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Rawat M, Chauhan M, Pandey A. Extremophiles and their expanding biotechnological applications. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:247. [PMID: 38713374 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Microbial life is not restricted to any particular setting. Over the past several decades, it has been evident that microbial populations can exist in a wide range of environments, including those with extremes in temperature, pressure, salinity, and pH. Bacteria and Archaea are the two most reported types of microbes that can sustain in extreme environments, such as hot springs, ice caves, acid drainage, and salt marshes. Some can even grow in toxic waste, organic solvents, and heavy metals. These microbes are called extremophiles. There exist certain microorganisms that are found capable of thriving in two or more extreme physiological conditions simultaneously, and are regarded as polyextremophiles. Extremophiles possess several physiological and molecular adaptations including production of extremolytes, ice nucleating proteins, pigments, extremozymes and exopolysaccharides. These metabolites are used in many biotechnological industries for making biofuels, developing new medicines, food additives, cryoprotective agents etc. Further, the study of extremophiles holds great significance in astrobiology. The current review summarizes the diversity of microorganisms inhabiting challenging environments and the biotechnological and therapeutic applications of the active metabolites obtained as a response to stress conditions. Bioprospection of extremophiles provides a progressive direction with significant enhancement in economy. Moreover, the introduction to omics approach including whole genome sequencing, single cell genomics, proteomics, metagenomics etc., has made it possible to find many unique microbial communities that could be otherwise difficult to cultivate using traditional methods. These findings might be capable enough to state that discovery of extremophiles can bring evolution to biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvi Rawat
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Mansi Chauhan
- Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Anita Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India.
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Sun Y, Chen S, Zhang Y, Qi X, Guo D, Feng B, Qi R, Wu Y, Gao X. Filament coating system assists recovery of ablative fCO 2 laser treatment: A split-face clinical observation. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:1629-1637. [PMID: 38192154 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current nursing procedure after fractional carbon dioxide (fCO2) is complex and needs to be optimized. The present study was conducted to evaluate the assisting effect of filament coating system after fCO2 laser treatment. METHODS Chinese individuals aged from 18 to 65 years diagnosed as photoaging or atrophic acne scar were recruited and each participant was treated with one single pass of fCO2 laser. A split face was randomly assigned as treatment side or control side. For control side, conventional procedure was topically applied respectively, including desonide cream two times for 3 days, fusidic acid cream two times for 7 days, and recombinant human epidermal growth factor (RhEGF) gel four times for 7 days; for treating side, a filament coating system was applied immediately after one application of fusidic acid cream, desonide cream and RhEGF, and removed 3 h later, for 3 days. Erythema, edema, crust, and pain on both sides were scored from 0 to 10 before and 1, 2, 4, and 7 days after fCO2 laser treatment. Stratum corneum hydration (SCH) and sebum of forehead and cheek on both sides were also measured by using Corneometer-Sebumeter. RESULTS Twenty photoaging and 11 atrophic acne scar participants finished the observation. All of them complained of erythema, edema, crust, and pain after fCO2 laser treatment, and the scores decreased as time passed by. There were no statistical significances of erythema, edema, crust, pain, SCH, and sebum between treating side and control side at each observation time. CONCLUSION Filament coating system was effective, safe, convenient, and economic in assisting recovery of ablative fCO2 laser, which might be a new option for additional nursing procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, National Joint Engineering Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Immunologic Skin Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - ShuYan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, National Joint Engineering Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Immunologic Skin Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, National Joint Engineering Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Immunologic Skin Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, National Joint Engineering Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Immunologic Skin Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - DeChao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Liaoning Yanyang Medical Equipment Co., LTD, Shenyang, China
| | - RuiQun Qi
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, National Joint Engineering Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Immunologic Skin Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, National Joint Engineering Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Immunologic Skin Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - XingHua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, National Joint Engineering Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Immunologic Skin Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Kadam P, Khisti M, Ravishankar V, Barvkar V, Dhotre D, Sharma A, Shouche Y, Zinjarde S. Recent advances in production and applications of ectoine, a compatible solute of industrial relevance. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130016. [PMID: 37979886 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Extremophilic bacteria growing in saline ecosystems are potential producers of biotechnologically important products including compatible solutes. Ectoine/hydroxyectoine are two such solutes that protect cells and associated macromolecules from osmotic, heat, cold and UV stress without interfering with cellular functions. Since ectoine is a high value product, overviewing strategies for improving yields become relevant. Screening of natural isolates, use of inexpensive substrates and response surface methodology approaches have been used to improve bioprocess parameters. In addition, genome mining exercises can aid in identifying hitherto unreported microorganisms with a potential to produce ectoine that can be exploited in the future. Application wise, ectoine has various biotechnological (protein protectant, membrane modulator, DNA protectant, cryoprotective agent, wastewater treatment) and biomedical (dermatoprotectant and in overcoming respiratory and hypersensitivity diseases) uses. The review summarizes current updates on the potential of microorganisms in the production of this industrially relevant metabolite and its varied applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Kadam
- Department of Biotechnology (with jointly merged Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune,411007, India
| | - Mitesh Khisti
- Department of Biotechnology (with jointly merged Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune,411007, India
| | - Varun Ravishankar
- Department of Biotechnology (with jointly merged Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune,411007, India
| | - Vitthal Barvkar
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune,411007, India
| | - Dhiraj Dhotre
- National Center for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Center for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune,411007, India
| | - Avinash Sharma
- National Center for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Center for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune,411007, India; School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
| | - Yogesh Shouche
- National Center for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Center for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune,411007, India; SKAN Research Center, Bengaluru, India
| | - Smita Zinjarde
- Department of Biotechnology (with jointly merged Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune,411007, India.
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Fontbonne A, Teme B, Abric E, Lecerf G, Callejon S, Moga A, Cadars B, Giraud F, Chavagnac-Bonneville M, Ardiet N, Guyoux A, Trompezinski S. Positive and ecobiological contribution in skin photoprotection of ectoine and mannitol combined in vivo with UV filters. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:308-315. [PMID: 37539499 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation causes immunosuppression, photoaging, and carcinogenesis by induction of a cascade of skin damages. Sunscreens currently on the market are not absorbing UV rays uniformly throughout the full UV range, high sun protection factor (SPF) sunscreens absorb most of UVB rays but are less effective in absorbing the UVA part of the spectrum. In the context, one approach could consist of preserving the skin natural resources and mechanisms, which is the foundation of the ecobiological approach, by combing UV filters and antioxidants to enhance their photoprotective effect. METHODS First, the photoprotection properties of ectoine and mannitol association were characterized by the quantification of glutathione, reactive oxygen species, and double-stranded DNA breaks and by the epidermal Langerhans cells functionality. Second, the protection of squalene oxidation, catalase activity, and trans-urocanic acid (UCA) by the ectoine and mannitol association combined or not with SPF30 UV filters was assessed in vivo via non-invasive skin samplings in 10 subjects on irradiated areas. RESULTS Using in vitro irradiated skin cell models, we demonstrated that this association significantly preserved intracellular glutathione levels, reduced DNA strand breaks induced by oxidative stress, and maintained Langerhans cell functionality. In vivo this association combined with UV filters presented significantly higher protection of three natural defense systems altered by UV compared to UV filters alone: squalene oxidation, catalase activity, and preservation of trans-UCA. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the ecobiological potential of combining UV filters with biological protection to increase skin photoprotection provided by specific active ingredients with antioxidative and immunosuppressive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Fontbonne
- Research and Development Department, NAOS Group, Aix-en-Provence, France
- NAOS Institute of Life Science, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Baba Teme
- Research and Development Department, NAOS Group, Aix-en-Provence, France
- NAOS Institute of Life Science, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Elise Abric
- Research and Development Department, NAOS Group, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | | | - Sylvie Callejon
- Research and Development Department, NAOS Group, Aix-en-Provence, France
- NAOS Institute of Life Science, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | | | - Benoît Cadars
- Research and Development Department, NAOS Group, Aix-en-Provence, France
- NAOS Institute of Life Science, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Félix Giraud
- Research and Development Department, NAOS Group, Aix-en-Provence, France
- NAOS Institute of Life Science, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Marlène Chavagnac-Bonneville
- Research and Development Department, NAOS Group, Aix-en-Provence, France
- NAOS Institute of Life Science, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Nathalie Ardiet
- Research and Development Department, NAOS Group, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Aurélie Guyoux
- Research and Development Department, NAOS Group, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Sandra Trompezinski
- Research and Development Department, NAOS Group, Aix-en-Provence, France
- NAOS Institute of Life Science, Aix-en-Provence, France
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Qaria MA, Xu C, Hu R, Alsubki RA, Ali MY, Sivasamy S, Attia KA, Zhu D. Ectoine Globally Hypomethylates DNA in Skin Cells and Suppresses Cancer Proliferation. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:621. [PMID: 38132942 PMCID: PMC10744768 DOI: 10.3390/md21120621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications, mainly aberrant DNA methylation, have been shown to silence the expression of genes involved in epigenetic diseases, including cancer suppression genes. Almost all conventional cancer therapeutic agents, such as the DNA hypomethylation drug 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine, have insurmountable side effects. To investigate the role of the well-known DNA protectant (ectoine) in skin cell DNA methylation and cancer cell proliferation, comprehensive methylome sequence analysis, 5-methyl cytosine (5mC) analysis, proliferation and tumorigenicity assays, and DNA epigenetic modifications-related gene analysis were performed. The results showed that extended ectoine treatment globally hypomethylated DNA in skin cells, especially in the CpG island (CGIs) element, and 5mC percentage was significantly reduced. Moreover, ectoine mildly inhibited skin cell proliferation and did not induce tumorigenicity in HaCaT cells injected into athymic nude mice. HaCaT cells treated with ectoine for 24 weeks modulated the mRNA expression levels of Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b, Dnmt3l, Hdac1, Hdac2, Kdm3a, Mettl3, Mettl14, Snrpn, and Mest. Overall, ectoine mildly demethylates DNA in skin cells, modulates the expression of epigenetic modification-related genes, and reduces cell proliferation. This evidence suggests that ectoine is a potential anti-aging agent that prevents DNA hypermethylation and subsequently activates cancer-suppressing genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majjid A. Qaria
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.A.Q.); (C.X.); (M.Y.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Chunyan Xu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.A.Q.); (C.X.); (M.Y.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Ran Hu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Roua A. Alsubki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Yassin Ali
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.A.Q.); (C.X.); (M.Y.A.); (S.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Sethupathy Sivasamy
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.A.Q.); (C.X.); (M.Y.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Kotb A. Attia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daochen Zhu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.A.Q.); (C.X.); (M.Y.A.); (S.S.)
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Saleem M, Yahya S, Razzak SA, Khawaja S, Ali A. Shotgun metagenomics and computational profiling of the plastisphere microbiome: unveiling the potential of enzymatic production and plastic degradation. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:359. [PMID: 37884755 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is one of the most resilient types of pollution and is considered a global environmental threat, particularly in the marine environment. This study aimed to identify plastic-degrading bacteria from the plastisphere and their pharmaceutical and therapeutic potential. We collected samples from soil and aquatic plastisphere to identify the bacterial communities using shotgun metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatic tools. Results showed that the microbiome comprised 93% bacteria, 0.29% archaea, and 3.87% unidentified microbes. Of these 93% of bacteria, 54% were Proteobacteria, 23.9% were Firmicutes, 13% were Actinobacteria, and 2.1% were other phyla. We found that the plastisphere microbiome was involved in degrading synthetic and polyhydroxy alkanoate (PHA) plastic, biosurfactant production, and can thrive under high temperatures. However, no association existed between thermophiles, synthetic plastic or PHA degraders, and biosurfactant-producing bacterial species except for Pseudomonas. Other plastisphere inhabiting plastic degrading microbes include Streptomyces, Bacillus, Achromobacter, Azospirillum, Bacillus, Brevundimonas, Clostridium, Paenibacillus, Rhodococcus, Serratia, Staphylococcus, Thermobifida, and Thermomonospora. However, the plastisphere microbiome showed potential for producing secondary metabolites that were found to act as anticancer, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and enzyme stabilizers. These results revealed that the plastisphere microbiome upholds clinical and environmental significance as it can open future portals in a multi-directional way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnoor Saleem
- Department of Biosciences, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto University of Science and Technology, Karachi, 75600, Sindh, Pakistan.
| | - Saira Yahya
- Department of Biosciences, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto University of Science and Technology, Karachi, 75600, Sindh, Pakistan.
| | - Safina Abdul Razzak
- Department of Bioscience, Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi, 75600, Pakistan
| | - Shariqa Khawaja
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Ali
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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Zhang W, Liu K, Kong F, Ye T, Wang T. Multiple Functions of Compatible Solute Ectoine and Strategies for Constructing Overproducers for Biobased Production. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00827-7. [PMID: 37488320 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Ectoine and its derivative 5-hydroxyectoine are compatible solutes initially found in the hyperhalophilic bacterium Ectothiorhodospira halochloris, which inhabits the desert in Egypt. The habitat of ectoine producers implies the primary function of ectoine as a cytoprotectant against harsh conditions such as high salinity, drought, and high radiation. More extensive and in-depth studies have revealed the multiple functions of ectoine in its native producer bacterial cells and other types of cells and its biomolecular components (such as proteins and DNA) as a general protective agent. Its chemical properties as a bio-based amino acid derivative make it attractive for basic scientific research and related industries, such as the food/agricultural industry, cosmetic manufacturing, biologics, and therapeutic agent preparation. This article first discusses the functions and applications of ectoine and 5-hydroxyectoine. Subsequently, more emphasis was placed on advances in bio-based ectoine and/or 5-hydroxyectoine production. Strategies for developing more robust cell factories for highly efficient ectoine and/or 5-hydroxyectoine production are further discussed. We hope this review will provide a valuable reference for studies on the bio-based production of ectoine and 5-hydroxyectoine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Liu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Kong
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Ye
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianwen Wang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, People's Republic of China.
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Dong Z, Sun T, Zhang W, Chen L. Improved salt tolerance of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 by heterologous synthesis of compatible solute ectoine. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1123081. [PMID: 36819058 PMCID: PMC9932913 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1123081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the essential abiotic stresses for the survival of cyanobacteria. However, the realization of large-scale cultivation of cyanobacteria is inseparable from the utilization of abundant seawater resources. Therefore, research on the regulatory mechanism, as well as the improvement of salt tolerance of cyanobacteria is fundamental. Ectoine, a compatible solute which was found in halophilic microorganisms, has potentiality to confer salt tolerance. Here in this article, the salt tolerance of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 (Syn7942) was significantly improved via expressing the ectoine biosynthetic pathway, reaching an increased final OD750 by 20% under 300 mM NaCl and 80% under 400 mM NaCl than that of wild-type (WT), respectively. Encouragingly, the engineered strain could even survive under 500 mM NaCl which was lethal to WT. In addition, by introducing the ectoine synthetic pathway into the sucrose-deficient strain, the salt tolerance of the obtained strain Syn7942/Δsps-ect was restored to the level of WT under 300 mM NaCl stress, demonstrating that ectoine could substitute for sucrose to combat against salt stress in Syn7942. In order to study the difference in the regulation of mechanism on the salt adaptation process after replacing sucrose with ectoine, transcriptomic analysis was performed for Syn7942/Δsps-ect and WT. The differentially expressed gene analysis successfully identified 19 up-regulated genes and 39 down-regulated genes in Syn7942/Δsps-ect compared with WT under salt stress condition. The results also showed that the global regulation of Syn7942/Δsps-ect and WT had certain differences in the process of salt adaptation, in which Syn7942/Δsps-ect reduced the demand for the intensity of sulfur metabolism in this process. This study provides a valuable reference for further salt tolerance engineering in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxin Dong
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, China,Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Tao Sun,
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, China,Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, China,Lei Chen,
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Ma Z, Wu C, Zhu L, Chang R, Ma W, Deng Y, Chen X. Bioactivity profiling of the extremolyte ectoine as a promising protectant and its heterologous production. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:331. [PMID: 36311375 PMCID: PMC9606177 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectoine is a compatible solutes that is diffusely dispersed in bacteria and archaea. It plays a significant role as protectant against various external pressures, such as high temperature, high osmolarity, dryness and radiation, in cells. Ectoine can be utilized in cosmetics due to its properties of moisturizing and antiultraviolet. It can also be used in the pharmaceutical industry for treating various diseases. Therefore, strong protection of ectoine creates a high commercial value. Its current market value is approximately US$1000 kg-1. However, traditional ectoine production in high-salinity media causes high costs of equipment loss and wastewater treatment. There is a growing attention to reduce the salinity of the fermentation broth without sacrificing the production of ectoine. Thus, heterologous production of ectoine in nonhalophilic microorganisms may represent the new generation of the industrial production of ectoine. In this review, we summarized and discussed the biological activities of ectoine on cell and human health protection and its heterologous production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chutian Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Linjiang Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Renjie Chang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weilin Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Deng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
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Du W, Dong Y, Wang Z, Yao S, Wang M, Ji J, Ruan H, Quan R. Study on the mechanism of cadmium chloride pollution accelerating skin tissue metabolism disorder, aging and inhibiting hair regeneration. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1035301. [PMID: 36339210 PMCID: PMC9627278 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1035301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drinking water contaminated by Cd2+ is one of the main pathways for Cd to enter the body. The skin barrier is destroyed when the skin is contaminated by environmental Cd2+, however, the detailed mechanism by which Cd2+ induces skin metabolic disorder, and senescence and affects hair regeneration is not completely understood. In this study, 18 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a Control group, a Low-dose group, and a High-dose group with 6 mice in each group, and intragastrically administered with different concentrations of cadmium chloride once a day, respectively. After 1 month of intervention, the skin tissues on the back of mice were collected for non-targeted metabolomics analysis, and the related proteins were detected by immunofluorescence assay. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis result showed that compared with the Control group, there were 29 different metabolites, mainly including lysophospholipids, fatty acids, and bile acids, in the Low-dose group, and 39 differential metabolites in the High-dose group, in addition to the above compounds, there were more amino acid compounds, and most of the metabolites had a reduced response after administration. Immunofluorescence assay result showed that the higher the concentration of cadmium chloride led to the more obvious the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis promotion effects of skin cells, and the more significant damage to hair follicle stem cells. Thus, our findings demonstrate that cadmium chloride pollution can accelerate skin metabolism disorder, and aging and impair hair regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Du
- Research Institute of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangnan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China,Hangzhou Xiaoshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Weibin Du
| | - Yi Dong
- Shaoxing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Zhenwei Wang
- Research Institute of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangnan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China,Hangzhou Xiaoshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sai Yao
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China,The First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meijiao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinjun Ji
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongfeng Ruan
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China,The First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China,Hongfeng Ruan
| | - Renfu Quan
- Research Institute of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangnan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China,Hangzhou Xiaoshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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