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Burrows K, Figueroa-Hall LK, Stewart JL, Alarbi AM, Kuplicki R, Hannafon BN, Tan C, Risbrough VB, McKinney BA, Ramesh R, Victor TA, Aupperle R, Savitz J, Teague TK, Khalsa SS, Paulus MP. Exploring the role of neuronal-enriched extracellular vesicle miR-93 and interoception in major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:199. [PMID: 38678012 PMCID: PMC11055873 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02907-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with interoceptive processing dysfunctions, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this dysfunction are poorly understood. This study combined brain neuronal-enriched extracellular vesicle (NEEV) technology and serum markers of inflammation and metabolism with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to identify the contribution of gene regulatory pathways, in particular micro-RNA (miR) 93, to interoceptive dysfunction in MDD. Individuals with MDD (n = 41) and healthy comparisons (HC; n = 35) provided blood samples and completed an interoceptive attention task during fMRI. EVs were separated from plasma using a precipitation method. NEEVs were enriched by magnetic streptavidin bead immunocapture utilizing a neural adhesion marker (L1CAM/CD171) biotinylated antibody. The origin of NEEVs was validated with two other neuronal markers - neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 3 (ATP1A3). NEEV specificities were confirmed by flow cytometry, western blot, particle size analyzer, and transmission electron microscopy. NEEV small RNAs were purified and sequenced. Results showed that: (1) MDD exhibited lower NEEV miR-93 expression than HC; (2) within MDD but not HC, those individuals with the lowest NEEV miR-93 expression had the highest serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor, and leptin; and (3) within HC but not MDD, those participants with the highest miR-93 expression showed the strongest bilateral dorsal mid-insula activation during interoceptive versus exteroceptive attention. Since miR-93 is regulated by stress and affects epigenetic modulation by chromatin re-organization, these results suggest that healthy individuals but not MDD participants show an adaptive epigenetic regulation of insular function during interoceptive processing. Future investigations will need to delineate how specific internal and external environmental conditions contribute to miR-93 expression in MDD and what molecular mechanisms alter brain responsivity to body-relevant signals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leandra K Figueroa-Hall
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Oxley College of Health and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Jennifer L Stewart
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Oxley College of Health and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Ahlam M Alarbi
- Departments of Surgery and Psychiatry, School of Community Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | | | - Bethany N Hannafon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Chibing Tan
- Departments of Surgery and Psychiatry, School of Community Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Victoria B Risbrough
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brett A McKinney
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Robin Aupperle
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Oxley College of Health and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Jonathan Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Oxley College of Health and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - T Kent Teague
- Departments of Surgery and Psychiatry, School of Community Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sahib S Khalsa
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Oxley College of Health and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Oxley College of Health and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
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2
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Poplin T, Ironside M, Kuplicki R, Aupperle RL, Guinjoan SM, Khalsa SS, Stewart JL, Victor TA, Paulus MP, Kirlic N. The unique face of anxious depression: Increased sustained threat circuitry response during fear acquisition. bioRxiv 2023:2023.10.17.562565. [PMID: 37905149 PMCID: PMC10614928 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.17.562565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Sensitivity to threat with dysregulation of fear learning is thought to contribute to the development of psychiatric disorders, including anxiety disorders (AD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, fewer studies have examined fear learning in MDD than in AD. Nearly half of individuals with MDD have an AD and the comorbid diagnosis has worse outcomes. The current study used propensity matching to examine the hypothesis that AD+MDD shows greater neural correlates of fear learning than MDD, suggesting that the co-occurrence of AD+MDD is exemplified by exaggerated defense related processes. Methods 195 individuals with MDD (N = 65) or AD+MDD (N=130) were recruited from the community and completed multi-level assessments, including a Pavlovian fear learning task during functional imaging. Results MDD and AD+MDD showed significantly different patterns of activation for [CSplus-CSminus] in the medial amygdala (ηp2=0.009), anterior insula (ηp2=0.01), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (ηp2=0.002), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ηp2=0.01), mid-cingulate cortex (ηp2=0.01) and posterior cingulate cortex (ηp2=0.02). These differences were driven by greater activation to the CS+ in late conditioning phases in ADD+MDD relative to MDD. Conclusions AD+MDD showed a pattern of increased sustained activation in regions identified with fear learning. Effects were consistently driven by the threat condition, further suggesting fear signaling as the emergent target process. Differences emerged in regions associated with salience processing, attentional orienting/conflict, and self-relevant processing.These findings help to elucidate the fear signaling mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of comorbid anxiety and depression, thereby highlighting promising treatment targets for this prevalent treatment group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tate Poplin
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA
| | - Maria Ironside
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA
- University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Rayus Kuplicki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA
| | - Robin L. Aupperle
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA
- University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Salvador M. Guinjoan
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA
- University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Sahib S. Khalsa
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA
- University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Stewart
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA
- University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Teresa A. Victor
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA
| | - Martin P. Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA
- University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Namik Kirlic
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA
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Park H, Forthman KL, Kuplicki R, Victor TA, Yeh HW, Thompson WK, Howlett JR, Guinjoan S, Paulus MP. Polygenic risk for neuroticism is associated with less efficient control in more difficult situations. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 335:111716. [PMID: 37717543 PMCID: PMC10841151 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Neuroticism is a heritable trait and a risk factor for mental health due to its relevance to poor control of negative events. To examine the relationship between genetic propensity for neuroticism and control processing, we used the polygenic risk score (PRS) approach and a stop signal task during fMRI. We hypothesized that genetic propensity for neuroticism may moderate control processing as a function of control difficulty. PRSs for neuroticism were computed from a transdiagnostic group of individuals (n=406) who completed the stop signal task. The level of control difficulty was a function of the stop signal asynchrony: shorter asynchrony allows easier stopping whereas longer asynchrony makes stopping difficult. The relationship between PRS for neuroticism and neural activity for controlling responses was examined by the stop signal asynchrony. Although PRS for neuroticism did not relate to the overall inhibitory control, individuals with high PRS for neuroticism showed greater activity in left dorsal prefrontal cortex, middle temporal gyrus, and dorsal posterior cingulate cortex for difficult control. Thus, the genetic propensity for neuroticism affects neural processing in a difficult control context, which may help to explain why individuals with high levels of neuroticism exert poor control of negative events in difficult situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heekyeong Park
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas at Dallas, TX 75241, USA; Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA.
| | | | - Rayus Kuplicki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA
| | | | - Hung-Wen Yeh
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | | | - Jonathon R Howlett
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Salvador Guinjoan
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center at Tulsa, OK 74107, USA
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74119, USA
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4
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Burrows K, McNaughton BA, Figueroa-Hall LK, Spechler PA, Kuplicki R, Victor TA, Aupperle R, Khalsa SS, Savitz JB, Teague TK, Paulus MP, Stewart JL. Elevated serum leptin is associated with attenuated reward anticipation in major depressive disorder independent of peripheral C-reactive protein levels. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11313. [PMID: 37443383 PMCID: PMC10344903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38410-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with immunologic and metabolic alterations linked to central processing dysfunctions, including attenuated reward processing. This study investigated the associations between inflammation, metabolic hormones (leptin, insulin, adiponectin), and reward-related brain processing in MDD patients with high (MDD-High) and low (MDD-Low) C-reactive protein (CRP) levels compared to healthy comparison subjects (HC). Participants completed a blood draw and a monetary incentive delay task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Although groups did not differ in insulin or adiponectin concentrations, both MDD-High (Wilcoxon p = 0.004, d = 0.65) and MDD-Low (Wilcoxon p = 0.046, d = 0.53) showed higher leptin concentrations than HC but did not differ from each other. Across MDD participants, higher leptin levels were associated with lower brain activation during reward anticipation in the left insula (r = - 0.30, p = 0.004) and left dorsolateral putamen (r = -- 0.24, p = 0.025). In contrast, within HC, higher leptin concentrations were associated with higher activation during reward anticipation in the same regions (insula: r = 0.40, p = 0.007; putamen: r = 0.37, p = 0.014). Depression may be characterized by elevated pro-inflammatory signaling via leptin concentrations through alternate inflammatory pathways distinct to CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiping Burrows
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA.
| | - Breanna A McNaughton
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
| | - Leandra K Figueroa-Hall
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Philip A Spechler
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
| | - Rayus Kuplicki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
| | - Teresa A Victor
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
| | - Robin Aupperle
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Sahib S Khalsa
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Jonathan B Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - T Kent Teague
- Departments of Surgery and Psychiatry, School of Community Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Jennifer L Stewart
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
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5
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Fu CHY, Erus G, Fan Y, Antoniades M, Arnone D, Arnott SR, Chen T, Choi KS, Fatt CC, Frey BN, Frokjaer VG, Ganz M, Garcia J, Godlewska BR, Hassel S, Ho K, McIntosh AM, Qin K, Rotzinger S, Sacchet MD, Savitz J, Shou H, Singh A, Stolicyn A, Strigo I, Strother SC, Tosun D, Victor TA, Wei D, Wise T, Woodham RD, Zahn R, Anderson IM, Deakin JFW, Dunlop BW, Elliott R, Gong Q, Gotlib IH, Harmer CJ, Kennedy SH, Knudsen GM, Mayberg HS, Paulus MP, Qiu J, Trivedi MH, Whalley HC, Yan CG, Young AH, Davatzikos C. AI-based dimensional neuroimaging system for characterizing heterogeneity in brain structure and function in major depressive disorder: COORDINATE-MDD consortium design and rationale. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:59. [PMID: 36690972 PMCID: PMC9869598 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efforts to develop neuroimaging-based biomarkers in major depressive disorder (MDD), at the individual level, have been limited to date. As diagnostic criteria are currently symptom-based, MDD is conceptualized as a disorder rather than a disease with a known etiology; further, neural measures are often confounded by medication status and heterogeneous symptom states. METHODS We describe a consortium to quantify neuroanatomical and neurofunctional heterogeneity via the dimensions of novel multivariate coordinate system (COORDINATE-MDD). Utilizing imaging harmonization and machine learning methods in a large cohort of medication-free, deeply phenotyped MDD participants, patterns of brain alteration are defined in replicable and neurobiologically-based dimensions and offer the potential to predict treatment response at the individual level. International datasets are being shared from multi-ethnic community populations, first episode and recurrent MDD, which are medication-free, in a current depressive episode with prospective longitudinal treatment outcomes and in remission. Neuroimaging data consist of de-identified, individual, structural MRI and resting-state functional MRI with additional positron emission tomography (PET) data at specific sites. State-of-the-art analytic methods include automated image processing for extraction of anatomical and functional imaging variables, statistical harmonization of imaging variables to account for site and scanner variations, and semi-supervised machine learning methods that identify dominant patterns associated with MDD from neural structure and function in healthy participants. RESULTS We are applying an iterative process by defining the neural dimensions that characterise deeply phenotyped samples and then testing the dimensions in novel samples to assess specificity and reliability. Crucially, we aim to use machine learning methods to identify novel predictors of treatment response based on prospective longitudinal treatment outcome data, and we can externally validate the dimensions in fully independent sites. CONCLUSION We describe the consortium, imaging protocols and analytics using preliminary results. Our findings thus far demonstrate how datasets across many sites can be harmonized and constructively pooled to enable execution of this large-scale project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia H Y Fu
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of East London, London, UK.
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Guray Erus
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Yong Fan
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Mathilde Antoniades
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Danilo Arnone
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Taolin Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ki Sueng Choi
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Cherise Chin Fatt
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Mood Disorders Treatment and Research Centre and Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Vibe G Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melanie Ganz
- Neurobiology Research Unit, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jose Garcia
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Beata R Godlewska
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Stefanie Hassel
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Keith Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kun Qin
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Susan Rotzinger
- Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Centre for Depression and Suicide Studies, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Matthew D Sacchet
- Meditation Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | - Haochang Shou
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Endeavor (PennSIVE) Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ashish Singh
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Aleks Stolicyn
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Irina Strigo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Stephen C Strother
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Duygu Tosun
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Dongtao Wei
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Toby Wise
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel D Woodham
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Roland Zahn
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ian M Anderson
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J F William Deakin
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Boadie W Dunlop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Rebecca Elliott
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | | | - Sidney H Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Centre for Depression and Suicide Studies, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helen S Mayberg
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | | | - Jiang Qiu
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Madhukar H Trivedi
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Heather C Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chao-Gan Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Allan H Young
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, London, UK
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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6
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Khalsa SS, Victor TA, Kuplicki R, Yeh HW, Vanover KE, Paulus MP, Davis RE. Single doses of a highly selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 1 (lenrispodun) in healthy volunteers: a randomized pharmaco-fMRI clinical trial. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1844-1853. [PMID: 35488084 PMCID: PMC9372139 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lenrispodun is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) type 1, which is thought to prolong intracellular second messenger signaling within cortical and subcortical dopaminergic brain regions. This is the first study of a PDE1 inhibitor in healthy volunteers using behavioral and neuroimaging approaches to examine its effects on neural targets and to provide a safety and tolerability assessment. The primary objectives were to determine whether lenrispodun induces changes in BOLD fMRI signals in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) during the stop signal task, and the dorsal anterior insula (dAI) during the extinction phase of a fear conditioning/extinction task. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects design, 26 healthy individuals (22 completed all fMRI sessions) received in random order a single oral dose of placebo, lenrispodun 1.0 milligram (mg) or lenrispodun 10.0 mg and completed several tasks in the scanner including the stop signal (n = 24) and fear conditioning/extinction tasks (n = 22). Prespecified region-of-interest analyses for the IFG and dAI were computed using linear mixed models. Lenrispodun induced increases in IFG activity during the stop signal task at 1.0 mg (Cohen's d = 0.63) but not 10.0 mg (Cohen's d = 0.07) vs. placebo. Lenrispodun did not induce changes in dAI activity during fear extinction at either dose. Exploratory outcomes revealed changes in cardiac interoception. Lenrispodun administration was well-tolerated. These results provide evidence that 1.0 mg lenrispodun selectively improved neural inhibitory control without altering fear extinction processing. Future investigations should determine whether lenrispodun improves inhibitory control in target populations such as individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03489772.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahib S Khalsa
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA.
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA.
| | | | | | - Hung-Wen Yeh
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Health Services and Outcomes Research, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
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7
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Park H, Forthman KL, Kuplicki R, Victor TA, Yeh HW, Thompson WK, Paulus MP. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data for the association between polygenic risk scores for neuroticism and reward-punishment processing. Data Brief 2022; 42:108014. [PMID: 35310819 PMCID: PMC8924281 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroticism as a personality trait represents a heritable risk for psychiatric disorders. The polygenic risk score for neuroticism (N-PRS) is used to study genetic vulnerability to neuroticism. The current data present the association of the genetic risk for neuroticism to neural reward-punishment processing using functional magnetic resonance imaging. N-PRS was computed based on the individual's genotype information and a genome-wide association study on the UK Biobank data. While individuals performed a monetary incentive delay task, their neural activations for upcoming incentives (reward: gain, punishment: loss) were measured in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals during the delay phase. Multivariate ANCOVAs were used to analyze BOLD signals for finding the association between N-PRS and reward-punishment processing by the incentive valence (Related research article: H. Park, K.L. Forthman, R. Kuplicki, T.A. Victor, Tulsa 1000 Investigators, H.W. Yeh, W.K. Thompson, M.P. Paulus, Polygenic risk for neuroticism modulates response to gains and losses in the amygdala and caudate: evidence from a clinical cohort. J. Affect. Disord. 293 (2021) 124-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.016). These data can be used as reference data for future studies examining the role of the genetic propensity for personality traits in the context of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heekyeong Park
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA.,University of North Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Hung-Wen Yeh
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA.,Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Paulus MP, Kuplicki R, Victor TA, Yeh HW, Khalsa SS. Methylphenidate augmentation of escitalopram to enhance adherence to antidepressant treatment: a pilot randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:582. [PMID: 34798853 PMCID: PMC8603485 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to treatment, i.e. the extent to which a patient's therapeutic engagement coincides with the prescribed treatment, is among the most important problems in mental health care. The current study investigated the influence of pairing an acute positive reinforcing dopaminergic/noradrenergic effect (methylphenidate, MPH) with a standard antidepressant on the rates of adherence to medication treatment. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether MPH + escitalopram resulted in higher rates of medication adherence relative to placebo + escitalopram. METHODS Twenty participants with moderate to severe depression were 1-1 randomized to either (1) 5 mg MPH + 10 mg escitalopram or (2) placebo + 10 mg escitalopram with the possibility for a dose increase at 4 weeks. A Bayesian analysis was conducted to evaluate the outcomes. RESULTS First, neither percent Pill count nor Medication Electronic Monitoring System adherence showed that MPH was superior to placebo. In fact, placebo showed slightly higher adherence rates on the primary (7.82% better than MPH) and secondary (7.07% better than MPH) outcomes. There was a less than 25% chance of MPH augmentation showing at least as good or better adherence than placebo. Second, both groups showed a significant effect of treatment on the QIDS-SR with a median effect of an 8.6-point score reduction. Third, neither subjective measures of adherence attitudes nor socio-demographic covariates had a significant influence on the primary or secondary outcome variables. CONCLUSIONS These data do not support the use of MPH to increase adherence to antidepressant medication in individuals with moderate to severe depression. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER NCT03388164 , registered on 01/02/2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P. Paulus
- grid.417423.70000 0004 0512 8863Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK 74136-3326 USA ,grid.267360.60000 0001 2160 264XOxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK USA
| | - Rayus Kuplicki
- grid.417423.70000 0004 0512 8863Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK 74136-3326 USA
| | - Teresa A. Victor
- grid.417423.70000 0004 0512 8863Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK 74136-3326 USA
| | - Hung-Wen Yeh
- grid.417423.70000 0004 0512 8863Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK 74136-3326 USA ,grid.239559.10000 0004 0415 5050Health Services & Outcomes Research, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO USA
| | - Sahib S. Khalsa
- grid.417423.70000 0004 0512 8863Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK 74136-3326 USA ,grid.267360.60000 0001 2160 264XOxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK USA
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Park H, Forthman KL, Kuplicki R, Victor TA, Yeh HW, Thompson WK, Paulus MP. Polygenic risk for neuroticism moderates response to gains and losses in amygdala and caudate: Evidence from a clinical cohort. J Affect Disord 2021; 293:124-132. [PMID: 34186230 PMCID: PMC8411869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroticism is a heritable trait that contributes to the vulnerability to depression. We used polygenic risk scores (PRS) to examine genetic vulnerability to neuroticism and its associations with reward/punishment processing in a clinical sample with mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders. It was hypothesized that higher PRS for neuroticism is associated with attenuated neural responses to reward/punishment. METHOD Four hundred sixty-nine participants were genotyped and their PRSs for neuroticism were computed. Associations between PRS for neuroticism and anticipatory processing of monetary incentives were examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Individuals with higher PRS for neuroticism showed less anticipatory activation in the left amygdala and caudate region to incentives regardless of incentive valence. Further, these individuals exhibited altered sensitivity to gain/loss processing in the right anterior insula. Higher PRSs for neuroticism were also associated with reduced processing of gains in the precuneus. LIMITATIONS The study population consisted of a transdiagnostic sample with dysfunctions in positive and negative valence processing. PRS for neuroticism may be correlated with current clinical symptoms due to the vulnerability to psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS Greater genetic loading for neuroticism was associated with attenuated anticipatory responsiveness in reward/punishment processing with altered sensitivity to valences. Thus, a higher genetic risk for neuroticism may limit the degree to which positive and/or negative outcomes influence the current mood state, which may contribute to the development of positive and negative affective dysfunctions in individuals with mood, anxiety, and addictive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hung-Wen Yeh
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA,Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO
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Kosciolek T, Victor TA, Kuplicki R, Rossi M, Estaki M, Ackermann G, Knight R, Paulus MP. Individuals with substance use disorders have a distinct oral microbiome pattern. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 15:100271. [PMID: 34589776 PMCID: PMC8474247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Substance use disorder emerges from a complex interaction between genetic predisposition, life experiences, exposure, and subsequent adaptation of biological systems to the repeated use of drugs. Recently, investigators have proposed that the human microbiota may play a role in brain health and disease. In particular, the human oral microbiome is a distinct and diverse ecological niche with its composition influenced by external factors such as lifestyle, diet, and oral hygiene. This investigation examined whether individuals with substance use disorder (SU) show a different oral microbiome pattern and whether this pattern is sufficient to delineate the SU group from healthy comparison (HC) subjects. Methods Participants were a sub-sample (N = 177) of the Tulsa 1000 (T-1000) project. We analyzed 123 SU and 54 HC subjects using 16S rRNA marker gene sequencing to characterize the oral microbiome. Results The groups differed significantly based on the UniFrac distance, a phylogenetic-based measure of beta diversity, but did not differ in alpha diversity. Using a machine learning approach, microbiome features combined with socio-demographic variables successfully categorized group membership with 87%–92% accuracy, even after controlling for external factors such as smoking or alcohol consumption. SU individuals with relatively lower diversity also reported higher levels of negative reinforcement experiences associated with their primary substance of abuse. Conclusions Oral microbiome features are useful to sufficiently differentiate SU from HC subjects. There is some evidence that subjects whose drug use is driven by negative reinforcement show an impoverished oral microbiome. Taken together, the oral microbiome may help to understand the dysfunctional biological processes that promote substance use or may be pragmatically useful as a risk or severity biological marker. Oral microbiome features differentiate substance use disorder and healthy subjects. Machine learning with microbiome and socio-demographic variables categorizes groups. Substance use individuals have lower microbiome diversity. Substance use individuals have higher levels of negative reinforcement. Oral microbiome may be useful as a risk or severity biological marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kosciolek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | | | - Maret Rossi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mehrbod Estaki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gail Ackermann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
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Moradi M, Ekhtiari H, Kuplicki R, McKinney B, Stewart JL, Victor TA, Paulus MP. Evaluating the resource allocation index as a potential fMRI-based biomarker for substance use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 216:108211. [PMID: 32805548 PMCID: PMC7609625 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of neuroscience-based biomarkers for the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of individuals with substance use disorders (SUD). The resource allocation index (RAI), a measure of the interrelationship between salience, executive control and default-mode brain networks (SN, ECN, and DMN), has been proposed as one such biomarker. However, the RAI has yet to be extensively tested in SUD samples. METHODS The present analysis compared RAI scores between individuals with stimulant and/or opioid use disorders (SUD; n = 139, abstinent 4-365 days) and healthy controls (HC; n = 56) who had completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans within the context of the Tulsa 1000 cohort. First, we used independent component analysis (ICA) to identify the SN, ECN, and DMN and extract their time series data. Second, we used multiple permutations of automatically identified networks to compute RAI as reported in the fMRI literature. RESULTS First, the RAI as a metric depended substantially on the approach that was used to define the network components. Second, regardless of the selection of networks, after controlling for multiple testing there was no difference in RAI scores between SUD and HC. Third, the RAI was not associated with any substance use-related self-report measures. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings do not provide evidence that RAI can be used as an fMRI-derived biomarker for the severity or diagnosis of individuals with SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Moradi
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK, 74136, United States; Department of Computer Science, J. Newton Rayzor Hall, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK, 74104, United States.
| | - Hamed Ekhtiari
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK, 74136, United States.
| | - Rayus Kuplicki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK, 74136, United States.
| | - Brett McKinney
- Department of Computer Science, J. Newton Rayzor Hall, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK, 74104, United States; Department of Mathematics, Keplinger Hall 3085, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK, 74104, United States.
| | - Jennifer L Stewart
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK, 74136, United States; Department of Community Medicine, Oxley Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, 1215 S. Boulder Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74119, United States.
| | - Teresa A Victor
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK, 74136, United States.
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK, 74136, United States; Department of Community Medicine, Oxley Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, 1215 S. Boulder Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74119, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, United States.
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Stewart JL, White EJ, Kuplicki R, Akeman E, Paulus MP, Aupperle RL, Khalsa SS, Savitz JB, Victor TA, Paulus MP, Aupperle RL. Women with Major Depressive Disorder, Irrespective of Comorbid Anxiety Disorders, Show Blunted Bilateral Frontal Responses during Win and Loss Anticipation. J Affect Disord 2020; 273:157-166. [PMID: 32421596 PMCID: PMC7306441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroencephalography (EEG) studies suggest that major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with lower left than right frontal brain activity (asymmetry), a pattern appearing stronger in women than men, and when elicited during emotionally-relevant paradigms versus an uncontrolled resting state. However, it is unclear whether this asymmetry pattern generalizes to the common presentation of MDD with co-occurring anxiety. Moreover, asymmetry may differ for anxiety subtypes, wherein anxious apprehension (AnxApp: worry characteristic of generalized anxiety disorder) appears left-lateralized, but anxious arousal (AnxAro: panic characteristic of social anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and panic disorders) may be right-lateralized. METHODS This analysis attempted to replicate frontal EEG asymmetry patterns using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants completed clinical interviews and a monetary incentive delay (MID) task during fMRI recording. We compared five groups of right-handed women from the Tulsa 1000 study, MDD (n=40), MDD-AnxApp (n=26), MDD-AnxAro (n=34), MDD-Both (with AnxApp and AnxAro; n=26), and healthy controls (CTL; n=24), as a function of MID anticipation condition (no win/loss, win, loss) and hemisphere on frontal blood oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal. RESULTS CTL exhibited higher bilateral superior, middle, and inferior middle frontal gyrus BOLD signal than the four MDD groups for high arousal (win and loss) conditions. However, frontal attenuations were unrelated to current depression/anxiety symptoms, suggestive of a trait as opposed to a state marker. LIMITATIONS This was a cross-sectional analysis restricted to women. CONCLUSIONS Reduced prefrontal cortex recruitment during processing of both positively and negatively valenced stimuli is consistent with the emotion context insensitivity theory of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Stewart
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA,Department of Community Medicine, Oxley Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA,Corresponding author: Jennifer L. Stewart, Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK 74136; phone: (918) 502-5106;
| | - Evan J. White
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA
| | - Rayus Kuplicki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA
| | - Elisabeth Akeman
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA
| | - T1000 Investigators
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA
| | - Martin P. Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA,Department of Community Medicine, Oxley Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Robin L. Aupperle
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA,Department of Community Medicine, Oxley Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Sahib S Khalsa
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
| | - Jonathan B Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
| | - Teresa A Victor
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA; Department of Community Medicine, Oxley Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA
| | - Robin L Aupperle
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA; Department of Community Medicine, Oxley Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA
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Moradi M, Ekhtiari H, Victor TA, Paulus M, Kuplicki R. Image-Derived Phenotyping Informed by Independent Component Analysis-An Atlas-Based Approach. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:118. [PMID: 32153355 PMCID: PMC7047320 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Moradi
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States.,Department of Computer Science, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Hamed Ekhtiari
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Teresa A Victor
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Martin Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States.,Department of Community Medicine, Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Rayus Kuplicki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
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Victor TA, Khalsa SS, Simmons WK, Feinstein JS, Savitz J, Aupperle RL, Yeh HW, Bodurka J, Paulus MP. Tulsa 1000: a naturalistic study protocol for multilevel assessment and outcome prediction in a large psychiatric sample. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e016620. [PMID: 29371263 PMCID: PMC5786129 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although neuroscience has made tremendous progress towards understanding the basic neural circuitry underlying important processes such as attention, memory and emotion, little progress has been made in applying these insights to psychiatric populations to make clinically meaningful treatment predictions. The overall aim of the Tulsa 1000 (T-1000) study is to use the NIMH Research Domain Criteria framework in order to establish a robust and reliable dimensional set of variables that quantifies the positive and negative valence, cognition and arousal domains, including interoception, to generate clinically useful treatment predictions. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The T-1000 is a naturalistic study that will recruit, assess and longitudinally follow 1000 participants, including healthy controls and treatment-seeking individuals with mood, anxiety, substance use and eating disorders. Each participant will undergo interview, behavioural, biomarker and neuroimaging assessments over the course of 1 year. The study goal is to determine how disorders of affect, substance use and eating behaviour organise across different levels of analysis (molecules, genes, cells, neural circuits, physiology, behaviour and self-report) to predict symptom severity, treatment outcome and long-term prognosis. The data will be used to generate computational models based on Bayesian statistics. The final end point of this multilevel latent variable analysis will be standardised assessments that can be developed into clinical tools to help clinicians predict outcomes and select the best intervention for each individual, thereby reducing the burden of mental disorders, and taking psychiatry a step closer towards personalised medicine. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was obtained from Western Institutional Review Board screening protocol #20101611. The dissemination plan includes informing health professionals of results for clinical practice, submitting results to journals for peer-reviewed publication, presenting results at national and international conferences and making the dataset available to researchers and mental health professionals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02450240; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahib S Khalsa
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - W Kyle Simmons
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Justin S Feinstein
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jonathan Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Robin L Aupperle
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Hung-Wen Yeh
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jerzy Bodurka
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
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Victor TA, Drevets WC, Misaki M, Bodurka J, Savitz J. Sex differences in neural responses to subliminal sad and happy faces in healthy individuals: Implications for depression. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:703-710. [PMID: 27870414 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Twice as many women as men suffer from mood and anxiety disorders, yet the biological underpinnings of this phenomenon have been understudied and remain unclear. We and others have shown that the hemodynamic response to subliminally presented sad or happy faces during functional MRI (fMRI) is a robust biomarker for the attentional bias toward negative information classically observed in major depression. Here we used fMRI to compare the performance of healthy females (n = 28) and healthy males (n = 28) on a backward masking task using a fast event-related design with gradient-recalled, echoplanar imaging with sensitivity encoding. The image data were compared across groups using a region-of-interest analysis with small-volume correction to control for multiple testing (Pcorrected < 0.05, cluster size ≥ 20 voxels). Notably, compared with males, females showed greater BOLD activity in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) and the right hippocampus when viewing masked sad vs. masked happy faces. Furthermore, females displayed reduced BOLD activity in the right pregenual ACC and left amygdala when viewing masked happy vs. masked neutral faces. Given that we have previously reported similar findings for depressed participants compared with healthy controls (regardless of gender), our results raise the possibility that on average healthy females show subtle emotional processing biases that conceivably reflect a subgroup of women predisposed to depression. Nevertheless, we note that the differences between males and females were small and derived from region-of-interest rather than voxelwise analyses. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wayne C Drevets
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma.,Janssen Pharmaceuticals of Johnson & Johnson, Inc., Titusville, New Jersey
| | - Masaya Misaki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Jerzy Bodurka
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma.,College of Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Jonathan Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma.,Faculty of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma
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Bergamino M, Kuplicki R, Victor TA, Cha YH, Paulus MP. Comparison of two different analysis approaches for DTI free-water corrected and uncorrected maps in the study of white matter microstructural integrity in individuals with depression. Hum Brain Mapp 2017. [PMID: 28631276 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has often been used to examine white matter (WM) tract abnormalities in depressed subjects, but these studies have yielded inconsistent results, probably, due to gender composition or small sample size. In this study, we applied different analysis pipelines to a relatively large sample of individuals with depression to determine whether previous findings in depression can be replicated with these pipelines. We used a "standard" DTI algorithm and maps computed through a free-water (FW) corrected DTI. This latter algorithm is able to identify and separate the effects of extracellular FW on DTI metrics. Additionally, skeletonized and WM voxel-based analysis (VBA) methods were used. Using the skeletonized method, DTI maps showed lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in depressed subjects in the left brain hemisphere, including the anterior thalamic radiation (ATR L), cortical spinal tract (CST L), inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF L). Differences in radial diffusivity (RD) were also found. For the VBA using RD, we found different results when we used FW uncorrected and corrected DTI metrics. Relative to the VBA approach, the skeletonized analysis was able to identify more clusters where WM integrity was altered in depressed individuals. Different significant correlations were found between RD and the Patient Health Questionnaire in the CST L, and SLF L. In conclusion, the skeletonized method revealed more clusters than the VBA and individuals with depression showed multiple WM abnormalities, some of which were correlated with disease severity Hum Brain Mapp 38:4690-4702, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yoon-Hee Cha
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma.,University of California, Los Angeles, California
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He H, Sui J, Du Y, Yu Q, Lin D, Drevets WC, Savitz JB, Yang J, Victor TA, Calhoun VD. Co-altered functional networks and brain structure in unmedicated patients with bipolar and major depressive disorders. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:4051-4064. [PMID: 28600678 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) share similar clinical characteristics that often obscure the diagnostic distinctions between their depressive conditions. Both functional and structural brain abnormalities have been reported in these two disorders. However, the direct link between altered functioning and structure in these two diseases is unknown. To elucidate this relationship, we conducted a multimodal fusion analysis on the functional network connectivity (FNC) and gray matter density from MRI data from 13 BD, 40 MDD, and 33 matched healthy controls (HC). A data-driven fusion method called mCCA+jICA was used to identify the co-altered FNC and gray matter components. Comparing to HC, BD exhibited reduced gray matter density in the parietal and occipital cortices, which correlated with attenuated functional connectivity within sensory and motor networks, as well as hyper-connectivity in regions that are putatively engaged in cognitive control. In addition, lower gray matter density was found in MDD in the amygdala and cerebellum. High accuracy in discriminating across groups was also achieved by trained classification models, implying that features extracted from the fusion analysis hold the potential to ultimately serve as diagnostic biomarkers for mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao He
- The Mind Research Network, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd, NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA.,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jing Sui
- The Mind Research Network, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd, NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA. .,Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuhui Du
- The Mind Research Network, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd, NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA.,School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qingbao Yu
- The Mind Research Network, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd, NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Dongdong Lin
- The Mind Research Network, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd, NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Wayne C Drevets
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals of Johnson & Johnson, Inc., Titusville, NJ, USA
| | | | - Jian Yang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China
| | | | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd, NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA. .,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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He H, Yu Q, Du Y, Vergara V, Victor TA, Drevets WC, Savitz JB, Jiang T, Sui J, Calhoun VD. Resting-state functional network connectivity in prefrontal regions differs between unmedicated patients with bipolar and major depressive disorders. J Affect Disord 2016; 190:483-493. [PMID: 26551408 PMCID: PMC4684976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differentiating bipolar disorder (BD) from major depressive disorder (MDD) often poses a major clinical challenge, and optimal clinical care can be hindered by misdiagnoses. This study investigated the differences between BD and MDD in resting-state functional network connectivity (FNC) using a data-driven image analysis method. METHODS In this study, fMRI data were collected from unmedicated subjects including 13 BD, 40 MDD and 33 healthy controls (HC). The FNC was calculated between functional brain networks derived from fMRI using group independent component analysis (ICA). Group comparisons were performed on connectivity strengths and other graph measures of FNC matrices. RESULTS Statistical tests showed that, compared to MDD, the FNC in BD was characterized by more closely connected and more efficient topological structures as assessed by graph theory. The differences were found at both the whole-brain-level and the functional-network-level in prefrontal networks located in the dorsolateral/ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, VLPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Furthermore, interconnected structures in these networks in both patient groups were negatively associated with symptom severity on depression rating scales. LIMITATIONS As patients were unmedicated, the sample sizes were relatively small, although they were comparable to those in previous fMRI studies comparing BD and MDD. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the differences in FNC of the PFC reflect distinct pathophysiological mechanisms in BD and MDD. Such findings ultimately may elucidate the neural pathways in which distinct functional changes can give rise to the clinical differences observed between these syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao He
- The Mind Research Network & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Qingbao Yu
- The Mind Research Network & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yuhui Du
- The Mind Research Network & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA, School of Information and Communication Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Victor Vergara
- The Mind Research Network & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Wayne C. Drevets
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals of Johnson & Johnson, Inc., Titusville, NJ, USA
| | | | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Sui
- The Mind Research Network & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Beijing, China.
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,Address for Correspondence: Jing Sui, Vince D. Calhoun, The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd, NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, ,
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Savitz J, Drevets WC, Wurfel BE, Ford BN, Bellgowan PSF, Victor TA, Bodurka J, Teague TK, Dantzer R. Reduction of kynurenic acid to quinolinic acid ratio in both the depressed and remitted phases of major depressive disorder. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 46:55-9. [PMID: 25686798 PMCID: PMC4414807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation is characteristic of a subgroup of currently depressed patients with major depressive disorder (dMDD). It may lead to the activation of the kynurenine-metabolic pathway and the increased synthesis of potentially neurotoxic metabolites such as 3-hydroxykynurenine (3HK) and quinolinic acid (QA), relative to kynurenic acid (KynA). Nevertheless, few studies have examined whether abnormalities in this pathway are present in remitted patients with MDD (rMDD). Here we compared the serum concentrations of kynurenine metabolites, measured using high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, across 49 unmedicated subjects meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for MDD, 21 unmedicated subjects meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for rMDD, and 58 healthy controls (HCs). There was no significant group difference in the concentrations of the individual kynurenine metabolites, however both the dMDD group and the rMDD group showed a reduction in KynA/QA, compared with the HCs. Further, there was an inverse correlation between KynA/QA and anhedonia in the dMDD group, while in the rMDD group, there was a negative correlation between lifetime number of depressive episodes and KynA/QA as well as a positive correlation between the number of months in remission and KynA/QA. Our results raise the possibility that a persistent abnormality exists within the kynurenine metabolic pathway in MDD that conceivably may worsen with additional depressive episodes. The question of whether persistent abnormalities in kynurenine metabolism predispose to depression and/or relapse in remitted individuals remains unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; Faculty of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA.
| | - Wayne C Drevets
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals of Johnson & Johnson, Inc., Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Brent E Wurfel
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Bart N Ford
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Patrick S F Bellgowan
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; Faculty of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | | | - Jerzy Bodurka
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; College of Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - T Kent Teague
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Tulsa, OK, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Tulsa, OK, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Tulsa, OK, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Robert Dantzer
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Symptom Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Victor TA, Furey ML, Fromm SJ, Bellgowan PSF, Öhman A, Drevets WC. The extended functional neuroanatomy of emotional processing biases for masked faces in major depressive disorder. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46439. [PMID: 23056309 PMCID: PMC3466291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with a mood-congruent processing bias in the amygdala toward face stimuli portraying sad expressions that is evident even when such stimuli are presented below the level of conscious awareness. The extended functional anatomical network that maintains this response bias has not been established, however. Aims To identify neural network differences in the hemodynamic response to implicitly presented facial expressions between depressed and healthy control participants. Method Unmedicated-depressed participants with MDD (n = 22) and healthy controls (HC; n = 25) underwent functional MRI as they viewed face stimuli showing sad, happy or neutral face expressions, presented using a backward masking design. The blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal was measured to identify regions where the hemodynamic response to the emotionally valenced stimuli differed between groups. Results The MDD subjects showed greater BOLD responses than the controls to masked-sad versus masked-happy faces in the hippocampus, amygdala and anterior inferotemporal cortex. While viewing both masked-sad and masked-happy faces relative to masked-neutral faces, the depressed subjects showed greater hemodynamic responses than the controls in a network that included the medial and orbital prefrontal cortices and anterior temporal cortex. Conclusions Depressed and healthy participants showed distinct hemodynamic responses to masked-sad and masked-happy faces in neural circuits known to support the processing of emotionally valenced stimuli and to integrate the sensory and visceromotor aspects of emotional behavior. Altered function within these networks in MDD may establish and maintain illness-associated differences in the salience of sensory/social stimuli, such that attention is biased toward negative and away from positive stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa A Victor
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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22
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Victor TA, Furey ML, Fromm SJ, Ohman A, Drevets WC. Relationship between amygdala responses to masked faces and mood state and treatment in major depressive disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 67:1128-38. [PMID: 21041614 DOI: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with behavioral and neurophysiological evidence of mood-congruent processing biases toward explicitly presented, emotionally valenced stimuli. However, few studies have investigated such biases toward implicitly presented stimuli. OBJECTIVE To investigate differential amygdala responses to sad, happy, and neutral faces presented below the level of explicit conscious awareness using a backward masking task in unmedicated participants with MDD and healthy controls (HCs). DESIGN Initial cross-sectional design followed by a longitudinal treatment trial using functional magnetic resonance imaging. SETTING Psychiatric outpatient clinic at the National Institute of Mental Health. PARTICIPANTS We studied 22 unmedicated, currently depressed people with MDD (dMDD), 16 unmedicated individuals with MDD in full remission (rMDD), and 25 HCs. INTERVENTION Ten dMDD participants underwent 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline hydrochloride. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Amygdala region-of-interest and whole-brain analyses evaluated the hemodynamic response during exposure to masked sad vs masked happy faces, to masked sad vs neutral faces, and to masked happy vs neutral faces. RESULTS The dMDD participants showed greater amygdala responses than HCs to masked sad faces, whereas HCs showed greater amygdala responses to masked happy faces. The bias toward sad faces also was evident in rMDD participants relative to HCs and did not differ between dMDD and rMDD participants. This processing bias reversed toward the normative pattern in dMDD participants after sertraline treatment. CONCLUSIONS Emotional-processing biases occur in amygdala responses to sad faces presented below the level of conscious awareness in dMDD or rMDD individuals and to happy faces in HCs. By influencing the salience of social stimuli, mood-congruent processing biases in the amygdala may contribute to dysfunction in conscious perceptions and social interactions in MDD. Our data suggest, however, that the negative bias resolves and a positive bias develops in patients with MDD during selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa A Victor
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Gonzalez CM, Victor TA, Bourtsos E, Blum MD. Monoclonal antibody confirmation of a primary leiomyoma of the testis. J Urol 1999; 161:1908. [PMID: 10332467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C M Gonzalez
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Medical School, Evanston Hospital, Illinois, USA
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Abstract
Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) of the breast is commonly identified as an incidental finding in breast biopsies performed because of either a mammographic abnormality or a palpable mass. Although long recognized as an entity, the significance and optimal treatment of LCIS remains controversial. Initially regarded as a pre-invasive form of breast cancer analogous to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), LCIS was treated by mastectomy. As evidence mounted for an equal risk of invasive carcinoma in both breasts, bilateral mastectomy was advocated by some. More recent studies suggest that LCIS is a marker for increased risk rather than a true precursor of invasive carcinoma, and this allows a more conservative approach. The pathologic aspects and natural history of LCIS are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Goldschmidt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Evanston Hospital, IL 60201, USA
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Quigley RL, Switzer SS, Victor TA, Goldschmidt RA, Salinger MH, Arentzen CE, Alexander JC, Anderson RW. Modulation of alloreactivity in transplant recipients by phenotypic manipulation of donor endothelium. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995; 109:905-9. [PMID: 7739251 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5223(95)70315-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic manipulation of allograft endothelium to reduce immunogenicity would have a significant impact on transplantation. In this study we have demonstrated that random seeding of a heart allograft with endothelium, of host origin, not only promotes long-term survival, but reduces the requirement for pharmacologic immunosuppression. We propose that this simple technology could easily be extrapolated to the clinical arena where hypothermia and preservation solutions have allowed allografts to remain ex vivo for extended periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Quigley
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University-Evanston Hospital, IL 60201, USA
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Grammatikos SI, Subbaiah PV, Victor TA, Miller WM. Diversity in the ability of cultured cells to elongate and desaturate essential (n-6 and n-3) fatty acids. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1994; 745:92-105. [PMID: 7832535 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Essential fatty acids (EFAs) cannot be synthesized by mammalian cells. Once taken in with the diet, they can undergo desaturations/saturations and chain elongations/shortenings to yield a variety of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the same family. Cells in vitro from a variety of tissues are capable of processing EFAs to varying extents. Conversion of the parent EFAs, linoleic (LA, n-6) and alpha-linolenic (LNA, n-3) acids, to the 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids, arachidonic (AA, n-6) and eicosapentanoic (EPA, n-3), requires chain elongation and delta 6 and delta 5 desaturations. AA and EPA are required by many tissues for optimal biological function and are precursors of biologically active eicosanoid hormones. All cultured cells are able to elongate exogenous LA and LNA, and most can perform delta 5 desaturation, so delta 6 desaturation is the limiting step in AA and EPA production. Longer fatty acids that have more double bonds than AA or EPA are less frequently produced due to a deficiency in delta 4 desaturating ability. The process of retroconversion (chain shortening) is less extensively studied, but evidence from a variety of cells suggests that this type of metabolic conversion is normally active. The example of MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line) and MCF-10A cells (human noncancerous breast cell line) is discussed in order to emphasize the diversity in EFA processing ability of cultured cells. Under identical culture conditions, MCF-10A cells perform extensive desaturations, elongations, and retroconversions, whereas MCF-7 cells can only elongate and retroconvert exogenous EFAs. Given the great diversity in the ability of cultured cells to process EFAs, no conclusions can be drawn regarding the mechanisms responsible for the effects of exogenous EFAs on a particular cell until that cell's EFA processing patterns have been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Grammatikos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3120
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Grammatikos SI, Subbaiah PV, Victor TA, Miller WM. n-3 and n-6 fatty acid processing and growth effects in neoplastic and non-cancerous human mammary epithelial cell lines. Br J Cancer 1994; 70:219-27. [PMID: 8054269 PMCID: PMC2033515 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1994.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The type rather than the amount of dietary fat may be more important in breast carcinogenesis. While animal studies support this view, little is known about the effects of essential fatty acids (EFAs) at the cellular level. The MCF-7 breast cancer and the MCF-10A non-cancerous human mammary epithelial cell lines are compared in terms of growth response to EFAs and ability to incorporate and process the EFAs. Eicosapentaenoic (EPA, n-3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA, n-3) acids, presented bound to albumin, inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells by as much as 50% in a dose-dependent manner (6-30 microM) in medium containing 0.5% serum. alpha-Linolenic (LNA, n-3) and arachidonic (AA, n-6) acids inhibited growth less extensively, while linoleic acid (LA, n-6) had no effect. In contrast, MCF-10A cells were not inhibited by any of the EFAs at levels below 24 microM. The differential effects of AA, EPA and DHA on MCF-7 and MCF-10A cells support a protective role of highly unsaturated essential fatty acids against breast cancer. The EFAs were primarily incorporated into phosphoglycerides. MCF-7 cells showed chain elongations and possibly delta 8 desaturation, but no AA was formed from LA, nor EPA or DHA from LNA. In contrast, MCF-10A cells desaturated and elongated the exogenous EFAs via all the known pathways. These findings suggest defects in the desaturating enzymes of MCF-7 cells. LNA, DHA and AA presented to MCF-7 cells in phospholipid liposomes inhibited growth as extensively as albumin-bound free acids, but were less extensively incorporated, suggesting different mechanisms of inhibition for the two methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Grammatikos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3120
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Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) have long been recognized for their nutritional value in the absence of glucose, and as necessary components of cell membranes. However, FAs have other effects on cells that may be less familiar. Polyunsaturated FAs of dietary origin (n-6 and n-3) cannot be synthesized by mammals, and are termed 'essential' because they are required for the optimal biologic function of specialized cells and tissues. However, they do not appear to be necessary for normal growth and metabolism of a variety of cells in culture. The essential fatty acids (EFAs) have received increased attention in recent years due to their presumed involvement in cardiovascular disorders and in cancers of the breast, pancreas, colon and prostate. Many in vitro systems have emerged which either examine the role of EFAs in human disease directly, or utilize EFAs to mimic the in vivo cellular environment. The effects of EFAs on cells are both direct and indirect. As components of membrane phospholipids, and due to their varying structural and physical properties, EFAs can alter membrane fluidity, at least in the local environment, and affect any process that is mediated via the membrane. EFAs containing 20 carbons and at least three double bonds can be enzymatically converted to eicosanoid hormones, which play important roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Alternatively, EFAs released into cells from phospholipids can act as second messengers that activate protein kinase C. Furthermore, susceptibility to oxidative damage increases with the degree of unsaturation, a complication that merits consideration because lipid peroxidation can lead to a variety of substances with toxic and mutagenic properties. The effects of EFAs on cultured cells are illustrated using the responses of normal and tumor human mammary epithelial cells. A thorough evaluation of EFA effects on commercially important cells could be used to advantage in the biotechnology industry by identifying EFA supplements that lead to improved cell growth and/or productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Grammatikos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3120
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Victor TA, Bergman A, Knop RH. Detecting fatty acids of dietary origin in normal and cancerous human breast tissue by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Br J Cancer 1993; 68:336-41. [PMID: 8347488 PMCID: PMC1968580 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1993.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural abundance 13C NMR was used to determine relative amounts of fatty acid subclasses present in fibroadipose tissue from the human breast in healthy and cancer patients and in breast carcinoma tissue. Resonances corresponding to the carbon atoms of triacylglycerides were obtained when adipose tissue constituted more than 10% of the carcinoma. Resonances corresponding to phospholipids and proteins were also observed when the percentage of adipose tissue was lower. No significant difference between the levels of unsaturated fatty acids in adipose tissue from cancer and non-cancer patients was found. However, significant differences in the levels of monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids of carcinoma compared to non-cancerous tissue was found, as was a nearly significant difference for the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in these two tissue types. These findings suggest an alteration of cellular lipid composition in neoplastic mammary tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Victor
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Medical School, Evanston Hospital, Illinois 60201
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Abstract
Skeletal muscle hemangiomas are uncommonly described in a variety of locations. This report details the diagnosis and management of a 39-year-old woman with a right chest wall mass detected on physical examination. After a negative diagnostic evaluation, exploratory thoracotomy revealed an intercostal hemangioma, undescribed in recent literature. The lesion was excised.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Winchester
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Medical School, Evanston, Illinois
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Abstract
Solitary or multifocal pulmonary pseudolymphoma developed in two men and two women between 59 and 76 years of age. The lesions were detected incidentally in three patients and following a respiratory infection in the fourth. Follow-up radiographs and chest CT revealed gradual expansion of the opacities without cavitation, calcification, or pleural involvement. Histopathologic sections from open lung biopsies or resected segments showed dense alveolar and peribronchial infiltration by numerous mature lymphocytes and plasma cells surrounding reactive lymphoid follicles with true germinal centers. Their benign nature was confirmed by immunofluorescent studies showing polyclonal cell populations. No recurrence or malignant change occurred during 4- to 9-year periods of observation. The clinical and radiologic features of pulmonary pseudolymphoma are presented with a brief review of 54 previously reported cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Holland
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Evanston Hospital-McGaw Medical Center of Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201
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32
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Shattuck MC, Victor TA. Cytologic features of well-differentiated sclerosing liposarcoma in aspirated samples. Acta Cytol 1988; 32:896-901. [PMID: 3201879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The histologic, cytologic and ultrastructural features of two cases of a rare variant of liposarcoma, the well-differentiated sclerosing type, are presented. These tumors are characterized by lipoblasts (in different stages of development), atypical fibroblasts, multinucleated floret cells, lipocytes and delicate, dispersed collagen. The differential diagnosis includes other types of liposarcoma and three benign lipomatous lesions: the pleomorphic lipoma, the atypical lipoma and the spindle cell lipoma. The latter three neoplasms are composed of fibroblasts, lipocytes and coarse collagen and may have typical lipoblastlike or fibroblastic cells. Given the difficulty in distinguishing these lesions, both cytologically and histologically, the clinical presentation and the tumor location become essential in rendering the diagnosis of sclerosing liposarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Shattuck
- Department of Pathology, Evanston Hospital, IL 60201
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Degani H, Victor TA, Kaye AM. Effects of 17 beta-estradiol on high energy phosphate concentrations and the flux catalyzed by creatine kinase in immature rat uteri: 31P nuclear magnetic resonance studies. Endocrinology 1988; 122:1631-8. [PMID: 3345730 DOI: 10.1210/endo-122-4-1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to study the effects of 17 beta-estradiol on the content of phosphates and on the flux catalyzed by creatine kinase in immature rat uteri. Perifusion with oxygenated medium at 36 C maintained the uteri in a viable state for at least 10 h in vitro during 31P NMR measurements. In vitro administration of 17 beta-estradiol to the perifused uteri induced changes in the concentration of the high energy phosphates similar to those found after in vivo stimulation: a rapid fall in the concentrations of ATP, phospho-creatine, and the phosphomonoesters during the first 2 h, followed by a slower return to initial concentrations by approximately 6 h. Analysis of the time course of this modulation indicated that after estrogen stimulation, the energy utilization rate was about twice the production rate. The flux through the creatine kinase (CK) reaction was measured independently using 31P magnetization transfer techniques; it was found to increase in uteri 24 h after estradiol injection by the same extent (65%) as the specific activity of CK measured by a spectrophotometric assay. The congruence between the results of these two techniques (in the absence of increased substrate concentrations) provides evidence that the early stimulation of brain-type CK synthesis by estrogen results in a net increase in the concentration of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Degani
- Isotope Research Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Abstract
Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the duodenal bulb was detected by endoscopic examination in 25 adult patients and was confirmed by biopsy in 17 of these patients. The endoscopic findings were correlated with the radiographic features of the lesion on upper gastrointestinal barium studies. On radiographs, this entity usually presented as clusters of 1- to 3-mm plaques raised above the smooth and featureless duodenal mucosa; this was seen in 17 (68%) of 25 patients. A less frequent finding was patches of coarse nodular mucosa with superficial erosions or an ulcer crater (five cases [20%]). The heterotopic gastric mucosa was visible as polypoid masses in two patients and as prominent areae gastricae covering the base of duodenal bulb in another.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Agha
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Evanston Hospital-McGaw Medical Center of Northwestern University, IL 60201
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Dalton
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago and Evanston Hospital, Evanston, Illinois
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Mountain CF, Lukeman JM, Hammar SP, Chamberlain DW, Coulson WF, Page DL, Victor TA, Weiland LH. Lung cancer classification: the relationship of disease extent and cell type to survival in a clinical trials population. J Surg Oncol 1987; 35:147-56. [PMID: 3037195 DOI: 10.1002/jso.2930350302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The staging and histologic cell type of patients in the Lung Cancer Study Group (LCSG) clinical trials program are reviewed and confirmed or resolved at the reference center for anatomic and pathologic classification of lung cancer. A high level of consistency in classification has been achieved through the use of criteria that minimize intraobserver variability. The data obtained from the review project have been used to characterize the relationship of disease extent and cell type to survival in the clinical trials population. Survival characteristics were generated for 1,121 patients who underwent apparent complete resection of nonsmall cell lung cancer and were subsequently entered into various protocols to receive either adjuvant treatment or no further therapy. The end results study provides some insight regarding the biological behavior of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung in terms of the anatomic extent of disease at the time of apparent complete resection. Patients with squamous cell carcinoma had an outcome superior to that of patients with adenocarcinoma in every TNM subset. The differences in survival according to these major cell types were significant overall and in the T1 N0, T1 N1, and T2 N1 subsets but not in the TNM subsets in stage III disease. Histologic cell type and extent of disease are important factors in survival expectations; thus the accuracy and reproducibility of these classifications plays a significant role in the evaluation of differing modalities of treatment.
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Abstract
A patient with secondary hyperparathyroidism was found to have two intrathyroidal parathyroid glands. Parathyroid glands are found completely within the substance of the thyroid in approximately 2 to 8% of all cases. The surgical approach to hyperparathyroidism is discussed.
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Degani H, Shaer A, Victor TA, Kaye AM. Estrogen-induced changes in high-energy phosphate metabolism in rat uterus: 31P NMR studies. Biochemistry 1984; 23:2572-7. [PMID: 6466600 DOI: 10.1021/bi00307a006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the concentrations of high-energy phosphate metabolites were measured by 31P NMR spectroscopy of surviving rat uteri from 0-48 h following estrogen administration. Concentrations (millimoles per kilogram wet weight) of these metabolites in the untreated immature uterus, measured at 4 degrees C, were found to be the following: creatine phosphate (CP), 2.1 +/- 0.2; nucleoside triphosphates, mainly adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), 4.6 +/- 0.4; phospho monoesters, primarily sugar phosphates (SP), 5.4 +/- 0.7; and inorganic phosphate (Pi), 0.8 +/- 0.4. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) concentration was estimated to be approximately 40 mumol/kg wet weight from the assumed equilibrium of the creatine kinase reaction. The concentration of CP, and to lesser extent ATP and SP, declined within the first 1.5-3 h after injection of 17 beta-estradiol, returned to control values between 6 and 12 h, and then increased, reaching maximal concentrations at 24 h. From the fractions of the total soluble ATP in free and Mg2+-bound forms, [free Mg2+] in the untreated uterus was estimated to be 0.2-0.4 mmol/kg wet weight. An increase in [free Mg2+] in the uterus was detected 1.5 h after estrogen injection. A subsequent parallel increase in the ratio of ATP to CP concentrations suggests that estrogen can also affect the apparent creatine kinase equilibrium by modulating [free Mg2+].
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Abstract
In 1979, researchers described a series of young patients with clinically and histologically distinctive supratentorial gliomas which were designated pleomorphic (meningocerebral) xanthoastrocytomas (PXA). Significantly, patients with these neoplasms were reported to have a relatively favorable prognosis. The authors present a new case of PXA in a 32-year-old man. This case is unique for two reasons: (1) a relatively rapid fatal outcome with death 21 months after diagnosis; and (2) the presence, at autopsy, of extensive recurrent tumor with features of a malignant astrocytoma. Detailed electron microscopic and immunohistochemical studies, supporting the proposed subpial astrocytic origin of PXA, are presented. Literature pertaining to PXA is reviewed. This report illustrates the unique features of PXA and demonstrates its potential for aggressive behavior.
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Abstract
A patient with malignant Brenner tumor of the ovary is presented. The tumor responded to combined therapy with radiation plus doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide despite earlier failure on a single alkylating agent (levophenylalanine mustard). The patient next exhibited a brief response to chemotherapy with hexamethylmelamine + cyclophosphamide + amethopterin + 5-fluorouracil. The histologic findings and ultrastructure of the tumor are discussed in detail. The morphologic features are consistent with the proposed origin of Brenner tumors from coelomic epithelium through a process of secondary urothelial metaplasia.
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Maizels M, Victor TA, Garnett J, Holland JM. Matrix obstruction of solitary kidney during pregnancy. Urology 1982; 20:305-8. [PMID: 6214882 DOI: 10.1016/0090-4295(82)90648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Kalish SB, Goldschmidt R, Li C, Knop R, Cook FV, Wilner G, Victor TA. Infective endocarditis caused by Paecilomyces varioti. Am J Clin Pathol 1982; 78:249-52. [PMID: 7201747 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/78.2.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The first reported case of Paecilomyces varioti endocarditis occurring on a porcine heterograft prosthesis is presented and the clinical and pathological features described in the four previously reported cases of prosthetic valvular endocarditis caused by this organism are reviewed. In each case, infection became apparent more than two months after cardiac surgery. Three of the four patients with infected aortic prosthesis developed outflow obstruction secondary to valvular vegetations. All patients died regardless of medical or surgical intervention. Appropriate therapy remains unknown.
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Weldon-Linne CM, Victor TA, Christ ML. Immunohistochemical identification of factor VIII-related antigen in the intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumor of the lung. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1981; 105:628-9. [PMID: 6271091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Abstract
Two patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei (PP) had repeated intraperitoneal washing with 5% dextrose in water. Both responded to this therapy with decrease in abdominal girth. The second patient is alive, without abdominal distention, more than 112 weeks since beginning peritoneal washing therapy (PWT) for ovarian PP. Biochemical assays of urine before and after PWT show that acid mucopolysaccharide is excreted in the urine, probably after being absorbed through the peritoneal surface. The long-term effects of this procedure on renal function are not known, but PWT appears to be reasonable and safe ambulatory therapy for PP.
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Weldon-Linne CM, Victor TA, Christ ML, Fry WA. Angiogenic nature of the "intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumor" of the lung: an electron microscopic study. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1981; 105:174-9. [PMID: 6260056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumor of lung (IVBAT) was studied with electron microscopy. Based on ultrastructural evidence and information obtained from the literature, we propose the following: (1) IVBAT is a true pulmonary neoplasm with distinctive morphologic features; (2) it consists of cells with endothelial characteristics and is probably derived from multipotential mesenchymal reserve cells; (3) it is not related to the typical bronchioloalveolar tumor of lung; (4) a more appropriate designation for this unusual pulmonary neoplasm is "sclerosing angiogenic tumor."
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Abstract
The primary mode of spread of basal cell carcinoma is by direct extension. From 1894 to June 1977, 119 cases of metastatic basal cell carcinoma were reported in the world literature. We wish to report five additional cases. It is our feeling that the spread of these tumors is by the interstitial route. It is standard teaching that the interstitial embolic spread of cancer does not occur, but these five cases give strong supporting evidence to the previously reported suggestion that this route of spread may be common. The concept has considerable implications regarding treatment of most cancers.
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Abstract
Angiosarcoma of the heart is a rare tumor infrequently diagnosed ante mortem. The clinical presentation is usually that of pericarditis or congestive heart failure. This case report illustrates the contribution of echocardiography in suggesting the diagnosis.
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Abstract
Patients undergoing thyroidectomies at Evanston (III) Hospital, during a six-month period had immunological studies performed preoperatively. No differential could be found between those with carcinoma or benign pathologic findings. T- and B-cell distribution and lymphocytic response to mitogens varied widely. Quantitative immunoglobulins showed slightly increased levels of IgG in patients with carcinoma and thyroiditis in comparison with those patients with adenomas. Antithyroglobulin antibodies were negative in all patients. Pathology slides from 107 patients with thyroid carcinoma between 1972 and 1978 at Evanston Hospital were reviewed for the presence of thyroiditis, either focal or diffuse. It was found that 50% of all carcinomas had either diffuse or focal thyroiditis. Diffuse thyroiditis was more common in patients with no history of irradiation and papillary carcinoma, and in younger age groups.
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Trapp RG, Breuer RI, Crampton AR, Davis JH, Derman RE, Larson RH, Victor TA. Pancreatic duct arteriovenous fistula and the metastatic fat necrosis syndrome. Dig Dis Sci 1979; 24:403-8. [PMID: 456226 DOI: 10.1007/bf01297128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This report summarizes the course of a patient with asymptomatic chronic pancreatitis associated with hemorrhage into the pancreatic duct and metastatic fat necrosis. Retrograde cannulation of the pancreatic duct and superior mesenteric arteriography established the presence of a pseudocyst with a pancreatic duct-arteriovenous (DAV) fistula as the cause of the syndrome. Ligation of feeder vessels with external drainage of the cyst as the initial surgical procedure stopped the bleeding but failed to prevent recurrence of the pancreatic duct-venous fistula. A pancreaticoduodenectomy with resection of the cyst and fistula was required to arrest destruction of distant tissues. Although serum and urine amylase concentrations were markedly elevated, serum lipase levels were normal throughout the patient's course. Elevation of serum lipase does not seem to be a necessary condition for the development of the metastatic fat necrosis syndrome.
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Khandekar JD, Victor TA, Mukhopadhyaya P. Endometrial carcinoma following estrogen therapy for breast cancer. Report of three cases. Arch Intern Med 1978; 138:539-41. [PMID: 205183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Three patients with metastatic breast cancer responded to diethylstilbestrol (DES) therapy, but later they developed endometrial carcinoma. Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that endometrial carcinoma can occur in breast cancer patients receiving diethylstilbestrol therapy.
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