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Joaquim LS, Steiner B, Farias B, Machado RS, Danielski LG, Mathias K, Stork S, Lanzzarin E, Novaes L, Bonfante S, Generoso JDS, Alano CG, Lemos I, Dominguini D, Giustina AD, Catalão CHR, Streck EL, Giridharan VV, Dal-Pizzol F, Barichello T, de Bitencourt RM, Petronilho F. Sepsis compromises post-ischemic stroke neurological recovery and is associated with sex differences. Life Sci 2024; 349:122721. [PMID: 38754813 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Infection is a complication after stroke and outcomes vary by sex. Thus, we investigated if sepsis affects brain from ischemic stroke and sex involvement. MAIN METHODS Male and female Wistar rats, were submitted to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and after 7 days sepsis to cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). Infarct size, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial activity were quantified 24 h after CLP in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Survival and neurological score were assessed up to 15 days after MCAO or 8 days after CLP (starting at 2 h after MCAO) and memory at the end. KEY FINDINGS CLP decreased survival, increased neurological impairments in MCAO females. Early, in male sepsis following MCAO led to increased glial activation in the brain structures, and increased TNF-α and IL-1β in the hippocampus. All groups had higher IL-6 in both tissues, but the hippocampus had lower IL-10. CLP potentiated myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the prefrontal cortex of MCAO male and female. In MCAO+CLP, only male increased MPO and nitrite/nitrate in hippocampus. Males in all groups had protein oxidation in the prefrontal cortex, but only MCAO+CLP in the hippocampus. Catalase decreased in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of all males and females, and MCAO+CLP only increased this activity in males. Female MCAO+CLP had higher prefrontal cortex complex activity than males. In MCAO+CLP-induced long-term memory impairment only in females. SIGNIFICANCE The parameters evaluated for early sepsis after ischemic stroke show a worse outcome for males, while females are affected during long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Silva Joaquim
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarao, SC, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Steiner
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarao, SC, Brazil
| | - Brenno Farias
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarao, SC, Brazil
| | - Richard Simon Machado
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarao, SC, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Lucineia Gainski Danielski
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil; Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Program, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Khiany Mathias
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarao, SC, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Solange Stork
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarao, SC, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Everton Lanzzarin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarao, SC, Brazil
| | - Linerio Novaes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarao, SC, Brazil
| | - Sandra Bonfante
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarao, SC, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline da Silva Generoso
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Carolina Giassi Alano
- Laboratory of Experimental Biomedicine, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Isabela Lemos
- Laboratory of Experimental Biomedicine, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Diogo Dominguini
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Amanda Della Giustina
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Carlos Henrique Rocha Catalão
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Emilio Luiz Streck
- Laboratory of Experimental Biomedicine, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Vijayasree V Giridharan
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Program, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Barichello
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil; Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Program, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rafael Mariano de Bitencourt
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarao, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil.
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Wang J, Li J, Yin L, Wang X, Dong Y, Zhao G, Shen S, Hou Y. MSCs promote the efferocytosis of large peritoneal macrophages to eliminate ferroptotic monocytes/macrophages in the injured endometria. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:127. [PMID: 38693589 PMCID: PMC11064342 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometria are one of the important components of the uterus, which is located in the peritoneal cavity. Endometrial injury usually leads to intrauterine adhesions (IUA), accompanied by inflammation and cell death. We previously reported that both the endometrial ferroptosis was increased and monocytes/macrophages were involved in endometrial injury of IUA. Large peritoneal macrophages (LPMs) are recently reported to migrate into the injured tissues and phagocytose dead cells to repair the tissues. We previously demonstrated that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) had made excellent progress in the repair of endometrial injury. However, it is unclear whether MSCs regulate the LPM efferocytosis against ferroptotic monocytes/macrophages in the injured endometria. METHODS Here, endometrial injury in IUA mouse model was conducted by uterine curettage and LPS injection surgery and the samples were collected at different times to detect the changes of LPMs and ferroptotic monocytes/macrophages. We conducted LPMs depletion assay in vivo and LPMs and Erastin-induced ferroptotic THP-1 cells coculture systems in vitro to detect the LPM efferocytosis against ferroptotic monocytes/macrophages. The IUA model was treated with MSCs, and their effects on LPMs and endometrial repair were analyzed. Flow cytometry, western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR, immunohistochemical analysis, ELISA, and RNA-sequencing were performed. RESULTS We found that LPMs migrated to the injured uteri in response to the damage in early phase (3 h), and sustained to a later stage (7 days). Astonishingly, we found that ferroptotic monocytes/macrophages were significantly increased in the injured uteri since 12 h after injury. Moreover, LPMs cocultured with Erastin-induced ferroptotic THP-1 cells in vitro, efferocytosis of LPMs against ferroptotic monocytes/macrophages was emerged. The mRNA expression profiles revealed that LPM efferocytosis against ferroptotic monocytes/macrophages was an induction of glycolysis program and depended on the PPARγ-HK2 pathway. Importantly, we validated that MSCs promoted the efferocytic capability and migration of LPMs to the injured uteri via secreting stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1). CONCLUSION The data collectively demonstrated first the roles of LPMs via removal of ferroptotic monocytes/macrophages and provided a novel mechanism of MSCs in repairing the endometrial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Rd., Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingman Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Rd., Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Yin
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Rd., Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuzhu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Rd., Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Dong
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Rd., Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangfeng Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sunan Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Rd., Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Rd., Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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Hu J, Xie S, Zhang H, Wang X, Meng B, Zhang L. Microglial Activation: Key Players in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1453. [PMID: 37891821 PMCID: PMC10605398 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common brain dysfunction, which results in severe cognitive and neurological sequelae and an increased mortality rate in patients with sepsis. Depending on the stimulus, microglia (resident macrophages in the brain that are involved in SAE pathology and physiology) can adopt two polarization states (M1/M2), corresponding to altered microglial morphology, gene expression, and function. We systematically described the pathogenesis, morphology, function, and phenotype of microglial activation in SAE and demonstrated that microglia are closely related to SAE occurrence and development, and concomitant cognitive impairment. Finally, some potential therapeutic approaches that can prime microglia and neuroinflammation toward the beneficial restorative microglial phenotype in SAE were outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Shucai Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Haisong Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xinrun Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Binbin Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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Wang Y, Chen X, Wang B, Lu G, Liu J, Wu D, Yan Z. Toxicity comparison of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA), and hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid (HFPO-TA) in zebrafish gut. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 262:106655. [PMID: 37598522 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) and hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid (HFPO-TA) are considered as alternatives to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). In this study, zebrafish were exposed to different concentrations of PFOA, HFPO-DA, and HFPO-TA (5 μg/L and 500 μg/L), and the toxic effects on oxidative damage, inflammation, and cell apoptosis in the gut were compared. Additionally, changes in gut metabolome profiles and microbial community structure were analyzed. The results revealed that exposures to HFPO-DA and HFPO-TA led to lower levels of oxidative damage compared to PFOA exposure. However, all three treatments had comparable effects on inflammation and apoptosis. The main biological pathways affected by all three exposures were lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and environmental information processing. The effects on metabolome profiles were much higher for HFPO-DA and HFPO-TA compared to PFOA at a concentration of 5 μg/L. At a concentration of 500 μg/L, HFPO-DA and HFPO-TA showed similar effects to PFOA. This study also examined the Pearson correlations between gut microbiota and the toxic effects mentioned above. The abundance of specific apoptosis-related genera differed among the three target chemicals, suggesting they may act differently in inducing apoptosis. The correlations between HFPO-DA and HFPO-TA were mostly similar, which helps explain the similar effects observed in their respective treatment groups on metabolic profiles. Overall, this study indicates that HFPO-DA and HFPO-TA may not be safe alternatives to PFOA and provides valuable insights into their toxic effects and risk assessment in water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Jianchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Donghai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
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Gao CF, Zhang GH, Ye ZH, Xu YY, Li Z. Usability of Serum Stanniocalcin-1 as a Prognostic Biochemical Marker of Acute Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Prospective Cohort Study. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:2791-2803. [PMID: 37426521 PMCID: PMC10328107 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s420245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) may be neuroprotective. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic role of serum STC1 levels in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods This prospective observational study was assigned in two parts. In the first part, blood samples of 48 patients with ICH were acquired on admission and on days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 after ICH, and those of 48 controls were collected at their entry into the study. In the second part, blood samples of 141 patients with ICH were obtained upon admission. Serum STC1 levels were measured, and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), hematoma volume, and poststroke 6-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were recorded. Dynamic changes in serum STC levels and their correlation with disease severity and prognosis were investigated. Results Serum STC1 levels were elevated after ICH, peaked on day 1, plateaued on day 2, declined gradually afterwards, and were significantly higher than those in controls. Serum STC1 levels were independently correlated with NIHSS scores, hematoma volume, and the 6-month post-injury mRS scores. Serum STC1 levels, NIHSS scores, and hematoma volume independently predicted a poor prognosis (mRS scores of 3-6). The model integrating serum STC1 levels, NIHSS scores, and hematoma volume was visually displayed using a nomogram and was relatively stable using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration curve analysis. Under the receiver operating characteristic curve, serum STC1 levels efficiently predicted a poor prognosis and showed similar prognostic ability to NIHSS scores and hematoma volume. The preceding model had significantly higher prognostic capability than NIHSS scores and hematoma volume alone and their combination. Conclusion Substantial enhancement of serum STC1 levels after ICH, which is strongly correlated with severity, independently distinguished the risk of poor prognosis, assuming that serum STC1, as a prognostic parameter, may be clinically valuable in ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Fang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Shengzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shengzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Shengzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shengzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Hao Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Shengzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shengzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yu Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Shengzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shengzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Shengzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shengzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
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Tauber SC, Nau R. Treatment of septic encephalopathy and encephalitis - a critical appraisal. Expert Rev Neurother 2023; 23:1069-1080. [PMID: 38019041 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2288652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The central nervous system is frequently involved during severe sepsis. Patients either develop septic encephalopathy characterized by delirium and coma or focal neurological signs as a consequence of septic-embolic or septic-metastatic encephalitis. AREAS COVERED In this review, a summary of currently available literature on established and some promising experimental treatment options for septic encephalopathy and encephalitis is provided, with a focus on the clinical utility of published studies. EXPERT OPINION Treatment relies on proper identification of the causative pathogen and rapidly initiated adequate empirical or (after identification of the pathogen) tailored antibiotic therapy, fluid and electrolyte management. In the presence of brain abscess(es) or mycotic aneurysm(s), surgery or interventional neuroradiology must be considered. Pharmacological approaches to prevent delirium of different etiology include the use of dexmedetomidine and (with limitations) of melatonin and its derivatives. In the absence of a specific pharmacological treatment, non-pharmacological bundles of interventions (e.g. promotion of sleep, cognitive stimulation, early mobilization and adequate therapy of pain) are of proven efficacy to prevent delirium of different etiology including sepsis. Experimental promising therapies include the use of non-bacteriolytic antibiotics and the reduction of the toxic effects of microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone C Tauber
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roland Nau
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medicine Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Geriatrics, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Göttingen-Weende, Göttingen, Germany
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Ji MH, Gao YZ, Shi CN, Wu XM, Yang JJ. Acute and long-term cognitive impairment following sepsis: mechanism and prevention. Expert Rev Neurother 2023; 23:931-943. [PMID: 37615511 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2250917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis is a severe host response to infection, which induces both acute and long-term cognitive impairment. Despite its high incidence following sepsis, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive and effective treatments are not available clinically. AREA COVERED This review focuses on elucidating the pathological mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment following sepsis. Specifically, the authors discuss the role of systemic inflammation response, blood-brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal dysfunction, and Aβ accumulation and tau phosphorylation in cognitive impairment after sepsis. Additionally, they review current strategies to ameliorate cognitive impairment. EXPERT OPINION Potential interventions to reduce cognitive impairment after sepsis include earlier diagnosis and effective infection control, hemodynamic homeostasis, and adequate brain perfusion. Furthermore, interventions to reduce inflammatory response, reactive oxygen species, blood-brain barrier disruption, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal injury or death could be beneficial. Implementing strategies to minimize delirium, sleep disturbance, stress factors, and immobility are also recommended. Furthermore, avoiding neurotoxins and implementing early rehabilitation may also be important for preventing cognitive impairment after sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Huo Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cui-Na Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Miao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Krzyzaniak K, Krion R, Szymczyk A, Stepniewska E, Sieminski M. Exploring Neuroprotective Agents for Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10780. [PMID: 37445958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition resulting from an inflammatory overreaction that is induced by an infectious factor, which leads to multi-organ failure. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common complication of sepsis that can lead to acute cognitive and consciousness disorders, and no strict diagnostic criteria have been created for the complication thus far. The etiopathology of SAE is not fully understood, but plausible mechanisms include neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, altered cerebral microcirculation, alterations in neurotransmission, changes in calcium homeostasis, and oxidative stress. SAE may also lead to long-term consequences such as dementia and post-traumatic stress disorder. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of substances with neuroprotective properties that have the potential to offer neuroprotection in the treatment of SAE. An extensive literature search was conducted, extracting 71 articles that cover a range of substances, including plant-derived drugs, peptides, monoclonal antibodies, and other commonly used drugs. This review may provide valuable insights for clinicians and researchers working in the field of sepsis and SAE and contribute to the development of new treatment options for this challenging condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Krzyzaniak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Robert Krion
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szymczyk
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewelina Stepniewska
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Sieminski
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
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Jiang F, Guo Y, Hu L, Zhang M, Meng J, Si Y, Shi H. Role of nuclear factor of activated T Cells-1 in Sepsis-induced behavioral deficits in mice. Brain Res 2023; 1806:148299. [PMID: 36842570 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The nuclear factor of activated T cells-1 (NFAT1) is involved in both neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction. In this study, we examined the role of NFAT1 in sepsis-induced cognitive impairment in a mouse model. METHODS Sepsis was established in adult mice by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Novel object recognition tests on days 14-21 and fear conditioning tests on days 22-23 post-surgery showed that CLP impaired both behaviors. BV2 microglia cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to examine the effects of short interfering RNA targeting NFAT1 on autophagy and inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS CLP increased the expression of NFAT1 in hippocampal microglia and induced hippocampal autophagy by downregulating p62, upregulating beclin-1 and autophagy-related gene-5, and increasing the ratio of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-I (LC3-I) to LC3-II. In addition, CLP shifted microglial polarization from M2 to M1 and the production of inflammatory cytokines, similar to the effects of lipopolysaccharide on BV2 microglia cells. Conversely, NFAT1 knockdown or the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine attenuated the effects of CLP on autophagy and inflammation in vitro and in vivo, while rapamycin partially reversed the protective effects of NFAT1 inhibition. CONCLUSION This study suggests that NFAT1 downregulation attenuates sepsis-induced behavioral deficits by inhibiting autophagy, microglia polarization, and neuroinflammation..
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaoyi Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengxue Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jieqiong Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanna Si
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hongwei Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China.
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10
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Karabulut Uzunçakmak S, Özcan H, Dirican E, Tavacı Özçelik A. Evaluating STC-1 and STC-2 mRNA expressions in Schizophrenia patients with increased oxidative stress. ANNALES MÉDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES, REVUE PSYCHIATRIQUE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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11
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Xia TT, Hu R, Shao CJ, Feng Y, Yang XL, Xie YP, Shi JX, Li JS, Li XM. Stanniocalcin-1 secreted by human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells regulates interleukin-10 expression via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in alveolar macrophages. Cytokine 2023; 162:156114. [PMID: 36603482 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a syndrome of acute respiratory failure caused by infection, trauma, shock, aspiration or drug reaction. The pathogenesis of ARDS is characterized as an unregulated inflammatory storm, which causes endothelial and epithelial layer damage, leading to alveolar fluid accumulation and pulmonary edema. Previous studies have shown the potential role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in combating the inflammatory cascade by increasing the anti-inflammatory mediator interleukin-10 (IL-10). However, the involved mechanisms are unclear. Here we investigated whether a key immunomodulatory regulator, stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1), was secreted by MSC to activate phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT)/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway to increase IL-10 expression in alveolar macrophages. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated alveolar macrophages co-cultured with human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSC) secreted high levels of IL-10. HUMSC co-cultured with alveolar macrophages expressed high STC-1 levels and increased PI3K, AKT and mTOR phosphorylation after LPS activation in alveolar macrophages. STC-1 knockdown in HUMSC decreased the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT and mTOR and suppressed IL-10 expression in alveolar macrophages. Rapamycin (an mTOR inhibitor) reduced IL-10 secretion in alveolar macrophages. These results, together with our previous study and others, indicate that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is involved in the regulation of IL-10 production by STC-1 secreted by HUMSC in alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Xia
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 6 East Zhenhua Road, Lianyungang 222006, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 6 East Zhenhua Road, Lianyungang 222006, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Shao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 6 East Zhenhua Road, Lianyungang 222006, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 6 East Zhenhua Road, Lianyungang 222006, China
| | - Xing-Le Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 6 East Zhenhua Road, Lianyungang 222006, China
| | - Yong-Peng Xie
- Emergency Department, the Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 6 East Zhenhua Road, Lianyungang 222006, China
| | - Jia-Xin Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 6 East Zhenhua Road, Lianyungang 222006, China.
| | - Jia-Shu Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 6 East Zhenhua Road, Lianyungang 222006, China.
| | - Xiao-Min Li
- Emergency Department, the Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 6 East Zhenhua Road, Lianyungang 222006, China.
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12
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Lee MY, Ojeda-Britez S, Ehrbar D, Samwer A, Begley TJ, Melendez JA. Selenoproteins and the senescence-associated epitranscriptome. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:2090-2102. [PMID: 36036467 PMCID: PMC9837304 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221116592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium is a naturally found trace element, which provides multiple benefits including antioxidant, anticancer, and antiaging, as well as boosting immunity. One unique feature of selenium is its incorporation as selenocysteine, a rare 21st amino acid, into selenoproteins. Twenty-five human selenoproteins have been discovered, and a majority of these serve as crucial antioxidant enzymes for redox homeostasis. Unlike other amino acids, incorporation of selenocysteine requires a distinctive UGA stop codon recoding mechanism. Although many studies correlating selenium, selenoproteins, aging, and senescence have been performed, it has not yet been explored if the upstream events regulating selenoprotein synthesis play a role in senescence-associated pathologies. The epitranscriptomic writer alkylation repair homolog 8 (ALKBH8) is critical for selenoprotein production, and its deficiency can significantly decrease levels of selenoproteins that are essential for reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, and increase oxidative stress, one of the major drivers of cellular senescence. Here, we review the potential role of epitranscriptomic marks that govern selenocysteine utilization in regulating the senescence program.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Y Lee
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203, USA
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Stephen Ojeda-Britez
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Dylan Ehrbar
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- RNA Epitranscriptomics and Proteomics Resource, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | | | - Thomas J Begley
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- RNA Epitranscriptomics and Proteomics Resource, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - J Andres Melendez
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203, USA
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
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13
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Yan X, Yang K, Xiao Q, Hou R, Pan X, Zhu X. Central role of microglia in sepsis-associated encephalopathy: From mechanism to therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:929316. [PMID: 35958583 PMCID: PMC9361477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a cognitive impairment associated with sepsis that occurs in the absence of direct infection in the central nervous system or structural brain damage. Microglia are thought to be macrophages of the central nervous system, devouring bits of neuronal cells and dead cells in the brain. They are activated in various ways, and microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is characteristic of central nervous system diseases, including SAE. Here, we systematically described the pathogenesis of SAE and demonstrated that microglia are closely related to the occurrence and development of SAE. Furthermore, we comprehensively discussed the function and phenotype of microglia and summarized their activation mechanism and role in SAE pathogenesis. Finally, this review summarizes recent studies on treating cognitive impairment in SAE by blocking microglial activation and toxic factors produced after activation. We suggest that targeting microglial activation may be a putative treatment for SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Yan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kaiying Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rongyao Hou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hiser Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Rongyao Hou, ; Xudong Pan, ; Xiaoyan Zhu,
| | - Xudong Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Rongyao Hou, ; Xudong Pan, ; Xiaoyan Zhu,
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Rongyao Hou, ; Xudong Pan, ; Xiaoyan Zhu,
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14
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Rosa RH, Xie W, Zhao M, Tsai SH, Roddy GW, Su MG, Potts LB, Hein TW, Kuo L. Intravitreal Administration of Stanniocalcin-1 Rescues Photoreceptor Degeneration with Reduced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in a Porcine Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 239:230-243. [PMID: 35307380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1), a secreted polypeptide exhibiting multiple functions in cell survival and death, on photoreceptor degeneration in a porcine model of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). METHODS P23H transgenic pigs (TG P23H) and wild-type hybrid littermates were obtained from the National Swine Resource and Research Center. Human recombinant STC-1 was injected intravitreally every 2 weeks from postnatal day 15 (P15) to P75. The contralateral eye was injected with balanced salt solution as a control. Electroretinography (ERG) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were performed to evaluate retinal function and morphology in vivo at P90. Retinal tissue was collected for histologic analysis and molecular assays to evaluate the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms by which STC-1 may rescue photoreceptor degeneration. RESULTS Intravitreal injection of STC-1 improved retinal function in TG P23H pigs with increased photopic and flicker ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes. Greater integrity of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) band on SD-OCT and morphologic rescue with preservation of cone photoreceptors were observed in STC-1-treated TG P23H pigs. STC-1 altered gene expression in TG P23H pig retina on microarray analysis and increased photoreceptor specific gene expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. STC-1 significantly decreased oxidative stress and the expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome, cleaved caspase-1, and IL-1β in TG P23H pig retina. CONCLUSIONS Intravitreal administration of STC-1 enhances cone photoreceptor function, improves EZ integrity, and reduces retinal degeneration through antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in a large animal (pig) model of the most common form of autosomal dominant RP in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Rosa
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, ST, LP, TH, LK); Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, MS, LP, TH, LK).
| | - Wankun Xie
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, ST, LP, TH, LK); Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, MS, LP, TH, LK)
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, ST, LP, TH, LK); Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, MS, LP, TH, LK)
| | - Shu-Huai Tsai
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, ST, LP, TH, LK)
| | - Gavin W Roddy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (GR)
| | - Maxwell G Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, MS, LP, TH, LK)
| | - Luke B Potts
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, ST, LP, TH, LK); Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, MS, LP, TH, LK)
| | - Travis W Hein
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, ST, LP, TH, LK); Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, MS, LP, TH, LK)
| | - Lih Kuo
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, ST, LP, TH, LK); Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, MS, LP, TH, LK)
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15
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(-)-Epicatechin Reduces Neuroinflammation, Protects Mitochondria Function, and Prevents Cognitive Impairment in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2657713. [PMID: 35656027 PMCID: PMC9155907 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2657713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy is a common neurological complication of sepsis. Despite advances in pathological and diagnostic investigations, its treatment remains a major challenge. In sepsis-associated encephalopathy, neuroinflammatory overactivation and mitochondrial damage are thought to contribute to cognitive and behavioral impairments. In this study, we found that administration of (−)-Epicatechin, a dietary flavonoid of the flavan-3-ol subgroup, improves memory deficits and behavior performance by ameliorating neuroinflammation, regulating mitochondria function, enhancing synaptic plasticity, and reducing neuronal loss in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis. We further show that the AMPK signaling pathway might be among the mechanisms involved in the beneficial memory effects. Our data demonstrated the potential of (−)-Epicatechin as a new drug candidate for the treatment of sepsis-associated cognitive impairment by targeting AMPK.
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16
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Gao YL, Liu YC, Zhang X, Shou ST, Chai YF. Insight Into Regulatory T Cells in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy. Front Neurol 2022; 13:830784. [PMID: 35370925 PMCID: PMC8965708 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.830784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a diffuse central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction during sepsis, and is associated with increased mortality and poor outcomes in septic patients. Despite the high incidence and clinical relevance, the exact mechanisms driving SAE pathogenesis are not yet fully understood, and no specific therapeutic strategies are available. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have a role in SAE pathogenesis, thought to be related with alleviation of sepsis-induced hyper-inflammation and immune responses, promotion of T helper (Th) 2 cells functional shift, neuroinflammation resolution, improvement of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) function, among others. Moreover, in a clinical point of view, these cells have the potential value of improving neurological and psychiatric/mental symptoms in SAE patients. This review aims to provide a general overview of SAE from its initial clinical presentation to long-term cognitive impairment and summarizes the main features of its pathogenesis. Additionally, a detailed overview on the main mechanisms by which Tregs may impact SAE pathogenesis is given. Finally, and considering that Tregs may be a novel target for immunomodulatory intervention in SAE, different therapeutic options, aiming to boost peripheral and brain infiltration of Tregs, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-lei Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Yu-lei Gao
| | - Yan-cun Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rizhao People's Hospital of Shandong Province, Rizhao, China
| | - Song-tao Shou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-fen Chai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-fen Chai
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Sun B, He S, Liu B, Xu G, Guoji E, Feng L, Xu L, Chen D, Zhao W, Chen J, Gao Y, Zhang E. Stanniocalcin-1 Protected Astrocytes from Hypoxic Damage Through the AMPK Pathway. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2948-2957. [PMID: 34268656 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03393-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies revealed that the expression of stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) in astrocytes increased under hypoxic conditions. However, the role of STC1 in hypoxic astrocytes is not well understood. In this work, we first showed the increased expression of STC1 in astrocyte cell line and astrocytes in the brain tissues of mice after exposure to hypoxia. Then, we found that knockdown of STC1 inhibited cell viability and increased apoptosis. These effects were mediated by decreasing the levels of SIRT3, UCP2, and glycolytic genes and increasing the levels of ROS. Further studies suggested that STC1 silencing promoted oxidative stress and suppressed glycolysis by downregulating AMPKα1. Moreover, HIF-1α knockdown in hypoxic astrocytes led to decreased expression of STC1 and AMPKα1, indicating that the expression of STC1 was regulated by HIF-1α. In conclusion, our study showed that HIF-1α-induced STC1 could protect astrocytes from hypoxic damage by regulating glycolysis and redox homeostasis in an AMPKα1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binda Sun
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Shu He
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Bao Liu
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoji E
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Feng
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Licong Xu
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Dewei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenqi Zhao
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqi Gao
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China. .,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China. .,, Number 30, Gaotanyan Street, District of Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Erlong Zhang
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China. .,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China. .,, Number 30, Gaotanyan Street, District of Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Exosomes from Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells Overexpressing Stanniocalcin-1 Promote Reendothelialization After Carotid Endarterium Mechanical Injury. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:1041-1053. [PMID: 33982245 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) is a secreted glycoprotein that participates in the regulation of inflammation, apoptosis, and necrosis. We investigated the reendothelialization effect of exosomes from adipose stem cells (ADSC) overexpressing STC-1 on injured carotid endarterium. METHODS ADSCs were transfected with lentivirus vectors containing pre-STC-1. PHK-26 as molecular probe was used to track the exosomes engulfed by mice arterial endothelial cells (MAEC). The role of STC-1-ADSC-Exosome (S-ADSC-Exo) in MAECs was verified through scratch test and tube forming. Expressions of STC-1 and NLRP3 inflammasome were detected by western blot and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Reendothelialization effect was inhibited by the antagonist of siRNA targeting STC-1. Carotid endarterium mechanical injury was induced by insertion with a guidewire into the common carotid artery lumen. Carotid arteries were harvested for histological examination, immunofluorescence staining, and Evan's blue staining. RESULTS Transfection of STC-1 significantly enhanced STC-1 levels in ADSCs, their exosomes, and MAECs. Compared with the control group and the ADSC-Exo group, STC-1 enriched exosomes markedly inhibited the expressions of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β in MAECs, exhibited good lateral migration capacity, and promoted angiogenesis. Administration of siRNA targeting STC-1 completely abolished down-regulation of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β by STC-1 and inhibited effects of S-ADSC-Exo on lateral migration and angiogenesis. In vivo administration of S-ADSC-Exo had reendothelialization effect on post-injury carotid endarterium as evidenced by thinner arterial wall, low-expressed NLRP3 inflammasome, and more living endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS The reendothelialization effect of exosomes from ADSCs on post-injury carotid endarterium could be enhanced by genetic modification of the exosomes to contain elevated STC-1, possibly through suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation.
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