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Coop A, Clark A, Morgan J, Reid F, Lacey JH. The use and misuse of the SCOFF screening measure over two decades: a systematic literature review. Eat Weight Disord 2024; 29:29. [PMID: 38652332 PMCID: PMC11039549 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-024-01656-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The SCOFF questionnaire was designed as a simple, memorable screening tool to raise suspicion that a person might have an eating disorder. It is over 20 years since the creation of the SCOFF, during which time it has been widely used. Considering this, we wish to review the use of the SCOFF in peer-reviewed scientific journals, and to assess whether it is being used appropriately in the manner in which it was originally devised and tested. METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and all search strategies and methods were determined before the onset of the study. PubMed and Wiley Online Library were searched using the terms SCOFF and eating. Two reviewers were involved in the reviewing process. Criteria for appropriate use of the SCOFF were formalised with the tool's original authors. RESULTS 180 articles were included in the final review. 48 articles had used the SCOFF appropriately, 117 articles inappropriately and 15 articles had been mixed in the appropriateness of their use. CONCLUSION This systematic review highlights the inappropriate use of the SCOFF in diverse languages and settings. When used correctly the SCOFF has made a significant contribution to the understanding of eating disorders and its simplicity has been applauded and led to widespread use. However in over two-thirds of studies, the use of the SCOFF was inappropriate and the paper highlights how and in what way it was misused, Guidelines for the appropriate use of the SCOFF are stated. Future validation and avenues of research are suggested. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Coop
- Schoen Clinic Newbridge, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - John Morgan
- St George's, University of London, London, UK
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López-Gil JF, García-Hermoso A, Smith L, Firth J, Trott M, Mesas AE, Jiménez-López E, Gutiérrez-Espinoza H, Tárraga-López PJ, Victoria-Montesinos D. Global Proportion of Disordered Eating in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2023; 177:363-372. [PMID: 36806880 PMCID: PMC9941974 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.5848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Importance The 5-item Sick, Control, One, Fat, Food (SCOFF) questionnaire is the most widely used screening measure for eating disorders. However, no previous systematic review and meta-analysis determined the proportion of disordered eating among children and adolescents. Objective To establish the proportion among children and adolescents of disordered eating as assessed with the SCOFF tool. Data Sources Four databases were systematically searched (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) with date limits from January 1999 to November 2022. Study Selection Studies were required to meet the following criteria: (1) participants: studies of community samples of children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years and (2) outcome: disordered eating assessed by the SCOFF questionnaire. The exclusion criteria included (1) studies conducted with young people who had a diagnosis of physical or mental disorders; (2) studies that were published before 1999 because the SCOFF questionnaire was designed in that year; (3) studies in which data were collected during COVID-19 because they could introduce selection bias; (4) studies based on data from the same surveys/studies to avoid duplication; and (5) systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses and qualitative and case studies. Data Extraction and Synthesis A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline. Main Outcomes and Measures Proportion of disordered eating among children and adolescents assessed with the SCOFF tool. Results Thirty-two studies, including 63 181 participants, from 16 countries were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The overall proportion of children and adolescents with disordered eating was 22.36% (95% CI, 18.84%-26.09%; P < .001; n = 63 181) (I2 = 98.58%). Girls were significantly more likely to report disordered eating (30.03%; 95% CI, 25.61%-34.65%; n = 27 548) than boys (16.98%; 95% CI, 13.46%-20.81%; n = 26 170) (P < .001). Disordered eating became more elevated with increasing age (B, 0.03; 95% CI, 0-0.06; P = .049) and body mass index (B, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01-0.05; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the available evidence from 32 studies comprising large samples from 16 countries showed that 22% of children and adolescents showed disordered eating according to the SCOFF tool. Proportion of disordered eating was further elevated among girls, as well as with increasing age and body mass index. These high figures are concerning from a public health perspective and highlight the need to implement strategies for preventing eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco López-Gil
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Trott
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur Eumann Mesas
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Estela Jiménez-López
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
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López-Gil JF, Jiménez-López E, Fernández-Rodríguez R, Garrido-Miguel M, Victoria-Montesinos D, Gutiérrez-Espinoza H, Tárraga-López PJ, Mesas AE. Prevalence of Disordered Eating and Its Associated Factors From a Socioecological Approach Among a Sample of Spanish Adolescents: The EHDLA Study. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605820. [PMID: 37051310 PMCID: PMC10084851 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was twofold: a) to establish the prevalence of adolescents with disordered eating and b) to determine the factors associated with this prevalence in a sample of Spanish adolescents from the Valle de Ricote (Region of Murcia, Spain).Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 730 adolescents (56.2% girls) from the EHDLA study. To determine the prevalence of disordered eating, the Sick, Control, One stone, Fat, Food (SCOFF) questionnaire was used. A socioecological approach was used to identify individual-, interpersonal-, or organizational-level factors associated with disordered eating.Results: The prevalence of disordered eating was 30.1%. This condition was associated with female sex (odds ratio [OR] = 2.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.81–3.73), immigrant status (OR = 2.22; 95% CI, 1.51–3.25), or excess weight (OR = 2.74; 95% CI, 1.93–3.89). Furthermore, for each additional hour slept, lower odds of having disordered eating were found (OR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67–0.98).Discussion: Almost one-third of the sample of Spanish adolescents analyzed reported disordered eating. Female sex, immigrant status and excess weight are individual aspects that seem to be related to disordered eating among Spanish adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco López-Gil
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Estela Jiménez-López
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | | | - Miram Garrido-Miguel
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Desirée Victoria-Montesinos
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Héctor Gutiérrez-Espinoza, ; Desirée Victoria-Montesinos,
| | - Héctor Gutiérrez-Espinoza
- Escuela de Fisioterapia, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- *Correspondence: Héctor Gutiérrez-Espinoza, ; Desirée Victoria-Montesinos,
| | - Pedro J. Tárraga-López
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Arthur Eumann Mesas
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Restrained eating behaviour, anorexia nervosa and food consumption between children and adolescents: a scoping review. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1565-1586. [PMID: 34658329 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521004219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) and restrained eating behaviour (REB) are characterised by reduced food intake to achieve body weight loss. This scope review aimed to describe the existing evidence on the association between AN, restrictive eating behaviour and food consumption. Studies with children and adolescents of both sexes of all races and ethnicities were included. Experimental and observational studies, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, case reports or series, conference abstracts, dissertations and theses were also included. The search was conducted in ten electronic databases and grey literature without language restriction on 14 November 2020. Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies included girls and identified lower intake of energy content, fat and certain micronutrients. There was also a higher intake of caffeine, fibre, vegetables, legumes and fruits and a lower intake of low-quality snack, fast food, sweets and foods with high carbohydrate and fat contents. The need to improve the quality of the diet among study participants was also identified. Thus, it is recommended that the evaluation of food consumption be careful to develop effective prevention strategies for the development of AN/REB and minimise nutritional deficiencies in these individuals.
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Approaches used in secondary prevention of eating disorders: review of the evidence and effectiveness. NUTR HOSP 2022; 39:97-111. [DOI: 10.20960/nh.04185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Likelihood of suffering from an eating disorder in a sample of Spanish cyclists and triathletes. J Eat Disord 2020; 8:70. [PMID: 33292590 PMCID: PMC7664067 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-020-00350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During recent years, there has been increasing interest in the study of eating disorders within sports practitioners, with prevalence being reported to be higher than in the general population. The aim of this study was to describe and predict eating disorders according to sex, body mass index, age and sport discipline within a sample of athletes. METHODS A sample of 4037 cyclists and triathletes from across Spain was selected. Athletes self-reported demographic characteristics and completed the revised restraint scale, SCOFF questionnaire and Mediterranean diet adherence screener. To be eligible for inclusion, participants had to be over eighteen years old. RESULTS Males were significantly less likely than females (p < 0.001; OR = 0.33), and triathletes (p < 0.01; OR = 0.76) were less likely than cyclists to suffer from an eating disorder. Possibility of suffering from an eating disorder increased with increasing body mass index (p < 0.001; OR = 1.38) and decreasing age (p < 0.001; OR = 0.97). CONCLUSION Findings suggest that the roles of sex, sport discipline, age and body mass index predict risk factors for eating disorders in a sample of Spanish athletes. Clinical diagnosis seems necessary to better understand the factors and mechanisms at play when Spanish athletes develop an eating disorder. TRIAL REGISTRATION Ethics Committee of the University of Granada (N°883) data: 16/11/2015.
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Galmiche M, Déchelotte P, Lambert G, Tavolacci MP. Prevalence of eating disorders over the 2000-2018 period: a systematic literature review. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:1402-1413. [PMID: 31051507 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 554] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating disorders (EDs) lead to multiple psychiatric and somatic complications and thus constitute a major public health concern. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to give an exhaustive view of the studies reporting the prevalence of the different EDs or total EDs and to study their evolution. METHODS A literature search following PRISMA Guidelines and limited to studies in English or French published between 2000 and 2018 was performed and relevant studies were included in this systematic review on the prevalence of EDs. The literature search revealed 94 studies with accurate ED diagnosis and 27 with broad ED diagnosis. RESULTS In 94 studies with accurate ED diagnosis, the weighted means (ranges) of lifetime ED were 8.4% (3.3-18.6%) for women and 2.2% (0.8-6.5%) for men. The weighted means (ranges) of 12-month ED prevalence were 2.2% (0.8-13.1%) for women and 0.7% (0.3-0.9%) for men. The weighted means (ranges) of point prevalence were 5.7% (0.9-13.5%) for women and 2.2% (0.2-7.3%) for men. According to continents, the weighted means (ranges) of point prevalence were 4.6% (2.0-13.5%) in America, 2.2% (0.2-13.1%) in Europe, and 3.5% (0.6-7.8%) in Asia.In addition to the former, 27 other studies reported the prevalence of EDs as broad categories resulting in weighted means (ranges) of total point prevalence of any EDs of 19.4% (6.5-36.0%) for women and 13.8% (3.6-27.1%) for men. CONCLUSIONS Despite the complexity of integrating all ED prevalence data, the most recent studies confirm that EDs are highly prevalent worldwide, especially in women. Moreover, the weighted means of point ED prevalence increased over the study period from 3.5% for the 2000-2006 period to 7.8% for the 2013-2018 period. This highlights a real challenge for public health and healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Galmiche
- TargEDys SA, Rouen, France.,Inserm UMR 1073, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy Rouen University, France.,Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- Inserm UMR 1073, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy Rouen University, France.,Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | | | - Marie Pierre Tavolacci
- Inserm UMR 1073, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy Rouen University, France.,ClC-CRB 1404, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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Caran LG, Santana DD, Monteiro LS, da Veiga GV. Disordered eating behaviors and energy and nutrient intake in a regional sample of Brazilian adolescents from public schools. Eat Weight Disord 2018; 23:825-832. [PMID: 29949131 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the prevalence of disordered eating behaviors and the association with energy and nutrient intake and nutritional status in adolescents. METHODS A school-based cross-sectional study was performed involving a probabilistic sample of 487 teenagers (aged 15-19 years) from public schools in the Metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Eating Attitude Test and the Bulimic Investigatory Test Edinburgh questionnaires were applied to identify abnormal eating patterns and unusual dietary patterns, respectively. Nutritional status was defined by sex- and age-specific body mass index cutoffs. Energy and nutrient intake were assessed by a 3-day food record. The association between variables was assessed by the prevalence ratio and 95% confidence intervals, Pearson's Chi-square test, and linear regression. RESULTS The prevalence of abnormal eating patterns was 7.4% and that of unusual dietary patterns was 18.9%. Vitamin C intake was higher among girls with abnormal dietary patterns, with a consequent lower frequency of vitamin C deficiency when compared to those with normal dietary patterns. Calcium intake was lower in boys with unusual dietary pattern than in those without this behavior. Excess weight was associated with the presence of unusual dietary pattern in girls (PR: 2.4, 95% CI 1.6-3.5). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of disordered eating behaviors was high, mainly in those who were overweight. It was associated with lower calcium intake in boys and with higher Vitamin C intake in girls. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, descriptive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Gasparini Caran
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Ilha do Fundão, CCS, Bloco J, 2° andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Danilo Dias Santana
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Ilha do Fundão, CCS, Bloco J, 2° andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Luana Silva Monteiro
- Nutrition Course, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (Campus UFRJ-Macaé), Rua Aloísio da Silva Gomes, 50, Macaé, RJ, CEP 27930-560, Brazil
| | - Gloria Valeria da Veiga
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Ilha do Fundão, CCS, Bloco J, 2° andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-902, Brazil
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Brumboiu MI, Cazacu I, Zunquin G, Manole F, Mogosan CI, Porrovecchio A, Peze T, Tavolacci MP, Ladner J. Nutritional status and eating disorders among medical students from the Cluj-Napoca University centre. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 91:414-421. [PMID: 30564017 PMCID: PMC6296733 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims The nutritional disorders are modifiable predisposing factors of the current leading causes of morbidity and premature mortality, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancers. An early recognition of appropriate interventions could decrease the burden of medical costs and increase the healthy life expectancy. The aims of our study were the description of nutritional status, its associated factors, and the detection of eating disorders among Romanian medical students of the “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted during the 2015–2016 academic year, including medical students from all study years, by an online questionnaire. The statistics, both descriptive and inferential, were calculated using EpiInfo. Results A total of 222 students from the University Romanian section were included, with a sex-ratio (men:women) of 0.22. The average body mass index of the medical students included was 21.3±3.3 kg/m2, for females it was 20.7±3 kg/m2 and for males 23.9±3.1 kg/m2. For the nutritional disorders such as overweight, the prevalence among males (30%) had a net predominance (p<0.001) over females (4.4%), while for underweight, it was prevalent only for female students (20.3%). Overweight was associated with low academic performance (odds ratio (OR)=7.2; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1–53.94), smoking (OR=2.4; 95% CI: 1–5.76) and binge drinking (OR=3; 95% CI: 1.26–7.25). Eating disorders were reported by 25.7% of the students and were significantly more prevalent in students in the second academic study cycle (47.4%; 95% CI: 34.7–60.3%) and in students with jobs (7%; 95% CI: 2.3–16.1%). Conclusions In this survey, two different distribution models of nutritional disorders for both genders were identified, with the predominance of overweight among men. Eating disorders were more prevalent among students in the second study cycle and those with jobs at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Irina Brumboiu
- Epidemiology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Irina Cazacu
- Pharmacy Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gautier Zunquin
- University of the Littoral Opal Coast - EA 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, F-59383 Dunkerque, France
| | - Flavia Manole
- Nutrition Department, Cluj-Napoca Unit - The Network of International Francophone Clinical Epidemiology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Ionela Mogosan
- Pharmacy Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alessandro Porrovecchio
- University of Lille - EA 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Thierry Peze
- University of the Littoral Opal Coast - EA 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, F-59383 Dunkerque, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Tavolacci
- Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; INSERM Unit 1073, School of Medicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Joel Ladner
- Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; INSERM Unit 1073, School of Medicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
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Lee GY, Park EJ, Kim YR, Kwag KH, Park JH, An SH, Lee JH, Sim JH, Treasure J. Feasibility and acceptability of a prevention program for eating disorders (Me, You and Us) adapted for young adolescents in Korea. Eat Weight Disord 2018; 23:673-683. [PMID: 28871526 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the adaptability and acceptability of a prevention program. METHODS A total of 169 Korean students (83 boys and 86 girls) with a mean age of 12.3 years from a 6th grade class at an elementary school participated in the study. Mental health social workers delivered Me, You and Us, a school-based body image intervention program originally developed in the UK, through a set of six sessions. The participants were assessed in terms of their body satisfaction and self-esteem before the program, after the program, and at 1-month follow-up. They were also surveyed about their satisfaction and acceptability levels after the program. RESULTS At baseline, girls had lower body satisfaction and self-esteem than boys, and their body satisfaction and self-esteem improved after the program. The improved body satisfaction was maintained at the 1-month follow-up. The efficacy of the program on body satisfaction was positively correlated with the frequency of their baseline level of "fat talk." The program was more effective in girls with possible symptoms of an eating disorder at baseline. 93.7% of boys and 77.4% of girls responded that they enjoyed the program. CONCLUSIONS The program Me, You and Us was well-accepted by early adolescents in Korea and it can play a role in increasing body satisfaction and self-esteem by reducing "fat talk" in 6th grade students. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, cohort study with intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Young Lee
- Institute of Eating Disorders and Mental Health, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Goyang Child and Adolescent Community Mental Health Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Youl-Ri Kim
- Institute of Eating Disorders and Mental Health, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung Hwa Kwag
- Institute of Human, Environment and Future, Inje University, Kimhae, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hong Park
- Institute of Eating Disorders and Mental Health, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Graduate Program, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - So Hyun An
- Institute of Eating Disorders and Mental Health, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Goyang Child and Adolescent Community Mental Health Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Sim
- Goyang Child and Adolescent Community Mental Health Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Janet Treasure
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
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Directly measured free 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels show no evidence of vitamin D deficiency in young Swedish women with anorexia nervosa. Eat Weight Disord 2018; 23:247-254. [PMID: 28455680 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterized by low fat mass complicated by osteoporosis. The role of circulating vitamin D in the development of bone loss in AN is unclear. Fat mass is known to be inversely associated with vitamin D levels measured as serum levels of total, protein-bound 25-hydroxyvitamin D, but the importance of directly measured, free levels of 25(OH)D has not been determined in AN. The aim of this study was to investigate vitamin D status, as assessed by serum concentrations of total and free serum 25(OH)D in patients with AN and healthy controls. METHODS In female AN patients (n = 20), and healthy female controls (n = 78), total 25(OH)D was measured by LC-MS/MS, and free 25(OH)D with ELISA. In patients with AN bone mineral density (BMD) was determined with DEXA. RESULTS There were no differences between patients and controls in total or free S-25(OH)D levels (80 ± 31 vs 72 ± 18 nmol/L, and 6.5 ± 2.5 vs 5.6 ± 1.8 pg/ml, respectively), and no association to BMD was found. In the entire group of patients and controls, both vitamin D parameters correlated with BMI, leptin, and PTH. CONCLUSIONS The current study did not demonstrate a vitamin D deficiency in patients with AN and our data does not support vitamin D deficiency as a contributing factor to bone loss in AN. Instead, we observed a trend toward higher vitamin D levels in AN subjects compared to controls. Measurement of free vitamin D levels did not contribute to additional information.
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Aparicio-Martínez P, Perea-Moreno A, Martinez-Jimenez M, Suarez-Varela Varo I, Vaquero-Abellán M. Social networks’ unnoticed influence on body image in Spanish university students. TELEMATICS AND INFORMATICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lichtenstein MB, Hemmingsen SD, Støving RK. Identification of eating disorder symptoms in Danish adolescents with the SCOFF questionnaire. Nord J Psychiatry 2017; 71:340-347. [PMID: 28290749 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2017.1300322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating disorders often develop in adolescence and, therefore, instruments are needed that are useful to detect risk behaviour in young people. The SCOFF is a 5-item screening instrument, named SCOFF as an acronym of keywords from the questions. It has been used widely in adult samples, but studies that evaluate the scale in adolescents are missing. AIMS The aim of this study was to test the psychometric properties of the SCOFF in adolescents aged 11-20 years and for the first time validate the questionnaire in Danish. METHODS A total of 184 adolescents completed the Danish version of the SCOFF and sub-scales from the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-3). The sample consisted of 87 patients (mean age = 16) from a specialized eating disorder department in the Region of Southern Denmark and 97 healthy adolescents (mean age = 17) from Danish primary and high schools. RESULTS It was found that the reliability of the SCOFF was acceptable, and that cut-off 2 is useful to detect those with potential eating disorder pathology. Item 3 (weight loss) correlated poorly with EDI-3 sub-scales and might be reformulated by addressing the intentionality behind weight loss (due to unhappiness with body) rather than a specific amount of weight loss (1 stone), because this could have somatic reasons. CONCLUSIONS The SCOFF is a very easily applicable questionnaire, which may fulfil the necessary psychometric properties for detection of ED symptoms in Danish adolescents. Before general screening can be recommended, conditions regarding benefits and potential adverse effects still remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Beck Lichtenstein
- a Centre for Telepsychiatry, Odense, Region of Southern Denmark, Department of Psychology , University of Southern Denmark , Denmark
| | - Simone Daugaard Hemmingsen
- b Nutrition Clinic, Centre for Eating Disorders, Odense University Hospital, Psychiatric Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Research Unit of Medical Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Research , University of Southern Denmark , Denmark
| | - René Klinkby Støving
- c Nutrition Clinic, Centre for Eating Disorders, Odense University Hospital, Psychiatric Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Research Unit of Medical Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Research , University of Southern Denmark , Denmark
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