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Zheng K, Gao Y, Xu J, Kang M, Chai R, Jin G, Kang Y. mTOR Inhibitor Everolimus Modulates Tumor Growth in Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary, Hypercalcemic Type and Augments the Drug Sensitivity of Cancer Cells to Cisplatin. Biomedicines 2024; 13:1. [PMID: 39857585 PMCID: PMC11759183 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines13010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2024] [Revised: 12/13/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: Small-cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT), is a rare and aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Current chemotherapy regimens are predominantly platinum-based; however, the development of platinum resistance during treatment significantly worsens patient outcomes. Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, has been widely used in combination cancer therapies and has successfully enhanced the efficacy of platinum-based treatments. Method: In this study, we investigated the combined effects of everolimus and cisplatin on SCCOHT through both in vitro and in vivo experiments, complemented by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses to further elucidate the therapeutic impact. Result: Our findings revealed that everolimus significantly inhibits the proliferation of SCCOHT cells, induces cell cycle arrest, and accelerates apoptosis. When combined with cisplatin, everolimus notably enhances the therapeutic efficacy without increasing the toxicity typically associated with platinum-based drugs. RNA-seq analysis uncovered alterations in the expression of apoptosis-related genes, suggesting that the underlying mechanism involves autophagy regulation. Conclusions: Despite the current challenges in treating SCCOHT and the suboptimal efficacy of platinum-based therapies, the addition of everolimus significantly suppresses tumor growth. This indicates that everolimus enhances cisplatin efficacy by disrupting survival-promoting signaling cascades and inducing cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, it points to potential biomarkers for predicting therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Zheng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (K.Z.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (M.K.); (R.C.); (G.J.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (K.Z.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (M.K.); (R.C.); (G.J.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (K.Z.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (M.K.); (R.C.); (G.J.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Mingyi Kang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (K.Z.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (M.K.); (R.C.); (G.J.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ranran Chai
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (K.Z.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (M.K.); (R.C.); (G.J.)
| | - Guanqin Jin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (K.Z.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (M.K.); (R.C.); (G.J.)
| | - Yu Kang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (K.Z.); (Y.G.); (J.X.); (M.K.); (R.C.); (G.J.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
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Ma Y, Field NR, Xie T, Briscas S, Kokinogoulis EG, Skipper TS, Alghalayini A, Sarker FA, Tran N, Bowden NA, Dickson KA, Marsh DJ. Aberrant SWI/SNF Complex Members Are Predominant in Rare Ovarian Malignancies-Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Treatment-Resistant Subtypes. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:3068. [PMID: 39272926 PMCID: PMC11393890 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16173068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
SWI/SNF (SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable) is the most frequently mutated chromatin-remodelling complex in human malignancy, with over 20% of tumours having a mutation in a SWI/SNF complex member. Mutations in specific SWI/SNF complex members are characteristic of rare chemoresistant ovarian cancer histopathological subtypes. Somatic mutations in ARID1A, encoding one of the mutually exclusive DNA-binding subunits of SWI/SNF, occur in 42-67% of ovarian clear cell carcinomas (OCCC). The concomitant somatic or germline mutation and epigenetic silencing of the mutually exclusive ATPase subunits SMARCA4 and SMARCA2, respectively, occurs in Small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcaemic type (SCCOHT), with SMARCA4 mutation reported in 69-100% of SCCOHT cases and SMARCA2 silencing seen 86-100% of the time. Somatic ARID1A mutations also occur in endometrioid ovarian cancer (EnOC), as well as in the chronic benign condition endometriosis, possibly as precursors to the development of the endometriosis-associated cancers OCCC and EnOC. Mutation of the ARID1A paralogue ARID1B can also occur in both OCCC and SCCOHT. Mutations in other SWI/SNF complex members, including SMARCA2, SMARCB1 and SMARCC1, occur rarely in either OCCC or SCCOHT. Abrogated SWI/SNF raises opportunities for pharmacological inhibition, including the use of DNA damage repair inhibitors, kinase and epigenetic inhibitors, as well as immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Natisha R Field
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Tao Xie
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sarina Briscas
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Emily G Kokinogoulis
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Tali S Skipper
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Amani Alghalayini
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Farhana A Sarker
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Nham Tran
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Nikola A Bowden
- Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2289, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2289, Australia
| | - Kristie-Ann Dickson
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Deborah J Marsh
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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Lorenzo-Guerra SL, Codina-Martínez H, Suárez-Fernández L, Cabal VN, García-Marín R, Riobello C, Vivanco B, Blanco-Lorenzo V, Sánchez-Fernández P, López F, Llorente JL, Hermsen MA. Characterization of a Preclinical In Vitro Model Derived from a SMARCA4-Mutated Sinonasal Teratocarcinosarcoma. Cells 2023; 13:81. [PMID: 38201285 PMCID: PMC10778008 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma (TCS) is a rare tumor that displays a variable histology with admixtures of epithelial, mesenchymal, neuroendocrine and germ cell elements. Facing a very poor prognosis, patients with TCS are in need of new options for treatment. Recently identified recurrent mutations in SMARCA4 may serve as target for modern therapies with EZH1/2 and CDK4/6 inhibitors. Here, we present the first in vitro cell line TCS627, established from a previously untreated primary TCS originating in the ethmoid sinus with invasion into the brain. The cultured cells expressed immunohistochemical markers, indicating differentiation of epithelial, neuroepithelial, sarcomatous and teratomatous components. Whole-exome sequencing revealed 99 somatic mutations including SMARCA4, ARID2, TET2, CDKN2A, WNT7A, NOTCH3 and STAG2, all present both in the primary tumor and in the cell line. Focusing on mutated SMARCA4 as the therapeutic target, growth inhibition assays showed a strong response to the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib, but much less to the EZH1/2 inhibitor valemetostat. In conclusion, cell line TCS627 carries both histologic and genetic features characteristic of TCS and is a valuable model for both basic research and preclinical testing of new therapeutic options for treatment of TCS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lucila Lorenzo-Guerra
- Department of Head and Neck Cancer, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (S.L.L.-G.); (H.C.-M.); (L.S.-F.); (V.N.C.); (R.G.-M.); (C.R.)
| | - Helena Codina-Martínez
- Department of Head and Neck Cancer, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (S.L.L.-G.); (H.C.-M.); (L.S.-F.); (V.N.C.); (R.G.-M.); (C.R.)
| | - Laura Suárez-Fernández
- Department of Head and Neck Cancer, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (S.L.L.-G.); (H.C.-M.); (L.S.-F.); (V.N.C.); (R.G.-M.); (C.R.)
| | - Virginia N. Cabal
- Department of Head and Neck Cancer, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (S.L.L.-G.); (H.C.-M.); (L.S.-F.); (V.N.C.); (R.G.-M.); (C.R.)
| | - Rocío García-Marín
- Department of Head and Neck Cancer, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (S.L.L.-G.); (H.C.-M.); (L.S.-F.); (V.N.C.); (R.G.-M.); (C.R.)
| | - Cristina Riobello
- Department of Head and Neck Cancer, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (S.L.L.-G.); (H.C.-M.); (L.S.-F.); (V.N.C.); (R.G.-M.); (C.R.)
| | - Blanca Vivanco
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.V.)
| | - Verónica Blanco-Lorenzo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.V.)
| | - Paula Sánchez-Fernández
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (P.S.-F.); (F.L.); (J.L.L.)
| | - Fernando López
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (P.S.-F.); (F.L.); (J.L.L.)
| | - Jóse Luis Llorente
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (P.S.-F.); (F.L.); (J.L.L.)
| | - Mario A. Hermsen
- Department of Head and Neck Cancer, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (S.L.L.-G.); (H.C.-M.); (L.S.-F.); (V.N.C.); (R.G.-M.); (C.R.)
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