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Ji C, Tang X, Wen R, Xu C, Wei J, Han B, Wu L. A Multienzyme Reaction-Mediated Electrochemical Biosensor for Sensitive Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticides. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:62. [PMID: 38391981 PMCID: PMC10886554 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Ethephon (ETH), a commonly employed growth regulator, poses potential health risks due to its residue in fruits and vegetables, leading to both acute and subchronic toxicity. However, the detection accuracy of ETH is compromised by the color effects of the samples during the detection process. In this work, a multienzyme reaction-mediated electrochemical biosensor (MRMEC) was developed for the sensitive, rapid, and color-interference-resistant determination of ETH. Nanozymes Fe3O4@Au-Pt and graphene nanocomplexes (GN-Au NPs) were prepared as catalysts and signal amplifiers for MRMEC. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acetylcholine (ACh), and choline oxidase (CHOx) form a cascade enzyme reaction to produce H2O2 in an electrolytic cell. Fe3O4@Au-Pt has excellent peroxidase-like activity and can catalyze the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethvlbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of H2O2, resulting in a decrease in the characteristic peak current of TMB. Based on the inhibitory effect of ETH on AChE, the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) current signal of TMB was used to detect ETH, offering the limit of detection (LOD) of 2.01 nmol L-1. The MRMEC method effectively analyzed ETH levels in mangoes, showing satisfactory precision (coefficient of variations, 2.88-15.97%) and recovery rate (92.18-110.72%). This biosensor holds promise for detecting various organophosphorus pesticides in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhen Ji
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.J.); (X.T.); (C.X.)
| | - Xuemei Tang
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.J.); (X.T.); (C.X.)
| | - Ruiming Wen
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.J.); (X.T.); (C.X.)
| | - Chengdong Xu
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.J.); (X.T.); (C.X.)
| | - Jing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan Institute for Food Control, Haikou 570314, China;
| | - Bingjun Han
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China;
| | - Long Wu
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.J.); (X.T.); (C.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan Institute for Food Control, Haikou 570314, China;
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2
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Growth of Defect-Induced Carbon Nanotubes for Low-Temperature Fruit Monitoring Sensor. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9060131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a carbon nanotubes-based sensor has been grown for the purpose of ethylene detection. The prepared CNTs had a crystalline structure with a smooth surface of 11.0 nm in diameter and 10.0 µm in length. The low-intensity graphite peak (G-band) as compared to the peak of the defect (D-band) characterizes the defects in the CNTs. An MWNTs-gas sensor was fabricated for monitoring the ethylene gas. The highest response was recorded at a low operating temperature of 30 °C. The sensor was also examined at 300 ppb up to 10 ppm and it showed a response of 2% up to 28%. The sensor response and recovery time constants were varied from 60 to 300 s, depending on the gas concentration. The results that were obtained for the synthetic ethylene gas were also compared with the real measurements for banana ripening. The results confirmed that the sensor is appropriate for the monitoring of fruit ripening.
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Shaalan NM, Ahmed F, Kumar S, Melaibari A, Hasan PMZ, Aljaafari A. Monitoring Food Spoilage Based on a Defect-Induced Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Sensor at Room Temperature: Preventing Food Waste. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:30531-30537. [PMID: 33283101 PMCID: PMC7711695 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an electronic nose based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) synthesized by using a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, aiming to be a convenient monitoring device for food spoilage. The prepared CNTs showed a crystalline structure and smooth surface with a diameter of 11.3 nm and a length of ∼10 μm. The Raman spectrum showed that the CNTs fabricated were multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The characteristic graphite peak (G) observed at 1595 cm-1 in the Raman spectrum showed low intensity as compared to the defect peak (D) observed at 1330 cm-1, which referred to defect-induced points in CNTs. The CNTs were used to fabricate a sensor for ethylene gas produced by banana fruits for in situ measurements at room temperature. The sensor demonstrated good performance toward detecting the produced gas. The gas sensing signal was used as early indicators of the spoilage to help prevent food waste. The calibration curve was shown for the sensor responses evaluated at ripening days over 5 days. The sensor showed a response of 3.2% on the first day and increased to ∼7.0% by the third day and then gradually decreased. This sensor is appropriate for detecting the spoilage of food because it shows a good sensing response to a low level of produced gas from a single banana. Insight into food spoilage status of a specific level of gas shows its potential to be applied for quality assurance of food. The sensor sensitivity toward ethylene produced by a banana was confirmed based on the sensor response toward chemical ethylene gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagih M. Shaalan
- Department
of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal
University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Physics
Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Faheem Ahmed
- Department
of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal
University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shalendra Kumar
- Department
of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal
University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Physics, School of Engineering, University
of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Ammar Melaibari
- Center
of Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, P.O. Box 80216, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prince M. Z. Hasan
- Center
of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Aljaafari
- Department
of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal
University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Effects of ethephon on ethephon residue and quality properties of chili pepper during pre-harvest ripening. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020; 58:2098-2108. [PMID: 33967308 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04719-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The application of ethephon was investigated to examine its effects on both ethephon residue and quality properties of chili peppers during pre-harvest ripening with the goal of facilitating maximum commercial harvest along with improving color and flavor. A single ethephon treatment significantly increased L* and a* values and capsanthin concentration, while decreased total chlorophyll contents. Moreover, ethephon treatment induced significant promotion of capsaicin synthesis and reduction of soluble sugar content. While repeated treatments did not increase the total capsaicin content, and the consumption of soluble sugar was accelerated. Additionally, the maximum ethephon residue in chili pepper after ethephon treatment was 21.18 mg kg-1, which is lower than the permissible residue level of 50 mg kg-1 for chili peppers. The ethephon residual decreased with prolonging harvest time of chili peppers. The effects of ethephon treatment on different types of chili peppers were variable. The results of this study indicated that ethephon could hasten the ripening process and increase the quality of chili peppers.
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Tousson E, El-Atrsh A, Mansour M, Abdallah A. Modulatory effects of Saussurea lappa root aqueous extract against ethephon-induced kidney toxicity in male rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:1277-1284. [PMID: 31392797 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ethephon (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid) is a plant growth promoter used to control the plant growth process by liberating ethylene and stimulating the production of endogenous ethylene. Medicinal plants are sources of novel drug discovery targets. Costus (Saussurea lappa) has been used as traditional Chinese medicine. The current study was conducted to examine the possible modifying effects of costus (S. lappa) root aqueous extract against kidney toxicity induced by ethephon in male rats. A total of 50 adult male rats were divided into five groups (first, control; second, costus; third, ethephon; fourth, posttreated ethephon with costus; fifth, ethephon self-healing). There is a significant increase in the serum levels of urea, creatinine, potassium ions, chloride ions, kidney injury, DNA damage, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expressions in treated rats with ethephon when compared to the control group. In contrast, the treated rats with ethephon revealed a significant decrease in the levels of sodium ions and an insignificant decrease in the calcium ions. Saussurea lappa extract modified these alterations when compared to the control group. As a result, costus root extract significantly reduced rat kidney toxicity after ethephon administration. We recommend costus to be included in diet for its valuable effects, and also producers and consumers should become more aware about the toxic effects of ethephon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Tousson
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Afaf El-Atrsh
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Merfaat Mansour
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Assem Abdallah
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt
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Wang S, Jin H, Tang Q, Fu J, Ren Z, Peng C, Shang L, Hao W, Wei X. The effect of ethephon on immune system in male offspring of mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 49:119-123. [PMID: 27987403 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ethephon can liberate ethylene which could interfere the plant growth process. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of ethephon on developing immune system of male offspring. Ethephon could enhance NK cell activity in male mice. For 4-week-old male mice, lymphocytes of peripheral blood increased while the hemolytic plaque number decreased. Delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH) was inhibited in all groups. The expression of protein Bcl11b and p-p38 in thymus of treatment groups were lower than control group. Our results indicated that cellular immunity of male offspring is more sensitive to ethephon when exposed in pregnancy and lactation period. It should be emphasized that exposure to ethephon during the in utero stage and lactation stage still could damage the immune function of animal in the period before fully mature even in the dosage that could not influence the immune function of adult animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Haifeng Jin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Qiuqiong Tang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jun Fu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Zeming Ren
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Cike Peng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Lanqin Shang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Weidong Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xuetao Wei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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Sun ZY, Zhang TJ, Su JQ, Chow WS, Liu JQ, Chen LL, Li WH, Peng SL, Peng CL. A novel role of ethephon in controlling the noxious weed Ipomoea cairica (Linn.) Sweet. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11372. [PMID: 26087386 PMCID: PMC5155557 DOI: 10.1038/srep11372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Several auxin herbicides, such as 2, 4-D and dicamba, have been used to eradicate an exotic invasive weed Ipomoea cairica in subtropical China, but restraining the re-explosion of this weed is still a challenge. Since ethylene is one of the major intermediate functioning products during the eradication process, we explored the possibility, mechanism and efficiency of using ethephon which can release ethylene to control Ipomoea cairica. The results of the pot experiment showed that 7.2 g /L ethephon could totally kill Ipomoea cairica including the stems and roots. The water culture experiment indicated that ethephon released an abundance of ethylene directly in leaves and caused increases in electrolyte leakage, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), abscisic acid (ABA) and H2O2 and decreases in chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity, finally leading to the death of Ipomoea cairica. The field experiment showed that the theoretical effective concentration of ethephon for controlling Ipomoea cairica (weed control efficacy, WCE = 98%) was 4.06 g/L and the half inhibitory concentration (I50) was 0.56 g/L. More than 50% of the accompanying species were insensitive to the phytotoxicity of ethephon. Therefore, ethephon is an excellent alternative herbicide for controlling Ipomoea cairica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yu Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Tai-Jie Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jin-Quan Su
- 1] Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China [2] State Key Laboratory of Bio-control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wah Soon Chow
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, ACTON, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Jia-Qin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Li-Ling Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Wei-Hua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Shao-Lin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chang-Lian Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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Prediction of textural attributes using color values of banana (Musa sapientum) during ripening. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2012; 51:1179-84. [PMID: 24876653 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0614-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Banana is an important sub-tropical fruit in international trade. It undergoes significant textural and color transformations during ripening process, which in turn influence the eating quality of the fruit. In present study, color ('L', 'a' and 'b' value) and textural attributes of bananas (peel, fruit and pulp firmness; pulp toughness; stickiness) were studied simultaneously using Hunter Color Lab and Texture Analyser, respectively, during ripening period of 10 days at ambient atmosphere. There was significant effect of ripening period on all the considered textural characteristics and color properties of bananas except color value 'b'. In general, textural descriptors (peel, fruit and pulp firmness; and pulp toughness) decreased during ripening except stickiness, while color values viz 'a' and 'b' increased with ripening barring 'L' value. Among various textural attributes, peel toughness and pulp firmness showed highest correlation (r) with 'a' value of banana peel. In order to predict textural properties using color values of banana, five types of equations (linear/polynomial/exponential/logarithmic/power) were fitted. Among them, polynomial equation was found to be the best fit (highest coefficient of determination, R(2)) for prediction of texture using color properties for bananas. The pulp firmness, peel toughness and pulp toughness showed R(2) above 0.84 with indicating its potentiality of the fitted equations for prediction of textural profile of bananas non-destructively using 'a' value.
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Optimization of extraction conditions for phytic acid from rice bran using response surface methodology and its antioxidant effects. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2011; 51:371-6. [PMID: 24493898 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0521-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Solid-liquid extraction of phytic acid (PA) from rice bran was optimized by the maximization of the yield using response surface methodology. A Box-Behnken design was used to monitor the effects of three processing parameters of extraction on the PA yield, including ratio of acid solution to raw material (mL/g), hydrochloric acid concentration (mol/L), and extraction time (h). The results showed that the optimal conditions were acid solution/raw material of 8.5:1 (mL/g), HCl concentration 0.62 mol/L and extraction time 5.5 h. Validation tests indicated that the actual yield of PA was (2.15 ± 0.02)% with RSD = 1.92% (n = 5) under the optimized conditions, which was in good agreement with predicted yield. Antioxidant assays suggested that the extracted PA had weaker DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide free-radical-scavenging capabilities than vitamin C at the same concentration of 0.5 mg/mL.
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