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Fu S, Dong Q, Fu Y, Luo R, Li J, Sun Y, Liu S, Qiu Y, Guo L, Hu J. Baicalin Relieves Glaesserella parasuis-Triggered Immunosuppression Through Polarization via MIF/CD74 Signaling Pathway in Piglets. Biomolecules 2025; 15:640. [PMID: 40427533 PMCID: PMC12108920 DOI: 10.3390/biom15050640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2025] [Revised: 04/22/2025] [Accepted: 04/25/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis) infection is responsible for Glässer's disease in pigs. G. parasuis could trigger piglet immunosuppression, but the mechanism of inducing immunosuppression by G. parasuis remains unknown. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)/CD74 axis has been shown to participate in inflammation response and immunosuppression, but the function of MIF/CD74 during immunosuppression elicited by G. parasuis has not been fully explored. This experiment explored the efficacy of baicalin on immunosuppression elicited by G. parasuis alleviation through regulating polarization via the MIF/CD74 signaling pathway. Our data indicated that baicalin reduced IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, TNF-α, and COX-2 expression, and regulated MIF/CD74 axis expression in the spleen. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that baicalin enhanced CD74 protein levels in the spleen of piglets induced by G. parasuis. Baicalin regulated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and RAF/MEK/ERK signaling activation, modified the expression of the autophagy-related proteins Beclin-1, P62, and LC3B, promoted M2 polarization to M1 polarization, and enhanced CD3, CD4, CD8, and TIM3 levels in the spleen of piglets elicited by G. parasuis. Our study reveals the important functions of the MIF/CD74 axis in G. parasuis-induced immunosuppression and may offer a new therapeutic method to control G. parasuis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Fu
- Wuhan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Q.D.); (Y.F.); (R.L.); (J.L.); (Y.S.); (S.L.); (Y.Q.); (L.G.); (J.H.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Qiaoli Dong
- Wuhan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Q.D.); (Y.F.); (R.L.); (J.L.); (Y.S.); (S.L.); (Y.Q.); (L.G.); (J.H.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yunjian Fu
- Wuhan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Q.D.); (Y.F.); (R.L.); (J.L.); (Y.S.); (S.L.); (Y.Q.); (L.G.); (J.H.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Ronghui Luo
- Wuhan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Q.D.); (Y.F.); (R.L.); (J.L.); (Y.S.); (S.L.); (Y.Q.); (L.G.); (J.H.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jingyang Li
- Wuhan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Q.D.); (Y.F.); (R.L.); (J.L.); (Y.S.); (S.L.); (Y.Q.); (L.G.); (J.H.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yamin Sun
- Wuhan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Q.D.); (Y.F.); (R.L.); (J.L.); (Y.S.); (S.L.); (Y.Q.); (L.G.); (J.H.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Wuhan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Q.D.); (Y.F.); (R.L.); (J.L.); (Y.S.); (S.L.); (Y.Q.); (L.G.); (J.H.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- Wuhan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Q.D.); (Y.F.); (R.L.); (J.L.); (Y.S.); (S.L.); (Y.Q.); (L.G.); (J.H.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Ling Guo
- Wuhan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Q.D.); (Y.F.); (R.L.); (J.L.); (Y.S.); (S.L.); (Y.Q.); (L.G.); (J.H.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Wuhan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Q.D.); (Y.F.); (R.L.); (J.L.); (Y.S.); (S.L.); (Y.Q.); (L.G.); (J.H.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
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Ezaki A, Yano H, Pan C, Fujiwara Y, Anami T, Ibe Y, Ozaki Y, Nishizawa H, Motoshima T, Yatsuda J, Watanabe H, Maruyama T, Takeo T, Kamba T, Komohara Y. Immunohistochemical Analysis of a1-Acid Glycoprotein and Tumor Associated Macrophages in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2025; 22:103-111. [PMID: 39730181 PMCID: PMC11696322 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2024] [Revised: 10/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/18/2024] [Indexed: 12/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM α1-Acid glycoprotein (AGP), also known as orosomucoid, is an acute-phase protein that has been found increased in plasma of cancer patients. This study investigates the role of AGP expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and its association with clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the correlation between AGP levels and the prognosis of ccRCC through an analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. To examine AGP expression and its clinicopathological associations, immunostaining was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue samples of 92 ccRCC cases. RESULTS AGP expression was found to be higher in RCC cell lines compared to normal renal epithelial cells. Analysis of the TCGA dataset showed that patients with AGP gene expression had significantly worse overall survival. However, AGP expression was not correlated with age, sex, or cancer stage. A mouse monoclonal antibody against AGP was generated. This antibody reacted with human and mouse hepatocytes, but not in AGP-deficient mice. From 92 examined ccRCC cases, AGP protein expression was detected in 89 cases, with only 3 being negative. AGP expression levels did not correlate with clinicopathological factors, such as age, tumor size, or nuclear grade. CD14, a receptor of AGP, was found to be expressed in Iba1-positive monocytes and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) but not in other cell types like lymphocytes or cancer cells. No significant correlation was found between AGP expression and the number of Iba1-positive cells in ccRCC tissues. Iba1-positive cells were correlated with Fuhrman grade, and patients with ≥30% Iba1-positive cells were, on average, significantly younger and had more aggressive tumor. CONCLUSION AGP expression is linked to poorer survival in ccRCC, but its association with immune cell infiltration (via Iba1-positive cells) is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Ezaki
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiromu Yano
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Cheng Pan
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toshiki Anami
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Ibe
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Youjiro Ozaki
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nishizawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takanobu Motoshima
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Junji Yatsuda
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toru Takeo
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kamba
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan;
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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