1
|
Bo T, Nohara H, Yamada KI, Miyata S, Fujii J. Ascorbic Acid Protects Bone Marrow from Oxidative Stress and Transient Elevation of Corticosterone Caused by X-ray Exposure in Akr1a-Knockout Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:152. [PMID: 38397750 PMCID: PMC10886414 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow cells are the most sensitive to exposure to X-rays in the body and are selectively damaged even by doses that are generally considered permissive in other organs. Ascorbic acid (Asc) is a potent antioxidant that is reported to alleviate damages caused by X-ray exposure. However, rodents can synthesize Asc, which creates difficulties in rigorously assessing its effects in such laboratory animals. To address this issue, we employed mice with defects in their ability to synthesize Asc due to a genetic ablation of aldehyde reductase (Akr1a-KO). In this study, concentrations of white blood cells (WBCs) were decreased 3 days after exposure to X-rays at 2 Gy and then gradually recovered. At approximately one month, the recovery rate of WBCs was delayed in the Akr1a-KO mouse group, which was reversed via supplementation with Asc. Following exposure to X-rays, Asc levels decreased in plasma, bone marrow cells, and the liver during an early period, and then started to increase. X-ray exposure stimulated the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulated corticosterone secretion. Asc released from the liver, which was also stimulated by ACTH, appeared to be recruited to the bone marrow. Since corticosterone in high doses is injurious, these collective results imply that Asc protects bone marrow via its antioxidant capacity against ROS produced via exposure to X-rays and the cytotoxic action of transiently elevated corticosterone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Bo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Institute for Promotion of Medical Science Research, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nohara
- Laboratory Animal Center, Institute for Promotion of Medical Science Research, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yamada
- Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Miyata
- Miyata Diabetes and Metabolism Clinic, 5-17-21 Fukushima, Fukushima-ku, Osaka 553-0003, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ru Y, Zhang X, Shen B, Yang C, Yu H, Liu Z, Wu X, Li F, Cui J, Lai C, Wang Y, Gao Y. Delayed Reaction of Radiation on the Central Nervous System and Bone System in C57BL/6J Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:337. [PMID: 38203507 PMCID: PMC10779003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide a suitable mouse model of radiation-induced delayed reaction and identify potential targets for drug development related to the prevention and treatment of radiation injury. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to singular (109 cGy/min, 5 Gy*1) and fractional (109 cGy/min, 5 Gy*2) total body irradiation. The behavior and activity of mice were assessed 60 days after ionizing radiation (IR) exposure. After that, the pathological changes and mechanism of the mouse brain and femoral tissues were observed by HE, Nissl, Trap staining micro-CT scanning and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), and Western blot. The results show that singular or fractional IR exposure led to a decrease in spatial memory ability and activity in mice, and the cognitive and motor functions gradually recovered after singular 5 Gy IR in a time-dependent manner, while the fractional 10 Gy IR group could not recover. The decrease in bone density due to the increase in osteoclast number may be relative to the down-regulation of RUNX2, sclerostin, and beta-catenin. Meanwhile, the brain injury caused by IR exposure is mainly linked to the down-regulation of BNDF and Tau. IR exposure leads to memory impairment, reduced activity, and self-recovery, which are associated with time and dose. The mechanism of cognitive and activity damage was mainly related to oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by DNA damage. The damage caused by fractional 10 Gy TBI is relatively stable and can be used as a stable multi-organ injury model for radiation mechanism research and anti-radiation medicine screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuguang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.R.); (X.Z.); (B.S.); (C.Y.); (H.Y.); (Z.L.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (J.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.R.); (X.Z.); (B.S.); (C.Y.); (H.Y.); (Z.L.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (J.C.); (C.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guan B, Li D, Meng A. Development of radiation countermeasure agents for acute radiation syndromes. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:329-336. [PMID: 37642199 PMCID: PMC10486342 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of internal and external exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) has increased alongside the development and implementation of nuclear technology. Therefore, serious security issues have emerged globally, and there has been an increase in the number of studies focusing on radiological prevention and medical countermeasures. Radioprotective drugs are particularly important components of emergency medical preparedness strategies for the clinical management of IR-induced injuries. However, a few drugs have been approved to date to treat such injuries, and the related mechanisms are not entirely understood. Thus, the aim of the present review was to provide a brief overview of the World Health Organization's updated list of essential medicines for 2023 for the proper management of national stockpiles and the treatment of radiological emergencies. This review also discusses the types of radiation-induced health injuries and the related mechanisms, as well as the development of various radioprotective agents, including Chinese herbal medicines, for which significant survival benefits have been demonstrated in animal models of acute radiation syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Guan
- National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal ModelBeijingChina
| | - Deguan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear MedicineInstitute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Aimin Meng
- National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal ModelBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sharma GP, Frei A, Fish B, Gasperetti T, Veley D, Szalewski N, Nissen A, Himburg HA. Biological sex differences in renin angiotensin system enzymes ACE and ACE2 regulate normal tissue response to radiation injury. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1191237. [PMID: 37275232 PMCID: PMC10235526 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1191237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In experimental animal models, biological sex-differences in the manifestation and severity of normal tissue radiation injury have been well-documented. Previously we demonstrated male and female rats have differential and highly reproducible responses to high-dose partial body irradiation (PBI) with male rats having greater susceptibility to both gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome (GI-ARS) and radiation pneumonitis than female rats. Methods: In the current study, we have investigated whether differential expression of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) enzymes angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 contribute to the observed sex-related differences in radiation response. Results: During the period of symptomatic pneumonitis, the relative ratio of ACE to ACE2 (ACE/ACE2) protein in the whole lung was significantly increased by radiation in male rats alone. Systemic treatment with small molecule ACE2 agonist diminazene aceturate (DIZE) increased lung ACE2 activity and reduced morbidity during radiation pneumonitis in both sexes. Notably DIZE treatment also abrogated morbidity in male rats during GI-ARS. We then evaluated the contribution of the irradiated bone marrow (BM) compartment on lung immune cell infiltration and ACE imbalance during pneumonitis. Transplantation of bone marrow from irradiated donors increased both ACE-expressing myeloid cell infiltration and immune ACE activity in the lung during pneumonitis compared to non-irradiated donors. Discussion: Together, these data demonstrate radiation induces a sex-dependent imbalance in the renin-angiotensin system enzymes ACE and ACE2. Additionally, these data suggest a role for ACE-expressing myeloid cells in the pathogenesis of radiation pneumonitis. Finally, the observed sex-differences underscore the need for consideration of sex as a biological variable in the development of medical countermeasures for radiation exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guru Prasad Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Anne Frei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Brian Fish
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Tracy Gasperetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Dana Veley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Nathan Szalewski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Austen Nissen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Heather A. Himburg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Y, Bansal S, Sridharan V, Bansal S, Jayatilake MM, Fernández JA, Griffin JH, Boerma M, Cheema AK. Urinary Metabolomics for the Prediction of Radiation-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040525. [PMID: 37110184 PMCID: PMC10146652 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivors of acute radiation exposures are likely to experience delayed effects that manifest as injury in late-responding organs such as the heart. Noninvasive indicators of radiation-induced cardiac dysfunction are important in the prediction and diagnosis of this disease. In this study, we aimed to identify urinary metabolites indicative of radiation-induced cardiac damage by analyzing previously collected urine samples from a published study. The samples were collected from male and female wild-type (C57BL/6N) and transgenic mice constitutively expressing Activated Protein C (APCHi), a circulating protein with potential cardiac protective properties, that were exposed to 9.5 Gy of γ-rays. We utilized LC-MS-based metabolomics and lipidomics for the analysis of urine samples collected at 24 h, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months post-irradiation. Radiation caused perturbations in the TCA cycle, glycosphingolipid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, purine catabolism, and amino acid metabolites, which were more prominent in wild-type (WT) mice compared to APCHi mice, suggesting a differential response between the two genotypes. After combining genotypes and sexes, we identified a multi-analyte urinary panel at early post-irradiation time points that predicted heart dysfunction using a logistic regression model with a discovery validation study design. These studies demonstrate the utility of a molecular phenotyping approach to develop a urinary biomarker panel predictive of delayed effects of ionizing radiation. It is important to note that no live mice were used or assessed in this study; instead, we focused solely on analyzing previously collected urine samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxiang Li
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular, and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Shivani Bansal
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Vijayalakshmi Sridharan
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4301 West Markham #522-10, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Sunil Bansal
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Meth M. Jayatilake
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jose A. Fernández
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John H. Griffin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marjan Boerma
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4301 West Markham #522-10, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Amrita K. Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular, and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu T, Orschell CM. The delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE): characteristics, mechanisms, animal models, and promising medical countermeasures. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1066-1079. [PMID: 36862990 PMCID: PMC10330482 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2187479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Terrorist use of nuclear weapons and radiation accidents put the human population at risk for exposure to life-threatening levels of radiation. Victims of lethal radiation exposure face potentially lethal acute injury, while survivors of the acute phase are plagued with chronic debilitating multi-organ injuries for years after exposure. Developing effective medical countermeasures (MCM) for the treatment of radiation exposure is an urgent need that relies heavily on studies conducted in reliable and well-characterized animal models according to the FDA Animal Rule. Although relevant animal models have been developed in several species and four MCM for treatment of the acute radiation syndrome are now FDA-approved, animal models for the delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE) have only recently been developed, and there are no licensed MCM for DEARE. Herein, we provide a review of the DEARE including key characteristics of the DEARE gleaned from human data as well as animal, mechanisms common to multi-organ DEARE, small and large animal models used to study the DEARE, and promising new or repurposed MCM under development for alleviation of the DEARE. CONCLUSIONS Intensification of research efforts and support focused on better understanding of mechanisms and natural history of DEARE are urgently needed. Such knowledge provides the necessary first steps toward the design and development of MCM that effectively alleviate the life-debilitating consequences of the DEARE for the benefit of humankind worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christie M Orschell
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|