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Dixit B, Vranken W, Ghysels A. Conformational dynamics of α-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) in cancer: A comparative study of glycosylated and unglycosylated AGP. Proteins 2024; 92:246-264. [PMID: 37837263 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
α-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) is one of the most abundant plasma proteins. It fulfills two important functions: immunomodulation, and binding to various drugs and receptors. These different functions are closely associated and modulated via changes in glycosylation and cancer missense mutations. From a structural point of view, glycans alter the local biophysical properties of the protein leading to a diverse ligand-binding spectrum. However, glycans can typically not be observed in the resolved X-ray crystallography structure of AGP due to their high flexibility and microheterogeneity, so limiting our understanding of AGP's conformational dynamics 70 years after its discovery. We here investigate how mutations and glycosylation interfere with AGP's conformational dynamics changing its biophysical behavior, by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and sequence-based dynamics predictions. The MD trajectories show that glycosylation decreases the local backbone flexibility of AGP and increases the flexibility of distant regions through allosteric effects. We observe that mutations near the glycosylation site affect glycan's conformational preferences. Thus, we conclude that mutations control glycan dynamics which modulates the protein's backbone flexibility directly affecting its accessibility. These findings may assist in the drug design targeting AGP's glycosylation and mutations in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Dixit
- IBiTech-BioMMeda Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, ULB-VUB, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wim Vranken
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, ULB-VUB, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - An Ghysels
- IBiTech-BioMMeda Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Martin-Fernandez L, Garcia-Martínez I, Lopez S, Martinez-Perez A, Vilalta N, Plaza M, Moret C, Viñuela A, Brown AA, Panousis NI, Buil A, Dermitzakis ET, Corrales I, Souto JC, Vidal F, Soria JM. Multiallelic Copy Number Variation in ORM1 is Associated with Plasma Cell-Free DNA Levels as an Intermediate Phenotype for Venous Thromboembolism. Thromb Haemost 2023; 123:438-452. [PMID: 36696913 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1760844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common disease with high heritability. However, only a small portion of the genetic variance of VTE can be explained by known genetic risk factors. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been associated with prothrombotic activity. Therefore, the genetic basis of NETs could reveal novel risk factors for VTE. A recent genome-wide association study of plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels in the Genetic Analysis of Idiopathic Thrombophilia 2 (GAIT-2) Project showed a significant associated locus near ORM1. We aimed to further explore this candidate region by next-generation sequencing, copy number variation (CNV) quantification, and expression analysis using an extreme phenotype sampling design involving 80 individuals from the GAIT-2 Project. The RETROVE study with 400 VTE cases and 400 controls was used to replicate the results. A total of 105 genetic variants and a multiallelic CNV (mCNV) spanning ORM1 were identified in GAIT-2. Of these, 17 independent common variants, a region of 22 rare variants, and the mCNV were significantly associated with cfDNA levels. In addition, eight of these common variants and the mCNV influenced ORM1 expression. The association of the mCNV and cfDNA levels was replicated in RETROVE (p-value = 1.19 × 10-6). Additional associations between the mCNV and thrombin generation parameters were identified. Our results reveal that increased mCNV dosages in ORM1 decreased gene expression and upregulated cfDNA levels. Therefore, the mCNV in ORM1 appears to be a novel marker for cfDNA levels, which could contribute to VTE risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martin-Fernandez
- Genomics of Complex Diseases Unit, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Congenital Coagulopathies Laboratory, Blood and Tissue Bank, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundación Española de Trombosis y Hemostasia (FETH), Madrid, Spain
- Transfusional Medicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iris Garcia-Martínez
- Congenital Coagulopathies Laboratory, Blood and Tissue Bank, Barcelona, Spain
- Transfusional Medicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Lopez
- Genomics of Complex Diseases Unit, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel Martinez-Perez
- Genomics of Complex Diseases Unit, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noelia Vilalta
- Hemostasis and Thrombosis Unit, Department of Hematology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melania Plaza
- Hemostasis and Thrombosis Unit, Department of Hematology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Moret
- Hemostasis and Thrombosis Unit, Department of Hematology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Viñuela
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew A Brown
- Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaos I Panousis
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, South Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alfonso Buil
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Sct. Hans Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Irene Corrales
- Congenital Coagulopathies Laboratory, Blood and Tissue Bank, Barcelona, Spain
- Transfusional Medicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Souto
- Hemostasis and Thrombosis Unit, Department of Hematology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Vidal
- Congenital Coagulopathies Laboratory, Blood and Tissue Bank, Barcelona, Spain
- Transfusional Medicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Soria
- Genomics of Complex Diseases Unit, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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Goto N, Shibutani S, Miura N, Watanabe R, Iwata H. Thapsigargin suppresses alpha 1-acid glycoprotein secretion independently of N-glycosylation and ER stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 552:30-36. [PMID: 33740662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) is a major acute-phase protein that is involved in drug/ligand binding and regulation of immune response. In response to inflammation, AGP secretion from the liver increases, resulting in elevated concentration of plasma AGP. AGP exhibits multiple N-glycosylation sites, and thus, is highly glycosylated. Although AGP glycosylation is considered to affect its functions, the significance of AGP glycosylation for its secretion is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of AGP glycosylation using glycosylation-deficient mouse AGP mutants lacking one, four, or all five N-glycosylation sites. Furthermore, we examined the effects of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducing reagents, including tunicamycin and thapsigargin, which induce ER stress in an N-glycosylation-dependent and -independent manner, respectively. Here, we found that glycosylation deficiency and ER stress induce a little or no effect on AGP secretion. Conversely, thapsigargin significantly suppressed AGP secretion in glycosylation-independent manner. These findings indicate that AGP secretion is regulated via thapsigargin-sensitive pathway that might be further controlled by the intracellular calcium concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Goto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Shusaku Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Noboru Miura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Rie Watanabe
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Iwata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
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4
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Barros ER, Rigalli JP, Tapia-Castillo A, Vecchiola A, Young MJ, Hoenderop JGJ, Bindels RJM, Fardella CE, Carvajal CA. Proteomic Profile of Urinary Extracellular Vesicles Identifies AGP1 as a Potential Biomarker of Primary Aldosteronism. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6134351. [PMID: 33580265 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Primary aldosteronism (PA) represents 6% to 10% of all essential hypertension patients and is diagnosed using the aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) and confirmatory studies. The complexity of PA diagnosis encourages the identification of novel PA biomarkers. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are a potential source of biomarkers, considering that their cargo reflects the content of the parent cell. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the proteome of uEVs from PA patients and identify potential biomarker candidates for PA. METHODS Second morning spot urine was collected from healthy controls (n = 8) and PA patients (n = 7). The uEVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized. Proteomic analysis on uEVs was performed using LC-MS Orbitrap. RESULTS Isolated uEVs carried extracellular vesicle markers, showed a round shape and sizes between 50 and 150 nm. The concentration of uEVs showed a direct correlation with urinary creatinine (r = 0.6357; P = 0.0128). The uEV size mean (167 ± 6 vs 183 ± 4nm) and mode (137 ± 7 vs 171 ± 11nm) was significantly smaller in PA patients than in control subjects, but similar in concentration. Proteomic analysis of uEVs from PA patients identified an upregulation of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (AGP1) in PA uEVs, which was confirmed using immunoblot. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.92 (0.82 to 1; P = 0.0055). CONCLUSION Proteomic and further immunoblot analyses of uEVs highlights AGP1 as potential biomarker for PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Barros
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Center for Translational Research in Endocrinology (CETREN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Rigalli
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandra Tapia-Castillo
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Translational Research in Endocrinology (CETREN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII-ICM), Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Vecchiola
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Translational Research in Endocrinology (CETREN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII-ICM), Santiago, Chile
| | - Morag J Young
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joost G J Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - René J M Bindels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos E Fardella
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Translational Research in Endocrinology (CETREN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII-ICM), Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian A Carvajal
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Translational Research in Endocrinology (CETREN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII-ICM), Santiago, Chile
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Alsiyabi A, Solis AG, Cahoon EB, Saha R. Dissecting the regulatory roles of ORM proteins in the sphingolipid pathway of plants. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008284. [PMID: 33507896 PMCID: PMC7872301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a vital component of plant cellular endomembranes and carry out multiple functional and regulatory roles. Different sphingolipid species confer rigidity to the membrane structure, facilitate trafficking of secretory proteins, and initiate programmed cell death. Although the regulation of the sphingolipid pathway is yet to be uncovered, increasing evidence has pointed to orosomucoid proteins (ORMs) playing a major regulatory role and potentially interacting with a number of components in the pathway, including both enzymes and sphingolipids. However, experimental exploration of new regulatory interactions is time consuming and often infeasible. In this work, a computational approach was taken to address this challenge. A metabolic network of the sphingolipid pathway in plants was reconstructed. The steady-state rates of reactions in the network were then determined through measurements of growth and cellular composition of the different sphingolipids in Arabidopsis seedlings. The Ensemble modeling framework was modified to accurately account for activation mechanisms and subsequently used to generate sets of kinetic parameters that converge to the measured steady-state fluxes in a thermodynamically consistent manner. In addition, the framework was appended with an additional module to automate screening the parameters and to output models consistent with previously reported network responses to different perturbations. By analyzing the network's response in the presence of different combinations of regulatory mechanisms, the model captured the experimentally observed repressive effect of ORMs on serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). Furthermore, predictions point to a second regulatory role of ORM proteins, namely as an activator of class II (or LOH1 and LOH3) ceramide synthases. This activating role was found to be modulated by the concentration of free ceramides, where an accumulation of these sphingolipid species dampened the activating effect of ORMs on ceramide synthase. The predictions pave the way for future guided experiments and have implications in engineering crops with higher biotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Alsiyabi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Ariadna Gonzalez Solis
- Center for Plant Science Innovation & Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Edgar B. Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation & Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Rajib Saha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
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6
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Zhou Q, Andersson R, Hu D, Bauden M, Sasor A, Bygott T, PawŁowski K, Pla I, Marko-Varga G, Ansari D. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 is upregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and confers a poor prognosis. Transl Res 2019; 212:67-79. [PMID: 31295437 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy that carries a high mortality rate. A major contributor to the poor outcome is the lack of effective molecular markers. The purpose of this study was to develop protein markers for improved prognostication and noninvasive diagnosis. A mass spectrometry (MS)-based discovery approach was applied to pancreatic cancer tissues and healthy pancreas. In the verification phase, extracellular proteins with differential expression were further quantified in targeted mode using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). Next, a tissue microarray (TMA) cohort including 140 pancreatic cancer resection specimens was constructed, in order to validate protein expression status and investigate potential prognostic implications. The levels of protein candidates were finally assessed in a prospective series of 110 serum samples in an accredited clinical laboratory using the automated Cobas system. Protein sequencing with nanoliquid chromatography tandem MS (nano-LC-MS/MS) and targeted PRM identified alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (AGP1) as an upregulated protein in pancreatic cancer tissue. Using TMA and immunohistochemistry, AGP1 expression was significantly associated with shorter overall survival (HR = 2.22; 95% CI 1.30-3.79, P = 0.004). Multivariable analysis confirmed the results (HR = 1.87; 95% CI 1.08-3.24, P = 0.026). Circulating levels of AGP1 yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.837 for the discrimination of resectable pancreatic cancer from healthy controls. Combining AGP1 with CA 19-9 enhanced the diagnostic performance, with an AUC of 0.963. This study suggests that AGP1 is a novel prognostic biomarker in pancreatic cancer tissue. Serum AGP1 levels may be useful as part of a biomarker panel for early detection of pancreatic cancer but further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimin Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Roland Andersson
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Dingyuan Hu
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Monika Bauden
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Agata Sasor
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, Labmedicin Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Krzysztof PawŁowski
- Department of Experimental Design and Bioinformatics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Indira Pla
- Clinical Protein Science and Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - György Marko-Varga
- Clinical Protein Science and Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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Fischer A, Abdollahi‐Roodsaz S, Böhm C, Niederreiter B, Meyer B, Yau ACY, Lönnblom E, Joosten LAB, Koenders M, Lehmann CHK, Dudziak D, Krönke G, Holmdahl R, Steiner G. The involvement of Toll-like receptor 9 in the pathogenesis of erosive autoimmune arthritis. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4399-4409. [PMID: 29992753 PMCID: PMC6111819 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous nucleic acids and their receptors may be involved in the initiation of systemic autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). As the role of the DNA sensing Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 in RA is unclear, we aimed to investigate its involvement in the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis using three different experimental models of RA. The data obtained revealed involvement of TLR9 in the T cell-dependent phase of inflammatory arthritis. In rats with pristane-induced arthritis (PIA), TLR9 inhibition before disease onset reduced arthritis significantly and almost completely abolished bone erosion. Accordingly, serum levels of IL-6, α-1-acid-glycoprotein and rheumatoid factor were reduced. Moreover, in TLR9-/- mice, streptococcal cell wall (SCW)-induced arthritis was reduced in the T cell-dependent phase, whereas T cell-independent serum-transfer arthritis was not affected. Remarkably, while TLR7 expression did not change during in vitro osteoclastogenesis, TLR9 expression was higher in precursor cells than in mature osteoclasts and partial inhibition of osteoclastogenesis was achieved only by the TLR9 antagonist. These results demonstrate a pivotal role for TLR9 in the T cell-dependent phases of inflammatory arthritis and additionally suggest some role during osteoclastogenesis. Hence, endogenous DNA seems to be crucially involved in the pathophysiology of inflammatory autoimmune arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Fischer
- Division of RheumatologyInternal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Shahla Abdollahi‐Roodsaz
- Department of RheumatologyRadboud University Nijmegen Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Division of RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Christina Böhm
- Division of RheumatologyInternal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Birgit Niederreiter
- Division of RheumatologyInternal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Brigitte Meyer
- Division of RheumatologyInternal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Anthony C. Y. Yau
- Medical Inflammation ResearchDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Erik Lönnblom
- Medical Inflammation ResearchDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Leo A. B. Joosten
- Department of RheumatologyRadboud University Nijmegen Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Marije Koenders
- Department of RheumatologyRadboud University Nijmegen Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Christian H. K. Lehmann
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander University of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander University of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 ‐ Rheumatology and ImmunologyFriedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)ErlangenGermany
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Medical Inflammation ResearchDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Günter Steiner
- Division of RheumatologyInternal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Arthritis and RehabilitationViennaAustria
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8
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Caperna TJ, Shannon AE, Stoll M, Blomberg LA, Ramsay TG. Regulation of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein synthesis by porcine hepatocytes in monolayer culture. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2015; 52:51-9. [PMID: 25839994 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP, orosomucoid, ORM-1) is a highly glycosylated mammalian acute-phase protein, which is synthesized primarily in the liver and represents the major serum protein in newborn pigs. Recent data have suggested that the pig is unique in that AGP is a negative acute-phase protein in this species, and its circulating concentration appears to be associated with growth rate. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the regulation of AGP synthesis in hepatocytes prepared from suckling piglets and to provide a framework to compare its regulation with that of haptoglobin (HP), a positive acute-phase protein. Hepatocytes were isolated from preweaned piglets and maintained in serum-free monolayer culture for up to 72 h. The influences of hormones, cytokines, and redox modifiers on the expression and secretion of AGP and HP were determined by relative polymerase chain reaction and by measuring the concentration of each protein secreted into culture medium. The messenger RNA abundance and/or secretion of AGP protein was enhanced by interleukin (IL)-17a, IL-1, and resveratrol and inhibited by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF), oncostatin M, and thyroid hormone (P < 0.05). HP expression and synthesis were upregulated by oncostatin M, IL-6, and dexamethasone and downregulated by TNF (P < 0.01). The overall messenger RNA expression at 24 h was in agreement with the secreted protein patterns confirming that control of these proteins in hepatocytes is largely transcriptional. Moreover, these data support the consideration that AGP is a negative acute-phase reactant and appears to be regulated by cytokines (with the exception of TNF) and hormones primarily in a manner opposite to that of the positive acute-phase protein, HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Caperna
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - A E Shannon
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - M Stoll
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - L A Blomberg
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - T G Ramsay
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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9
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Nakamura O, Watabe Y, Matsumoto N, Takasugi O, Watanabe A, Tsutsui S. Localization and possible function of nrF-AGP, an alpha-1-acid glycoprotein-like protein in viviparous fish Neoditrema ransonnetii (Perciformes, Embiotocidae). Fish Physiol Biochem 2014; 40:1907-1915. [PMID: 25366673 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-9978-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The nrF-AGP, a 51-kDa acidic glycoprotein found in surfperch (Neoditrema ransonnetii; Perciformes, Embiotocidae), is a member of the lipocalin superfamily. nrF-AGP is the major component in ovarian cavity fluid (OCF), but not in plasma of pregnant females, which suggests its potential relevance in pregnancy. However, its production in the liver, irrespective of reproductive cycle and sex, indicates that the protein also has physiological functions other than its contribution to reproduction. In the present study, Western blot analysis indicated that this protein is widely distributed in the cutaneous and intestinal mucosa, bile, and abdominal adipose tissue of fish, as well as plasma and OCF. Immunohistochemical staining of nrF-AGP was observed in hepatocytes, adipocytes, pancreatic cells, epidermal cells, and epithelial cells of ovigerous lamellae. Transcripts were detected in adipose tissue as well as hepatocytes by reverse transcription PCR analysis. This broad distribution of nrF-AGP suggests that this protein participates in various biological processes through its ability to bind to hydrophobes. After administration of biotinylated F-AGP into the ovarian cavity, the protein was detected in the cytoplasm of the intestinal epithelial cells of the fetus within 4 h. This suggests that nrF-AGP in the ovarian cavity acts as a transporter delivering maternal resources to the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Nakamura
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan,
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Chueasiri C, Chunthong K, Pitnjam K, Chakhonkaen S, Sangarwut N, Sangsawang K, Suksangpanomrung M, Michaelson LV, Napier JA, Muangprom A. Rice ORMDL controls sphingolipid homeostasis affecting fertility resulting from abnormal pollen development. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106386. [PMID: 25192280 PMCID: PMC4156325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The orosomucoids (ORM) are ER-resisdent polypeptides encoded by ORM and ORMDL (ORM-like) genes. In humans, ORMDL3 was reported as genetic risk factor associated to asthma. In yeast, ORM proteins act as negative regulators of sphingolipid synthesis. Sphingolipids are important molecules regulating several processes including stress responses and apoptosis. However, the function of ORM/ORMDL genes in plants has not yet been reported. Previously, we found that temperature sensitive genetic male sterility (TGMS) rice lines controlled by tms2 contain a deletion of about 70 kb in chromosome 7. We identified four genes expressed in panicles, including an ORMDL ortholog, as candidates for tms2. In this report, we quantified expression of the only two candidate genes normally expressed in anthers of wild type plants grown in controlled growth rooms for fertile and sterile conditions. We found that only the ORMDL gene (LOC_Os07g26940) showed differential expression under these conditions. To better understand the function of rice ORMDL genes, we generated RNAi transgenic rice plants suppressing either LOC_Os07g26940, or all three ORMDL genes present in rice. We found that the RNAi transgenic plants with low expression of either LOC_Os07g26940 alone or all three ORMDL genes were sterile, having abnormal pollen morphology and staining. In addition, we found that both sphingolipid metabolism and expression of genes involved in sphingolipid synthesis were perturbed in the tms2 mutant, analogous to the role of ORMs in yeast. Our results indicated that plant ORMDL proteins influence sphingolipid homeostasis, and deletion of this gene affected fertility resulting from abnormal pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutharat Chueasiri
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Ketsuwan Chunthong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Keasinee Pitnjam
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Sriprapai Chakhonkaen
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Numphet Sangarwut
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Kanidta Sangsawang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Malinee Suksangpanomrung
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Louise V. Michaelson
- Biological Chemistry Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Johnathan A. Napier
- Biological Chemistry Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Amorntip Muangprom
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
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Maslak HS, Kostiuk OV, Minchenko DO, Brazaluk OZ, Shevtsova AI, Minchenko OH. [Glycoprotein sialylation and NEU1 and ST6GAL1 expressions in erythremia]. Fiziol Zh (1994) 2014; 60:14-22. [PMID: 25566667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We studied the levels of lymphocyte surface-associated sialylglycans and the expression of neuraminidase NEU1 and sialyltransferase ST6GAL1 genes in lymphocytes in erythremia patients and healthy donors as well as the levels of sialic acids in plasma and sialylation of alpha-acid glycoprotein and fibronectin. Moreover, we also investigated the type of sialic acids binding with its glycans using sialospecific lectins MAA and SNA. fibronectin protein in lymphocytes and its cell surface in erythremia disease as compared to healthy donors. It was shown that the levels of free sialic acids and neuraminidase activity in plasma are increased in erythremia disease as compared to healthy donors; however, MAA-II-binding activity of tested glycoproteins is decreased, fibronectin-1 mRNA expression in lymphocytes is increased in patients with erythremia. The decreasing of plasma fibronectin concentration and its heparin-binding activity as well as increasing of lymphocyte content with surface-associated and intracellular fibronectin were revealed in erythremia disease in comparison with healthy donors. Positive correlation between plasma fibronectin level and its heparin-binding activity and negative correlation between plasma fibronectin level and quantity of lymphocytes which express fibronectin inside the cell and on cell surface was detected. Enhanced levels of α2,3- and α2,6-linked residues of glycocojugates were detected on lymphocyte cell surface in erythremia disease using sialospecific lectins and flow cytometer as well as fluorescent confocal microscope. The level of NEU1 and ST6GAL1 mRNA expressions is significantly increased in lymphocytes in erythremia disease. Results of this study are clarified the mechanisms of disturbed in erythremia disease glycobiological processes and may therefore present new approaches for therapeutic opportunities.
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Porez G, Gross B, Prawitt J, Gheeraert C, Berrabah W, Alexandre J, Staels B, Lefebvre P. The hepatic orosomucoid/α1-acid glycoprotein gene cluster is regulated by the nuclear bile acid receptor FXR. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3690-701. [PMID: 23861371 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The α-1-acid glycoprotein/orosomucoids (ORMs) are members of the lipocalin protein family. Encoded by 3 polymorphic genes in mouse (2 in man, 1 in rat), ORMs are expressed in hepatocytes and function as acute-phase proteins secreted in plasma under stressful conditions. In addition to their role of nanocarrier, ORMs are involved in several pathophysiological processes such as immunosuppression, cardioprotection, and inflammatory bowel disease. The nuclear bile acid receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulates bile acid homeostasis and lipid and glucose metabolism and is an important modulator of enterohepatic functions. Here we report that hepatic FXR deletion in mice affects the expression of several members of the lipocalin family, among which ORMs are identified as direct FXR target genes. Indeed, a FXR response element upstream of the mouse Orm1 promoter was identified to which hepatic, but not ileal, FXR can bind and activate ORM expression in vitro and in vivo. However, ORMs are regulated in a species-specific manner because the ORM cluster is regulated by FXR neither in human nor rat cell lines. Consistent with these data, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis of the FXR genomic binding sites did not detect any FXR response element in the vicinity of the human or rat ORM gene cluster. Thus, bile acids and their cognate nuclear receptor, FXR, are regulators of ORM expression, with potential implications for the species-specific metabolic and inflammation control by FXR because the expression of the proinflammatory genes in epididymal white adipose tissue was dependent on liver FXR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Porez
- PhD, Director, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Atherosclerosis, Boulevard Du Pr Leclerc, Batiment J&K, Faclte De Medecine De Lille, Lille 59000, France.
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Gravez B, Tarjus A, Jimenez-Canino R, El Moghrabi S, Messaoudi S, de la Rosa DA, Jaisser F. The diuretic torasemide does not prevent aldosterone-mediated mineralocorticoid receptor activation in cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73737. [PMID: 24040049 PMCID: PMC3767808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone binds to the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and exerts pleiotropic effects beyond enhancing renal sodium reabsorption. Excessive mineralocorticoid signaling is deleterious during the evolution of cardiac failure, as evidenced by the benefits provided by adding MR antagonists (MRA) to standard care in humans. In animal models of cardiovascular diseases, MRA reduce cardiac fibrosis. Interestingly diuretics such as torasemide also appear efficient to improve cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, through several mechanisms. Among them, it has been suggested that torasemide could block aldosterone binding to the MR. To evaluate whether torasemide acts as a MRA in cardiomyocytes, we compared its effects with a classic MRA such as spironolactone. We monitored ligand-induced nuclear translocation of MR-GFP and MR transactivation activity in the cardiac-like cell line H9C2 using a reporter gene assay and known endogenous aldosterone-regulated cardiac genes. Torasemide did not modify MR nuclear translocation. Aldosterone-induced MR transactivation activity was reduced by the MRA spironolactone, not by torasemide. Spironolactone blocked the induction by aldosterone of endogenous MR-responsive genes (Sgk-1, PAI-1, Orosomucoid-1, Rgs-2, Serpina-3, Tenascin-X), while torasemide was ineffective. These results show that torasemide is not an MR antagonist; its association with MRA in heart failure may however be beneficial, through actions on complementary pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basile Gravez
- INSERM Unité 872, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Tarjus
- INSERM Unité 872, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Ruben Jimenez-Canino
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Soumaya El Moghrabi
- INSERM Unité 872, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Smail Messaoudi
- INSERM Unité 872, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Diego Alvarez de la Rosa
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Frederic Jaisser
- INSERM Unité 872, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Centre d’ Investigation Clinique, Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brabois, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- * E-mail:
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Chen WQ, Shu Y, Li Q, Xu LY, Roederer MW, Fan L, Wu LX, He FZ, Luo JQ, Tan ZR, He YJ, Zhou HH, Chen X, Zhang W. Polymorphism of ORM1 is associated with the pharmacokinetics of telmisartan. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70341. [PMID: 23940561 PMCID: PMC3734062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs) of telmisartan varies among the individuals, and the main causes remain unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of ORM1, as well as ABCC2, ABCB1, ABCG2 and SLCO1B3 polymorphisms, on the disposition of the drug and BP change after taking 40 mg telmisartan in 48 healthy Chinese males. METHOD A total of 48 healthy males were included in this trial. Every volunteer ingested a single dose of 40 mg telmisartan, and the plasma drug concentration and blood pressure (BP) were measured up to 48 h. RESULT In this study, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) in the heterozygotes of ORM1 113AG was higher than that in the wild-type homozygotes, AUC(0-48) (113AA vs. 113AG, 1,549.18±859.84 ng·h/ml vs. 2,313.54±1,257.71 ng·h/ml, P = 0.033), AUC(0-∞) (113AA vs. 113AG, 1,753.13±1,060.60 ng·h/ml vs. 2,686.90±1,401.87 ng·h/ml, P = 0.016), and the change(%) of the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) from the baseline BP value also showed a significant difference between the ORM1 113AG and 113AA genotypes at 5 h after taking telmisartan (P = 0.026). This study also showed that the allele of ABCC2 C3972T would affected the disposition of telmsiartan and the DBP change significantly after taking the drug. However, the common SNPs of ABCG2 C421, ABCB1 C3435T, and SLCO1B3 T334G showed no impacts on the PKs of telmisartan or BP change(%) in our trial. CONCLUSION The ORM1 A113G polymorphism was associated with the PKs variability after taking telmsiartan, as well as ABCC2 C3972T. The heterozygotes of ORM1 113AG showed a larger AUC and a notable BP change(%) from the baseline compared with the wild-type. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-TNC-10000898.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Qing Chen
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. C
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Qing Li
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. C
| | - Lin-Yong Xu
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. C
| | - Mary W. Roederer
- Institute of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lan Fan
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. C
| | - Lan-Xiang Wu
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. C
| | - Fa-Zhong He
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. C
| | - Jian-Quan Luo
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. C
| | - Zhi-Rong Tan
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. C
| | - Yi-Jing He
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. C
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. C
| | - Xiang Chen
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. C
| | - Wei Zhang
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. C
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Heegaard PMH, Miller I, Sorensen NS, Soerensen KE, Skovgaard K. Pig α1-acid glycoprotein: characterization and first description in any species as a negative acute phase protein. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68110. [PMID: 23844161 PMCID: PMC3699587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The serum protein α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), also known as orosomucoid, is generally described as an archetypical positive acute phase protein. Here, porcine AGP was identified, purified and characterized from pooled pig serum. It was found to circulate as a single chain glycoprotein having an apparent molecular weight of 43 kDa by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions, of which approximately 17 kDa were accounted for by N-bound oligosaccharides. Those data correspond well with the properties of the protein predicted from the single porcine AGP gene (ORM1, Q29014 (UniProt)), containing 5 putative glycosylation sites. A monoclonal antibody (MAb) was produced and shown to quantitatively and specifically react with all microheterogenous forms of pig AGP as analyzed by 2-D electrophoresis. This MAb was used to develop an immunoassay (ELISA) for quantification of AGP in pig serum samples. The adult serum concentrations of pig AGP were in the range of 1-3 mg/ml in a number of conventional pig breeds while it was lower in Göttingen and Ossabaw minipigs (in the 0.3 to 0.6 mg/ml range) and higher in young (2-5 days old) conventional pigs (mean: 6.6 mg/ml). Surprisingly, pig AGP was found to behave as a negative acute phase protein during a range of experimental infections and aseptic inflammation with significant decreases in serum concentration and in hepatic ORM1 expression during the acute phase response. To our knowledge this is the first description in any species of AGP being a negative acute phase protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M H Heegaard
- Innate Immunology Group, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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Alfadda AA, Fatma S, Chishti MA, Al-Naami MY, Elawad R, Mendoza CDO, Jo H, Lee YS. Orosomucoid serum concentrations and fat depot-specific mRNA and protein expression in humans. Mol Cells 2012; 33:35-41. [PMID: 22134720 PMCID: PMC3887744 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-2181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, which contributes to systemic metabolic irregularities and obesity-linked metabolic disorders. Orosomucoid (ORM), an acute phase reactant protein, was shown to be produced in response to metabolic and inflammatory signals in the adipose tissue of obese mice, which protects them from severe inflammation and subsequent metabolic dysfunction. In this study, we examined whether there are site-specific differences between visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT and SAT, respectively) ORM gene and protein expression from individuals with a wide range of obesity and the relationship between expressed and circulating ORM levels and measures of adiposity, insulin resistance, and pro- and anti-inflammatory markers and adipokines. The level of circulating ORM correlated positively with BMI, body fat mass, and serum leptin. It also correlated with fasting insulin, HOMA-IR values and C-reactive protein in men. There were no site-specific differences in ORM mRNA and protein expression between VAT and SAT, nor did we find a relationship between circulating ORM levels and its mRNA expression in either fat depot. We found that ORM mRNA expression correlated with mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and adiponectin in VAT, and with TNF-α and adiponectin in SAT. These observations are the first description linking adipose tissue ORM and pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules in humans. The close links of ORM and measures of adiposity, insulin resistance, and adipose tissue inflammation in humans reinforce previous experimental data and warrant further studies to explore a possible role of ORM in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated metabolic derangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assim A Alfadda
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Zhuang LL, Zhou GP. [The research advancement on asthmatic predisposing gene orosomucoid 1-like protein 3]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2011; 34:302-304. [PMID: 21609617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Irmak S, Oliveira-Ferrer L, Singer BB, Ergün S, Tilki D. Pro-angiogenic properties of orosomucoid (ORM). Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:3201-9. [PMID: 19651122 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The acute phase protein orosomucoid (ORM), also known as alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), is found to be increased in infection, inflammation and cancer. Recently, we demonstrated that ORM is produced by endothelial cells and detectable in urine samples of patients with bladder cancer. However, it was not clarified yet whether ORM plays a role in new vessel formation. To this aim we performed overexpression and gene silencing for ORM in human microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs). ORM purified from human plasma was used individually or in combination with VEGF-A in endothelial tube formation, migration and proliferation assay. The in vivo effect of ORM in angiogenesis was studied using the chicken chorionallantois membrane (CAM) with subsequent counting of blood vessels on histological sections from the stimulated areas of CAM tissue. Our data show that ORM alone enhances migration but not proliferation of HDMECs. ORM alone does not induce endothelial tubes in vitro but simultaneous application of ORM with VEGF-A increases the number and the network of VEGF-A-induced endothelial tubes. Remarkably, ORM alone induces new vessel formation in vivo using CAM assay and supports the VEGF-A-induced new vessel formation in this assay. Taken together, our results let assume that ORM has pro-angiogenic properties and supports the angiogenic effect of VEGF-A. Thus, ORM seems to be involved in the regulation of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ster Irmak
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45147 Essen, Germany
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Vernooy JHJ, Reynaert N, Wolfs TGAM, Cloots RHE, Haegens A, de Vries B, Dentener MA, Buurman WA, Wouters EM. RAPID PULMONARY EXPRESSION OF ACUTE-PHASE REACTANTS AFTER LOCAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE EXPOSURE IN MICE IS FOLLOWED BY AN INTERLEUKIN-6 MEDIATED SYSTEMIC ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE. Exp Lung Res 2009; 31:855-71. [PMID: 16684717 DOI: 10.1080/01902140600611645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated local and systemic innate immune responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammation in mice. Intratracheal LPS exposure resulted in increased pulmonary mRNA expression for acute-phase reactants (APRs) alpha(1)-antitrypsin (alpha(1)-AT), alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP), and LPS-binding protein (LBP) from 4 hours post exposure. Although pulmonary serum amyloid P component (SAP) mRNA was not increased, systemic levels of SAP, AGP, and LBP were elevated from 24 hours post exposure. Systemic APRs increase was associated with hepatic mRNA expression. As in vivo neutralization of interleukin (IL)-6, but not tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, fully ablated hepatic APR mRNA expression, IL-6 may act as signaling molecule between lung and liver. In conclusion, pulmonary LPS exposure induced rapid APR expression in lung, which precedes IL-6-mediated systemic elevation of APRs associated with hepatic APRs expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanita H J Vernooy
- Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Machnes Z, Avtalion R, Shirak A, Trombka D, Wides R, Fellous M, Don J. Male-specific protein (MSP): a new gene linked to sexual behavior and aggressiveness of tilapia males. Horm Behav 2008; 54:442-9. [PMID: 18534590 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2007] [Revised: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 03/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
MSP is a male-specific protein initially identified in the serum of sexually active Sarotherodon galilaeus males, and is shown herein to be present in the serum of sexually mature males, but not females, of three other tilapia species. Cloning of the MSP cDNA and analysis of its predicted amino-acid sequence revealed that it is an outlier lipocalin that contains a signal peptide in its N-terminal region. The abundance of highly homologous sequences found in fish and the monophyletic relationship to tetrapod Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) places it as a clade XII lipocalin. MSP was shown to undergo major N-glycosylation, characteristic of many lipocalins. The expression pattern of MSP, as determined at both the RNA and protein levels, points to the liver, head kidney and testis as production tissues, and resembles a pattern typical of some hormones. We found that MSP is secreted in urine and seminal fluids, and is present in the skin mucus of socially dominant males. Moreover, we discovered a positive correlation between MSP levels in the serum and the dominance and aggressive behavior displayed by socially dominant males. Based on these data, we suggest that MSP is a novel male-specific lipocalin that may function in intra and inter-sex communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Machnes
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel
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Ivanović-Matić S, Poznanović G, Grigorov I, Dinić S, Mihailović M, Grdović N, Uskoković A, Martinović V, Arambasić J, Petrović M, Bogojević D. The organophosphate-induced acute-phase response is characterized by synthesis of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein that exhibits an immunomodulatory effect. J Appl Toxicol 2008; 28:63-71. [PMID: 17497759 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The organophosphorus compounds soman and paraoxon induce the acute-phase (AP) response. All phases of the AP response, from macrophage activation and stimulation of glucocorticoid secretion to AP protein expression appear to be under the control of similar molecular mechanisms to those during the turpentine-induced AP response. The AP protein content in the circulation 24 h after either soman, paraoxon or turpentine administration was injury-specific. Both soman and paraoxon poisoning were characterized by significantly increased synthesis of alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP) that displayed an immunomodulatory effect in vitro. This result suggests that after organophosphate poisoning AGP participates in vivo in a negative feedback mechanism that prevents over-activity of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Ivanović-Matić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
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22
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Zhang C, Tu ZL, Wang QB, Cheng XL, Zhang PH. [Influence of ORM1 polymorphism on serum concentration of free nortriptyline]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2007; 42:843-848. [PMID: 17944232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To study the effect of alpha1-acid glycoprotein 1 (ORM1) polymorphism on the concentration of free nortriptyline in serum, genotyping analysis was employed in ORM1 by sequencing. Eighteen unrelated male adults were chosen and given a single dose of 25 mg nortriptyline orally, then the blood samples were taken at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 32, 48, 72, 96 and 168 hours after drug administration. Nortriptyline and 10-OH-nortriptyline in serum and ultrafiltrate were detected for the total and free concentration by using HPLC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters were compared among different ORM1 genotypes. No significant differences were shown in the pharmacokinetic parameters of total nortriptyline and 10-OH-nortriptyline. The mean AUC(0-infinity) of free nortritpyline in ORM1 * F/ * F1 subjects was significantly higher than that in ORM1 * F1/ * S and ORM1 * S/ * S subjects [(119.1 +/- 74.4) ng x mL(-1) x h vs (51.4 +/- 23.2) ng x mL(-1) x h and (42.4 +/- 11.6) ng x mL(-1) x h]. The percentage of protein binding in subjects with ORM1 * F1/ * F1 genotype at 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h after administration was slightly lower than in those with ORM1 * F1/ * S and ORM1 * S/ * S genotypes while the distinct difference was shown at 4 h (P < 0.05). Different ORM1 genotypes might affect the protein binding percentage and the concentration of serum free nortriptyline. The ability binding to the drug was higher in subjects with ORM1 * S/ * S genotype than in those with other two genotypes, so as to cause the lower concentration of free nortriptyline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Zhang
- Yueyang Medical College, Shiyan 442000, China
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23
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Kino T, Boos TL, Sulima A, Siegel EM, Gold PW, Rice KC, Chrousos GP. 3-O-Formyl-20R,21-epoxyresibufogenin suppresses IL-6–type cytokine actions by targeting the glycoprotein 130 subunit: Potential clinical implications. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120:437-44. [PMID: 17451794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2006] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The multifunctional inflammatory cytokine IL-6 regulates the acute phase reaction and plays central roles in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disorders. OBJECTIVES Two small chemical compounds, 3-O-formyl-20R,21-epoxyresibufogenin (TB-2-081) and 3-O-formyl-20S,21-epoxyresibufogenin (TB-2-082), known isolates from the Chinese toad skin extract drug Ch'an Su, were synthesized and tested on the IL-6-induced hepatic acute-phase reaction. METHODS HepG2 cells or rat primary hepatocytes were incubated with the compounds, and the effects on IL-6-induced expression of acute-phase molecules were tested. RESULTS TB-2-081, and to a lesser extent TB-2-082, suppressed IL-6-induced alpha1-antichymotrypsin (AACT) mRNA expression in HepG2 cells, whereas TB-2-081 failed to influence the mRNA expression of the TNF-alpha-induced mRNA expression of the methionine adenosyltransferase 2A gene in these cells. TB-2-081 suppressed IL-6-induced mRNA expression of alpha1-acid glycoprotein, alpha2-macroglobulin, and beta-fibrinogen in and secretion of the C-reactive protein by rat primary hepatocytes. TB-2-081 shifted the IL-6 dose-response curve of the AACT mRNA expression right and downward and inhibited IL-6-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. In addition to IL-6, TB-2-081 inhibited IL-11-stimulated and oncostatin M-stimulated AACT mRNA expression independently of the IL-6 receptor subunit. The soluble glycoprotein 130, but not the soluble IL-6 receptor, antagonized TB-2-081-induced suppression of IL-6-stimulated AACT mRNA expression. CONCLUSION TB-2-081 inhibits IL-6-type cytokine action by attenuating the function of the common receptor subunit glycoprotein 130. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS This class of compounds may be beneficial for the treatment of diseases in which excessive circulation/production/action of IL-6-type cytokines play pathologic roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoshige Kino
- Pediatric Endocrinology Section, Reproductive Biology and Medicine Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Clinical Research Center, Bethesda, MD 20892-1109, USA.
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24
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Fitos I, Visy J, Zsila F, Mády G, Simonyi M. Conformation selectivity in the binding of diazepam and analogues to α1-acid glycoprotein. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:4857-62. [PMID: 17507228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2006] [Revised: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diazepam, a 1,4-benzodiazepine lacking chiral centre, exists in an equimolar mixture of two chiral conformers. Induced circular dichroism spectra for the binding of diazepam and its 3,3-dimethyl substituted analogues to alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) revealed that opposite to human serum albumin, AGP preferably binds the P-conformers. Accordingly, slightly favoured binding of (R)-enantiomers of 3-alkyl derivatives having P-conformation was found. In case of 3-acyloxy derivatives, however, AGP preferably binds the (S)-enantiomers. Studies with the separated genetic variants of AGP proved similar binding affinities, but markedly different conformation selectivities. For diazepam bound by the F1-S variant, a P/M selectivity of about 2 could be estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Fitos
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 17, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary.
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25
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Abstract
Warfarin is the most widely used oral anticoagulant in the world for patients with venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, chronic atrial fibrillation, and prosthetic heart valves. Approximately 30 genes contribute to therapeutic effects of warfarin, and genetic polymorphisms in these genes may modulate its anticoagulant activity. In contrast to monogenic pharmacogenetic traits, warfarin drug response is a polygenic trait, and development of diagnostic tools predictive of adverse reactions to warfarin requires a novel approach. A combination of two strategies, biochemical isolation of allelic variants and linkage disequilibrium association studies, was used to find an association between genetic polymorphisms in the candidate genes and warfarin response. A strong association was found between genetic polymorphisms in six genes, including VKORC1, CYP2C9, PROC, EPHX1, GGCX, and ORM1, and interindividual variability in the anticoagulant effect of warfarin; the strongest predictors were VKORC1 and CYP2C9. Generation of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based dense genetic maps made it possible to identify haplotypes associated with drugresponse phenotypes. Discrimination between haplotypes associated with warfarin dose phenotypes can be achieved by a limited set of informative polymorphisms (tag SNPs). The use of tag SNPs in pharmacogenomic analysis provides a promising tool for dissecting polygenic traits of drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Krynetskiy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA.
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26
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Zsila F, Iwao Y. The drug binding site of human α1-acid glycoprotein: Insight from induced circular dichroism and electronic absorption spectra. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2007; 1770:797-809. [PMID: 17321687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2006] [Revised: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP) is an important drug binding plasma protein which affects pharmacokinetical properties of various therapeutic agents. For the first time, interpretation of the induced circular dichroism (ICD) spectra of drug-AGP complexes is presented yielding valuable information on the protein binding environment. ICD spectra were obtained by novel ligands of which AGP induced optical activity have never been reported (primaquine, mefloquine, propranolol, terazosin, carbamazepine, rhodamine B) and by re-investigation of ICD spectra of protein-bound drugs published earlier (chlorpromazine, dipyridamole, prazosin). Spectroscopic features of the ICD and absorption bands of drugs combined with native AGP indicated chiral non-degenerate exciton coupling between the guest chromophore and the indole ring of an adjacent tryptophan (Trp) residue. Results of additional CD experiments performed by using recombinant AGP mutants showed no changes in the ligand binding ability of W122A in sharp contrast with the W25A which was unable to induce extrinsic CD signal with either ligand. Thus, these findings unequivocally prove that, likely via pi-pi stacking mechanism, Trp25 is essentially involved in the AGP binding of drugs studied here as well as of related compounds. Survey of the AGP binding data published in the literature support this conclusion. Our results provide a fast and efficient spectroscopic tool to determine the inclusion of ligand molecules into the beta-barrel cavity of AGP where the conserved Trp25 is located and might be useful in ligand-binding studies of other lipocalin proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Zsila
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Budapest, P.O. Box 17, H-1525, Hungary.
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27
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Hamaguchi I, Imai JI, Momose H, Kawamura M, Mizukami T, Kato H, Naito S, Maeyama JI, Masumi A, Kuramitsu M, Takizawa K, Mochizuki M, Ochiai M, Yamamoto A, Horiuchi Y, Nomura N, Watanabe S, Yamaguchi K. Two vaccine toxicity-related genes Agp and Hpx could prove useful for pertussis vaccine safety control. Vaccine 2007; 25:3355-64. [PMID: 17280746 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2006] [Revised: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 12/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Conventional animal tests such as leukocytosis promoting tests have been used for decades to evaluate toxicity of pertussis vaccine. Here, we examined gene expression in relation to the vaccine toxicity using a DNA microarray. Comparison of conventional animal test data with the DNA microarray-based gene expression data revealed a gene expression pattern highly correlated with leukocytosis in animals. Of 10,490 rat genes analyzed, two genes, alpha1-acid-glycoprotein (Agp) and hemopexin (Hpx), were found up-regulated by the toxin administration in a dose-dependent manner (assayed by a quantitative PCR based on the microarray). Variation of the gene expression was very small amongst the test animals, and the results were highly reproducible. These findings suggest that gene expression analysis of vaccine-treated animals can be used as an accurate and simple method of pertussis vaccine safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Hamaguchi
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
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28
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Abstract
Recent clinical studies demonstrated beneficial effects of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists in patients with heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood, and the genes that mediate direct effects of aldosterone in the cardiovascular system are yet to be identified. The goal of this study was to identify genes that are directly regulated by aldosterone in cardiomyocytes and thus potentially play a role in initiating MR-mediated effects in the heart. We generated clonal cell lines of cardiomyocytes (H9C2 cells) stably expressing the MR. Using these cell lines and Affymetrix microarrays, we determined the effects of physiological concentrations of aldosterone on the gene expression profile. In two independent microarrays we identified 48 genes that were induced more than 1.5-fold (27 known genes and 21 expressed sequence tags) and five (three known genes and two expressed sequence tags) that were suppressed by a 2-h aldosterone treatment. We focused on eight genes that have a potential function in cardiovascular regulation and verified their aldosterone regulation using quantitative RT-PCR. These include genes related to extracellular matrix regulation (tenascin-X, ADAMTS1, PAI-1, UPAR, and hyaluronic acid synthase-2), signaling, and regulation of vascular tone (RGS2, adrenomedullin) and inflammation (orosomucoid). Protein synthesis inhibitors did not prevent aldosterone induction of these genes. We conclude that in cardiomyocytes aldosterone rapidly and directly regulates the expression of several genes that are involved in cardiac remodeling and regulation of blood pressure and thus might be mediators of the physiological and pathophysiological effects of aldosterone on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géza Fejes-Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756-0001, USA.
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29
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Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications of proteins, and has been widely acknowledged as one of the most important ways to modulate both protein function and lifespan. The acute phase proteins are a major group of serum proteins whose concentration is altered during various pathophysiological conditions. The aim of this paper is to review the structure and functions of the alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP). AGP belongs to the subfamily of immunocalins, a group of binding proteins that also have immunomodulatory functions. One of the most interesting features of AGP is that its glycosylation microheterogeneity can be modified during diseases. This aspect is particularly remarkable, since both the immunomodulatory and the binding properties of AGP strongly depend on its carbohydrate composition. For these reasons, AGP can be considered an outstanding model for the study of glycan pattern modification during diseases. This review is focused on the most recent studies on the occurrence of different glycoforms in plasma and tissues and how the appearance of different oligosaccharide patterns during systemic inflammation or diseases can influence AGP's biological functions. The first part of the review will describe the structure of AGP and the several biological functions identified so far for this protein. The second part will be devoted to the post-translational modifications of the oligosaccharides micro-heterogeneity of AGP caused by pathological states. A critical evaluation of the impact of different AGP glycoforms on both its transport and anti-inflammatory features, and how the modifications of the glycan pattern can be utilized in clinical biochemistry, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Ceciliani
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Università di Milano, Sezione di Patologia Generale e Parassitologia, Via Celoria 10 - 20133, Milano, Italy.
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Abstract
We investigated the characteristics of binding of tamsulosin to alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP) genetic variants. The binding of tamsulosin to each of the human AGP variants was determined by ultrafiltration, and the binding characteristics for each variant were compared using binding parameters and inhibition of the binding by disopyramide and warfarin. The affinities of tamsulosin binding to a F1/S variant mixture and total AGP variants were relatively high (dissociation constants 1.6 microM). On the other hand, the dissociation constant for variant A was 14.9+/-2.53 microM. The binding of tamsulosin was competitively inhibited by warfarin but not by disopyramide. Tamsulosin appears to be a suitable compound for studying the characteristics of drug binding to human AGP F1/S variants under clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Hanada
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
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31
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Castriota G, Thompson GM, Lin Y, Scherer PE, Moller DE, Berger JP. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists inhibit adipocyte expression of alpha1-acid glycoprotein. Cell Biol Int 2006; 31:586-91. [PMID: 17240171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2006.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2006] [Revised: 11/14/2006] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
alpha1-Acid glycoprotein (alpha1-AGP) is an acute phase protein that can potentiate cytokine secretion by mononuclear cells and may induce thrombosis by stabilizing the inhibitory activity of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Thus, alpha1-AGP may promote pathobiologies associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) including insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. Here, we demonstrate that antidiabetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists inhibited expression of 3T3-L1 adipocyte alpha1-AGP in a concentration- and time-dependent manner via an apparent PPARgamma-mediated mechanism. As a result, synthesis and secretion of the glycoprotein was reduced. While PPARgamma agonist regulation of genes with functional peroxisome proliferator response elements in their promoter such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were unaffected when cellular protein synthesis was inhibited, downregulation of alpha1-AGP mRNA was ablated thereby supporting the proposition that PPARgamma activation inhibits alpha1-AGP expression indirectly. These results suggest a potential novel adipocytic mechanism by which PPARgamma agonists may ameliorate T2DM-associated insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino Castriota
- Department of Metabolic Disorders, RY80N-C31, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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Fitos I, Visy J, Zsila F, Mády G, Simonyi M. Selective binding of imatinib to the genetic variants of human α1-acid glycoprotein. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2006; 1760:1704-12. [PMID: 17008009 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Revised: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 08/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib is a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, successfully used for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Its strong plasma protein binding referred to alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) component was found to inhibit the pharmacological activity. AGP shows genetic polymorphism and the two main genetic variants have different drug binding properties. The binding characteristics of imatinib to AGP genetic variants and the possibility of its binding interactions were investigated by various methods. The results proved that binding of imatinib to the two main genetic variants is very different, the high affinity binding belongs dominantly to the F1-S variant. This interaction is accompanied with specific spectral changes (induced circular dichroism, UV change, intrinsic fluorescence quenching), suggesting that the bound ligand has chiral conformation that would largely overlap with other ligands inside the protein cavity. Binding parameters of Ka=1.7(+/-0.2)x10(6)M(-1) and n=0.94 could be determined for the binding on the F1-S variant at 37 degrees . Imatinib binding on the A variant is weaker and less specific. The binding affinity of imatinib to human serum albumin (nKa approximately 3 x 10(4)M(-1)) is low. Pharmacologically relevant binding interactions with other drugs can be expected on the F1-S variant of AGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Fitos
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, POB 17, H-1525, Hungary.
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Colombo S, Buclin T, Décosterd LA, Telenti A, Furrer H, Lee BL, Biollaz J, Eap CB. Orosomucoid (α1-acid glycoprotein) plasma concentration and genetic variants: Effects on human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor clearance and cellular accumulation. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2006; 80:307-18. [PMID: 17015049 DOI: 10.1016/j.clpt.2006.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2006] [Accepted: 06/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Protease inhibitors are highly bound to orosomucoid (ORM) (alpha1-acid glycoprotein), an acute-phase plasma protein encoded by 2 polymorphic genes, which may modulate their disposition. Our objective was to determine the influence of ORM concentration and phenotype on indinavir, lopinavir, and nelfinavir apparent clearance (CL(app)) and cellular accumulation. Efavirenz, mainly bound to albumin, was included as a control drug. METHODS Plasma and cells samples were collected from 434 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Total plasma and cellular drug concentrations and ORM concentrations and phenotypes were determined. RESULTS Indinavir CL(app) was strongly influenced by ORM concentration (n = 36) (r2 = 0.47 [P = .00004]), particularly in the presence of ritonavir (r2 = 0.54 [P = .004]). Lopinavir CL(app) was weakly influenced by ORM concentration (n = 81) (r2 = 0.18 [P = .0001]). For both drugs, the ORM1 S variant concentration mainly explained this influence (r2 = 0.55 [P = .00004] and r2 = 0.23 [P = .0002], respectively). Indinavir CL(app) was significantly higher in F1F1 individuals than in F1S and SS patients (41.3, 23.4, and 10.3 L/h [P = .0004] without ritonavir and 21.1, 13.2, and 10.1 L/h [P = .05] with ritonavir, respectively). Lopinavir cellular exposure was not influenced by ORM abundance and phenotype. Finally, ORM concentration or phenotype did not influence nelfinavir (n = 153) or efavirenz (n = 198) pharmacokinetics. CONCLUSION ORM concentration and phenotype modulate indinavir pharmacokinetics and, to a lesser extent, lopinavir pharmacokinetics but without influencing their cellular exposure. This confounding influence of ORM should be taken into account for appropriate interpretation of therapeutic drug monitoring results. Further studies are needed to investigate whether the measure of unbound drug plasma concentration gives more meaningful information than total drug concentration for indinavir and lopinavir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Colombo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Kuzuhara H, Nakano Y, Yamashita N, Imai M, Kawamura Y, Kurosawa T, Nishiyama S. Protective effects of alpha1-acid glycoprotein and serum amyloid A on concanavalin A-induced liver failure via interleukin-6 induction by ME3738. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 541:205-10. [PMID: 16765939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2005] [Revised: 05/02/2006] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether the 22beta-methoxyolean-12-ene-3beta,24(4beta)-diol (ME3738)-mediated selective induction of interleukin-6 increased alpha1-acid glycoprotein and serum amyloid A expression, and whether these proteins protected against liver injury in vitro and in vivo. ME3738 treatment in male mice increased gene expression of alpha1-acid glycoprotein subtypes and serum amyloid A 2 genes, and plasma concentration of serum amyloid A. Treatment with alpha1-acid glycoprotein at 5 mg/animal or serum amyloid A at 0.03 and 0.1 mg/animal prior to concanavalin A administration reduced multifocal necrosis in the liver. Treatment with alpha1-acid glycoprotein and serum amyloid A, but not alpha1-antitrypsin, protected Hep G2 cells against cell injury. These results suggest that alpha1-acid glycoprotein and serum amyloid A, increased by ME3738-induced interleukin-6, might protect against concanavalin A-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kuzuhara
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Meiji Seika, Kaisha Ltd., Kouhoku, Yokohama, Japan
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Yuasa I, Nakamura H, Umetsu K, Irizawa Y, Henke L, Henke J. The Structure and Diversity of α1-Acid Glycoprotein/Orosomucoid Gene in Africans. Biochem Genet 2006; 44:145-60. [PMID: 16670946 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-006-9017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2005] [Accepted: 09/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human orosomucoid (ORM), or alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein, is known to be controlled by duplicated and triplicated genes on chromosome 9, encoding ORM1 and ORM2 proteins. In this study, the structure and diversity of the ORM gene were investigated in 16 Sub-Saharan Africans, who originated from widely dispersed locations in Africa. The duplicated ORM1-ORM2 gene was observed in all 16 samples. ORM1*S1(2), characterized by an ORM2 gene-specific sequence in intron 5, was common in Africans. Three Africans showed the duplication of the ORM1 gene. The organization of the triplicated ORM1A-ORM1B-ORM2 gene was established in two Africans. The recombination breakpoints resulting in the ORM1 duplication lay within a small genomic interval around exon 1 of the ORM1B gene. The duplication of the ORM2 gene reported previously was not detected in this population sample. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms were observed in the ORM2 gene. The rearrangement of the ORM gene is likely to occur often in Africans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Yuasa
- Division of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishimachi, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
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Kimura T, Shibukawa A, Matsuzaki K. Biantennary Glycans as Well as Genetic Variants of α1-Acid Glycoprotein Control the Enantioselectivity and Binding Affinity of Oxybutynin. Pharm Res 2006; 23:1038-42. [PMID: 16715395 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-006-9777-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2005] [Accepted: 12/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of biantennary branching glycans of alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and its genetic variants in the enantioselective binding of oxybutynin (OXY). METHOD Human native AGP was separated using imminodiacetate-copper (II) affinity chromatography into two fractions, the A variant and a mixture of the F1 and S variants (F1-S). These fractionated AGPs were further separated by concanavalin A affinity chromatography into two fractions, with and without biantenarry glycans. An on-line high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system consisting of a high-performance frontal analysis column, an extraction column, and an analytical HPLC column was developed to determine the binding affinities of OXY enantiomers for respective AGP species. RESULTS The total binding affinity as well as the enantiomeric selectivity of OXY in the F1-S mixed variant was significantly higher than that for the A variant, indicating that the chiral recognition ability of native AGP for the OXY enantiomers highly depends on the F1-S mixed variant. Furthermore, not only the genetic variants but also bianntenary glycans of AGP affect the binding affinity of OXY and are also responsible for the enantioselectivity. CONCLUSIONS Both genetic variants and glycan structures significantly contribute to the enantioselectivity and the binding affinity of OXY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kimura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Hazai E, Visy J, Fitos I, Bikádi Z, Simonyi M. Selective binding of coumarin enantiomers to human alpha1-acid glycoprotein genetic variants. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 14:1959-65. [PMID: 16290938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Revised: 10/19/2005] [Accepted: 10/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Coumarin-type anticoagulants, warfarin, phenprocoumon and acenocoumarol, were tested for their stereoselective binding to the human orosomucoid (ORM; AGP) genetic variants ORM 1 and ORM 2. Direct binding studies with racemic ligands were carried out by the ultrafiltration method; the concentrations of free enantiomers were determined by capillary electrophoresis. The binding of pure enantiomers was investigated with quinaldine red fluorescence displacement measurements. Our results demonstrated that all investigated compounds bind stronger to ORM 1 variant than to ORM 2. ORM 1 and human native AGP preferred the binding of (S)-enantiomers of warfarin and acenocoumarol, while no enantioselectivity was observed in phenprocoumon binding. Acenocoumarol possessed the highest enantioselectivity in AGP binding due to the weak binding of its (R)-enantiomer. Furthermore, a new homology model of AGP was built and the models of ORM 1 and ORM 2 suggested that difference in binding to AGP genetic variants is caused by steric factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Hazai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 17, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary.
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Chuang VTG, Hijioka M, Katsuki M, Nishi K, Hara T, Kaneko KI, Ueno M, Kuniyasu A, Nakayama H, Otagiri M. Characterization of benzodiazepine binding site on human α1-acid glycoprotein using flunitrazepam as a photolabeling agent. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2005; 1725:385-93. [PMID: 15978731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Revised: 05/20/2005] [Accepted: 05/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The binding of flunitrazepam (FNZP) by human alpha1-acid glycoprotein (hAGP) and the relationships between the extent of drug binding and desialylation and the genetic variants of hAGP were examined. The photolabeling specificity of [3H]FNZP was confirmed by findings in which other hAGP-binding ligands inhibited the formation of covalent bonds between [3H]FNZP and hAGP. The photolabeling of asialo-hAGP suggested that sialic acid does not involve in the binding of [3H]FNZP. No difference in the labeling could be found between the F1*S variants and A variant. Similarly, FNZP did not show a difference in binding affinity to the two genetic variants of hAGP. Sequence analysis of the photolabeled peptide indicated a sequence corresponding to Tyr91-Arg105 of hAGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tuan Giam Chuang
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
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Pocacqua V, Provasi E, Paltrinieri S, Gelain E, Comunian C, Ceciliani F. Glycan moiety modifications of feline alpha1-acid glycoprotein in retrovirus (FIV, FeLV) affected cats. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2005; 107:17-26. [PMID: 15982476 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2004] [Revised: 01/13/2005] [Accepted: 02/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
alpha1-Acid glycoprotein (AGP) is considered one of the major acute phase proteins in cats. In humans, AGP is a heavily glycosylated protein that undergoes several modifications of its glycan moiety during acute and chronic inflammatory pathologies. In this paper we present the feline AGPs (fAGP) glycan moiety modifications in the course of two prevalent feline diseases, the FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus) dependent feline acquired viral immunodeficiency and the feline leukemia virus (FeLV) associated lymphoma. The glycan moiety of fAGP was investigated by means of the binding of its oligosaccharides residues with specific lectins. Four lectins were used: Sambucus nigra agglutinin I and Maackia amurensis agglutinin lectins were used to detect sialic acid residues, Aleuria aurantia lectin was used to detect L-fucose residues and Concanavalin A was used to evaluate the degree of branching. It was found that fAGP undergoes several post-translational modifications of its glycan pattern: in particular the degree of sialylation is increased in FeLV-positive cats diagnosed with lymphoma, while FeLV-positive that did not presented any specific clinical signs cats do not present any increase of expression of sialic acid on the surface. Furthermore, FIV induced a modification of the glycan moiety of fAGP, which however varied widely among individuals. In order to determine the number and the position of oligosaccharide chains, the cDNA sequence of fAGP was also determined. The translation of the mature fAGP coding sequence gave rise to a sequence of 183 residues, with five potential N-glycosylation sites, but also with seven potential phosphorylation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Pocacqua
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Jain S, Rajput A, Kumar Y, Uppuluri N, Arvind AS, Tatu U. Proteomic analysis of urinary protein markers for accurate prediction of diabetic kidney disorder. J Assoc Physicians India 2005; 53:513-20. [PMID: 16121805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Microalbuminuria is currently the only diagnostic tool available for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. The test is based on immunological detection of small quantities of albumin in the urinary samples of diabetes patients. There are several limitations of the use of microalbuminuria as an index of renal function. It is therefore desirable to identify additional protein markers that would augment prediction of diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study is to identify urinary protein markers for specific and more accurate prediction of nephropathy in diabetes patients. DESIGN 100 registered Type II diabetic patients were studied. Abundant proteins of microalbuminuria positive urinary samples of these patients were analyzed by proteomics approaches of 2-Dimentional Gel Electrophoresis (2DGE) and mass spectrometry. RESULTS 2-DGE analysis of the urine sample revealed four main proteins along with albumin in these samples. These were zinc alpha-2 glycoprotein, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, alpha-1 microglobulin and IgG as identified by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Tune of Flight (MALDI-ToF) and by western blot. Twenty control samples and three cases with microalbuminuria negative to positive transition does suggest the early and co-appearance of the markers with albumin. We have also analyzed full length spectrum of these samples by MALDI-ToF. CONCLUSION Our study shows the presence of additional proteins in urine samples of microalbuminuria positive diabetes patients. These proteins can be used as markers for specific and accurate clinical analysis of Diabetic nephropathy. We propose a mass spectrometry based high throughput diagnostic approach to detect these markers in the urine sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samta Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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Maeda H, Imamura T. [Alpha1-acid glycoprotein: structure and functions]. Nihon Rinsho 2005; 63 Suppl 4:88-92. [PMID: 15861639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Maeda
- BioDynamics Research Laboratory, Cooperative Research Center of Kumamoto University
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The acute phase response causes a negative nitrogen balance. It is unknown whether this involves regulation of hepatic urea synthesis. METHODS We examined the in vivo capacity of urea nitrogen synthesis (CUNS), mRNA levels of urea cycle enzyme genes and galactose elimination capacity (GEC) during moderate and severe acute phase response induced by low- and high-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. RESULTS Low-dose LPS doubled CUNS (P<0.05), decreased the mRNA level of the rate-limiting urea cycle enzyme (arginino succinate synthetase (ASS) by 26% (P<0.05) and did not change GEC. High-dose LPS did not change CUNS, decreased the mRNA level of the flux-generating enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS) by 11% (P<0.05) and the rate-limiting urea cycle enzyme (ASS) by 27% (P<0.05) and almost halved GEC (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The moderate acute phase response up-regulated in vivo urea synthesis but had the opposite effect on gene level. The severe acute phase response decreased the functional liver mass that attenuated the increase in urea synthesis.
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Mouthiers A, Baillet A, Deloménie C, Porquet D, Mejdoubi-Charef N. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha physically interacts with CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBPbeta) to inhibit C/EBPbeta-responsive alpha1-acid glycoprotein gene expression. Mol Endocrinol 2005; 19:1135-46. [PMID: 15661831 DOI: 10.1210/me.2004-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) in the hepatic inflammatory response has been associated to the decrease of acute phase protein transcription, although the molecular mechanisms are still to be elucidated. Here, we were interested in the regulation by Wy-14643 (PPARalpha agonist) of alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), a positive acute phase protein, after stimulation by Dexamethasone (Dex), a major modulator of the inflammatory response. In cultured rat hepatocytes, we demonstrate that PPARalpha inhibits at the transcriptional level the Dex-induced AGP gene expression. PPARalpha exerts this inhibitory effect by antagonizing the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBPbeta) transcription factor that is involved in Dex-dependent up-regulation of AGP gene expression. Overexpression of C/EBPbeta alleviates the repressive effect of PPARalpha, thus restoring the Dex-stimulated AGP promoter activity. Furthermore, glutathione-S-transferase GST pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation experiments evidenced, for the first time, a physical interaction between PPARalpha and the C-terminal DNA binding region of C/EBPbeta, thus preventing it from binding to specific sequence elements of the AGP promoter. Altogether, these results provide an additional molecular mechanism of negative regulation of acute phase protein gene expression by sequestration of the C/EBPbeta transcription factor by PPARalpha and reveal the high potency of the latter in controlling inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Mouthiers
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Equipe d'Accueil de Doctorants 1595, Université Paris XI, Tour D4 1st étage, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue J. B. Clément, 92296 Chāatenay-Malabry Cedex, France
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Rumiantseva OI, Kuz'mina LP, Ozhiganova VN. [State of protease inhibitor system in patients with occupational bronchial asthma caused by nonferrous metal aerosols]. Med Tr Prom Ekol 2005:22-8. [PMID: 15991714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The article represents results of studies concerning biochemical features of inflammation in various types of bronchial asthma caused by nonferrous metal aerosols. Also parameters of "proteolysis--antiproteolysis" system were studied on molecular genetic and biochemical levels, with determining serine proteinase, level of protease alpha-1 inhibitor and its hyposecretory deficit variants, levels of individual proteins.
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Katsuki M, Chuang VTG, Nishi K, Kawahara K, Nakayama H, Yamaotsu N, Hirono S, Otagiri M. Use of Photoaffinity Labeling and Site-directed Mutagenesis for Identification of the Key Residue Responsible for Extraordinarily High Affinity Binding of UCN-01 in Human α1-Acid Glycoprotein. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:1384-91. [PMID: 15509559 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m411076200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
7-Hydroxystaurosporine (UCN-01) is a protein kinase inhibitor anticancer drug currently undergoing a phase II clinical trial. The low distribution volumes and systemic clearance of UCN-01 in human patients have been found to be caused in part by its extraordinarily high affinity binding to human alpha1-acid glycoprotein (hAGP). In the present study, we photolabeled hAGP with [3H]UCN-01 without further chemical modification. The photolabeling specificity of [3H]UCN-01 was confirmed by findings in which other hAGP binding ligands inhibited formation of covalent bonds between hAGP and [3H]UCN-01. The amino acid sequence of the photolabeled peptide was concluded to be SDVVYTDXK, corresponding to residues Ser-153 to Lys-161 of hAGP. No PTH derivatives were detected at the 8th cycle, which corresponded to the 160th Trp residue. This strongly implies that Trp-160 was photolabeled by [3H]UCN-01. Three recombinant hAGP mutants (W25A, W122A, and W160A) and wild-type recombinant hAGP were photolabeled by [3H]UCN-01. Only mutant W160A showed a marked decrease in the extent of photoincorporation. These results strongly suggest that Trp-160 plays a prominent role in the high affinity binding of [3H]UCN-01 to hAGP. A docking model of UCN-01 and hAGP around Trp-160 provided further details of the binding site topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Katsuki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
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de Vries B, Walter SJ, Wolfs TGAM, Hochepied T, Räbinä J, Heeringa P, Parkkinen J, Libert C, Buurman WA. Exogenous alpha-1-acid glycoprotein protects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis. Transplantation 2004; 78:1116-24. [PMID: 15502707 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000138096.14126.ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury represents a major problem in posttransplant organ failure, effective treatment is not available. The acute phase protein alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) has been shown to be protective against experimental I/R injury. The effects of AGP are thought to be mediated by fucose groups expressed on the AGP protein inhibiting neutrophil infiltration. However, the precise mechanism of protection remains to be established. We therefore studied the effects of exogenous human AGP (hAGP) in a mouse model of ischemic acute renal failure. METHODS Mice were subjected to renal I/R and treated with hAGP, fucose-depleted hAGP, or control treated. Also, transgenic mice over-expressing rat AGP or wild-type controls were subjected to renal I/R. RESULTS Treatment was with hAGP as well as fucose-depleted hAGP protected mice against I/R-induced acute renal failure. Surprisingly, AGP-over-expressing mice were not protected against I/R injury. Both natural and fucose-depleted hAGP inhibited the activation of the complement system, as determined by renal C3 deposition and influx of neutrophils measured by immunohistochemistry and myeloperoxidase-enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay. Tubular epithelial cell structure (actin cytoskeleton) and cell-cell interaction (tight-junction architecture) were completely preserved in AGP-treated mice. Also, epithelial caspase activation and apoptotic DNA cleavage were prevented by AGP treatment. CONCLUSIONS Both natural and fucose-depleted hAGP protect against renal I/R injury by preservation of tubular epithelial structure and inhibition of apoptosis and subsequent inflammation. Therefore, hAGP can be regarded as a potential new therapeutic intervention in the treatment of acute renal failure, as seen after transplantation of ischemically injured kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart de Vries
- Department of Surgery, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Academic Hospital Maastricht and Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Hervé F, d'Athis P, Tremblay D, Tillement JP, Barré J. Glycosylation study of the major genetic variants of human alpha1-acid glycoprotein and of their pharmacokinetics in the rat. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 798:283-94. [PMID: 14643508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) is a mixture of at least two genetic variants, the A variant and the F1 and/or S variant or variants, which are encoded by two different genes. AAG is also an extensively glycosylated protein which possesses five N-linked glycans exhibiting substantial heterogeneity in their structures. The first objective of this study was to investigate the glycosylation of the two major gene products of AAG, i.e. the A variant and a mixture of the F1 and S variants (F1*S). To this end, we combined a chromatographic method for the fractionation of the AAG variants with a lectin-binding assay to characterise the glycosylation of purified glycoproteins. Secondly, because the oligosaccharides can influence the disposition of AAG, a kinetic study of the AAG variants was carried out in the rat. After intravenous administration of whole human AAG, the separation and quantification of the AAG variants in plasma was performed by application of specific methods by isoelectric focusing and immunonephelometry. The binding studies carried out on a panel of lectins showed significant differences in the lectin-binding characteristics of the separated F1*S and A variants, accounting for differences in the degree of branching of their glycan chains and substitution with sialic acid and fucose. The plasma concentration-time profiles of the F1*S and A variants were biphasic, and only small differences were observed between the variants for their initial and terminal half-lives, clearance and distribution volume. This indicates that the structural differences between the two AAG gene products do not affect their pharmacokinetics in the rat. Specific drug transport roles have been previously demonstrated for the F1*S and A variants, calling for further investigations into their effects on the disposition of drugs they bind in plasma. The present study shows that such investigations are possible without being complicated by kinetic differences between these variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Hervé
- INSERM Unité de Recherche U26, Hôpital Fernand Widal, 200 rue du Faubourg St. Denis, F-75475 Paris, France.
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Guiraudie G, Pageat P, Cain AH, Madec I, Nagnan-Le Meillour P. Functional characterization of olfactory binding proteins for appeasing compounds and molecular cloning in the vomeronasal organ of pre-pubertal pigs. Chem Senses 2004; 28:609-19. [PMID: 14578123 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjg052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The appeasing behaviour of pre-pubertal pigs appears to result from the perception of maternal odours (fatty acids) and of steroids coming from the male. We have used a ligand-oriented approach to functionally characterize olfactory binding proteins involved in the detection of appeasing compounds in the nasal mucosa (NM) and the vomeronasal organ (VNO) of pre-pubertal pigs. Several proteins were identified, combining binding assay, immunodetection and protein sequencing. Their sites of expression in nasal and vomeronasal tissues were studied by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The proteins belong to the lipocalin superfamily: Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), odorant-binding protein (OBP), salivary lipocalin (SAL) and Von Ebner's gland protein (VEG), and displayed different binding capacities for the appeasing compounds. RT-PCR experiments showed that OBP and VEG are expressed not only in the NM, but also in the VNO and that SAL is only expressed in the VNO. This is the first report of the expression of these lipocalins in the VNO. Different binding affinities between lipocalins and appeasing compounds, together with their different localizations in the olfactory systems, suggest multiple possibilities for the peripheral coding of appeasing signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Guiraudie
- Phérosynthèse SA, Le Rieu Neuf, F-84490 Saint-Saturnin-Les-Apt., France
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Nishi K, Fukunaga N, Otagiri M. CONSTRUCTION OF EXPRESSION SYSTEM FOR HUMAN α1-ACID GLYCOPROTEIN INPICHIA PASTORISAND EVALUATION OF ITS DRUG-BINDING PROPERTIES. Drug Metab Dispos 2004; 32:1069-74. [PMID: 15229172 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.104.000513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human alpha1-acid glycoprotein (hAGP) is a plasma glycoprotein that functions as a major carrier of basic ligands. This is the first report of the recombinant hAGP (rhAGP). In this study, rhAGP was expressed in the methylotropic yeast Pichia pastoris (GS115) using the expression vector, pPIC9, and then purified by anionic exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and gel filtration chromatography. The molecular weight of rhAGP was much lower than that of hAGP, because of the difference in glycan chain content. Results of glycopeptidase F digestion suggest that the peptide moiety of rhAGP was the same as that of hAGP. The results of circular dichroism spectra measurement indicated that rhAGP predominantly formed a beta-sheet-rich structure that was the same as that of hAGP and typical of the lipocalin family. From the experiments using AGP-binding drugs (chlorpromazine, warfarin, and progesterone) and quinaldine red as a probe for the binding site, it was indicated that rhAGP also had the same ligand-binding capacity and binding site structure as hAGP. These findings strongly suggest that this recombinant hAGP (rhAGP) is very useful for the exploration of the ligand-binding site and biological function of hAGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nishi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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Prins HA, Meijer C, Boelens PG, Diks J, Holtz R, Masson S, Daveau M, Meijer S, Scotté M, van Leeuwen PAM. KUPFFER CELL???DEPLETED RATS HAVE A DIMINISHED ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE FOLLOWING MAJOR LIVER RESECTION. Shock 2004; 21:561-5. [PMID: 15167686 DOI: 10.1097/01.shk.0000126649.96850.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Partial hepatectomy (PH)-induced Kupffer cell (KC) activation results in a rapid release of cytokines inducing the acute-phase response (APR). This study was done to evaluate the role of Kupffer cells (KCs) in the course of the APR following PH and a consecutive endotoxin challenge. KC depletion was performed in rats by i.v. administration of 1 mL liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene diphosohonate (Cl2MDP). Control rats received 1 mL NaCl 0.9%. Forty-eight hours later, PH was performed. At 24 h after PH, rats were randomized to receive either 1 mL NaCl 0.9% (saline) or 50 microg/kg LPS i.v. in 1 mL. Animals were sacrificed at 4 h after LPS or saline infusion. The APR was determined by measuring hepatic gene expression of alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, and IL-6 and expression of hepatic albumin. The APR was significantly depressed in KC-depleted rats. Despite increased IL-6 mRNA synthesis in response to low-dose LPS, no enhancement of acute-phase protein synthesis (APP) was found in KC-depleted rats. Hepatic failure was most profound in KC-depleted rats, as indicated by elevated plasma levels of liver transaminases and ammonia. We conclude that after PH, KC function in the remnant liver is important for the acute-phase reaction and reduces endotoxin-induced hepatocyte damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert A Prins
- Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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