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Yang C, Li S, Wu L, Ding Z, Zhou H, Pan Y, Yang C, Lin J, Li Q, You Y, Zhong X, Chen Y, Zhao Y. Prevalence of prediabetes by the fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c screening criteria among the children and adolescents of Shenzhen, China. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1301921. [PMID: 38313368 PMCID: PMC10836591 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1301921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Prediabetes is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality. Rare research in China has evaluated the prevalence of prediabetes among children and adolescents using the HbA1c criterion or the combined FPG-or-HbA1c diagnostic criterion, and researchers paid no attention to the distributions of blood glucose in Shenzhen, especially for juveniles. Methods We conducted a school-based cross-sectional study based on the first-year students from 17 primary, middle, and high schools. Prediabetes was defined as FPG of 5.6-6.9 mmol/L or HbA1c of 5.7%-6.4%. The crude and standardized prevalence of prediabetes with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was estimated. Results A total of 7519 participants, aged 6 to 17 years, were included. For all subjects, the crude prevalence (95% CI) of prediabetes was 1.49% (1.21-1.77), 8.72% (8.08-9.36), and 9.80% (9.13-10.47) by the FPG-only, HbA1c-only, and FPG-or-HbA1c criteria, respectively. Based on the 2010 Shenzhen census population, the standardized prevalence was 1.56% (males 1.85%, females 1.19%), 11.05% (males 11.47%, females 10.53%), and 12.19% (males 13.01%, females 11.15%) by the corresponding criteria. The proportion of prediabetes was higher for males than females, and the prevalence decreased with grade for males but increased for females. The association of BMI and prediabetes was U-shaped curve, indicating higher rates of prediabetes for underweight and obesity people. Conclusion The blood glucose status of children and adolescents in Shenzhen is worrisome, and the early detection and management of prediabetes are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, The 5th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Wards of Cadres, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangyan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zan Ding
- Department of Science and Education, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Administrative, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, The 5th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chufu Yang
- Department of Huangtian Outpatient, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinjun Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, The 5th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingbin You
- Department of Administrative, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, The 5th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuyuan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, The 5th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, The 5th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Ahmad F, Joshi SH. Self-Care Practices and Their Role in the Control of Diabetes: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e41409. [PMID: 37546053 PMCID: PMC10402910 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-standing, continuously growing metabolic ailment in which levels of glucose in the blood increase due to a total (DM of type 1) or incomplete (DM of type 2) decrease in the level of the hormone insulin. Diabetes mellitus affects a large number of individuals worldwide, and as more people develop the disease, the burden will double from what it is now. The requirements of people suffering from diabetes are not only confined to the control of blood glucose; there is also a need to prevent disabilities, side effects, and difficulties in rehabilitation. Studies suggest that seven self-care practices for individuals suffering from this disease have shown good outcomes. Those practices include assessment of sugar levels in the blood, consuming healthy foods, remaining physically active, taking medications regularly and on time, maintaining healthy behavior, and decreasing risk factors. All of these practices collectively have shown good results in maintaining blood glucose levels, decreasing side effects, and increasing life expectancy in people with diabetes mellitus. Those who have DM and practice self-care have shown positive results by reducing the complications of DM, decreasing its progression, and leading to a huge reduction in the burden due to DM. Despite these positive changes, people sticking to these self-care practices are very few, specifically when we see broad and chronic changes. There are many positive contributing factors, such as social factors, demographic factors, and various socio-economic factors, but the role of physicians in increasing the practices associated with personal care for people with this disease is crucial and most important for the desired outcome. Keeping in mind the burden and multidimensional nature of the disorder, proper systematic and combined efforts are needed to increase these self-care practices in patients with diabetes to reduce any chronic side effects and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Ahmad
- Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Shiv H Joshi
- Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Poladia Z, Mehta A, Jani CT, Shah PR, Nagpal N, Grewal US. Reader comments. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2022; 36:138-139. [PMID: 36578596 PMCID: PMC9762740 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2022.2116687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zenia Poladia
- Terna Medical College and Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aryan Mehta
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Chinmay Tushar Jani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Nipun Nagpal
- Indian School of Business, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Udhayvir Singh Grewal
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
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Khadilkar AV, Lohiya N, Mistry S, Chiplonkar S, Khadilkar V, Kajale N, Ekbote V, Vispute S, Mandlik R, Prasad H, Singh N, Agarwal S, Palande S, Ladkat D. Random Blood Glucose Concentrations and their Association with Body Mass Index in Indian School Children. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2019; 23:529-535. [PMID: 31803592 PMCID: PMC6873251 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_536_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND AIMS Overweight/obese children are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Random glucose elevations provide early warning signs of glycemic dysregulation. To assess random blood glucose (RBG) concentrations and risk factors associated with prediabetes in children aged 3-18 years from six Indian regions. METHOD Multicenter, cross sectional, observational school-based study; multi-stage stratified random sampling was carried out. Height and weight measured; body mass index (BMI) was computed. RBG measured using a glucometer. National sample survey was used for dietary patterns. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 for Windows. SETTING Study centers were from Maharashtra, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Assam, Tamil Nadu and Punjab from 40 selected schools. PARTICIPANT Children aged 3-18 years were measured. RESULTS Data on 14339 subjects (7413 boys) were analyzed. Prevalence of obesity was 5.8% and overweight-10.6%. Overall, 1% had low (<3 mmol/L), 93.7% in reference range (3.9-7.2 mmol/L) and 5.3% had elevated RBG (>7.2 mmol/L). With increasing mean BMI, there was increase in RBG concentrations. Children from Tamil Nadu were more likely to have RBG outside reference range compared to other regions (P < 0.05). Assam and Punjab had highest prevalence of RBG and BMI within reference range. Energy intake partly explained regional variations. Multivariate analysis showed male gender, urban residency, age >10 yrs (girls) and 13 yrs (boys), and overweight or obesity were predictive of prediabetes. CONCLUSION Increased prevalence of overweight, obesity and prediabetes in Indian children are a matter of concern. Regional differences suggest that strategies to prevent obesity and combat perturbations in blood sugar may have to be customized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha V. Khadilkar
- Department of Paediatric and Endocrine, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospitals, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nikhil Lohiya
- Department of Paediatric and Endocrine, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospitals, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sejal Mistry
- Department of Paediatric and Endocrine, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospitals, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shashi Chiplonkar
- Department of Paediatric and Endocrine, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospitals, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaman Khadilkar
- Department of Paediatric and Endocrine, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospitals, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neha Kajale
- Department of Paediatric and Endocrine, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospitals, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Veena Ekbote
- Department of Paediatric and Endocrine, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospitals, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Smruti Vispute
- Department of Paediatric and Endocrine, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospitals, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rubina Mandlik
- Department of Paediatric and Endocrine, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospitals, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hemchand Prasad
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Dr Mehta's Hospital Pvt Ltd, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Narendra Singh
- Department of Anthropology, Assam University, Diphu, Assam, India
| | - Sanwar Agarwal
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Ekta Institute of Child Health, Raipur, India
| | - Sonal Palande
- Department of Paediatric and Endocrine, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospitals, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dipali Ladkat
- Department of Paediatric and Endocrine, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospitals, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance and Glucose Intolerance in Childhood Obesity. CONTEMPORARY ENDOCRINOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68192-4_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
Obesity has been estimated to decrease life expectancy by as little as 0.8 to as much as 7 years being the second leading cause of preventable death in the United States after smoking. Along with the increase in the prevalence of obesity, there has been a dramatic rise of the prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes among adolescents. Despite that, very little is known about the pathogenesis of these conditions in pediatrics and about how we could detect prediabetes in an early stage in order to prevent full blown diabetes. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the pathophysiology of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in adolescents and describe how biomarkers of beta-cell function might help identifying those individuals who are prone to progress from normal glucose tolerance towards prediabetes and overt type 2 diabetes. To better understand and fight this disease, we will need to explore and develop novel therapeutic strategies and individuate more sensitive and specific biomarkers that can allow an earlier detection of the disease.
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Zabeen B, Nahar J, Tayyeb S, Mohsin F, Nahar N, Azad K. Characteristics of children and adolescents at onset of type 2 diabetes in a Tertiary Hospital in Bangladesh. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2016; 20:638-642. [PMID: 27730073 PMCID: PMC5040043 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.190544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent data show that the prevalence of diabetes among children and adolescents is increasing in some ethnic groups. The worldwide epidemic of childhood obesity has been accompanied by an increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in youth. METHODS The aim of this study was to describe the baseline characteristics of children and adolescents diagnosed ≤18 years who had features of T2D and presented at Changing Diabetes in Children, Paediatric Diabetes Clinic at Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation of Diabetes, Endocrine, and Metabolic Disorders. All patients who were newly diagnosed and came to the clinic from March 2011 to March 2015 were included. RESULTS Among 939 newly registered patients, 77 (8%) had a diagnosis of T2D. The age at diagnosis was 9-10 years in 11 patients (14%), 11-14 years in 46 (60%) and 15-17 years in other 20 patients (26%). Majority of the children had a positive family history of T2D (94%) and 58% were obese. Median fasting insulin (27.9 [17.3-99.3]) was high in 76% patients. Insulin was started initially along with metformin in 40 patients and could be stopped in six patients in 3 months. CONCLUSION Our study reflects that T2D is emerging as a problem in children and adolescents in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedowra Zabeen
- Department of Changing Diabetes in Children, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Paediatrics, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jebun Nahar
- Department of Paediatrics, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Samin Tayyeb
- Department of Changing Diabetes in Children, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Paediatrics, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fauzia Mohsin
- Department of Paediatrics, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nazmun Nahar
- Department of Paediatrics, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kishwar Azad
- Department of Changing Diabetes in Children, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Paediatrics, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Sukla P, Shrivastava SR, Shrivastava PS, Rao NL. Assessment of the cardiac autonomic neuropathy among the known diabetics and age-matched controls using noninvasive cardiovascular reflex tests in a South-Indian population: A case-control study. Avicenna J Med 2016; 6:81-5. [PMID: 27390670 PMCID: PMC4922213 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0770.184067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by hyperglycemia. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in a rural area of South India, among the known diabetics after comparing them with the age-matched healthy controls, utilizing noninvasive cardiac autonomic neuropathy reflex tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control study was conducted for 4 months (October 2014 to January 2015) at an Urban Health and Training Center (UHTC) of a Medical College located in Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu. The study was conducted among 126 diagnosed Type 2 diabetes patients and in 152 age- and sex-matched healthy controls to ensure comparability between the cases and controls and, thus, reduce variability due to demographic variables. All the study subjects (cases and controls) were selected from the patients attending UHTC during the study duration, provided they satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Study participants were subjected to undergo noninvasive cardiac autonomic neuropathy reflex tests. The associations were tested using paired t-test for the continuous (mean ± standard deviation) variables. RESULTS The overall prevalence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy among diabetic patients was found to be as 53.2% (67/126). On further classification, positive (abnormal) results were obtained in 56 (sympathetic - 44.4%) and 51 (parasympathetic - 40.5%) diabetic cases. Overall, heart rate variation during deep breathing was found to be the most sensitive test to detect parasympathetic autonomic neuropathy while the diastolic blood pressure response to sustained handgrip exercise was the most sensitive method to detect sympathetic neuropathy dysfunction. CONCLUSION The overall prevalence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy among diabetic patients was found to be as 53.2%. Even though cardiac autonomic neuropathy can be detected by various invasive tests, noninvasive tests remain a key tool to detect it in the remote settings in a cost-effective and user-friendly manner without making people visit higher centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Sukla
- Department of Community Medicine, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Prateek Saurabh Shrivastava
- Department of Community Medicine, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nambaru Lakshmana Rao
- Department of Biostatistics and Health, Aditya Institute of Technology and Management, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Krishnappa SK, Yashoda H, Boraiah G, Vishwa S. Sagittal Abdominal Diameter to Measure Visceral Adipose Tissue in Overweight or Obese Adolescent Children and Its Role as A Marker of Insulin Resistance. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:SC09-12. [PMID: 26673888 PMCID: PMC4668495 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/15971.6742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurement of sagittal abdominal diameter using a revalidated caliper is simple, inexpensive, non-invasive method. It strongly correlates with insulin resistance and can be used as a surrogate marker to predict risk for Type II Diabetes Mellitus. AIM To assess visceral abdominal fat by measuring sagittal abdominal diameter using sliding calipers and to predict insulin resistance in obese or overweight adolescent children. STUDY DESIGN Explorative study for Paediatric age group among over weight and obese children aged 10-18 years in urban population in a Tertiary Care Centre. MATERIALS AND METHODS Paediatric population satisfying ADA guidelines for diagnosis of prediabetes were included in the study. Anthropometric measurements with SAD were recorded. Blood was collected to investigate for prediabetes and insulin resistance using HOMA-IR. RESULTS Out of 924 subjects who gave assent to participate in study 108 fulfilled ADA criteria. 33 subjects who didn't come for the follow up were excluded. Out of 75 subjects 12 were detected to have insulin resistance (16%) and 63 were normal (84%). Pearson's partial correlation of HOMA-IR and OGTT with SAD has demonstrated it to be better correlation with Insulin Resistance (IR) than other anthropometric measurements. Fasting Glucose correlated better with Waist Hip Circumference. CONCLUSION Insulin Resistance was diagnosed in 16% of the population and these had high levels of insulin resistance. SAD in relation to glucose metabolism, had a better correlation with OGTT followed by HOMA-IR and fasting Insulin. SAD with anthropometric measurements had better correlation all the parameters other than Waist Circumference, which had negative correlation. SAD can be used in evaluation of obese or overweight children for evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Krishnappa
- Clinical Fellow, Department of Neonatology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - H.T. Yashoda
- Professor and Unit Head, Department of Pediatrics, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Ganga Boraiah
- Professor and Biostatistician, Department of Community Medicine, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Suma Vishwa
- Junior Resident, Department of Pediatrics, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, India
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Sukla P, Shrivastava SR, Shrivastava PS. A longitudinal study to assess the impact of exercise on clinical, biochemical, and anthropometric parameters among the type 2 diabetes patients of South India. Avicenna J Med 2015; 5:16-20. [PMID: 25625085 PMCID: PMC4296392 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0770.148504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Aim of the study isto assess the scope of physical activity among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients residing in an urban area of SouthIndia. Materials and Methods: A longitudinal interventional study was conducted for a period of 8months (January 2014–August 2014) among patients of T2DM accessing the healthcare services at an Urban Health and Training Center (UHTC) of a Medical College located in Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu. Universal sampling method was employed and all diagnosed T2DM patients attending UHTC during the month of January were enrolled in the study provided they satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Overall 151 participants were considered for final analysis and all of them were subjected to indulge in moderate type of aerobic exercise in the form of brisk walking for 2.5 h spread over a period of 1 week, for the next 6months. Before and after the exercise regimen, cases were subjected to clinical evaluation, measurement of weight and waist circumference, and estimation of fasting and postprandial blood sugar; and the results were compared with the baseline estimates. The associations were tested using paired t-test for continuous (mean ± standard deviation ( SD)) variables. Results: Majority (86, 57%) of the diabetics were from the age group of 40–60 years with a definite female preponderance (82/151) in contrast to males (69/151). A significant reduction in both fasting and postprandial sugar was observed before and after the exercise. However, from the perspective of the weight and waist circumference, although a reduction was observed, the association was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The findings of the present longitudinal study suggest that compliance with moderate type of physical activity can significantly improve the fasting and postprandial blood sugar, apart from reduction in weight of T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Sukla
- Department of Community Medicine, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Prateek Saurabh Shrivastava
- Department of Community Medicine, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Chen CM, Lou MF, Gau BS. Prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and analysis of related factors in Taiwanese adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes 2014; 15:220-8. [PMID: 24168425 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in Taiwanese adolescents and important related variables. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This analysis was based on the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT) data during 2010 and 2011. The original study was a cross-sectional and national representative survey. A total of 1949 subjects (965 males and 984 females) aged 11-20 years participated. Research tools consisted of questionnaires, anthropometry parameters, and blood biochemical indicators. The acquired data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS The prevalence of IFG in Taiwanese adolescents was 22% (a fasting glucose level between 100 and 125 mg/dL is considered abnormal). Factors that significantly affected IFG levels included sex, age, quality of family dietary environment, overweight, obesity, and the number of cardio-metabolic risk factors. CONCLUSION The prevalence of IFG in Taiwanese adolescents is a public health issue that should not be ignored. The prevalence may be reduced by adjusting lifestyles. Healthy family environments should be encouraged and appropriate healthy lifestyle counseling plans offered specifically to male adolescents with overweight, obesity, and cardio-metabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Mei Chen
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Shrivastava SR, Shrivastava PS, Ramasamy J. Role of self-care in management of diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2013; 12:14. [PMID: 23497559 PMCID: PMC3599009 DOI: 10.1186/2251-6581-12-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 463] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic progressive metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia mainly due to absolute (Type 1 DM) or relative (Type 2 DM) deficiency of insulin hormone. World Health Organization estimates that more than 346 million people worldwide have DM. This number is likely to more than double by 2030 without any intervention. The needs of diabetic patients are not only limited to adequate glycemic control but also correspond with preventing complications; disability limitation and rehabilitation. There are seven essential self-care behaviors in people with diabetes which predict good outcomes namely healthy eating, being physically active, monitoring of blood sugar, compliant with medications, good problem-solving skills, healthy coping skills and risk-reduction behaviors. All these seven behaviors have been found to be positively correlated with good glycemic control, reduction of complications and improvement in quality of life. Individuals with diabetes have been shown to make a dramatic impact on the progression and development of their disease by participating in their own care. Despite this fact, compliance or adherence to these activities has been found to be low, especially when looking at long-term changes. Though multiple demographic, socio-economic and social support factors can be considered as positive contributors in facilitating self-care activities in diabetic patients, role of clinicians in promoting self-care is vital and has to be emphasized. Realizing the multi-faceted nature of the problem, a systematic, multi-pronged and an integrated approach is required for promoting self-care practices among diabetic patients to avert any long-term complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh RamBihariLal Shrivastava
- Department of Community Medicine, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College & Research Institute, Ammapettai village, Thiruporur - Guduvancherry Main Road, Sembakkam Post, 603108 Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Prateek Saurabh Shrivastava
- Department of Community Medicine, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College & Research Institute, Ammapettai village, Thiruporur - Guduvancherry Main Road, Sembakkam Post, 603108 Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Jegadeesh Ramasamy
- Department of Community Medicine, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College & Research Institute, Ammapettai village, Thiruporur - Guduvancherry Main Road, Sembakkam Post, 603108 Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu India
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Virmani A, Kulkarni A. Diabetes in young: Beyond type 1. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2012; 16:S256-S258. [PMID: 23565393 PMCID: PMC3603041 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.104054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Although majority of diabetes in children is type1 diabetes, childhood type2 diabetes prevalence is rapidly increasing due to changing lifestyle. Most patients can be definitely grouped into either of the two but some present diagnostic difficulty due to overlapping and non specific clinical features and laboratory findings. MODY and several other diseases affecting the pancreas also result in childhood diabetes. Treatment of diabetes in children presents unique challenges and primary prevention is of prime importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Virmani
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Senior Consultant Endocrinologist, Apollo/ Max/ Pentamed/ Sunderlal Jain Hospitals, Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Kulkarni
- Consultant Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinologist, Jaslok Hospital and Research Center and Saifee Hospital, Mumbai, India
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