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Pham TH, Lyashenko IA, Popov VL. Angle-Dependent Adhesive Mechanics in Hard-Soft Cylindrical Material Interfaces. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 18:375. [PMID: 39859847 PMCID: PMC11766757 DOI: 10.3390/ma18020375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2024] [Revised: 01/03/2025] [Accepted: 01/10/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025]
Abstract
In this research, the adhesive contact between a hard steel and a soft elastomer cylinder was experimentally studied. In the experiment, the hard cylinder was indented into the soft one, after which the two cylinders were separated. The contact area between the cylinders was elliptical in shape, and the eccentricity of this increased as the angle between the axes of the contacting cylinders decreased. Additionally, the adhesive pull-off force and the contact area increased with a decrease in the angle between the cylinders. The use of a transparent elastomer allowed for observation of the shape of the contact in real time, which facilitated the creation of videos demonstrating the complete process of contact failure and the evolution of the ellipse shape, depending on the distance between the cylinders and normal force. These findings contribute to a better understanding of adhesive interactions in elliptical contacts between cylinders and can be applied to fields such as soft robotics, material design, and bioengineering, where precise control over adhesion and contact mechanics is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao H. Pham
- Department of System Dynamics and Friction Physics, Institute of Mechanics, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany; (T.H.P.); (V.L.P.)
| | - Iakov A. Lyashenko
- Department of System Dynamics and Friction Physics, Institute of Mechanics, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany; (T.H.P.); (V.L.P.)
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Samarkand State University, Samarkand 140104, Uzbekistan
| | - Valentin L. Popov
- Department of System Dynamics and Friction Physics, Institute of Mechanics, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany; (T.H.P.); (V.L.P.)
- Center of Advanced Studies in Mechanics, Tribology, Bio- and Nanotechnologies, Samarkand State University, Samarkand 140104, Uzbekistan
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Wang J, Ziarnik M, Zhang XF, Jagota A. Biomechanics Model to Characterize Atomic Force Microscopy-Based Virus-Host Cell Adhesion Measurements. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:11546-11553. [PMID: 39316705 PMCID: PMC11613445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c04527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
We present a model for virus-cell adhesion that can be used for quantitative extraction of adhesive properties from atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based force spectroscopy measurements. We extend a previously reported continuum model of viral cell interactions based on a single parameter representing adhesive energy density by using a cohesive zone model in which adhesion is represented by two parameters, a pull-off stress and associated characteristic displacement. This approach accounts for the deformability of the adhesive receptors, such as the Spike protein and transmembrane immunoglobulin and mucin domain (TIM) family that mediate adhesion of SARS-CoV-2 and Ebola viruses, and the omnipresent glycocalyx. Our model represents receptors as a Winkler foundation and aims to predict the pull-off force needed to break the adhesion between the virus and the cell. By comparing the force-separation curves simulated by the model and experimental data, we found that the model can effectively explain the AFM pull-off force trace, thus allowing quantification of the adhesion parameters. Our model provides a more refined understanding of viral cell adhesion and also establishes a framework for interpreting and predicting AFM force spectroscopy measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Wang
- Department
of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Matthew Ziarnik
- Department
of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - X. Frank Zhang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Anand Jagota
- Department
of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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Paul A, Kumar S, Kaoud TS, Pickett MR, Bohanon AL, Zoldan J, Dalby KN, Parekh SH. Biomechanical Dependence of SARS-CoV-2 Infections. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2307-2315. [PMID: 35486915 PMCID: PMC9063985 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Older people have been disproportionately vulnerable to the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with an increased risk of severe complications and death compared to other age groups. A mix of underlying factors has been speculated to give rise to this differential infection outcome including changes in lung physiology, weakened immunity, and severe immune response. Our study focuses on the impact of biomechanical changes in lungs that occur as individuals age, that is, the stiffening of the lung parenchyma and increased matrix fiber density. We used hydrogels with an elastic modulus of 0.2 and 50 kPa and conventional tissue culture surfaces to investigate how infection rate changes with parenchymal tissue stiffness in lung epithelial cells challenged with SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein pseudotyped lentiviruses. Further, we employed electrospun fiber matrices to isolate the effect of matrix density. Given the recent data highlighting the importance of alternative virulent strains, we included both the native strain identified in early 2020 and an early S protein variant (D614G) that was shown to increase the viral infectivity markedly. Our results show that cells on softer and sparser scaffolds, closer resembling younger lungs, exhibit higher infection rates by the WT and D614G variant. This suggests that natural changes in lung biomechanics do not increase the propensity for SARS-CoV-2 infection and that other factors, such as a weaker immune system, may contribute to increased disease burden in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Paul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712,
United States
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering,
Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 98 Gothenburg,
Sweden
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712,
United States
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016,
India
- All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Tamer S. Kaoud
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry,
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712,
United States
| | - Madison R. Pickett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712,
United States
| | - Amanda L. Bohanon
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry,
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712,
United States
| | - Janet Zoldan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712,
United States
| | - Kevin N. Dalby
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry,
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712,
United States
| | - Sapun H. Parekh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712,
United States
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Tang PK, Manandhar A, Hu W, Kang M, Loverde SM. The Interaction of Supramolecular Anticancer Drug Amphiphiles with Phospholipid Membranes. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:370-382. [PMID: 33796816 PMCID: PMC8010983 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00697a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The shape of drug delivery vehicles impacts both the circulation time and the effectiveness of the vehicle. Peptide-based drug amphiphiles (DAs) are promising new candidates as drug delivery vehicles that can self-assemble into shapes such as nanofilament and nanotube (diameter ~ 6-10 nm). The number of conjugated drugs affects the IC50 of these DAs, which is correlated to the effective cellular uptake. Characterizing and optimizing the interaction of these DAs and their assemblies with the cellular membrane is experimentally challenging. Long-time molecular dynamics can determine if the DA molecular structure affects the translocation across and interaction with the cellular membrane. Here, we report long-time atomistic simulation on Anton 2 (up to 25 μs) of these DAs with model cellular membranes. Results indicate that the interaction of these DAs with model cellular membranes is dependent on the number of conjugated drugs. We find that, with increased drug loading, the hydrophobic drug (camptothecin) builds up in the outer hydrophobic core of the membrane, pulling in positively charged peptide groups. Next, we computationally probe the interaction of differing shapes of these model drug delivery vehicles-nanofilament and nanotube-with the same model membranes, finding that the interaction of these nanostructures with the membrane is strongly repulsive. Results suggest that the hydrogen bond density between the nanostructure and the membrane may play a key role in modulating the interaction between the nanostructure and the membrane. Taken together, these results offer important insights for the rational design of peptide-based drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phu K. Tang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, City University of New York2800 Victory Blvd., 6S-238Staten IslandNY 10314USA
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Anjela Manandhar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, City University of New York2800 Victory Blvd., 6S-238Staten IslandNY 10314USA
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - William Hu
- Hunter College High SchoolNew YorkNY 10128USA
| | - Myungshim Kang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, City University of New York2800 Victory Blvd., 6S-238Staten IslandNY 10314USA
| | - Sharon M. Loverde
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, City University of New York2800 Victory Blvd., 6S-238Staten IslandNY 10314USA
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New YorkNew YorkUSA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry and Physics, The Graduate Center of the City University of New YorkNew YorkUSA
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