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Calegari-Alves YP, da Rosa RL, Costa RP, Innocente-Alves C, Faustino AM, Yates JR, Beys-da-Silva WO, Santi L. Lavandula angustifolia oil induces oxidative stress, stiffening of membranes, and cell wall in Cryptococcus spp. Can J Microbiol 2025; 71:1-13. [PMID: 39620440 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2024-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2025]
Abstract
The Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complexes are the etiological agents of cryptococcosis, a disease responsible for 181 000 deaths annually worldwide due to late diagnosis and limited treatment options. Studies focusing on the identification of new substances with antifungal activity, such as essential oils (EOs), are urgently needed. While the antifungal effects of EO have already been suggested, their mechanism of action at the molecular level still requires evaluation. In this work, we assessed the molecular changes induced by the exposure of Cryptococus neoformans (H99) and Cryptococcus deuterogatti (R265) to lavender essential oil (LEO) using a morphological and proteomics approach. The identified proteins were categorized by Gene Ontology according to biological processes and molecular functions, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis was also conducted. Our findings indicate that LEO creates a stressful environment in both strains; however, the response to this stimulus differs between the two species. In C. neoformans, changes were observed in energy metabolism and pathways related to alternative sources of energy and oxidative stress response. In C. deuterogatti, changes were identified in pathways related to cellular architecture, implying that the cell underwent morphological changes such as membrane and cell wall stiffening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohana Porto Calegari-Alves
- Postgraduation Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Rafael Lopes da Rosa
- Postgraduation Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Renata Pereira Costa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Innocente-Alves
- Postgraduation Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Aline Martins Faustino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research - La Jolla, CA 92122, USA
| | - Walter Orlando Beys-da-Silva
- Postgraduation Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Santi
- Postgraduation Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
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Diniz-Lima I, Gomes A, Medeiros M, Guimarães-de-Oliveira JC, Ferreira-dos-Santos IM, Barbosa da Silva-Junior E, Morrot A, Nascimento DO, Freire-de-Lima L, de Brito-Gitirana L, Cruz FF, Decote-Ricardo D, Leonel de Matos Guedes H, Freire-de-Lima CG. IL-22 and IL-23 regulate the anticryptococcal response during Cryptococcus deuterogattii infection. iScience 2024; 27:111054. [PMID: 39635124 PMCID: PMC11615251 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.111054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is a neglected fungal disease that causes many deaths annually, is primarily caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species. They are environmental fungus that engages lung pneumonia and a severe systemic infection. The rising incidence of affected immunocompetent hosts, particularly by the aggressive Cryptococcus deuterogattii (R265), underscores the urgency to understand factors influencing its dissemination. The immunopathogenesis of R265 infection is incompletely understood. Therefore, we investigate the role of IL-22 and IL-23 cytokines during R265 cryptocococcosis. Our findings highlight the crucial role of IL-22 and IL-23 cytokines in lung barrier homeostasis, preventing excessive lung damage. IL-22 not only prevents neutrophil infiltration and IL-17A production but also facilitates eosinophil lung infiltration. Ultimately, this study contributes vital insights into the selective role of IL-22 and IL-23 cytokines in immune activation and tissue regulation during the aggressive R265 lung and systemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Diniz-Lima
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-900, Brazil
| | - Ariel Gomes
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Mayck Medeiros
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elias Barbosa da Silva-Junior
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Morrot
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Tuberculosis Research Center, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Freire-de-Lima
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-900, Brazil
| | - Lycia de Brito-Gitirana
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ferreira Cruz
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-900, Brazil
| | - Debora Decote-Ricardo
- Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Herbert Leonel de Matos Guedes
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-900, Brazil
| | - Celio Geraldo Freire-de-Lima
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-900, Brazil
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de Holanda Fonseca DL, Silva DMWD, de Albuquerque Maranhão FC. Molecular characterization of clinical and environmental isolates from the Cryptococcus neoformans/C. Gattii species complexes of Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1369-1380. [PMID: 38619732 PMCID: PMC11153433 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is one of the major life-threatening opportunistic/systemic fungal diseases of worldwide occurrence, which can be asymptomatic or establish pneumonia and meningoencephalitis mainly in immunosuppressed patients, caused by the Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii species complexes. Acquisition is by inhaling fungal propagules from avian droppings, tree hollows and decaying wood, and the association of the molecular types with geographic origin, virulence and antifungal resistance have epidemiological importance. Since data on cryptococcosis in Alagoas are limited, we sought to determine the molecular types of etiological agents collected from clinical and environmental sources. We evaluated 21 isolates previously collected from cerebrospinal fluid and from environment sources (pigeon droppings and tree hollows) in Maceió-Alagoas (Brazil). Restriction fragment length polymorphism of URA5 gene was performed to characterize among the eight standard molecular types (VNI-VNIV and VGI-VGIV). Among isolates, 66.67% (14) were assigned to C. neoformans VNI - 12 of them (12/14) recovered from liquor and 2 from a tree hollow (2/14). One isolate from pigeon droppings (4.76%) corresponded to C. neoformans VNIV, while five strains from tree hollows and one from pigeon droppings (6, 28.57%) to C. gattii VGII. VNI-type was present in clinical and environmental samples and most C. neoformans infections were observed in HIV-positive patients, while types VNIV and VGII were prevalent in environmental sources in Alagoas. This is the first molecular characterization of Cryptococcus spp. in Alagoas, our study provides additional information on the ecoepidemiology of Cryptococcus spp. in Brazil, contributing to a closer view of the endemic species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denise Maria Wanderlei da Silva
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Sector of Microbiology, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cristina de Albuquerque Maranhão
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Sector of Microbiology, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Federal University of Alagoas, Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, 57072-900, Alagoas, Brazil.
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4
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Santi L, Berger M, Guimarães JA, Calegari-Alves YP, Vainstein MH, Yates JR, Beys-da-Silva WO. Proteomic profile of Cryptococcus gattii biofilm: Metabolic shift and the potential activation of electron chain transport. J Proteomics 2024; 290:105022. [PMID: 37838096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.105022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Cryptococcus gattii is a primary pathogenic fungus that causes pneumonia. This species is also responsible for an outbreak in Vancouver, Canada, and spreading to the mainland and United States. The use of medical devices is often complicated by infections with biofilm-forming microbes with increased resistance to antimicrobial agents and host defense mechanisms. This study investigated the comparative proteome of C. gattii R265 (VGIIa) grown under planktonic and biofilm conditions. A brief comparison with C. neoformans H99 biofilm and the use of different culture medium and surface were also evaluated. Using Multidimensional Protein Identification Technology (MudPIT), 1819 proteins were identified for both conditions, where 150 (8.2%) were considered differentially regulated (up- or down-regulated and unique in biofilm cells). Overall, the proteomic approach suggests that C. gattii R265 biofilm cells are maintained by the induction of electron transport chain for reoxidation, and by alternative energy metabolites, such as succinate and acetate. SIGNIFICANCE: Since C. gattii is considered a primary pathogen and is one of the most virulent and less susceptible to antifungals, understanding how biofilms are maintained is fundamental to search for new targets to control this important mode of growth that is difficult to eradicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucélia Santi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Center of Experimental Research, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Markus Berger
- Center of Experimental Research, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Tick-Pathogen Transmission Unit, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT, United States
| | - Jorge A Guimarães
- Center of Experimental Research, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Yohana Porto Calegari-Alves
- Post-Graduation Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marilene H Vainstein
- Post-Graduation Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Walter O Beys-da-Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Center of Experimental Research, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Zang X, Ke W, Huang Y, Yang C, Song J, Deng H, Zhou M, Wang Q, Zhou Y, Dai B, Qian J, Shen D, Wang L, Xue X. Virulence profiling of Cryptococcus gattii isolates in China: insights from a multi-center study. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0244323. [PMID: 37905820 PMCID: PMC10714995 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02443-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Our study indicates that the molecular typing of Cryptococcus gattii is unrelated to virulence. The integration of animal experiments and clinical prognosis demonstrated that pathogenicity did not exhibit a direct correlation with in vitro virulence phenotypes or molecular genotypes, emphasizing the intricate nature of virulence. In conclusion, our research holds the potential to provide valuable insights into understanding the microbiological attributes of C. gattii in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelei Zang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weixin Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yemei Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Medical Laboratory Center, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Meng Zhou
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Qian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dingxia Shen
- Medical Laboratory Center, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Linqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Xue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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Drakulovski P, Krasteva D, Bellet V, Randazzo S, Roger F, Pottier C, Bertout S. Exposure of Cryptococcus neoformans to Seven Commonly Used Agricultural Azole Fungicides Induces Resistance to Fluconazole as Well as Cross-Resistance to Voriconazole, Posaconazole, Itraconazole and Isavuconazole. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050662. [PMID: 37242332 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-resistance to medical azoles by exposure to azole pesticides is well documented for Aspergillus family fungi but is poorly evaluated for other environmental pathogen fungi, particularly for yeasts belonging to the Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii species complexes. METHODS One thousand C. neoformans yeast were exposed to various concentrations of seven different commonly used azole pesticides. Clones surviving exposure were picked randomly, and their minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, itraconazole and isavuconazole were assessed. RESULTS Depending on the pesticide used for exposure, up to 13.3% of selected Cryptococcus colonies showed a phenotype of resistance to fluconazole, and among them, several showed cross-resistance to another or several other medical azoles. Molecular mechanisms involved in the resistance setups seem to be dependent on ERG11 and AFR1 gene overexpression. CONCLUSION Exposure to any of the seven azole pesticides tested is capable of increasing the MIC of fluconazole in C. neoformans, including up to the level of the fluconazole-resistant phenotype, as well as generating cross-resistance to other medical azoles in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Drakulovski
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, UMI 233 TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, IRD, INSERM U1175, 15 Avenue Charles Flahaut, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Donika Krasteva
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, UMI 233 TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, IRD, INSERM U1175, 15 Avenue Charles Flahaut, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Virginie Bellet
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, UMI 233 TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, IRD, INSERM U1175, 15 Avenue Charles Flahaut, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Randazzo
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, UMI 233 TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, IRD, INSERM U1175, 15 Avenue Charles Flahaut, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Roger
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, UMI 233 TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, IRD, INSERM U1175, 15 Avenue Charles Flahaut, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Cyrille Pottier
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, UMI 233 TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, IRD, INSERM U1175, 15 Avenue Charles Flahaut, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Bertout
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, UMI 233 TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, IRD, INSERM U1175, 15 Avenue Charles Flahaut, 34093 Montpellier, France
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Abstract
Cryptococcosis is a disease caused by the pathogenic fungi Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, both environmental fungi that cause severe pneumonia and may even lead to cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. Although C. neoformans affects more fragile individuals, such as immunocompromised hosts through opportunistic infections, C. gattii causes a serious indiscriminate primary infection in immunocompetent individuals. Typically seen in tropical and subtropical environments, C. gattii has increased its endemic area over recent years, largely due to climatic factors that favor contagion in warmer climates. It is important to point out that not only C. gattii, but the Cryptococcus species complex produces a polysaccharidic capsule with immunomodulatory properties, enabling the pathogenic species of Cryptococccus to subvert the host immune response during the establishment of cryptococcosis, facilitating its dissemination in the infected organism. C. gattii causes a more severe and difficult-to-treat infection, with few antifungals eliciting an effective response during chronic treatment. Much of the immunopathology of this cryptococcosis is still poorly understood, with most studies focusing on cryptococcosis caused by the species C. neoformans. C. gattii became more important in the epidemiological scenario with the outbreaks in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, which resulted in phylogenetic studies of the virulent variant responsible for the severe infection in the region. Since then, the study of cryptococcosis caused by C. gattii has helped researchers understand the immunopathological aspects of different variants of this pathogen.
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Jalene Alves M, Sadalla do Nascimento I, Santana Cruz K, Violeta Fernandes Menescal V, Stephanny Fernandes Menescal L, Svetlana Cavalcante Silva L, Bezerra Pinheiro S, Stephanie Pérez Gómez A, Vicente Braga de Souza J, Dos Santos Lazera M, Beatriz Jackisch Matsuura A. Cryptococcosis in HIV/AIDS patients in northern Brazil: clinical aspects, molecular types and isolation of agents from environmental samples associated with patients. Trop Med Int Health 2022; 27:387-396. [PMID: 35178835 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the state of Amazonas, northern Brazil, cryptococcosis is endemic, with a predominance of C. neoformans in individuals with HIV/AIDS, and C. gattii VGII in non-HIV individuals. The present study analyzed the clinical isolates and clinical-epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients diagnosed with cryptococcosis in a tertiary healthcare facility in Manaus, Amazonas and investigated the presence of agents of cryptococcosis in environmental samples. METHODS A survey was made of data from HIV/AIDS patients diagnosed with cryptococcosis between January 2017 and December 2019, and environmental samples were collected at the patients' and their neighbors' homes. The isolates were submitted to morphophysiological analysis and PCR-RFLP typing to determine the molecular types. RESULTS Clinical-epidemiological characteristics of 55 patients and 75 clinical isolates were analyzed. Neurocriptococcosis was the clinical form observed in 98.2% (n = 54/55) of patients. A total of 38.1% (n = 21/55) of patients died within 100 weeks, of which 21.8% (n = 12/55) died less than a month after the diagnosis of cryptococcosis. C. neoformans VNI (n = 68/75), C. neoformans VNII (n = 1/75), C. gattii VGI (n = 3/75), C. gattii VGII (n = 3/75) were identified. Mixed infection was observed in two patients, one by C. neoformans VNI and VNII and the other by C. neoformans VNI and C. gattii VGI. Cryptococcus VNI was detected in three (n= 3/51) households, one of a patient (n= 1/17) and two households that neighbor patients' houses (n= 2/34). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the prevalence of C. neoformans VNI, which is a cause of cryptococcosis in patients with HIV/AIDS in the state of Amazonas, and revealed a greater diversity of molecular types affecting these patients in the region than in previous studies. In the studied group, a high mortality rate was observed, which reflects the importance of early diagnosis, and evidences cryptococcosis as an AIDS-defining disease and an important public health problem in the region. The home environment proved to be a potential source of infection/reinfection by C. neoformans VNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla Jalene Alves
- Laboratório de Diversidade Microbiana da Amazônia com Importância para a Saúde, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - FIOCRUZ, Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Convenio ILMD/IOC - FIOCRUZ, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Izabella Sadalla do Nascimento
- Laboratório de Diversidade Microbiana da Amazônia com Importância para a Saúde, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - FIOCRUZ, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Katia Santana Cruz
- Laboratório de Micologia Médica, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Silviane Bezerra Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil.,Pós-Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Aline Stephanie Pérez Gómez
- Programa de Residência Médica em Medicina Tropical, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Viera Dourado, Manaus, Brasil
| | | | - Marcia Dos Santos Lazera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Convenio ILMD/IOC - FIOCRUZ, Manaus, Brazil.,Laboratorio de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ani Beatriz Jackisch Matsuura
- Laboratório de Diversidade Microbiana da Amazônia com Importância para a Saúde, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - FIOCRUZ, Manaus, Brazil
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9
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OUP accepted manuscript. Med Mycol 2022; 60:6515954. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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10
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Climate Change and Global Distribution of Cryptococcosis. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89664-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Oliveira LSDS, Pinto LM, de Medeiros MAP, Toffaletti DL, Tenor JL, Barros TF, Neves RP, Neto RGDL, Milan EP, Padovan ACB, Rocha WPDS, Perfect JR, Chaves GM. Comparison of Cryptococcus gattii/ neoformans Species Complex to Related Genera ( Papiliotrema and Naganishia) Reveal Variances in Virulence Associated Factors and Antifungal Susceptibility. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:642658. [PMID: 34277464 PMCID: PMC8281300 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.642658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is an infectious disease of worldwide distribution, caused by encapsulated yeasts belonging to the phylum Basidiomycota. The genus Cryptococcus includes several species distributed around the world. The C. gattii/neoformans species complex is largely responsible for most cases of cryptococcosis. However, clinical series have been published of infections caused by Papiliotrema (Cryptococcus) laurentii and Naganishia albida (Cryptococcus albidus), among other related genera. Here, we examined the pathogenic potential and antifungal susceptibility of C. gattii/neoformans species complex (clades I and II) and related genera (Papiliotrema and Naganishia) isolated from environmental and clinical samples. P. laurentii (clade III), N. liquefasciens/N. albidosimilis (clade IV); and N. adeliensis/N. albida (clade V) strains produced higher levels of phospholipase and hemolysins, whereas the C. gattii/neoformans species complex strains (clades I and II) had markedly thicker capsules, produced more biofilm biomass and melanin, which are known virulence attributes. Interestingly, 40% of C. neoformans strains (clade II) had MICs above the ECV established for this species to amphotericin B. Several non-C. gattii/neoformans species complex (clades III to V) had MICs equal to or above the ECVs established for C. deuterogattii and C. neoformans for all the three antifungal drugs tested. Finally, all the non-C. gattii/neoformans clinical isolates (clades III to V) produced more melanin than the environmental isolates might reflect their particularly enhanced need for melanin during in vivo protection. It is very clear that C. gattii/neoformans species complex (clades I and II) strains, in general, show more similar virulence phenotypes between each other when compared to non-C. gattii/neoformans species complex (clades III to V) isolates. These observations together with the fact that P. laurentii and Naganishia spp. (clades III to V) strains were collected from the outside of a University Hospital, identify features of these yeasts important for environmental and patient colonization and furthermore, define mechanisms for infections with these uncommon pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Sarita de Souza Oliveira
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Mycology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Luciana Magalhães Pinto
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Mycology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Mariana Araújo Paulo de Medeiros
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Mycology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Dena L Toffaletti
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jennifer L Tenor
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Tânia Fraga Barros
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eveline Pipolo Milan
- Department of Infectology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | - John R Perfect
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Guilherme Maranhão Chaves
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Mycology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Firacative C, Meyer W, Castañeda E. Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii Species Complexes in Latin America: A Map of Molecular Types, Genotypic Diversity, and Antifungal Susceptibility as Reported by the Latin American Cryptococcal Study Group. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7040282. [PMID: 33918572 PMCID: PMC8069395 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcosis, a potentially fatal mycosis, is caused by members of the Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complexes. In Latin America, cryptococcal meningitis is still an important health threat with a significant clinical burden. Analysis of publicly available molecular data from 5686 clinical, environmental, and veterinary cryptococcal isolates from member countries of the Latin American Cryptococcal Study Group showed that, as worldwide, C. neoformans molecular type VNI is the most common cause of cryptococcosis (76.01%) in HIV-infected people, followed by C. gattii molecular type VGII (12.37%), affecting mostly otherwise healthy hosts. These two molecular types also predominate in the environment (68.60% for VNI and 20.70% for VGII). Among the scarce number of veterinary cases, VGII is the predominant molecular type (73.68%). Multilocus sequence typing analysis showed that, in Latin America, the C. neoformans population is less diverse than the C. gattii population (D of 0.7104 vs. 0.9755). Analysis of antifungal susceptibility data showed the presence of non-wild-type VNI, VGI, VGII, and VGIII isolates in the region. Overall, the data presented herein summarize the progress that has been made towards the molecular epidemiology of cryptococcal isolates in Latin America, contributing to the characterization of the genetic diversity and antifungal susceptibility of these globally spreading pathogenic yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Firacative
- Studies in Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases (MICROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota 111221, Colombia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-1-297-0200 (ext. 3404)
| | - Wieland Meyer
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Research and Education Network Westmead Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School-Westmead Clinical School, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2145, Australia;
| | - Elizabeth Castañeda
- Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogota 111321, Colombia;
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Lin KH, Lin YP, Ho MW, Chen YC, Chung WH. Molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic analyses of environmental and clinical isolates of Cryptococcus gattii sensu lato in Taiwan. Mycoses 2020; 64:324-335. [PMID: 33037734 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rare occurrence of cryptococcosis caused by Cryptococcus gattii sensu lato (C. gattii s.l.) leads to the difficulties in studying the molecular epidemiology of this globally emerging disease. OBJECTIVES To establish the molecular epidemiological profile of C. gattii s.l. in Taiwan, and understand the genetic relationship between locally endemic and global isolates. METHODS A nationwide survey on environmental C. gattii s.l. in Taiwan was conducted from 2017 to 2019. The geographic distribution and molecular epidemiology based on multilocus sequence typing (MLST) data of the environmental isolates were compared with 18 previously collected clinical isolates. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to elucidate the genetic relationship between the global isolates and the isolates endemic to Taiwan. RESULTS From a total of 622 environmental samples, 104 (16.7%) were positive for C. gattii s.l.. Seven sequence types were identified among the environmental isolates. The genetic population structure showed that the environmental and clinical isolates were closely linked by sequence types and geographical locations. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the association between the C. gattii s.l. isolates in Taiwan and those from South America and South Asia. The recombination test suggested that, in Taiwan, the C. gattii sensu stricto (C. gattii s.s). isolates undergo clonal reproduction and sexual recombination, whereas C. deuterogattii isolates were clonal. CONCLUSIONS The molecular epidemiology of environmental C. gattii s.l. isolates is closely linked to the clinical isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of the environmental isolates provides an insight into the mechanisms underlying reproduction and dispersal of C. gattii s.l. in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsi Lin
- Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Pei Lin
- Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Wang Ho
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Wen-Hsin Chung
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), Taichung, Taiwan
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