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Theiner T, Ortner NJ, Oberacher H, Stojanovic G, Tuluc P, Striessnig J. Novel protocol for multiple-dose oral administration of the L-type Ca 2+ channel blocker isradipine in mice: A dose-finding pharmacokinetic study. Channels (Austin) 2024; 18:2335469. [PMID: 38564754 PMCID: PMC10989688 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2024.2335469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies in genetically modified animals and human genetics have recently provided new insight into the role of voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels in human disease. Therefore, the inhibition of L-type Ca2+ channels in vivo in wildtype and mutant mice by potent dihydropyridine (DHP) Ca2+ channel blockers serves as an important pharmacological tool. These drugs have a short plasma half-life in humans and especially in rodents and show high first-pass metabolism upon oral application. In the vast majority of in vivo studies, they have therefore been delivered through parenteral routes, mostly subcutaneously or intraperitoneally. High peak plasma concentrations of DHPs cause side effects, evident as DHP-induced aversive behaviors confounding the interpretation of behavioral readouts. Nevertheless, pharmacokinetic data measuring the exposure achieved with these applications are sparse. Moreover, parenteral injections require animal handling and can be associated with pain, discomfort and stress which could influence a variety of physiological processes, behavioral and other functional readouts. Here, we describe a noninvasive oral application of the DHP isradipine by training mice to quickly consume small volumes of flavored yogurt that can serve as drug vehicle. This procedure does not require animal handling, allows repeated drug application over several days and reproducibly achieves peak plasma concentrations over a wide range previously shown to be well-tolerated in humans. This protocol should facilitate ongoing nonclinical studies in mice exploring new indications for DHP Ca2+ channel blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Theiner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nadine J. Ortner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Oberacher
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gospava Stojanovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Petronel Tuluc
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jörg Striessnig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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2
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Lima ALD, Silva EG, Cardozo PL, da Silva MCM, Koerich S, Ribeiro FM, Moreira FA, Vieira LB. Isradipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker, attenuates cocaine effects in mice by reducing central glutamate release. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 971:176489. [PMID: 38492875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Substance abuse disorder is a chronic condition for which pharmacological treatment options remain limited. L-type calcium channels (LTCC) have been implicated in drug-related plasticity and behavior. Specifically, dopaminergic neurons in the mesocorticolimbic pathway express Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 channels, which may regulate dopaminergic activity associated with reward behavior. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that pre-administration of the LTCC blocker, isradipine can mitigate the effects of cocaine by modulating central glutamatergic transmission. For that, we administered isradipine at varying concentrations (1, 7.5, and 15 μg/μL) via intracerebroventricular injection in male Swiss mice. This pretreatment was carried out prior to subjecting animals to behavioral assessments to evaluate cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization and conditioned place preference (CPP). The results revealed that isradipine administered at a concentration of 1 μg/μL effectively attenuated both the sensitization and CPP induced by cocaine (15 mg/kg, via i. p.). Moreover, mice treated with 1 μg/μL of isradipine showed decreased presynaptic levels of glutamate and calcium in the cortex and hippocampus as compared to control mice following cocaine exposure. Notably, the gene expression of ionotropic glutamate receptors, AMPA, and NMDA, remained unchanged, as did the expression of Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 channels. Importantly, these findings suggest that LTCC blockage may inhibit behavioral responses to cocaine, most likely by decreasing glutamatergic input in areas related to addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Luiza Diniz Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Emanuele Guimarães Silva
- Department of Immunology and Biochemistry, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pablo Leal Cardozo
- Department of Immunology and Biochemistry, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Suélyn Koerich
- Department of Pharmacology, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Mara Ribeiro
- Department of Immunology and Biochemistry, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabrício A Moreira
- Department of Pharmacology, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciene Bruno Vieira
- Department of Pharmacology, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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3
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Szymanowicz O, Drużdż A, Słowikowski B, Pawlak S, Potocka E, Goutor U, Konieczny M, Ciastoń M, Lewandowska A, Jagodziński PP, Kozubski W, Dorszewska J. A Review of the CACNA Gene Family: Its Role in Neurological Disorders. Diseases 2024; 12:90. [PMID: 38785745 PMCID: PMC11119137 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12050090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium channels are specialized ion channels exhibiting selective permeability to calcium ions. Calcium channels, comprising voltage-dependent and ligand-gated types, are pivotal in neuronal function, with their dysregulation is implicated in various neurological disorders. This review delves into the significance of the CACNA genes, including CACNA1A, CACNA1B, CACNA1C, CACNA1D, CACNA1E, CACNA1G, and CACNA1H, in the pathogenesis of conditions such as migraine, epilepsy, cerebellar ataxia, dystonia, and cerebellar atrophy. Specifically, variants in CACNA1A have been linked to familial hemiplegic migraine and epileptic seizures, underscoring its importance in neurological disease etiology. Furthermore, different genetic variants of CACNA1B have been associated with migraine susceptibility, further highlighting the role of CACNA genes in migraine pathology. The complex relationship between CACNA gene variants and neurological phenotypes, including focal seizures and ataxia, presents a variety of clinical manifestations of impaired calcium channel function. The aim of this article was to explore the role of CACNA genes in various neurological disorders, elucidating their significance in conditions such as migraine, epilepsy, and cerebellar ataxias. Further exploration of CACNA gene variants and their interactions with molecular factors, such as microRNAs, holds promise for advancing our understanding of genetic neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Szymanowicz
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (O.S.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (U.G.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Artur Drużdż
- Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital in Poznan, 61-285 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Bartosz Słowikowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (B.S.); (P.P.J.)
| | - Sandra Pawlak
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (O.S.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (U.G.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Ewelina Potocka
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (O.S.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (U.G.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Ulyana Goutor
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (O.S.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (U.G.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Mateusz Konieczny
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (O.S.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (U.G.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Małgorzata Ciastoń
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (O.S.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (U.G.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Aleksandra Lewandowska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (O.S.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (U.G.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Paweł P. Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (B.S.); (P.P.J.)
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Dorszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (O.S.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (U.G.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (A.L.)
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4
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Burrows K, Figueroa-Hall LK, Stewart JL, Alarbi AM, Kuplicki R, Hannafon BN, Tan C, Risbrough VB, McKinney BA, Ramesh R, Victor TA, Aupperle R, Savitz J, Teague TK, Khalsa SS, Paulus MP. Exploring the role of neuronal-enriched extracellular vesicle miR-93 and interoception in major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:199. [PMID: 38678012 PMCID: PMC11055873 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02907-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with interoceptive processing dysfunctions, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this dysfunction are poorly understood. This study combined brain neuronal-enriched extracellular vesicle (NEEV) technology and serum markers of inflammation and metabolism with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to identify the contribution of gene regulatory pathways, in particular micro-RNA (miR) 93, to interoceptive dysfunction in MDD. Individuals with MDD (n = 41) and healthy comparisons (HC; n = 35) provided blood samples and completed an interoceptive attention task during fMRI. EVs were separated from plasma using a precipitation method. NEEVs were enriched by magnetic streptavidin bead immunocapture utilizing a neural adhesion marker (L1CAM/CD171) biotinylated antibody. The origin of NEEVs was validated with two other neuronal markers - neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 3 (ATP1A3). NEEV specificities were confirmed by flow cytometry, western blot, particle size analyzer, and transmission electron microscopy. NEEV small RNAs were purified and sequenced. Results showed that: (1) MDD exhibited lower NEEV miR-93 expression than HC; (2) within MDD but not HC, those individuals with the lowest NEEV miR-93 expression had the highest serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor, and leptin; and (3) within HC but not MDD, those participants with the highest miR-93 expression showed the strongest bilateral dorsal mid-insula activation during interoceptive versus exteroceptive attention. Since miR-93 is regulated by stress and affects epigenetic modulation by chromatin re-organization, these results suggest that healthy individuals but not MDD participants show an adaptive epigenetic regulation of insular function during interoceptive processing. Future investigations will need to delineate how specific internal and external environmental conditions contribute to miR-93 expression in MDD and what molecular mechanisms alter brain responsivity to body-relevant signals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leandra K Figueroa-Hall
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Oxley College of Health and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Jennifer L Stewart
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Oxley College of Health and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Ahlam M Alarbi
- Departments of Surgery and Psychiatry, School of Community Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | | | - Bethany N Hannafon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Chibing Tan
- Departments of Surgery and Psychiatry, School of Community Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Victoria B Risbrough
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brett A McKinney
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Robin Aupperle
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Oxley College of Health and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Jonathan Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Oxley College of Health and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - T Kent Teague
- Departments of Surgery and Psychiatry, School of Community Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sahib S Khalsa
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Oxley College of Health and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Oxley College of Health and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
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5
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Baker MR, Lee AS, Rajadhyaksha AM. L-type calcium channels and neuropsychiatric diseases: Insights into genetic risk variant-associated genomic regulation and impact on brain development. Channels (Austin) 2023; 17:2176984. [PMID: 36803254 PMCID: PMC9980663 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2176984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent human genetic studies have linked a variety of genetic variants in the CACNA1C and CACNA1D genes to neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. This is not surprising given the work from multiple laboratories using cell and animal models that have established that Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 L-type calcium channels (LTCCs), encoded by CACNA1C and CACNA1D, respectively, play a key role in various neuronal processes that are essential for normal brain development, connectivity, and experience-dependent plasticity. Of the multiple genetic aberrations reported, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CACNA1C and CACNA1D that are present within introns, in accordance with the growing body of literature establishing that large numbers of SNPs associated with complex diseases, including neuropsychiatric disorders, are present within non-coding regions. How these intronic SNPs affect gene expression has remained a question. Here, we review recent studies that are beginning to shed light on how neuropsychiatric-linked non-coding genetic variants can impact gene expression via regulation at the genomic and chromatin levels. We additionally review recent studies that are uncovering how altered calcium signaling through LTCCs impact some of the neuronal developmental processes, such as neurogenesis, neuron migration, and neuron differentiation. Together, the described changes in genomic regulation and disruptions in neurodevelopment provide possible mechanisms by which genetic variants of LTCC genes contribute to neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn R. Baker
- Neuroscience Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Andrew S. Lee
- Neuroscience Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, USA
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, USA
| | - Anjali M. Rajadhyaksha
- Neuroscience Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, USA
- Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
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6
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Del Rivero Morfin PJ, Chavez DS, Jayaraman S, Yang L, Kochiss AL, Colecraft HM, Liu XS, Marx SO, Rajadhyaksha AM, Ben-Johny M. A Genetically Encoded Actuator Selectively Boosts L-type Calcium Channels in Diverse Physiological Settings. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.22.558856. [PMID: 37790372 PMCID: PMC10542531 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.22.558856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
L-type Ca 2+ channels (Ca V 1.2/1.3) convey influx of calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) that orchestrate a bevy of biological responses including muscle contraction and gene transcription. Deficits in Ca V 1 function play a vital role in cardiac and neurodevelopmental disorders. Yet conventional pharmacological approaches to upregulate Ca V 1 are limited, as excessive Ca 2+ influx leads to cytotoxicity. Here, we develop a genetically encoded enhancer of Ca V 1.2/1.3 channels (GeeC) to manipulate Ca 2+ entry in distinct physiological settings. Specifically, we functionalized a nanobody that targets the Ca V macromolecular complex by attaching a minimal effector domain from a Ca V enhancer-leucine rich repeat containing protein 10 (Lrrc10). In cardiomyocytes, GeeC evoked a 3-fold increase in L-type current amplitude. In neurons, GeeC augmented excitation-transcription (E-T) coupling. In all, GeeC represents a powerful strategy to boost Ca V 1.2/1.3 function in distinct physiological settings and, in so doing, lays the groundwork to illuminate new insights on neuronal and cardiac physiology and disease.
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7
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Grotzinger AD, Singh K, Miller-Fleming TW, Lam M, Mallard TT, Chen Y, Liu Z, Ge T, Smoller JW. Transcriptome-Wide Structural Equation Modeling of 13 Major Psychiatric Disorders for Cross-Disorder Risk and Drug Repurposing. JAMA Psychiatry 2023; 80:811-821. [PMID: 37314780 PMCID: PMC10267850 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.1808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Importance Psychiatric disorders display high levels of comorbidity and genetic overlap, necessitating multivariate approaches for parsing convergent and divergent psychiatric risk pathways. Identifying gene expression patterns underlying cross-disorder risk also stands to propel drug discovery and repurposing in the face of rising levels of polypharmacy. Objective To identify gene expression patterns underlying genetic convergence and divergence across psychiatric disorders along with existing pharmacological interventions that target these genes. Design, Setting, and Participants This genomic study applied a multivariate transcriptomic method, transcriptome-wide structural equation modeling (T-SEM), to investigate gene expression patterns associated with 5 genomic factors indexing shared risk across 13 major psychiatric disorders. Follow-up tests, including overlap with gene sets for other outcomes and phenome-wide association studies, were conducted to better characterize T-SEM results. The Broad Institute Connectivity Map Drug Repurposing Database and Drug-Gene Interaction Database public databases of drug-gene pairs were used to identify drugs that could be repurposed to target genes found to be associated with cross-disorder risk. Data were collected from database inception up to February 20, 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Gene expression patterns associated with genomic factors or disorder-specific risk and existing drugs that target these genes. Results In total, T-SEM identified 466 genes whose expression was significantly associated (z ≥ 5.02) with genomic factors and 36 genes with disorder-specific effects. Most associated genes were found for a thought disorders factor, defined by bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Several existing pharmacological interventions were identified that could be repurposed to target genes whose expression was associated with the thought disorders factor or a transdiagnostic p factor defined by all 13 disorders. Conclusions and Relevance The findings from this study shed light on patterns of gene expression associated with genetic overlap and uniqueness across psychiatric disorders. Future versions of the multivariate drug repurposing framework outlined here have the potential to identify novel pharmacological interventions for increasingly common, comorbid psychiatric presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Grotzinger
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder
| | - Kritika Singh
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tyne W. Miller-Fleming
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Max Lam
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health Singapore, Singapore
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Travis T. Mallard
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Yu Chen
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaowen Liu
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Tian Ge
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
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Hackett J, Nadkarni V, Singh RS, Carthy CL, Antigua S, Hall BS, Rajadhyaksha AM. Repeat investigation during social preference behavior is suppressed in male mice with prefrontal cortex cacna1c (Ca v1.2)-deficiency through the dysregulation of neural dynamics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.24.546368. [PMID: 37425963 PMCID: PMC10326975 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.24.546368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Impairments in social behavior are observed in a range of neuropsychiatric disorders and several lines of evidence have demonstrated that dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a central role in social deficits. We have previously shown that loss of neuropsychiatric risk gene Cacna1c that codes for the Cav1.2 isoform of L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) in the PFC result in impaired sociability as tested using the three-chamber social approach test. In this study we aimed to further characterize the nature of the social deficit associated with a reduction in PFC Cav1.2 channels (Cav1.2PFCKO mice) by testing male mice in a range of social and nonsocial tests while examining PFC neural activity using in vivo GCaMP6s fiber photometry. We found that during the first investigation of the social and non-social stimulus in the three-chamber test, both Cav1.2PFCKO male mice and Cav1.2PFCGFP controls spent significantly more time with the social stimulus compared to a non-social object. In contrast, during repeat investigations while Cav1.2PFCWT mice continued to spend more time with the social stimulus, Cav1.2PFCKO mice spent equal amount of time with both social and non-social stimuli. Neural activity recordings paralleled social behavior with increase in PFC population activity in Cav1.2PFCWT mice during first and repeat investigations, which was predictive of social preference behavior. In Cav1.2PFCKO mice, there was an increase in PFC activity during first social investigation but not during repeat investigations. These behavioral and neural differences were not observed during a reciprocal social interaction test nor during a forced alternation novelty test. To evaluate a potential deficit in reward-related processes, we tested mice in a three-chamber test wherein the social stimulus was replaced by food. Behavioral testing revealed that both Cav1.2PFCWT and Cav1.2PFCKO mice showed a preference for food over object with significantly greater preference during repeat investigation. Interestingly, there was no increase in PFC activity when Cav1.2PFCWT or Cav1.2PFCKO first investigated the food however activity significantly increased in Cav1.2PFCWT mice during repeat investigations of the food. This was not observed in Cav1.2PFCKO mice. In summary, a reduction in Cav1.2 channels in the PFC suppresses the development of a sustained social preference in mice that is associated with lack of PFC neuronal population activity that may be related to deficits in social reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Hackett
- Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Viraj Nadkarni
- Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Ronak S. Singh
- Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Camille L. Carthy
- Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Susan Antigua
- Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Baila S. Hall
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065
| | - Anjali M. Rajadhyaksha
- Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
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9
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Burrows K, Figueroa-Hall L, Stewart J, Alarbi A, Kuplicki R, Hannafon B, Tan C, Risbrough V, McKinney B, Ramesh R, Victor T, Aupperle R, Savitz J, Teague K, Khalsa S, Paulus M. Exploring the role of neuronal-enriched extracellular vesicle miR-93 and interoception in major depressive disorder. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2813878. [PMID: 37398092 PMCID: PMC10312986 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2813878/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with interoceptive processing dysfunctions, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this dysfunction are poorly understood. This study combined brain Neuronal-Enriched Extracellular Vesicle (NEEV) technology and serum markers of inflammation and metabolism with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to identify the contribution of gene regulatory pathways, in particular micro-RNA (miR) 93, to interoceptive dysfunction in MDD. Individuals with MDD (n = 44) and healthy comparisons (HC; n = 35) provided blood samples and completed an interoceptive attention task during fMRI. EVs were separated from plasma using a precipitation method. NEEVs were enriched by magnetic streptavidin bead immunocapture utilizing a neural adhesion marker (CD171) biotinylated antibody. NEEV specificities were confirmed by ow cytometry, western blot, particle size analyzer, and transmission electron microscopy. NEEV small RNAs were purified and sequenced. Results showed that: (1) MDD exhibited lower NEEV miR-93 expression than HC; (2) within MDD but not HC, those individuals with the lowest NEEV miR-93 expression had the highest serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor, and leptin; and (3) within HC but not MDD, those participants with the highest miR-93 expression showed the strongest bilateral dorsal mid-insula activation. Since miR-93 is regulated by stress and affects epigenetic modulation by chromatin reorganization, these results suggest that healthy individuals but not MDD participants show an adaptive epigenetic regulation of insular function during interoceptive processing. Future investigations will need to delineate how specific internal and external environmental conditions contribute to miR-93 expression in MDD and what molecular mechanisms alter brain responsivity to body-relevant signals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kent Teague
- University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine
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10
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Novaes de Oliveira Roldan AC, Fernandes Júnior LCC, de Oliveira CEC, Nunes SOV. Impact of ZNF804A rs1344706 or CACNA1C rs1006737 polymorphisms on cognition in patients with severe mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Biol Psychiatry 2023; 24:195-208. [PMID: 35786202 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2022.2097308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis focussed on insights into the relationship between CACNA1C-rs1006737 and ZNF804A-rs1344706 polymorphisms and cognitive performance in schizophrenia (SCZ) spectrum and bipolar disorder (BD) and provide some contributions for clinical practice. METHODS We searched the websites databases (PubMED, PsycINFO, Web of Science, EMBASE and Cochrane Library) using eligibility and exclusion criteria to capture all potential studies, based on PICO model and according to the PRISMA. RESULTS Eight articles were included in this systematic review (five referring to CACNA1C-rs1006737 and three related to ZNF804A-rs1344706 polymorphisms), with a total of 5759 participants (1751 SCZ patients, 348 BD patients, 3626 controls and 34 first-degree relatives). The results demonstrated that the pooled effect of CACNA1C-rs1006737 (risk difference RD = 0.08; 95% CI 0.02-0.15) was associated with altered cognitive function in patients with severe mental disorders, but not ZNF804A-rs1344706 polymorphism (RD = 0.19; 95% CI 0.09-0.48. CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis provides evidence regarding slight association between CACNA1C-rs1006737 polymorphisms and cognitive performance in severe mental disorders, indicating that cognitive impairment in severe mental disorders associated with the CACNA1C rs1006737 risk variants could only be expressed when interacting with environmental exposures. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42021246726.
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11
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Nunes EJ, Addy NA. L-type calcium channel regulation of dopamine activity in the ventral tegmental area to nucleus accumbens pathway: Implications for substance use, mood disorders and co-morbidities. Neuropharmacology 2023; 224:109336. [PMID: 36414149 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
L-type calcium channels (LTCCs), including the Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 LTCC subtypes, are important regulators of calcium entry into neurons, which mediates neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity. Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 are encoded by the CACNA1C and CACNA1D genes, respectively. These genes are implicated in substance use disorders and depression in humans, as demonstrated by genetic-wide association studies (GWAS). Pre-clinical models have also revealed a critical role of LTCCs on drug and mood related behavior, including the co-morbidity of substance use and mood disorders. Moreover, LTCCs have been shown to regulate the neuronal firing of dopamine (DA) neurons as well as drug and stress-induced plasticity within the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to nucleus accumbens (NAc) pathway. Thus, LTCCs are interesting targets for the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases. In this review, we provide a brief introduction to voltage-gated calcium channels, specifically focusing on the LTCCs. We place particular emphasis on the ability of LTCCs to regulate DA neuronal activity and downstream signaling in the VTA to NAc pathway, and how such processes mediate substance use and mood disorder-related behavioral responses. We also discuss the bi-directional control of VTA LTCCs on drug and mood-related behaviors in pre-clinical models, with implications for co-morbid psychiatric diagnosis. We conclude with a section on the clinical implications of LTCC blockers, many which are already FDA approved as cardiac medications. Thus, pre-clinical and clinical work should examine the potential of LTCC blockers to be repurposed for neuropsychiatric illness. This article is part of the Special Issue on 'L-type calcium channel mechanisms in neuropsychiatric disorders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Nunes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, United States; Yale Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, Yale School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Nii A Addy
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, United States; Yale Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, Yale School of Medicine, United States; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, United States; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, United States; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, United States
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12
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Martínez-Rivera A, Hao J, Rice R, Inturrisi CE, Rajadhyaksha AM. Ca v1.3 L-type Ca 2+ channel-activated CaMKII/ERK2 pathway in the ventral tegmental area is required for cocaine conditioned place preference. Neuropharmacology 2023; 224:109368. [PMID: 36481277 PMCID: PMC9796157 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that pharmacological blockade of ventral tegmental area (VTA) Cav1.3 L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) using Cav1.2 dihydropyridine insensitive (Cav1.2DHP-/-) mutant mice attenuates cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP). However, the molecular mechanisms by which Cav1.3 channels mediate the effects of cocaine in the VTA remain largely unknown. In this study using Cav1.2DHP-/- male mice, we find that cocaine place preference increases CaM kinase IIα, ERK2, and CREB phosphorylation in the VTA, proteins strongly linked to cocaine behaviors. To further explore the causal role of these intracellular signaling proteins in cocaine preference, the CaM kinase II inhibitor, KN93 was directly injected into the VTA of male mice before each cocaine conditioning session. We found that KN93 attenuates conditioned preference for cocaine compared to vehicle treated mice and decreased VTA ERK2 and CREB phosphorylation. Additionally, blockade of the ERK pathway with the MEK inhibitor, U0126 or knockdown of ERK2 using siRNA, attenuated cocaine preference and VTA CREB phosphorylation but not CaMKIIα phosphorylation, suggesting that ERK is activated downstream of CaMKIIα. Examination of postsynaptic density (PSD) GluA1 subunit of AMPA receptors in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) that we have previously shown to be upregulated following long withdrawal periods, was blunted by KN93, U0126 and ERK2 siRNA when examined 30 days following cocaine CPP. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that Cav1.3 channels in the VTA are required for cocaine reward behavior and activation of the CaMKIIα/ERK/CREB signaling pathway in the VTA is necessary for long-lasting changes in the NAc. This article is part of the Special Issue on 'L-type calcium channel mechanisms in neuropsychiatric disorders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene Martínez-Rivera
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jin Hao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Rice
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Anjali M Rajadhyaksha
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Hen-Shoval D, Moshe L, Indig-Naimer T, Mechoulam R, Shoval G, Zalsman G, Kogan NM, Weller A. Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Blockade Prevents Anti-Depressive-like Effect of Cannabidiol Acid Methyl Ester in Female WKY Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043828. [PMID: 36835237 PMCID: PMC9958868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) is diverse and multi-factorial, yet treatment strategies remain limited. While women are twice as likely to develop the disorder as men, many animal model studies of antidepressant response rely solely on male subjects. The endocannabinoid system has been linked to depression in clinical and pre-clinical studies. Cannabidiolic Acid-Methyl Ester (CBDA-ME, EPM-301) demonstrated anti-depressive-like effects in male rats. Here, we explored acute effects of CBDA-ME and some possible mediating mechanisms, using a depressive-like genetic animal model, the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat. In Experiment 1, Female WKY rats underwent the Forced swim test (FST) following acute CBDA-ME oral ingestion (1/5/10 mg/kg). In Experiment 2, Male and female WKY rats underwent the FST after injection of CB1 (AM-251) and CB2 (AM-630) receptor antagonists 30 min before acute CBDA-ME ingestion (1 mg/kg, males; 5 mg/kg, females). Serum levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), numerous endocannabinoids and hippocampal Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) levels were assessed. Results indicate that females required higher doses of CBDA-ME (5 and 10 mg/kg) to induce an anti-depressive-like effect in the FST. AM-630 blocked the antidepressant-like effect in females, but not in males. The effect of CBDA-ME in females was accompanied by elevated serum BDNF and some endocannabinoids and low hippocampal expression of FAAH. This study shows a sexually diverse behavioral anti-depressive response to CBDA-ME and possible underlying mechanisms in females, supporting its potential use for treating MDD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Hen-Shoval
- Psychology Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Correspondence: (D.H.-S.); (N.M.K.)
| | - Lital Moshe
- Psychology Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Talia Indig-Naimer
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Raphael Mechoulam
- Institute for Drug Research, Medical Faculty, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
| | - Gal Shoval
- Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tiqva 4910002, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Gil Zalsman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Natalya M. Kogan
- Institute of Personalized and Translational Medicine, Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
- Correspondence: (D.H.-S.); (N.M.K.)
| | - Aron Weller
- Psychology Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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14
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Bastos CR, Bock BB, Xavier J, Camerini L, Dewes SS, Grellert M, de Carvalho HW, Jansen K, da Silva RA, Pinheiro RT, de Mattos Souza L, Oses JP, Portela LV, Lara DR, Tovo-Rodrigues L, Ghisleni G. Temperament traits mediate the relationship between CACNA1C polymorphisms and bipolar disorder in cisgender women. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:41-50. [PMID: 36181558 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The influence of temperament traits on bipolar disorder (BD) has been investigated. Both temperament traits and BD are partially genetically determined and seem to be influenced by variations in the CACNA1C gene. These variations presented a significant interactive effect with biological sex, although studies that evaluate this relationship are scarce. Here, we assessed the mediation effect of temperament traits on the relationship between two polymorphisms in the CACNA1C gene (rs1006737 and rs4765913) and BD according to sex. This is a cross-sectional study consisting of 878 Caucasian individuals (508 women and 370 men), aged 18-35, enrolled in a population-based study in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. BD diagnosis was evaluated using the clinical interview MINI 5.0, and temperament traits were assessed via the application of the Affective and Emotional Composite Temperament Scale (AFECTS). Mediation models were tested using the modeling tool PROCESS (version 3.3) for SPSS. Bootstrapping-enhanced mediation analyses in women indicated that traits anger (39%) and caution (27%) mediated the association between the rs4765913 SNP and BD, while traits volition (29%), anger (35%), and caution (29%) mediated the association between the AA haplotype (rs1006737-rs4765913) and the BD. No effect was encountered for cisgender men. Our model revealed that paths from CACNA1C SNPs to BD are mediated by specific temperament traits in women, reinforcing the definition of temperament traits as endophenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Ribeiro Bastos
- Post-Graduation Program in Health and Behavior, Center of Health Science, Catholic University of Pelotas, 373, 324C Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96015-560, Brazil
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Bertha Bueno Bock
- Post-Graduation Program in Health and Behavior, Center of Health Science, Catholic University of Pelotas, 373, 324C Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96015-560, Brazil
| | - Janaina Xavier
- Post-Graduation Program in Health and Behavior, Center of Health Science, Catholic University of Pelotas, 373, 324C Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96015-560, Brazil
| | - Laísa Camerini
- Post-Graduation Program in Health and Behavior, Center of Health Science, Catholic University of Pelotas, 373, 324C Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96015-560, Brazil
| | - Samantha Seibt Dewes
- Post-Graduation Program in Health and Behavior, Center of Health Science, Catholic University of Pelotas, 373, 324C Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96015-560, Brazil
| | - Mateus Grellert
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Karen Jansen
- Post-Graduation Program in Health and Behavior, Center of Health Science, Catholic University of Pelotas, 373, 324C Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96015-560, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Azevedo da Silva
- Post-Graduation Program in Health and Behavior, Center of Health Science, Catholic University of Pelotas, 373, 324C Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96015-560, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tavares Pinheiro
- Post-Graduation Program in Health and Behavior, Center of Health Science, Catholic University of Pelotas, 373, 324C Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96015-560, Brazil
| | - Luciano de Mattos Souza
- Post-Graduation Program in Health and Behavior, Center of Health Science, Catholic University of Pelotas, 373, 324C Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96015-560, Brazil
| | - Jean Pierre Oses
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luis Valmor Portela
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Diogo Rizzato Lara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Ghisleni
- Post-Graduation Program in Health and Behavior, Center of Health Science, Catholic University of Pelotas, 373, 324C Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96015-560, Brazil.
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15
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Barsegyan A, McGaugh JL, Roozendaal B. Glucocorticoid effects on working memory impairment require l-type calcium channel activity within prefrontal cortex. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2023; 197:107700. [PMID: 36410654 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous findings have indicated that glucocorticoid hormones impair working memory via an interaction with the β-adrenoceptor-cAMP signaling cascade to rapidly increase cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity within the prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, it remains elusive how such activation of PKA can affect downstream cellular mechanisms in regulating PFC cognitive function. PKA is known to activate l-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) which regulate a broad range of cellular processes, including neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release. The present experiments examined whether LTCC activity within the PFC is required in mediating glucocorticoid and PKA effects on spatial working memory. Male Sprague Dawley rats received bilateral administration of the LTCC inhibitor diltiazem together with either the glucocorticoid receptor agonist RU 28362 or PKA activator Sp-cAMPS into the PFC before testing on a delayed alternation task in a T-maze. Both RU 28362 and Sp-cAMPS impaired working memory, whereas the LTCC inhibitor diltiazem fully blocked the working memory impairment induced by either RU 28362 or Sp-cAMPS. Conversely, bilateral administration of the LTCC agonist Bay K8644 into the PFC was sufficient to impair working memory. Thus, these findings provide support for the view that glucocorticoids, via an interaction with the β-adrenergic signaling cascade and enhanced PKA activity levels, impair working memory by increasing LTCC activity in the PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areg Barsegyan
- Dept. Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - James L McGaugh
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Dept. Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3800, USA
| | - Benno Roozendaal
- Dept. Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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16
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Caulfield ME, Manfredsson FP, Steece-Collier K. The Role of Striatal Cav1.3 Calcium Channels in Therapeutics for Parkinson's Disease. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 279:107-137. [PMID: 36592226 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a relentlessly progressive neurodegenerative disorder with typical motor symptoms that include rigidity, tremor, and akinesia/bradykinesia, in addition to a host of non-motor symptoms. Motor symptoms are caused by progressive and selective degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons in the SN pars compacta (SNpc) and the accompanying loss of striatal DA innervation from these neurons. With the exception of monogenic forms of PD, the etiology of idiopathic PD remains unknown. While there are a number of symptomatic treatment options available to individuals with PD, these therapies do not work uniformly well in all patients, and eventually most are plagued with waning efficacy and significant side-effect liability with disease progression. The incidence of PD increases with aging, and as such the expected burden of this disease will continue to escalate as our aging population increases (Dorsey et al. Neurology 68:384-386, 2007). The daunting personal and socioeconomic burden has pressed scientists and clinicians to find improved symptomatic treatment options devoid side-effect liability and meaningful disease-modifying therapies. Federal and private sources have supported clinical investigations over the past two-plus decades; however, no trial has yet been successful in finding an effective therapy to slow progression of PD, and there is currently just one FDA approved drug to treat the antiparkinsonian side-effect known as levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) that impacts approximately 90% of all individuals with PD. In this review, we present biological rationale and experimental evidence on the potential therapeutic role of the L-type voltage-gated Cav1.3 calcium (Ca2+) channels in two distinct brain regions, with two distinct mechanisms of action, in impacting the lives of individuals with PD. Our primary emphasis will be on the role of Cav1.3 channels in the striatum and the compelling evidence of their involvement in LID side-effect liability. We also briefly discuss the role of these same Ca2+ channels in the SNpc and the longstanding interest in Cav1.3 in this brain region in halting or delaying progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Caulfield
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Fredric P Manfredsson
- Parkinson's Disease Research Unit, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kathy Steece-Collier
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
- Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
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17
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Dashti S, Nahavandi A. Neuroprotective effects of aripiprazole in stress-induced depressive-like behavior: Possible role of CACNA1C. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 126:102170. [PMID: 36270562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder. Recently, aripiprazole, a novel antipsychotic drug, has been approved as the adjunctive therapy for the Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD). However, the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of aripiprazole are not fully known. Besides the involvement of calcium signaling dysregulations in the pathophysiology of depression, there is some evidence of overexpressed CACNA1C (the gene encoding the Cav1.2 channels) following chronic stress in the brain regions, which involved in emotional and stress responses. Based on the data indicating the aripiprazole's effects on intracellular calcium levels, this study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of therapeutic effects of aripiprazole, by a focus on the modulation of CACNA1C expression, in the rat stress-induced model of depression. METHODS Using Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS) model of depression, we examined the effects of aripiprazole on depressive and anxiety-like behaviors (by forced swimming test and elevated plus maze), serum IL-6 (Elisa), and cell survival (Nissl staining). In addition, CACNA1C, BDNF, and TrkB expression in the PFC and hippocampus (RT-qPCR), as well as BDNF and GAP-43 protein levels in the hippocampus (Immunohistofluorescence), have been assayed. RESULTS Our data indicated that aripiprazole could improve anxiety and depressive-like behaviors, decrease the serum levels of IL-6 and hippocampal cell death following CUMS. In addition, we showed the significant modulation on overexpressed CACNA1C, as well as downregulated BDNF and GAP-43 expression DISCUSSION: These results demonstrate that aripiprazole may promote synaptic plasticity by improving the expression of BDNF and gap-43. In addition, inflammation reduction and CACNA1C expression downregulation may be some of mechanisms by which aripiprazole alleviates chronic stress-induced hippocampal cell death and play its pivotal antidepressant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Dashti
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezo Nahavandi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Novel non-stimulants rescue hyperactive phenotype in an adgrl3.1 mutant zebrafish model of ADHD. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022:10.1038/s41386-022-01505-z. [PMID: 36400921 PMCID: PMC10267219 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01505-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
ADHD is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder. The first-line therapeutic for ADHD, methylphenidate, can cause serious side effects including weight loss, insomnia, and hypertension. Therefore, the development of non-stimulant-based therapeutics has been prioritized. However, many of these also cause other effects, most notably somnolence. Here, we have used a uniquely powerful genetic model and unbiased drug screen to identify novel ADHD non-stimulant therapeutics. We first found that adgrl3.1 null (adgrl3.1-/-) zebrafish larvae showed a robust hyperactive phenotype. Although the hyperactivity was rescued by three ADHD non-stimulant therapeutics, all interfered significantly with sleep. Second, we used wild-type zebrafish larvae to characterize a simple behavioral phenotype generated by atomoxetine and screened the 1200 compound Prestwick Chemical Library® for a matching behavioral profile resulting in 67 hits. These hits were re-assayed in the adgrl3.1-/-. Using the previously identified non-stimulants as a positive control, we identified four compounds that matched the effect of atomoxetine: aceclofenac, amlodipine, doxazosin, and moxonidine. We additionally demonstrated cognitive effects of moxonidine in mice using a T-maze spontaneous alternation task. Moxonidine, has high affinity for imidazoline 1 receptors. We, therefore, assayed a pure imidazoline 1 agonist, LNP599, which generated an effect closely matching other non-stimulant ADHD therapeutics suggesting a role for this receptor system in ADHD. In summary, we introduce a genetic model of ADHD in zebrafish and identify five putative therapeutics. The findings offer a novel tool for understanding the neural circuits of ADHD, suggest a novel mechanism for its etiology, and identify novel therapeutics.
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Genetic associations with resilience to potentially traumatic events and vantage sensitivity to social support. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2022; 40:147-157. [PMID: 36064238 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stress responses and mental health outcomes greatly vary when individuals are exposed to potentially traumatic events (PTEs). The Differential Susceptibility Model (DSM) (Pluess, 2015) suggests individual differences in stress responses are influenced by gene-environment interactions, with genes conferring reactivity. While individuals can be resilient (or vulnerable) to PTEs, they can also have vantage sensitivity (or resistance) to social support. This study examined whether selected genotypes moderated the effect of PTEs and social support on mental health. METHODS This cross-sectional candidate gene study included 450 college students (M age = 20.4, 79.3 % women) who provided buccal cells for genotyping and completed measures of psychosocial variables. DNA was genotyped for 12 genetic variants. RESULTS Hierarchical regression revealed that the Mental Health Inventory (MHI) was associated with the Trauma History Questionnaire (THQ), rs1800795 in IL-6, and THQ × rs1800795 [R2 = 0.10, F(3, 418) = 15.68, p < .01]. The MHI was associated with the Social Support Survey (SSS), rs4680 in COMT, and SSS × rs4680 [R2 = 0.24, F(3, 429) = 44.19, p < .01]. Only THQ and SSS survived multiple testing corrections. DISCUSSION Findings partially support the DSM that the G/G genotype of rs1800795 in IL-6 is associated with resilience to PTEs, and the Met/Met genotype of rs4680 in COMT is associated with vantage sensitivity to social support. Limitations include cross-sectional design, limited PTE measurement, small convenience sample, and noncorrection for multiple significance test. Clinicians need to view resilience holistically and understand resilience is associated with psychosocial and genetic factors.
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Harrison PJ, Husain SM, Lee H, Los Angeles AD, Colbourne L, Mould A, Hall NAL, Haerty W, Tunbridge EM. CACNA1C (Ca V1.2) and other L-type calcium channels in the pathophysiology and treatment of psychiatric disorders: Advances from functional genomics and pharmacoepidemiology. Neuropharmacology 2022; 220:109262. [PMID: 36154842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A role for voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) in psychiatric disorders has long been postulated as part of a broader involvement of intracellular calcium signalling. However, the data were inconclusive and hard to interpret. We review three areas of research that have markedly advanced the field. First, there is now robust genomic evidence that common variants in VGCC subunit genes, notably CACNA1C which encodes the L-type calcium channel (LTCC) CaV1.2 subunit, are trans-diagnostically associated with psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Rare variants in these genes also contribute to the risk. Second, pharmacoepidemiological evidence supports the possibility that calcium channel blockers, which target LTCCs, might have beneficial effects on the onset or course of these disorders. This is especially true for calcium channel blockers that are brain penetrant. Third, long-range sequencing is revealing the repertoire of full-length LTCC transcript isoforms. Many novel and abundant CACNA1C isoforms have been identified in human and mouse brain, including some which are enriched compared to heart or aorta, and predicted to encode channels with differing functional and pharmacological properties. These isoforms may contribute to the molecular mechanisms of genetic association to psychiatric disorders. They may also enable development of therapeutic agents that can preferentially target brain LTCC isoforms and be of potential value for psychiatric indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Harrison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK.
| | - Syed M Husain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Hami Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | | | - Lucy Colbourne
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Arne Mould
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Nicola A L Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Wilfried Haerty
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Tunbridge
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
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21
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Shao H, Gan Q, Chen Z, Zhu S, Zhu Y. Analysis of the Underlying Mechanism of the Jiu Wei Zhen Xin Formula for Treating Generalized Anxiety Disorder Based on Network Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:7761852. [PMID: 35677384 PMCID: PMC9168090 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7761852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there are many effective pharmacological treatments for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), formulated herbal granule is also an alternative way. Our research intends to construct a pharmacological network on genetic targets and pathways between Jiu Wei Zhen Xin Formula (JWZXF) and GAD. Through the TCMSP database, we collected the active ingredients of JWZXF and potential targets of the active ingredients. The GAD-related proteins collected from GeneCards database and DisGeNET database were combined. Component-target protein networks were constructed and visualized using Cytoscape 3.8.2 software to comprehensively clarify the relationships between ingredients, components, and targets. The intersection targets were imported into the STRING database, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. We constructed and analyzed the visualized "drug-target-disease" network. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment together with Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were conducted on the common target through R language. Forty-one effective components and 106 potential targets of JWZXF were found. There were top ten hub genes and multiple important signaling pathways involved in the treatment of GAD with the JWZXF. This study expounded the pharmacological actions and molecular mechanisms of the JWZXF in treating GAD from a holistic perspective. The potential pharmacological effects of the JWZXF are closely related to regulation because not only does it comprehensively analyze the possible mechanism of JWZXF treatment of GAD but it can also facilitate further in-depth research and provide a theoretical basis for the clinical expansion of its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Shao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Quan Gan
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhuangfei Chen
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shasha Zhu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanqing Zhu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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22
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Lanzetti S, Di Biase V. Small Molecules as Modulators of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Neurological Disorders: State of the Art and Perspectives. Molecules 2022; 27:1312. [PMID: 35209100 PMCID: PMC8879281 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are widely expressed in the brain, heart and vessels, smooth and skeletal muscle, as well as in endocrine cells. VGCCs mediate gene transcription, synaptic and neuronal structural plasticity, muscle contraction, the release of hormones and neurotransmitters, and membrane excitability. Therefore, it is not surprising that VGCC dysfunction results in severe pathologies, such as cardiovascular conditions, neurological and psychiatric disorders, altered glycemic levels, and abnormal smooth muscle tone. The latest research findings and clinical evidence increasingly show the critical role played by VGCCs in autism spectrum disorders, Parkinson's disease, drug addiction, pain, and epilepsy. These findings outline the importance of developing selective calcium channel inhibitors and modulators to treat such prevailing conditions of the central nervous system. Several small molecules inhibiting calcium channels are currently used in clinical practice to successfully treat pain and cardiovascular conditions. However, the limited palette of molecules available and the emerging extent of VGCC pathophysiology require the development of additional drugs targeting these channels. Here, we provide an overview of the role of calcium channels in neurological disorders and discuss possible strategies to generate novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Di Biase
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr Strasse 1, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
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Egerton S, Donoso F, Fitzgerald P, Gite S, Fouhy F, Whooley J, Dinan TG, Cryan JF, Culloty SC, Ross RP, Stanton C. Investigating the potential of fish oil as a nutraceutical in an animal model of early life stress. Nutr Neurosci 2022; 25:356-378. [PMID: 32734823 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1753322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Early life stress is a key predisposing factor for depression and anxiety disorders. Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRI) are frequently used as the first line of pharmacology treatment for depression but have several negative qualities, i.e. a delay or absence of effectiveness and negative side-effects. Therefore, there is a growing need for new nutraceutical-based strategies to blunt the effects of adverse-life events.Objectives: This study aimed to use the maternal separation model in rats to test the efficacy of fish oil dietary supplementation, on its own and in conjunction with the SSRI anti-depressant fluoxetine, as a treatment for depressive and anxiety-like symptoms associated with early life stress.Methods: Behavioural tests (open field test, elevated plus maze test and forced swim test) and biochemical markers (corticosterone, BDNF, brain fatty acids and short chain fatty acids) were used to analyse the effects of the dietary treatments. Gut microbial communities and relating metabolites (SCFA) were analysed to investigate possible changes in the microbiota-gut-brain axis.Results: Maternally separated rats showed depressive-like behaviours in the forced swim and open field tests. These behaviours were prevented significantly by fluoxetine administration and in part by fish oil supplementation. Associated biochemical changes reported include altered brain fatty acids, significantly lower plasma corticosterone levels (AUC) and reduced brain stem serotonin turnover, compared to untreated, maternally separated (MS) rats. Untreated MS animals had significantly lower ratios of SCFA producers such as Caldicoprobacteraceae, Streptococcaceae, Rothia, Lachnospiraceae_NC2004_group, and Ruminococcus_2, along with significantly reduced levels of total SCFA compared to non-separated animals. Compared to untreated MS animals, animals fed fish oil had significantly higher Bacteroidetes and Prevotellaceae and reduced levels of butyrate, while fluoxetine treatment resulted in significantly higher levels of Neochlamydia, Lachnoclostridium, Acetitomaculum and Stenotrophomonas and, acetate and propionate.Conclusion: Despite the limitations in extrapolating from animal behavioural data and the notable differences in pharmacokinetics between rodents and humans, the results of this study provide a further advancement into the understanding of some of the complex systems within which nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals effect the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Egerton
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Francisco Donoso
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Snehal Gite
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Biomarine Ingredients Ireland Ltd., Monaghan, Ireland
| | - Fiona Fouhy
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Jason Whooley
- Biomarine Ingredients Ireland Ltd., Monaghan, Ireland
| | - Ted G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarah C Culloty
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
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Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, besides genome-wide association studies, a variety of other genetic analyses (e.g. polygenic risk scores, whole-exome sequencing and whole-genome sequencing) have been conducted, and a large amount of data has been gathered for investigating the involvement of common, rare and very rare types of DNA sequence variants in bipolar disorder. Also, non-invasive neuroimaging methods can be used to quantify changes in brain structure and function in patients with bipolar disorder. AIMS To provide a comprehensive assessment of genetic findings associated with bipolar disorder, based on the evaluation of different genomic approaches and neuroimaging studies. METHOD We conducted a PubMed search of all relevant literatures from the beginning to the present, by querying related search strings. RESULTS ANK3, CACNA1C, SYNE1, ODZ4 and TRANK1 are five genes that have been replicated as key gene candidates in bipolar disorder pathophysiology, through the investigated studies. The percentage of phenotypic variance explained by the identified variants is small (approximately 4.7%). Bipolar disorder polygenic risk scores are associated with other psychiatric phenotypes. The ENIGMA-BD studies show a replicable pattern of lower cortical thickness, altered white matter integrity and smaller subcortical volumes in bipolar disorder. CONCLUSIONS The low amount of explained phenotypic variance highlights the need for further large-scale investigations, especially among non-European populations, to achieve a more complete understanding of the genetic architecture of bipolar disorder and the missing heritability. Combining neuroimaging data with genetic data in large-scale studies might help researchers acquire a better knowledge of the engaged brain regions in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Oraki Kohshour
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital LMU Munich, Germany; and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Sergi Papiol
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital LMU Munich, Germany; and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Thomas G Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital LMU Munich, Germany; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, USA
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25
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Lee SM, Yeh PWL, Yeh HH. L-Type Calcium Channels Contribute to Ethanol-Induced Aberrant Tangential Migration of Primordial Cortical GABAergic Interneurons in the Embryonic Medial Prefrontal Cortex. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0359-21.2021. [PMID: 34930830 PMCID: PMC8805770 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0359-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of the fetus to alcohol (ethanol) via maternal consumption during pregnancy can result in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), hallmarked by long-term physical, behavioral, and intellectual abnormalities. In our preclinical mouse model of FASD, prenatal ethanol exposure disrupts tangential migration of corticopetal GABAergic interneurons (GINs) in the embryonic medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). We postulated that ethanol perturbed the normal pattern of tangential migration via enhancing GABAA receptor-mediated membrane depolarization that prevails during embryonic development in GABAergic cortical interneurons. However, beyond this, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms is incomplete. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the ethanol-enhanced depolarization triggers downstream an increase in high-voltage-activated nifedipine-sensitive L-type calcium channel (LTCC) activity and provide evidence implicating calcium dynamics in the signaling scheme underlying the migration of embryonic GINs and its aberrance. Tangentially migrating Nkx2.1+ GINs expressed immunoreactivity to Cav1.2, the canonical neuronal isoform of the L-type calcium channel. Prenatal ethanol exposure did not alter its protein expression profile in the embryonic mPFC. However, exposing ethanol concomitantly with the LTCC blocker nifedipine prevented the ethanol-induced aberrant migration both in vitro and in vivo In addition, whole-cell patch clamp recording of LTCCs in GINs migrating in embryonic mPFC slices revealed that acutely applied ethanol potentiated LTCC activity in migrating GINs. Based on evidence reported in the present study, we conclude that calcium is an important intracellular intermediary downstream of GABAA receptor-mediated depolarization in the mechanistic scheme of an ethanol-induced aberrant tangential migration of embryonic GABAergic cortical interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Lee
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Pamela W L Yeh
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Hermes H Yeh
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
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26
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Mutations in DISC1 alter IP 3R and voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel functioning, implications for major mental illness. Neuronal Signal 2021; 5:NS20180122. [PMID: 34956649 PMCID: PMC8663806 DOI: 10.1042/ns20180122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) participates in a wide variety of
developmental processes of central neurons. It also serves critical roles that
underlie cognitive functioning in adult central neurons. Here we summarize
DISC1’s general properties and discuss its use as a model system for
understanding major mental illnesses (MMIs). We then discuss the cellular
actions of DISC1 that involve or regulate Ca2+ signaling in adult
central neurons. In particular, we focus on the tethering role DISC1 plays in
transporting RNA particles containing Ca2+ channel subunit RNAs,
including IP3R1, CACNA1C and CACNA2D1, and in transporting mitochondria into
dendritic and axonal processes. We also review DISC1’s role in modulating
IP3R1 activity within mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM).
Finally, we discuss DISC1-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)
signaling that regulates functional expression of voltage-gated Ca2+
channels (VGCCs) at central synapses. In each case, DISC1 regulates the movement
of molecules that impact Ca2+ signaling in neurons.
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27
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Nakagawa-Tamagawa N, Kirino E, Sugao K, Nagata H, Tagawa Y. Involvement of Calcium-Dependent Pathway and β Subunit-Interaction in Neuronal Migration and Callosal Projection Deficits Caused by the Cav1.2 I1166T Mutation in Developing Mouse Neocortex. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:747951. [PMID: 34955712 PMCID: PMC8692569 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.747951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Gain-of-function mutations in the L-type Ca2+ channel Cav1.2 cause Timothy syndrome (TS), a multisystem disorder associated with neurologic symptoms, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), seizures, and intellectual disability. Cav1.2 plays key roles in neural development, and its mutation can affect brain development and connectivity through Ca2+-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Recently, a gain-of-function mutation, I1166T, in Cav1.2 was identified in patients with TS-like disorder. Its channel properties have been analyzed in vitro but in vivo effects of this mutation on brain development remain unexplored. Methods:In utero electroporation was performed on ICR mice at embryonic day 15 to express GFP, wild-type, and mutant Cav1.2 channels into cortical layer 2/3 excitatory neurons in the primary somatosensory area. The brain was fixed at postnatal days 14–16, sliced, and scanned using confocal microscopy. Neuronal migration of electroporated neurons was examined in the cortex of the electroporated hemisphere, and callosal projection was examined in the white matter and contralateral hemisphere. Results: Expression of the I1166T mutant in layer 2/3 neurons caused migration deficits in approximately 20% of electroporated neurons and almost completely diminished axonal arborization in the contralateral hemisphere. Axonal projection in the white matter was not affected. We introduced second mutations onto Cav1.2 I1166T; L745P mutation blocks Ca2+ influx through Cav1.2 channels and inhibits the Ca2+-dependent pathway, and the W440A mutation blocks the interaction of the Cav1.2 α1 subunit to the β subunit. Both second mutations recovered migration and projection. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the Cav1.2 I1166T mutation could affect two critical steps during cerebrocortical development, migration and axonal projection, in the mouse brain. This is mediated through Ca2+-dependent pathway downstream of Cav1.2 and β subunit-interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Nakagawa-Tamagawa
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Function, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Emi Kirino
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kohtaroh Sugao
- Platform Technology Research Unit, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Nagata
- Platform Technology Research Unit, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tagawa
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Pilot M, Moura AE, Okhlopkov IM, Mamaev NV, Manaseryan NH, Hayrapetyan V, Kopaliani N, Tsingarska E, Alagaili AN, Mohammed OB, Ostrander EA, Bogdanowicz W. Human-modified canids in human-modified landscapes: The evolutionary consequences of hybridization for grey wolves and free-ranging domestic dogs. Evol Appl 2021; 14:2433-2456. [PMID: 34745336 PMCID: PMC8549620 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introgressive hybridization between domestic animals and their wild relatives is an indirect form of human-induced evolution, altering gene pools and phenotypic traits of wild and domestic populations. Although this process is well documented in many taxa, its evolutionary consequences are poorly understood. In this study, we assess introgression patterns in admixed populations of Eurasian wolves and free-ranging domestic dogs (FRDs), identifying chromosomal regions with significantly overrepresented hybrid ancestry and assessing whether genes located within these regions show signatures of selection. Although the dog admixture proportion in West Eurasian wolves (2.7%) was greater than the wolf admixture proportion in FRDs (0.75%), the number and average length of chromosomal blocks showing significant overrepresentation of hybrid ancestry were smaller in wolves than FRDs. In wolves, 6% of genes located within these blocks showed signatures of positive selection compared to 23% in FRDs. We found that introgression from wolves may provide a considerable adaptive advantage to FRDs, counterbalancing some of the negative effects of domestication, which can include reduced genetic diversity and excessive tameness. In wolves, introgression from FRDs is mostly driven by drift, with a small number of positively selected genes associated with brain function and behaviour. The predominance of drift may be the consequence of small effective size of wolf populations, which reduces efficiency of selection for weakly advantageous or against weakly disadvantageous introgressed variants. Small wolf population sizes result largely from human-induced habitat loss and hunting, thus linking introgression rates to anthropogenic processes. Our results imply that maintenance of large population sizes should be an important element of wolf management strategies aimed at reducing introgression rates of dog-derived variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Pilot
- Museum and Institute of ZoologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Andre E. Moura
- Museum and Institute of ZoologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Innokentiy M. Okhlopkov
- Institute of Biological Problems of CryolithozoneSiberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesYakutskRussia
| | - Nikolay V. Mamaev
- Institute of Biological Problems of CryolithozoneSiberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesYakutskRussia
| | - Ninna H. Manaseryan
- Scientific Center of Zoology and HydroecologyNational Academy of SciencesYerevanArmenia
| | | | | | | | - Abdulaziz N. Alagaili
- KSU Mammals Research ChairDepartment of ZoologyKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Osama B. Mohammed
- KSU Mammals Research ChairDepartment of ZoologyKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Elaine A. Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics BranchNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
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Neef J, Palacios DS. Progress in mechanistically novel treatments for schizophrenia. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1459-1475. [PMID: 34671731 PMCID: PMC8459322 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00096a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently available pharmacological treatments for schizophrenia derive their activity mainly by directly modulating the D2 receptor. This mode of action can alleviate the positive symptoms of schizophrenia but do not address the negative or cognitive symptoms of the disease and carry a heavy side effect burden that leads to high levels of patient non-compliance. Novel mechanisms to treat the positive symptoms of schizophrenia with improved tolerability, as well as medicines to treat negative and cognitive symptoms are urgently required. Recent efforts to identify small molecules for schizophrenia with non-D2 mechanisms will be highlighted, with a focus on those that have reached clinical development. Finally, the potential for disease modifying treatments for schizophrenia will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Neef
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Inc 22 Windsor St Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Daniel S Palacios
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Inc 22 Windsor St Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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30
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Ca 2+ channel blockade reduces cocaine's vasoconstriction and neurotoxicity in the prefrontal cortex. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:459. [PMID: 34489397 PMCID: PMC8421405 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01573-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocaine profoundly affects both cerebral blood vessels and neuronal activity in the brain. The vasoconstrictive effects of cocaine, concurrently with its effects on neuronal [Ca2+]i accumulation are likely to jeopardize neuronal tissue that in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) could contribute to impaired self-regulation and compulsive cocaine consumption. Here we used optical imaging to study the cerebrovascular and neuronal effects of acute cocaine (1 mg/kg i.v.) and to examine whether selective blockade of L-type Ca2+ channels by Nifedipine (NIF) (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) would alleviate cocaine's effects on hemodynamics (measured with cerebral blood volume, HbT), oxygenation (measured with oxygenated hemoglobin, HbO2) and neuronal [Ca2+]i, which were concomitantly measured in the PFC of naive rats. Our results show that in the PFC acute cocaine significantly reduced flow delivery (HbT), increased neuronal [Ca2+]i accumulation and profoundly reduced tissue oxygenation (HbO2) and these effects were significantly attenuated by NIF pretreatment. They also show that cocaine-induced vasoconstriction is distinct from its increase of neuronal [Ca2+]i accumulation though both of them contribute to hypoxemia and both effects were attenuated by NIF. These results provide evidence that blockade of voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels might be beneficial in preventing vasoconstriction and neurotoxic effects of cocaine and give support for further clinical investigations to determine their value in reducing cocaine's neurotoxicity in cocaine use disorders.
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Kabelik D, Julien AR, Ramirez D, O'Connell LA. Social boldness correlates with brain gene expression in male green anoles. Horm Behav 2021; 133:105007. [PMID: 34102460 PMCID: PMC8277760 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Within populations, some individuals tend to exhibit a bold or shy social behavior phenotype relative to the mean. The neural underpinnings of these differing phenotypes - also described as syndromes, personalities, and coping styles - is an area of ongoing investigation. Although a social decision-making network has been described across vertebrate taxa, most studies examining activity within this network do so in relation to exhibited differences in behavioral expression. Our study instead focuses on constitutive gene expression in bold and shy individuals by isolating baseline gene expression profiles that influence social boldness predisposition, rather than those reflecting the results of social interaction and behavioral execution. We performed this study on male green anole lizards (Anolis carolinensis), an established model organism for behavioral research, which provides a crucial comparison group to investigations of birds and mammals. After identifying subjects as bold or shy through repeated reproductive and agonistic behavior testing, we used RNA sequencing to compare gene expression profiles between these groups within various forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain regions. The ventromedial hypothalamus had the largest group differences in gene expression, with bold males having increased expression of neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter receptor and calcium channel genes compared to shy males. Conversely, shy males express more integrin alpha-10 in the majority of examined regions. There were no significant group differences in physiology or hormone levels. Our results highlight the ventromedial hypothalamus as an important center of behavioral differences across individuals and provide novel candidates for investigations into the regulation of individual variation in social behavior phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kabelik
- Department of Biology & Program in Neuroscience, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA.
| | - Allison R Julien
- Department of Biology & Program in Neuroscience, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Dave Ramirez
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Sridharan PS, Lu Y, Rice RC, Pieper AA, Rajadhyaksha AM. Loss of Cav1.2 channels impairs hippocampal theta burst stimulation-induced long-term potentiation. Channels (Austin) 2021; 14:287-293. [PMID: 32799605 PMCID: PMC7515572 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2020.1807851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CACNA1 C, which codes for the Cav1.2 isoform of L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs), is a prominent risk gene in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions. A role forLTCCs, and Cav1.2 in particular, in transcription-dependent late long-term potentiation (LTP) has long been known. Here, we report that elimination of Cav1.2 channels in glutamatergic neurons also impairs theta burst stimulation (TBS)-induced LTP in the hippocampus, known to be transcription-independent and dependent on N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and local protein synthesis at synapses. Our expansion of the established role of Cav1.2channels in LTP broadens understanding of synaptic plasticity and identifies a new cellular phenotype for exploring treatment strategies for cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethy S Sridharan
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center , Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Richard C Rice
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA.,Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew A Pieper
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center , Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City, IA, USA.,Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA.,Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center , Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anjali M Rajadhyaksha
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA.,Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA.,Feil Family Brain and Mind and Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA
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33
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Dopamine D1R-neuron cacna1c deficiency: a new model of extinction therapy-resistant post-traumatic stress. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:2286-2298. [PMID: 32332995 PMCID: PMC8214244 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0730-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by persistent fear memory of remote traumatic events, mental re-experiencing of the trauma, long-term cognitive deficits, and PTSD-associated hippocampal dysfunction. Extinction-based therapeutic approaches acutely reduce fear. However, many patients eventually relapse to the original conditioned fear response. Thus, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of this condition is critical to developing new treatments for patients. Mutations in the neuropsychiatric risk gene CACNA1C, which encodes the Cav1.2 isoform of the L-type calcium channel, have been implicated in both PTSD and highly comorbid neuropsychiatric conditions, such as anxiety and depression. Here, we report that male mice with global heterozygous loss of cacna1c exhibit exacerbated contextual fear that persists at remote time points (up to 180 days after shock), despite successful acute extinction training, reminiscent of PTSD patients. Because dopamine has been implicated in contextual fear memory, and Cav1.2 is a downstream target of dopamine D1-receptor (D1R) signaling, we next generated mice with specific deletion of cacna1c from D1R-expressing neurons (D1-cacna1cKO mice). Notably, D1-cacna1cKO mice also show the same exaggerated remote contextual fear, as well as persistently elevated anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory at remote time points, reminiscent of chronic anxiety in treatment-resistant PTSD. We also show that D1-cacna1cKO mice exhibit elevated death of young hippocampal neurons, and that treatment with the neuroprotective agent P7C3-A20 eradicates persistent remote fear. Augmenting survival of young hippocampal neurons may thus provide an effective therapeutic approach for promoting durable remission of PTSD, particularly in patients with CACNA1C mutations or other genetic aberrations that impair calcium signaling or disrupt the survival of young hippocampal neurons.
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Oyigeya M. Reflex memory theory of acquired involuntary motor and sensory disorders. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-021-00307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Explicit and implicit memories are conserved but flexible biological tools that nature uses to regulate the daily behaviors of human beings. An aberrant form of the implicit memory is presumed to exist and may be contributory to the pathophysiology of disorders such as tardive syndromes, phantom phenomena, flashback, posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD), and related disorders. These disorders have posed significant clinical problems for both patients and physicians for centuries. All extant pathophysiological theories of these disorders have failed to provide basis for effective treatment.
Objective
The objective of this article is to propose an alternative pathophysiological theory that will hopefully lead to new treatment approaches.
Methods
The author sourced over 60 journal articles that treated topics on memory, and involuntary motor and sensory disorders, from open access journals using Google Scholar, and reviewed them and this helped in the formulation of this theory.
Results
From the reviews, the author thinks physical or chemical insult to the nervous system can cause defective circuit remodeling, leading to generation of a variant of implicit (automatic) memory, herein called “reflex memory” and this is encoded interoceptively to contribute to these phenomena states.
Conclusion
Acquired involuntary motor and sensory disorders are caused by defective circuit remodeling involving multiple neural mechanisms. Dysregulation of excitatory neurotransmitters, calcium overload, homeostatic failure, and neurotoxicity are implicated in the process. Sustained effects of these defective mechanisms are encoded interoceptively as abnormal memory in the neurons and the conscious manifestations are these disorders. Extant theories failed to recognize this possibility.
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35
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Janiri D, Kotzalidis GD, di Luzio M, Giuseppin G, Simonetti A, Janiri L, Sani G. Genetic neuroimaging of bipolar disorder: a systematic 2017-2020 update. Psychiatr Genet 2021; 31:50-64. [PMID: 33492063 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence of genetic polymorphism influences on brain structure and function, genetic risk in bipolar disorder (BD), and neuroimaging correlates of BD. How genetic influences related to BD could be reflected on brain changes in BD has been efficiently reviewed in a 2017 systematic review. We aimed to confirm and extend these findings through a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses-based systematic review. Our study allowed us to conclude that there is no replicated finding in the timeframe considered. We were also unable to further confirm prior results of the BDNF gene polymorphisms to affect brain structure and function in BD. The most consistent finding is an influence of the CACNA1C rs1006737 polymorphism in brain connectivity and grey matter structure and function. There was a tendency of undersized studies to obtain positive results and large, genome-wide polygenic risk studies to find negative results in BD. The neuroimaging genetics in BD field is rapidly expanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfina Janiri
- Department of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Georgios D Kotzalidis
- NESMOS Department, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University
| | - Michelangelo di Luzio
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Giuseppin
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Simonetti
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sapienza University of Rome
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Luigi Janiri
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Noterman MF, Chaubey K, Lin-Rahardja K, Rajadhyaksha AM, Pieper AA, Taylor EB. Dual-process brain mitochondria isolation preserves function and clarifies protein composition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2019046118. [PMID: 33836587 PMCID: PMC7980376 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019046118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain requires continuously high energy production to maintain ion gradients and normal function. Mitochondria critically undergird brain energetics, and mitochondrial abnormalities feature prominently in neuropsychiatric disease. However, many unique aspects of brain mitochondria composition and function are poorly understood. Developing improved neuroprotective therapeutics thus requires more comprehensively understanding brain mitochondria, including accurately delineating protein composition and channel-transporter functional networks. However, obtaining pure mitochondria from the brain is especially challenging due to its distinctive lipid and cell structure properties. As a result, conflicting reports on protein localization to brain mitochondria abound. Here we illustrate this problem with the neuropsychiatric disease-associated L-type calcium channel Cav1.2α1 subunit previously observed in crude mitochondria. We applied a dual-process approach to obtain functionally intact versus compositionally pure brain mitochondria. One branch utilizes discontinuous density gradient centrifugation to isolate semipure mitochondria suitable for functional assays but unsuitable for protein localization because of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contamination. The other branch utilizes self-forming density gradient ultracentrifugation to remove ER and yield ultrapure mitochondria that are suitable for investigating protein localization but functionally compromised. Through this process, we evaluated brain mitochondria protein content and observed the absence of Cav1.2α1 and other previously reported mitochondrial proteins, including the NMDA receptor, ryanodine receptor 1, monocarboxylate transporter 1, excitatory amino acid transporter 1, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Conversely, we confirmed mitochondrial localization of several plasma membrane proteins previously reported to also localize to mitochondria. We expect this dual-process isolation procedure will enhance understanding of brain mitochondria in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Noterman
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Kalyani Chaubey
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Kristi Lin-Rahardja
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Anjali M Rajadhyaksha
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
- Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Andrew A Pieper
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106;
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Eric B Taylor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242;
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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37
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Striessnig J. Voltage-Gated Ca 2+-Channel α1-Subunit de novo Missense Mutations: Gain or Loss of Function - Implications for Potential Therapies. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:634760. [PMID: 33746731 PMCID: PMC7966529 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.634760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes our current knowledge of human disease-relevant genetic variants within the family of voltage gated Ca2+ channels. Ca2+ channelopathies cover a wide spectrum of diseases including epilepsies, autism spectrum disorders, intellectual disabilities, developmental delay, cerebellar ataxias and degeneration, severe cardiac arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, eye disease and endocrine disorders such as congential hyperinsulinism and hyperaldosteronism. A special focus will be on the rapidly increasing number of de novo missense mutations identified in the pore-forming α1-subunits with next generation sequencing studies of well-defined patient cohorts. In contrast to likely gene disrupting mutations these can not only cause a channel loss-of-function but can also induce typical functional changes permitting enhanced channel activity and Ca2+ signaling. Such gain-of-function mutations could represent therapeutic targets for mutation-specific therapy of Ca2+-channelopathies with existing or novel Ca2+-channel inhibitors. Moreover, many pathogenic mutations affect positive charges in the voltage sensors with the potential to form gating-pore currents through voltage sensors. If confirmed in functional studies, specific blockers of gating-pore currents could also be of therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Striessnig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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38
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Nakao A, Matsunaga Y, Hayashida K, Takahashi N. Role of Oxidative Stress and Ca 2+ Signaling in Psychiatric Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:615569. [PMID: 33644051 PMCID: PMC7905097 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.615569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are caused by complex and diverse factors, and numerous mechanisms have been proposed for the pathogenesis of these disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress is one of the general factors involved in the pathogenesis/pathophysiology of major psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, and schizophrenia. Indeed, some clinical trials have shown improvement of the symptoms of these disorders by antioxidant supplementation. However, the molecular basis for the relationship between oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders remains largely unknown. In general, Ca2+ channels play central roles in neuronal functions, including neuronal excitability, neurotransmitter release, synaptic plasticity, and gene regulation, and genes that encode Ca2+ channels have been found to be associated with psychiatric disorders. Notably, a class of Ca2+-permeable transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels is activated by changes in cellular redox status, whereby these TRP channels can link oxidative stress to Ca2+ signals. Given the unique characteristic of redox-sensitive TRP channels, these channels could be a target for delineating the pathogenesis or pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. In this review, we summarize the outcomes of clinical trials for antioxidant treatment in patients with psychiatric disorders and the current insights into the physiological/pathological significance of redox-sensitive TRP channels in the light of neural functions, including behavioral phenotypes, and discuss the potential role of TRP channels in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. Investigation of redox-sensitive TRP channels may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Nakao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsumi Hayashida
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Takahashi
- The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Banono NS, Gawel K, De Witte L, Esguerra CV. Zebrafish Larvae Carrying a Splice Variant Mutation in cacna1d: A New Model for Schizophrenia-Like Behaviours? Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:877-894. [PMID: 33057948 PMCID: PMC7843589 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Persons with certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CACNA1D gene (encoding voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha 1-D) have increased risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders such as bipolar, schizophrenia and autism. The molecular consequences of SNPs on gene expression and protein function are not well understood. Thus, the use of animal models to determine genotype-phenotype correlations is critical to understanding disease pathogenesis. Here, we describe the behavioural changes in larval zebrafish carrying an essential splice site mutation (sa17298) in cacna1da. Heterozygous mutation resulted in 50% reduction of splice variants 201 and 202 (haploinsufficiency), while homozygosity increased transcript levels of variant 201 above wild type (WT; gain-of-function, GOF). Due to low homozygote viability, we focused primarily on performing the phenotypic analysis on heterozygotes. Indeed, cacna1dasa17298/WT larvae displayed hyperlocomotion-a behaviour characterised in zebrafish as a surrogate phenotype for epilepsy, anxiety or psychosis-like behaviour. Follow-up tests ruled out anxiety or seizures, however, as neither thigmotaxis defects nor epileptiform-like discharges in larval brains were observed. We therefore focused on testing for potential "psychosis-like" behaviour by assaying cacna1dasa17298/WT larval locomotor activity under constant light, during light-dark transition and in startle response to dark flashes. Furthermore, exposure of larvae to the antipsychotics, risperidone and haloperidol reversed cacna1da-induced hyperactivity to WT levels while valproate decreased but did not reverse hyperactivity. Together, these findings demonstrate that cacna1da haploinsufficiency induces behaviours in larval zebrafish analogous to those observed in rodent models of psychosis. Future studies on homozygous mutants will determine how cacna1d GOF alters behaviour in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Saana Banono
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 21, Forskningsparken, 0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kinga Gawel
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 21, Forskningsparken, 0349, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego Str. 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Linus De Witte
- Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, AP Hogeschool Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Camila V Esguerra
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 21, Forskningsparken, 0349, Oslo, Norway.
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Sem Sælandsvei 24, 0371, Oslo, Norway.
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40
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Haggarty SJ, Karmacharya R, Perlis RH. Advances toward precision medicine for bipolar disorder: mechanisms & molecules. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:168-185. [PMID: 32636474 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0831-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Given its chronicity, contribution to disability and morbidity, and prevalence of more than 2%, the effective treatment, and prevention of bipolar disorder represents an area of significant unmet medical need. While more than half a century has passed since the introduction of lithium into widespread use at the birth of modern psychopharmacology, that medication remains a mainstay for the acute treatment and prevention of recurrent mania/hypomania and depression that characterize bipolar disorder. However, the continued limited understanding of how lithium modulates affective behavior and lack of validated cellular and animal models have resulted in obstacles to discovering more effective mood stabilizers with fewer adverse side effects. In particular, while there has been progress in developing new pharmacotherapy for mania, developing effective treatments for acute bipolar depression remain inadequate. Recent large-scale human genetic studies have confirmed the complex, polygenic nature of the risk architecture of bipolar disorder, and its overlap with other major neuropsychiatric disorders. Such discoveries have begun to shed light on the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. Coupled with broader advances in human neurobiology, neuropharmacology, noninvasive neuromodulation, and clinical trial design, we can envision novel therapeutic strategies informed by defined molecular mechanisms and neural circuits and targeted to the root cause of the pathophysiology. Here, we review recent advances toward the goal of better treatments for bipolar disorder, and we outline major challenges for the field of translational neuroscience that necessitate continued focus on fundamental research and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Haggarty
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Departments of Psychiatry & Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Rakesh Karmacharya
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School Boston, Boston, MA, USA.,Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Roy H Perlis
- Center for Quantitative Health, Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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41
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Zhang C, Xiao X, Li T, Li M. Translational genomics and beyond in bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:186-202. [PMID: 32424235 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed multiple genomic loci conferring risk of bipolar disorder (BD), providing hints for its underlying pathobiology. However, there are still remaining questions to answer. For example, discordance exists between BD heritability estimated with earlier epidemiological evidence and that calculated based on common GWAS variations. Where is the "missing heritability"? How can we explain the biology of the disease based on genetic findings? In this review, we summarize the accomplishments and limitations of current BD GWAS, and discuss potential reasons for the "missing heritability." In addition, progresses of research for the biological mechanisms underlying BD genetic risk using brain tissues, reprogrammed cells, and model animals are reviewed. While our knowledge of BD genetic basis is significantly promoted by these efforts, the complexities of gene regulation in the genome, the spatial-temporal heterogeneity during brain development, and the limitations of different experimental models should always be considered. Notably, several genes have been widely studied given their relatively well-characterized involvement in BD (e.g., CACAN1C and ANK3), and findings of these genes are summarized to both outline possible biological mechanisms of BD and describe examples of translating GWAS discoveries into the pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. .,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Guo X, Fu Y, Zhang Y, Wang T, Lu L, Luo X, Wang K, Huang J, Xie T, Zheng C, Yang K, Tong J, Zuo L, Kang L, Tan Y, Jiang K, Li CSR, Luo X. Replicated risk CACNA1C variants for major psychiatric disorders may serve as potential therapeutic targets for the shared depressive endophenotype. JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE & COGNITIVE STUDIES 2020; 4:1017. [PMID: 34046650 PMCID: PMC8153461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have reported numerous associations between risk variants and major psychiatric disorders (MPDs) including schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BPD), major depressive disorder (MDD) and others. We reviewed all of the published GWASs, and extracted the genome-wide significant (p<10-6) and replicated associations between risk SNPs and MPDs. We found the associations of 6 variants located in 6 genes, including L type voltage-gated calcium channel (LTCCs) subunit alpha1 C gene (CACNA1C), that were genome-wide significant (2.0×10 -8 ≤p≤1.0×10 -6 ) and replicated at single-point level across at least two GWASs. Among them, the associations between MPDs and rs1006737 within CACNA1C are most robust. Thus, as a next step, the expression of the replicated risk genes in human hippocampus was analyzed. We found CACNA1C had significant mRNA expression in human hippocampus in two independent cohorts. Finally, we tried to elucidate the roles of venlafaxine and ω-3 PUFAs in the mRNA expression regulation of the replicated risk genes in hippocampus. We used cDNA chip-based microarray profiling to explore the transcriptome-wide mRNA expression regulation by ω-3 PUFAs (0.72/kg/d) and venlafaxine (0.25/kg/d) treatment in chronic mild stress (CMS) rats. ω-3 PUFAs and venlafaxine treatment elicited significant CACNA1C up-regulation. We concluded that CACNA1C might confer the genetic vulnerability to the shared depressive symptoms across MPDs and CACNA1C might be the therapeutic target for depressive endophenotype as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Guo
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Cellular &Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yingmei Fu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Cellular &Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Lu Lu
- Departments of Genetics, Genomics, Informatics, Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Xingqun Luo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China
| | - Kesheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Juncao Huang
- Biological Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Biological Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing 100096, China
| | | | - Kebing Yang
- Biological Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Jinghui Tong
- Biological Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Lingjun Zuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Longli Kang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xizang Minzu University School of Medicine, Xiangyang, Shaanxi 712082, China
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Biological Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Kaida Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chiang-shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Biological Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing 100096, China
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Wang Z, Mao K, Du W, Cai M, Zhang Z, Li X. Diluted concentrations of methamphetamine in surface water induce behavior disorder, transgenerational toxicity, and ecosystem-level consequences of fish. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 184:116164. [PMID: 32688152 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) has been recognized as an emerging organic contaminant as it was widely detected in the aquatic environment via wastewater effluent discharge. However, the ecological hazard posed by METH at environmentally relevant concentrations was remained unclear. In this study, adult medaka fish were exposed to METH at environmental levels (0.05, 0.2, 0.5, 5 μg L-1) and high level (25 and 100 μg L-1) for 90 days to investigate its effect on ecologically behavioral functions, histopathology, bioconcentration, and transgenerational toxicity. The significant increase of locomotion activity, total distance, and max velocity of adult medaka were observed at low METH levels (0.2-0.5 μg L-1), while it markedly decreased at high levels (25-100 μg L-1). This effect may increase the predation risk of the fish. The significant alteration on the relative expressions of the genes (cacna1c, oxtr, erk1, and c-fos), as well as the contents of the proteins (oxytocin (OXT) and protein kinase A (PKA)) involved in Voltage Dependent Calcium Channel (VDCC) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling channel induced by METH could partly elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the changes of the behavioral traits. METH could induce obvious minimal gliosis, neuronal loss, and necrotic in brain tissues. Additionally, the significant increase of hepatic-somatic index (HSI) of male medaka at 0.2-5 μg L-1 groups, and the decrease of female medaka at 100 μg L-1 group indicated male fish was more susceptible to METH. Nephric-somatic index (NSI) of medaka markedly declined induced by METH at 0.05-100 μg L-1. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) (0.4-5.8) in medaka fish revealed the bioconcentration potential of METH in fish. This study for the first time demonstrated METH could induced the development defects of larvae in F1 generation at environmentally relevant concentrations, thereby resulting in a significant decrease in the capacity of fish to produce offspring. Meanwhile, the RQ values (>1) of METH in river in China, USA, and Australia showed a high teratogenic risk level, suggesting the ecosystem-levels consequence posed by METH should be concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, PR China; College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, PR China; Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Kang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Wei Du
- School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Min Cai
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, PR China
| | - Zhaobin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Xiqing Li
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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Cocaine- and stress-primed reinstatement of drug-associated memories elicit differential behavioral and frontostriatal circuit activity patterns via recruitment of L-type Ca 2+ channels. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2373-2391. [PMID: 31501511 PMCID: PMC7927165 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0513-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine-associated memories are critical drivers of relapse in cocaine-dependent individuals that can be evoked by exposure to cocaine or stress. Whether these environmental stimuli recruit similar molecular and circuit-level mechanisms to promote relapse remains largely unknown. Here, using cocaine- and stress-primed reinstatement of cocaine conditioned place preference to model drug-associated memories, we find that cocaine drives reinstatement by increasing the duration that mice spend in the previously cocaine-paired context whereas stress increases the number of entries into this context. Importantly, both forms of reinstatement require Cav1.2 L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) in cells of the prelimbic cortex that project to the nucleus accumbens core (PrL→NAcC). Utilizing fiber photometry to measure circuit activity in vivo in conjunction with the LTCC blocker, isradipine, we find that LTCCs drive differential recruitment of the PrL→ NAcC pathway during cocaine- and stress-primed reinstatement. While cocaine selectively activates PrL→NAcC cells prior to entry into the cocaine-paired chamber, a measure that is predictive of duration in that chamber, stress increases persistent activity of this projection, which correlates with entries into the cocaine-paired chamber. Using projection-specific chemogenetic manipulations, we show that PrL→NAcC activity is required for both cocaine- and stress-primed reinstatement, and that activation of this projection in Cav1.2-deficient mice restores reinstatement. These data indicate that LTCCs are a common mediator of cocaine- and stress-primed reinstatement. However, they engage different patterns of behavior and PrL→NAcC projection activity depending on the environmental stimuli. These findings establish a framework to further study how different environmental experiences can drive relapse, and supports further exploration of isradipine, an FDA-approved LTCC blocker, as a potential therapeutic for the prevention of relapse in cocaine-dependent individuals.
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45
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Chen X, Zhang C, Guo Y, Liu X, Ye T, Fo Y, Qu C, Liang J, Shi S, Yang B. Chronic stimulation of the sigma-1 receptor ameliorates ventricular ionic and structural remodeling in a rodent model of depression. Life Sci 2020; 257:118047. [PMID: 32629001 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of the study was to investigate what effects the sigma-1 receptor (S1R) could exert on the cardiac myocyte ion channels in a rodent model of depression and to explore the underlying mechanisms since depression is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases including ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). MATERIALS AND METHODS To establish the depression model in rats, chronic mild unpredictable stress (CMUS) for 28 days was used. The S1R agonist fluvoxamine was injected intraperitoneally from the second week to the last week for 21 days in total, and the effects were evaluated by patch clamp, western blot analysis, and Masson staining. KEY FINDINGS We demonstrated that depression was improved after treatment with fluvoxamine. In addition, the prolongation of the corrected QT (QTc) interval under CMUS that increased vulnerability to VAs was significantly attenuated by stimulation of S1R due to the decreased amplitude of L-type calcium current (ICa-L) and the restoration of reduced transient outward potassium current (Ito) resulting from CMUS induction. The S1R also decelerated Ito inactivation and accelerated Ito recovery by activating Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II. Moreover, the stimulation of S1R ameliorated the structural remodeling as the substrate for maintenance of VAs. All these effects were abolished by the administration of S1R antagonist BD1047, which verified the roles for S1R. SIGNIFICANCE Activation of S1R could decrease the vulnerability to VAs by inhibiting ICa-L and restoring Ito, in addition to ameliorating the CMUS-induced depressive symptoms and structural remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Tianxin Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Yuhong Fo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Chuan Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Jinjun Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Shaobo Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China.
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China.
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46
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Contribution of D1R-expressing neurons of the dorsal dentate gyrus and Ca v1.2 channels in extinction of cocaine conditioned place preference. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1506-1517. [PMID: 31905369 PMCID: PMC7360569 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0597-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine-associated contextual cues can trigger relapse behavior by recruiting the hippocampus. Extinction of cocaine-associated contextual memories can reduce cocaine-seeking behavior, however the molecular mechanisms within the hippocampus that underlie contextual extinction behavior and subsequent reinstatement remain poorly understood. Here, we extend our previous findings for a role of Cav1.2 L-type Ca2+ channels in dopamine 1 receptor (D1R)-expressing cells in extinction of cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP) in adult male mice. We report that attenuated cocaine CPP extinction in mice lacking Cav1.2 channels in D1R-expressing cells (D1cre, Cav1.2fl/fl) can be rescued through chemogenetic activation of D1R-expressing cells within the dorsal dentate gyrus (dDG), but not the dorsal CA1 (dCA1). This is supported by the finding that Cav1.2 channels are required in excitatory cells of the dDG, but not in the dCA1, for cocaine CPP extinction. Examination of the role of S1928 phosphorylation of Cav1.2, a protein kinase A (PKA) site using S1928A Cav1.2 phosphomutant mice revealed no extinction deficit, likely due to homeostatic scaling up of extinction-dependent S845 GluA1 phosphorylation in the dDG. However, phosphomutant mice failed to show cocaine-primed reinstatement which can be reversed by chemogenetic manipulation of excitatory cells in the dDG during extinction training. These findings outline an essential role for the interaction between D1R, Cav1.2, and GluA1 signaling in the dDG for extinction of cocaine-associated contextual memories.
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47
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Ma X, Liu W. Calcium signaling in brain microvascular endothelial cells and its roles in the function of the blood-brain barrier. Neuroreport 2020; 30:1271-1277. [PMID: 31688421 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays critical roles in maintaining the stability of the brain's internal milieu, providing nutrients for the brain, and preventing toxic materials from the blood from entering the brain. The cellular structure of the BBB is mainly composed of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs), which are surrounded by astrocytic endfeet that are connected by tight junction proteins, pericytes and astrocytes. Recently, several studies have shown that aberrant increase in intracellular calcium levels in BMVECs lead to cellular metabolic disturbances and subsequent impairment of BBB integrity. Although multiple stresses can lead to intracellular calcium accumulation, inherent protective mechanisms in affected cells are subsequently activated to maintain calcium homeostasis. However, once the increase in intracellular calcium goes beyond a certain threshold, disturbances in cellular structures, protein expression, and the BBB permeability are inevitable. Here, we review recent research on the different factors regulating intracellular calcium concentrations and the mechanisms related to how calcium signaling cascades protect the BMVECs from outside injury. We also consider the potential of calcium signaling regulators as therapeutic targets for modulating intracellular calcium homeostasis and ameliorating BBB disruption in patients with calcium-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Ma
- Department of Intensive Care, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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48
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Marcantoni A, Calorio C, Hidisoglu E, Chiantia G, Carbone E. Cav1.2 channelopathies causing autism: new hallmarks on Timothy syndrome. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:775-789. [PMID: 32621084 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02430-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cav1.2 L-type calcium channels play key roles in long-term synaptic plasticity, sensory transduction, muscle contraction, and hormone release. De novo mutations in the gene encoding Cav1.2 (CACNA1C) causes two forms of Timothy syndrome (TS1, TS2), characterized by a multisystem disorder inclusive of cardiac arrhythmias, long QT, autism, and adrenal gland dysfunction. In both TS1 and TS2, the missense mutation G406R is on the alternatively spliced exon 8 and 8A coding for the IS6-helix of Cav1.2 and is responsible for the penetrant form of autism in most TS individuals. The mutation causes specific gain-of-function changes to Cav1.2 channel gating: a "leftward shift" of voltage-dependent activation, reduced voltage-dependent inactivation, and a "leftward shift" of steady-state inactivation. How this occurs and how Cav1.2 gating changes alter neuronal firing and synaptic plasticity is still largely unexplained. Trying to better understanding the molecular basis of Cav1.2 gating dysfunctions leading to autism, here, we will present and discuss the properties of recently reported typical and atypical TS phenotypes and the effective gating changes exhibited by missense mutations associated with long QTs without extracardiac symptoms, unrelated to TS. We will also discuss new emerging views achieved from using iPSCs-derived neurons and the newly available autistic TS2-neo mouse model, both appearing promising for understanding neuronal mistuning in autistic TS patients. We will also analyze and describe recent proposals of molecular pathways that might explain mistuned Ca2+-mediated and Ca2+-independent excitation-transcription signals to the nucleus. Briefly, we will also discuss possible pharmacological approaches to treat autism associated with L-type channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marcantoni
- Department of Drug Science, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, N.I.S. Centre, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Calorio
- Department of Drug Science, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, N.I.S. Centre, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Enis Hidisoglu
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Giuseppe Chiantia
- Department of Drug Science, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, N.I.S. Centre, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Emilio Carbone
- Department of Drug Science, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, N.I.S. Centre, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy.
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49
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Dhuriya YK, Sharma D. Neuronal Plasticity: Neuronal Organization is Associated with Neurological Disorders. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1684-1701. [PMID: 32504405 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01555-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli from stressful events, attention in the classroom, and many other experiences affect the functionality of the brain by changing the structure or reorganizing the connections between neurons and their communication. Modification of the synaptic transmission is a vital mechanism for generating neural activity via internal or external stimuli. Neuronal plasticity is an important driving force in neuroscience research, as it is the basic process underlying learning and memory and is involved in many other functions including brain development and homeostasis, sensorial training, and recovery from brain injury. Indeed, neuronal plasticity has been explored in numerous studies, but it is still not clear how neuronal plasticity affects the physiology and morphology of the brain. Thus, unraveling the molecular mechanisms of neuronal plasticity is essential for understanding the operation of brain functions. In this timeline review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying different forms of synaptic plasticity and their association with neurodegenerative/neurological disorders as a consequence of alterations in neuronal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar Dhuriya
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR) Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India
| | - Divakar Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj, Agra, India. .,CRF, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Kusuma School of Biological Sciences (KSBS), Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi (IIT-D), Delhi, 110016, India.
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50
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Lubeiro A, Fatjó-Vilas M, Guardiola M, Almodóvar C, Gomez-Pilar J, Cea-Cañas B, Poza J, Palomino A, Gómez-García M, Zugasti J, Molina V. Analysis of KCNH2 and CACNA1C schizophrenia risk genes on EEG functional network modulation during an auditory odd-ball task. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:433-442. [PMID: 30607529 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-018-0977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A deficit in task-related functional connectivity modulation from electroencephalogram (EEG) has been described in schizophrenia. The use of measures of neuronal connectivity as an intermediate phenotype may allow identifying genetic factors involved in these deficits, and therefore, establishing underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Genes involved in neuronal excitability and previously associated with the risk for schizophrenia may be adequate candidates in relation to functional connectivity alterations in schizophrenia. The objective was to study the association of two genes of voltage-gated ion channels (CACNA1C and KCNH2) with the functional modulation of the cortical networks measured with EEG and graph-theory parameter during a cognitive task, both in individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Both CACNA1C (rs1006737) and KCNH2 (rs3800779) were genotyped in 101 controls and 50 schizophrenia patients. Small-world index (SW) was calculated from EEG recorded during an odd-ball task in two different temporal windows (pre-stimulus and response). Modulation was defined as the difference in SW between both windows. Genetic, group and their interaction effects on SW in the pre-stimulus window and in modulation were evaluated using ANOVA. The CACNA1C genotype was not associated with SW properties. KCNH2 was significantly associated with SW modulation. Healthy subjects showed a positive SW modulation irrespective of the KCNH2 genotype, whereas within patients allele-related differences were observed. Patients carrying the KCNH2 risk allele (A) presented a negative SW modulation and non-carriers showed SW modulation similar to the healthy subjects. Our data suggest that KCNH2 genotype contributes to the efficient modulation of brain electrophysiological activity during a cognitive task in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Lubeiro
- Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Mar Fatjó-Vilas
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Carrer Del Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 38 Sant Boi De Llobregat, 08830, Barcelona, Spain. .,Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health; Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Guardiola
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Carrer Del Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 38 Sant Boi De Llobregat, 08830, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health; Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Almodóvar
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Carrer Del Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 38 Sant Boi De Llobregat, 08830, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Gomez-Pilar
- Biomedical Engineering Group, Department TSCIT, ETS Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Benjamin Cea-Cañas
- Neurophysiology service, University Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesús Poza
- Biomedical Engineering Group, Department TSCIT, ETS Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Pintor Fernando Gallego, 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,IMUVA, Mathematics Research Institute, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Aitor Palomino
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neurosciences, CIBERNED and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez-García
- Psychiatry service, University Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jone Zugasti
- Psychiatry Department, University Hospital of Álava, Álava, Spain
| | - Vicente Molina
- Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain.,CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health; Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain.,Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Pintor Fernando Gallego, 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Psychiatry service, University Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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