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Gong C, Quan L, Chen W, Tian G, Zhang W, Xiao F, Zhang Z. Ecological risk and spatial distribution, sources of heavy metals in typical purple soils, southwest China. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11342. [PMID: 38762588 PMCID: PMC11102485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59718-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The identification and quantification of the ecological risks, sources and distribution of heavy metals in purple soils are essential for regional pollution control and management. In this study, geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), pollution index (PI), potential ecological risk index (RI), principal component analysis (PCA) model and geographical detector (GD) were combined to evaluate the status, ecological risk, and sources of heavy metals (HMs) in soils from a typical purple soil areas of Sichuan province. The results showed that the average contents of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn in purple soil were 7.77, 0.19, 69.5, 27.9, 0.077, 30.9, 26.5 mg/kg and 76.8 mg/kg, and the Igeo, EF and RI of topsoil Hg and Cd in designated area was the highest, and the average contents of Hg and Cd in topsoil were obviously greater than respective soil background value in Sichuan province and purple soil. The hot spots for the spatial distribution of 8 HMs were mainly focused in the southwest and northeast of the designated area, and there were also significant differences for 8 HMs distribution characteristics in the profile soil. Cu comes from both anthropogenic and natural sources, Zn, Ni and Cr mainly come from natural sources, but As, Pb, Hg and Cd mainly derived from human activities. GD results showed that soil texture (X18), altitude (X4), total nitrogen (TN), clay content (X3), sand content (X2) and silt content (X1) had the greatest explanatory power to 8 HMs spatial differentiation.This study provides a reference for understanding the status and influencing factors of HM pollution in typical purple soil, and lays a theoretical foundation for the environmental treatment of purple soil in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cang Gong
- Research Center of Applied Geology of China Geological Survey, Chengdu, 610039, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resource Coupling Process and Effects, Beijing, 100055, China
| | - Licheng Quan
- Research Center of Applied Geology of China Geological Survey, Chengdu, 610039, China.
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Research Center of Applied Geology of China Geological Survey, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Guanglong Tian
- Research Center of Applied Geology of China Geological Survey, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Center of Applied Geology of China Geological Survey, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Research Center of Applied Geology of China Geological Survey, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Research Center of Applied Geology of China Geological Survey, Chengdu, 610039, China.
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Wang P, Huang W, Ren F, Fan D. Pollution evaluation and source identification of heavy metals in soil around steel factories located in Lanshan District, Rizhao City, eastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:657. [PMID: 37166535 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
More than 40 enterprises have settled in the constructed steel-supporting industrial park adjacent to the Yellow Sea in Lanshan District, Rizhao City, eastern China. The concentration of heavy metals in the soil around steel factories often exceeds the limit specified by the national environmental agency. In this study, nine metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Mn, Fe, and Mg) in the soil around the steel-supporting industrial park were examined, and 100 soil samples were analyzed. The pollution characteristics and sources of these heavy metals were obtained via pollution index analysis, potential ecological risk evaluation, geostatistical analysis, and multivariate statistical analysis combined with a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. The results indicated that the heavy metals showed varying accumulation levels, among which Cd, Ni, and Pb were the major heavy metals greatly influencing the soil quality. The area around the steel factories exhibited heavy pollution and a high ecological risk, and Ni and Cd were the main risk factors. The soil at the steel factories and that in the southeastern and southwestern parts of the study area attained higher heavy metal element contents than those in the soil in other parts. PMF analysis confirmed that Cu, Pb, and Cd originated from mixed agricultural and traffic sources. Mn was related to natural sources. Cr and Ni likely resulted from atmospheric deposition, and Zn, Cd, Fe, and Mg were mainly associated with industrial materials, with these four sources accounting for 32.68%, 12.2%, 27.57%, and 27.54%, respectively, of the total metal content. This study could facilitate the investigation, evaluation, and source identification of soil heavy metal pollution in industrial regions and surrounding areas of Lanshan District, Rizhao City.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Yan Tai Bei Lu 80, Rizhao City, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Weihua Huang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Yan Tai Bei Lu 80, Rizhao City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fuyue Ren
- School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Yan Tai Bei Lu 80, Rizhao City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Deqiang Fan
- School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Yan Tai Bei Lu 80, Rizhao City, Shandong Province, China
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Faraji M, Alizadeh I, Oliveri Conti G, Mohammadi A. Investigation of health and ecological risk attributed to the soil heavy metals in Iran: Systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:158925. [PMID: 36174699 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The presence of heavy metals (HMs) in the soil can pose risks to human health via ingestion and dermal absorption. This systematic review and meta-analysis study focused on both of health and ecological risks attributed to the six HMs (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) in the soil of different Provinces of Iran. Articles were selected in the Web of Science and Scopus from 2000 to August 2021. The study was carried out according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, finally 32 studies were reviewed which the ranking of mean concentrations of the studied metals followed as: As > Zn > Cr > Pb > Cu > Cd. Mean concentration of Cd and As calculated via meta-analysis in the studied Provinces was found to be more than Iran's environment protection agency (EPA) guideline values. Other HMs met guideline values. A significant non-carcinogenic risk attributed to the As found in Kurdistan Province (hazard index, HI > 1). Furthermore, a significant carcinogenic health risk was found in Kurdistan and West Azerbaijan associated to As and in Fars, Khozestan and Khorasan-e-Razavi Provinces associated to Cd (ELCR >10-4). Concerning the impact on the ecosystem, Cd, As and Pb caused ecological risks in some areas of Iran (ecological risk, ER > 40 and potential ecological risk, PER >150). Hence, we can conclude that Cd and As are important heavy metals from the health aspect. Moreover, Cd, As and Pb must be considered from an ecological point of view. Therefore, control of the Cd, As and Pb release in the environment and remediation of polluted sites through novel approaches is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Faraji
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Ismaeil Alizadeh
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia" of University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Amir Mohammadi
- Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
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Gong C, Wang S, Wang D, Lu H, Dong H, Liu J, Yan B, Wang L. Ecological and human health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in agricultural soil in hotbed chives hometown of Tangchang, Southwest China. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8563. [PMID: 36050328 PMCID: PMC9436935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11397-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) contamination of agricultural soil in hotbed chives hometown of Tangchang, 788 topsoil samples were collected and analyzed for their heavy metal(loid)s concentration. The index of geo-accumulation (Igeo), pollution index (PI) and potential ecological risk index (EIi) were used to assess the degree of pollution. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to determine the sources of soil HMs. Human health risks estimated with hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR) indices based on ingestion, inhalation and dermal exposure pathways for adults and children. The mean values of Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn were 0.221, 0.155, 9.76, 32.2, 91.9, 35.2, 37.1 and 108.8 mg kg-1, respectively, which did not exceed the threshold values of the risk screening value for soil contamination. The potential ecological risk of soil heavy metal(loid)s was low level and there was no significant human health risk. Based on PCA, Pb and Hg may originate from transportation and atmospheric deposition, Zn, Cr and Ni may originate from natural sources and industrial activities, and Cu and Cd may originate from agricultural activities. Overall, from the perspective of HMs content, the soil quality in this study area was at a clean level. This study provides a reference and a basis for formulating effective measures to prevent and control HMs enrichment in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cang Gong
- Civil-Military Integrated Geological Survey Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu, China
| | - Shunxiang Wang
- Civil-Military Integrated Geological Survey Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu, China
| | - Dewei Wang
- Chengdu Geological Survey Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu, China
| | - Haichuan Lu
- Civil-Military Integrated Geological Survey Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Dong
- Civil-Military Integrated Geological Survey Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiufen Liu
- Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey Command Center of China Geological Survey, Beijing, China
| | - Buqing Yan
- Civil-Military Integrated Geological Survey Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Civil-Military Integrated Geological Survey Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu, China.
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Ouyang X, Qi W, Song D, Zhou J. Does Subjective Well-Being Promote Pro-Environmental Behaviors? Evidence from Rural Residents in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105992. [PMID: 35627529 PMCID: PMC9140646 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The spontaneous pro-environmental behavior (PEB) of rural residents is essential for rural environmental governance. Existing studies have primarily focused on the impact of objective factors on individual PEB, while less attention has been paid to the role of subjective factors, such as rural residents’ subjective well-being, in shaping such behaviors. Based on the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) data, this study evaluates the impact of subjective well-being on the PEB of rural residents. The results show that subjective well-being significantly promoted the PEB in both the private sphere with reciprocity and the public sphere with altruistic attributes. Subjective well-being affected PEB mainly by enhancing rural residents’ social interaction and reciprocity with others and raising their fraternity and altruism. Moreover, the positive effect was mainly driven by women and individuals with more environmental knowledge. Therefore, enhancing rural residents’ subjective well-being is not only an important development goal, but also the starting point and foothold of solving the contradiction between economic development and environmental protection and promoting social harmony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Ouyang
- National School of Agricultural Institution and Development, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.O.); (D.S.)
| | - Wen’e Qi
- College of Economics and Management, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Donghui Song
- National School of Agricultural Institution and Development, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.O.); (D.S.)
| | - Jianjun Zhou
- School of Economics, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China;
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Mansouri B, Ramezani Z, Yousefinejad V, Nakhaee S, Azadi N, Khaledi P, Nikkhoo B, Hassanzadeh K, Rahimi A. Association between trace elements in cancerous and non-cancerous tissues with the risk of breast cancers in western Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11675-11684. [PMID: 34545524 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the tissue content of essential and toxic metals including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) in the breast cancerous tissues compared to the non-cancerous tissue. The biopsy specimens of 63 breast cancers along with 63 adjacent healthy tissues in Kurdistan Province, Iran, were collected from 2019 to 2020 and assayed using ICP-MS (Agilent 7900). The results of the Mann-Whitney test illustrated that the concentration of Pb, Cd, As, Cr, Cu, and Se were significantly elevated in cancerous tissue (p < 0.05), while Zn was the only trace element with higher levels in healthy subjects (p < 0.05). Moreover, weak to moderate correlations between elements were observed in the cancerous group including Al-Cr (r=0.60), As-Cu (r=0.52), and Cu-Se (r=0.56). In contrast, no correlation over 0.50 was found between trace elements in the non-cancerous group. Raw risk differences (RDs) accounted for a significant effect for Pb, Cd, As, Ag, Cr, Se, and Zn on the development of breast cancer. In conclusion, elevated levels of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Se may contribute to enhancing the risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borhan Mansouri
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Centre, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Zana Ramezani
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Vahid Yousefinejad
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Samaneh Nakhaee
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Namamali Azadi
- Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Khaledi
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Bahram Nikkhoo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Kambiz Hassanzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Azin Rahimi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Rastegari Mehr M, Shakeri A, Amjadian K, Khalilzadeh Poshtegal M, Sharifi R. Bioavailability, distribution and health risk assessment of arsenic and heavy metals (HMs) in agricultural soils of Kermanshah Province, west of Iran. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 19:107-120. [PMID: 34150222 PMCID: PMC8172719 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Kermanshah Province as an agricultural hub exports food crops to neighboring countries. In this study, contamination status, bioavailability, spatial distribution, and ecological and human health risk of arsenic and heavy metals (HMs) in soil were investigate. For this purpose, 121 agricultural soil samples were collected and analyzed using ICP-MS. The data were studied by calculating some geochemical indices, and using geographical information system and statistical analysis. Results showed that Cd has the highest bioavailability, following by Cu and As. Also, Cu was severely associated with organic matter. Enrichment factor (EF) followed the order of As > Cu > Pb > Se > Cd > Zn > Ni > Cr, and the soil pollution index (SPI) ranged from 0.82 to 2.65. Low potential ecological risk was measured for most of the samples. However, Kermanshah County and Eastern parts of the Province showed the highest HMs enrichment and ecological risk. Moreover, high carcinogenic risk of Cr and Ni threatens the children. Cr showed also high non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI) for children. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated the anthropogenic origins for As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Se and Zn, while Cr and Ni originated mainly from a geogenic source. Furthermore, Kruskal-Wallis H test revealed that As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn concentrations were significantly different (p < 0.05) between 16 Counties of the Kermanshah Province. Overall, the management of urban and industrial contamination sources is required to minimize the concentration of bioavailable portion of HMs and preventing residents of the area from being exposed to contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Rastegari Mehr
- Department of Applied Geology, Faculty of Earth Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, 15614 Iran
| | - Ata Shakeri
- Department of Applied Geology, Faculty of Earth Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, 15614 Iran
| | - Keyvan Amjadian
- Department of Petroleum Geosciences, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Erbil Governorate, Soran, Kurdistan Region Iraq
- Scientific Research Centre, Soran University, Soran, Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | | | - Reza Sharifi
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454 Iran
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