconomic status among those residing in highly deprived areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Kurotani
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan.
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
| | - Kaori Honjo
- Psychology and Behavior Sciences, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-0801, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Nakaya
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Ai Ikeda
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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Ilgaz A, Gözüm S. Health promotion interventions for older people living alone: a systematic review. Perspect Public Health 2019; 139:255-263. [PMID: 30758262 DOI: 10.1177/1757913918803980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this systematic literature review was to identify health promotion interventions for older people living alone and to describe the effectiveness of these interventions. METHODS A literature search was conducted using five databases, including CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science, and this comprehensive literature search process was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. Potentially relevant studies were evaluated and selected by two authors. Studies were assessed based on inclusion criteria. The Standardised Critical Appraisal Tool from Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) was used to appraise the methodological quality of these studies. RESULTS Of the 2852 unique studies identified in the systematic search, the full texts of three studies meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed. The results showed that the level of physical activity and self-efficacy for physical activity, activities of daily living, food enjoyment, and energy intake increased and leisure engagement decreased with health promotion interventions. CONCLUSION The findings of this review indicate that interventions to improve health promotion positively affect the health of older people living alone and enhance their quality of life. There is a need for further research involving multidimensional interventions for older people living alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ilgaz
- Research Assistant, Faculty of Nursing, Akdeniz University, 07058 Antalya, Turkey
| | - S Gözüm
- Professor, Doctor, Faculty of Nursing, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Ishikawa M, Yokoyama T, Hayashi F, Takemi Y, Nakaya T, Fukuda Y, Kusama K, Nozue M, Yoshiike N, Murayama N. Subjective Well-Being Is Associated with Food Behavior and Demographic Factors in Chronically Ill Older Japanese People Living Alone. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:341-353. [PMID: 29484347 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0930-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the relationships among subjective well-being, food and health behaviors, socioeconomic factors, and geography in chronically ill older Japanese adults living alone. DESIGN The design was a cross-sectional, multilevel survey. A questionnaire was distributed by post and self-completed by participants. SETTING The sample was drawn from seven towns and cities across Japan. PARTICIPANTS A geographic information system was used to select a representative sample of older people living alone based on their proximity to a supermarket. Study recruitment was conducted with municipal assistance. MEASUREMENTS To assess subjective well-being and food and health behaviors of respondents with disease, a logistic regression analysis was performed using stepwise variable analyses, adjusted for respondent age, socioeconomic status, and proximity to a supermarket. The dependent variable was good or poor subjective well-being. RESULTS In total, 2,165 older people (744 men, 1,421 women) completed the questionnaire (63.5% response rate). Data from 737 men and 1,414 women were used in this study. Among people with a chronic disease, individuals with good subjective well-being had significantly higher rates than those with poor subjective well-being for satisfaction with meal quality and chewing ability, food diversity, food intake frequency, perception of shopping ease, having someone to help with food shopping, eating home-produced vegetables, preparing breakfast themselves, eating with other people, and high alcohol consumption. A stepwise logistic analysis showed that the factors strongly related to poor subjective well-being were shopping difficulty (men: odds ratio [OR] = 3.19, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.94-5.23; P < 0.0001; women: OR = 2.20, 95% CI, 1.54-3.14; P < 0.0001), not having someone to help with food shopping (women: OR = 1.41, 95% CI, 1.01-1.97; P = 0.043), not preparing breakfast (women: OR = 2.36, 95% CI, 1.40-3.98; P = 0.001), and eating together less often (women: OR = 1.99, 95% CI, 1.32-3.00; P = 0.002). CONCLUSION Subjective well-being of people with chronic diseases is associated with food intake and food behavior. The factors that affect poor subjective well-being in chronically ill older Japanese people living alone include food accessibility and social communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ishikawa
- Midori Ishikawa, PhD, RD, Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama 351-0197, Japan, TEL +81-48-458-6230; FAX: +81-48-469-7683, E mail:
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