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Menegatt JCO, Perosa FF, Gris AH, Piva MM, Serena GC, Bordignon DL, Reck C, Menin Á, Watanabe TTN, Driemeier D. Main Causes of Death in Piglets from Different Brazilian Nursery Farms Based on Clinical, Microbiological, and Pathological Aspects. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3819. [PMID: 38136857 PMCID: PMC10740839 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Necropsies can reveal herd problems or comorbidities that can lead to management corrections, improvements in animal performance, and better decision making. Furthermore, the pattern and causes of mortality might differ when different systems are evaluated. The present study was conducted to establish the main causes of death in nursery pigs from different systems in Brazil, as well as the clinical, microbiological, and pathological aspects of these mortalities. Eighteen nurseries were analyzed (a total of 120,243 housed piglets), and 557 necropsies were performed. Streptococcus suis infection was the most prevalent cause of death (21.2%), followed by bacterial polyserositis (16.7%), chronic atrophic enteritis (13.5%), salmonellosis (8.8%), pneumonia (8.6%), and colibacillosis (6.1%). The increase in mortality rate in individual nurseries and, consequently, in the diagnoses was commonly associated with disease outbreaks. Infectious diseases constituted the largest portion of the diagnoses, making a great opportunity for improving production rates in herds. Moreover, the extensive range of observed diagnoses highlights the importance of conducting preliminary diagnostic investigations based on necropsy to determine the causes of death. This approach allows for the direction of complementary tests, which can diagnose agents with greater specificity. As a result, this allows for the implementation of more effective prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Carlo Olivo Menegatt
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil; (F.F.P.); (A.H.G.); (M.M.P.); (G.C.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Fernanda Felicetti Perosa
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil; (F.F.P.); (A.H.G.); (M.M.P.); (G.C.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Anderson Hentz Gris
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil; (F.F.P.); (A.H.G.); (M.M.P.); (G.C.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Manoela Marchezan Piva
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil; (F.F.P.); (A.H.G.); (M.M.P.); (G.C.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Guilherme Carvalho Serena
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil; (F.F.P.); (A.H.G.); (M.M.P.); (G.C.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Diego Luiz Bordignon
- Cargill Alimentos Ltd.a., Av. José Bonifácio Coutinho Nogueira, 150, Campinas 13091-611, SP, Brazil;
| | - Carolina Reck
- VERTÀ Laboratórios, Instituto de Pesquisa e Diagnóstico Veterinário, Av. Lions, 1380—Nossa Senhora Aparecida, Curitibanos 89520-000, SC, Brazil; (C.R.); (Á.M.)
| | - Álvaro Menin
- VERTÀ Laboratórios, Instituto de Pesquisa e Diagnóstico Veterinário, Av. Lions, 1380—Nossa Senhora Aparecida, Curitibanos 89520-000, SC, Brazil; (C.R.); (Á.M.)
- Departamento de Biociências e Saúde Única, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, R. Germano A. Souza, Curitibanos 89520-000, SC, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Terumi Negrão Watanabe
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA;
- Antech Diagnostics, West Olympic Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - David Driemeier
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil; (F.F.P.); (A.H.G.); (M.M.P.); (G.C.S.); (D.D.)
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Liu J, Li B, Tao J, Cheng J, Shi Y, Qiao C, Shen X, Liu H. Development of an indirect ELISA method based on the VP1 protein for detection of IgG antibodies against porcine sapelovirus. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2023; 87:176-183. [PMID: 37397630 PMCID: PMC10291703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) is a newly emerging enterovirus that is widely prevalent in China. Since there is no clinical serological testing for PSV, the objective of this study was to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA) for detection of PSV immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody in pigs. A PSV strain, named SHPD202148, was first isolated from the fecal samples of piglets. Its structural protein, VP1, was prokaryotic-expressed in the pET expression system, followed by purification. Using the recombinant protein with reactogenicity as coating antigen, an i-ELISA, characterized by high sensitivity and specificity, had a detection limit at 1:12 800 dilution with a determined cutoff value of 0.352. Finally, field sera collected from different pig herds were tested in parallel by the serum neutralization (SN) test. The result showed that 126 samples were positive and 36 were negative, with an agreement of 97.0% in both cases. This i-ELISA can be used as an alternative serological test for detecting antibodies against PSV in blood serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, PR China (J. Liu, Li, Tao, Cheng, Shi, Qiao, Shen, H. Liu); National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China (J. Liu)
| | - Benqiang Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, PR China (J. Liu, Li, Tao, Cheng, Shi, Qiao, Shen, H. Liu); National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China (J. Liu)
| | - Jie Tao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, PR China (J. Liu, Li, Tao, Cheng, Shi, Qiao, Shen, H. Liu); National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China (J. Liu)
| | - Jinghua Cheng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, PR China (J. Liu, Li, Tao, Cheng, Shi, Qiao, Shen, H. Liu); National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China (J. Liu)
| | - Ying Shi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, PR China (J. Liu, Li, Tao, Cheng, Shi, Qiao, Shen, H. Liu); National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China (J. Liu)
| | - Changtao Qiao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, PR China (J. Liu, Li, Tao, Cheng, Shi, Qiao, Shen, H. Liu); National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China (J. Liu)
| | - Xiaohui Shen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, PR China (J. Liu, Li, Tao, Cheng, Shi, Qiao, Shen, H. Liu); National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China (J. Liu)
| | - Huili Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, PR China (J. Liu, Li, Tao, Cheng, Shi, Qiao, Shen, H. Liu); National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China (J. Liu)
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Liang W, Wu X, Ding Z, Zhong S, Qian X, Ye P, Liu H, Chen Z, Zhang J, Cao H, Hu G, Luo J, Li Z, Ding N, Hu R. Identification of a novel porcine Teschovirus 2 strain as causative agent of encephalomyelitis in suckling piglets with high mortality in China. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:2. [PMID: 36597091 PMCID: PMC9810521 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine Teschovirus (PTV), also named Teschovirus A, is prevalent in pig populations, mainly causing neurological symptoms, diarrhea, pneumonia, and reproductive failure, however the morbidity and mortality are usually low in pig farms. CASE PRESENTATION In this study, we reported a PTV outbreak investigation in one large-scale pig farm in China with severe symptoms including diarrhea, lethargy, locomotor ataxia, nystagmus, paralysis of the hind limbs, and coma in piglets. More importantly, the mortality reached 38% in suckling pigs, which is remarkably high in PTV history. A novel PTV strain, named HeNZ1, was isolated from cerebral samples of one suckling pig and the genome sequence was obtained by NGS sequencing. Phylogenetic and evolutionary divergence analyses revealed that HeNZ1 belongs to PTV genotype 2. Surprisingly, the VP1 coding region of HeNZ1 shares the highest sequence similarity with European PTV-2 strains, instead of China domestic PTV-2 strains, implying it may not derive from China local PTV-2 strains. Multiple sequence alignment and B cell epitope prediction of PTV VP1 and VP2 protein revealed 10 B cell epitopes, 5 mutant clusters and 36 unique mutation sites, of which 19 unique mutation sites are located in B cell epitopes and exposed on the surface of VP1 or VP2, implying significant antigenic drift potential of HeNZ1. CONCLUSION These results indicate that HeNZ1 is a highly virulent PTV-2 strain, which capable of causing severe neurological symptoms and high mortality in piglets. Bioinformatic analysis suggest that HeNZ1 is genetically and antigenically different from other Chinese PTV-2 strains. Overall, current case expanded our understanding of PTV-2 clinical spectrum and revealed the emergence of a highly virulent PTV-2 strain with substantial genetic diversity and antigenic drift potential in VP1 and VP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Liang
- grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China ,grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China
| | - Xiangdong Wu
- grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China
| | - Zhen Ding
- grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China
| | - Shengwei Zhong
- grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China
| | - Xinjie Qian
- grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China
| | - Pei Ye
- grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China
| | - Hao Liu
- grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China
| | - Zheng Chen
- grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China
| | - Huabin Cao
- grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China ,grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China ,grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China
| | - Junrong Luo
- grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China ,grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China
| | - Zuohua Li
- grid.257160.70000 0004 1761 0331College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Nengshui Ding
- grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China ,Key Laboratory of Swine Nutrition and Feed Science of Fujian Province, Aonong Group, Zhangzhou, 363000 China
| | - Ruiming Hu
- grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China ,grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China
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Piva MM, Schwertz CI, Henker LC, Bianchi RM, Kemper RT, de Almeida BA, Nagae RY, Michaelsen TR, Pavarini SP. Non-ambulatory pigs in two Brazilian growing-finishing farms: a clinic, etiological and pathological perspective on 76 cases. Porcine Health Manag 2022; 8:36. [PMID: 35948945 PMCID: PMC9364575 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-022-00279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-ambulatory pigs, colloquially known as downers or downed pigs, are animals presented with limited to no mobility, usually as a result of pre-existing neurologic or musculoskeletal conditions. Impaired ambulation is a major cause of euthanasia in pigs, leading to economic losses and animal welfare concerns. Additionally, reaching the underlying diagnosis of impaired ambulation in pigs is commonly a challenging task for swine practitioners. The aim of this necropsy-based study was to report the clinical, etiological, and pathological findings of 76 non-ambulatory grower-finisher pigs, and to correlate tail-biting lesions with the causes of death/reason for euthanasia in non-ambulatory pigs. Necropsies of downed pigs were performed during on-site visits to two pig farms in southern Brazil. Results The diagnosis of the conditions was based on the clinical, macroscopic, histopathological, bacteriological, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings. The diseases diagnosed in non-ambulatory pigs in this study were suppurative arthritis (29/76), suppurative spondylitis (10/76), PVC-2 associated diseases (8/76), bone fracture (7/76), non-suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis (4/76), suppurative meningoencephalitis (6/76), fibrocartilaginous thromboembolism (3/76), epiphysiolysis (3/76), ascending bacterial myelitis (3/76), and other conditions (3/76). The frequency of suppurative arthritis, suppurative spondylitis, and ascending bacterial myelitis/meningitis was higher in pigs with tail biting lesions than controls (P < 0.001). Conclusions Non-ambulatory pigs were observed during the entire rearing period, however, the occurrence of non-ambulatory pigs increased in animals aged ≥ 150 days. Infectious diseases were the most common cause of downed pigs, mainly associated with chronic bacterial infections. Tail biting lesions were an important predisposing factor to suppurative arthritis, suppurative spondylitis, and ascending bacterial myelitis/meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoela Marchezan Piva
- Departament of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul - UFRGS, 9090 Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil.
| | - Claiton I Schwertz
- Departament of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul - UFRGS, 9090 Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Luan Cleber Henker
- Departament of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul - UFRGS, 9090 Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Michel Bianchi
- Departament of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul - UFRGS, 9090 Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Regina Tose Kemper
- Departament of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul - UFRGS, 9090 Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno Albuquerque de Almeida
- Departament of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul - UFRGS, 9090 Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Yuiti Nagae
- Animal Health Laboratory, Seara Alimentos LTDA, 155 Av. Paludo, Industrial, Seara, Santa Catarina, 89770-000, Brazil
| | - Taís Regina Michaelsen
- Animal Health Laboratory, Seara Alimentos LTDA, 155 Av. Paludo, Industrial, Seara, Santa Catarina, 89770-000, Brazil
| | - Saulo Petinatti Pavarini
- Departament of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul - UFRGS, 9090 Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
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László Z, Pankovics P, Reuter G, Cságola A, Bodó K, Gáspár G, Albert M, Bíró H, Boros Á. Development and Large-Scale Testing of a Novel One-Step Triplex RT-qPCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection of “Neurotropic” Porcine Sapeloviruses, Teschoviruses (Picornaviridae) and Type 3 Porcine Astroviruses (Astroviridae) in Various Samples including Nasal Swabs. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030513. [PMID: 35336920 PMCID: PMC8952109 DOI: 10.3390/v14030513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine sapeloviruses, teschoviruses of family Picornaviridae and type 3 porcine astroviruses of family Astroviridae are (re-)emerging enteric pathogens that could be associated with severe, disseminated infections in swine, affecting multiple organs including the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, small-scale pioneer studies indicate the presence of these viruses in porcine nasal samples to various extents. The laboratory diagnostics are predominantly based on the detection of the viral RNA from faecal and tissue samples using different nucleic-acid-based techniques such as RT-qPCR. In this study, a novel highly sensitive one-step triplex RT-qPCR assay was introduced which can detect all known types of neurotropic sapelo-, tescho- and type 3 astroviruses in multiple types of samples of swine. The assay was evaluated using in vitro synthesized RNA standards and a total of 142 archived RNA samples including known sapelo-, tescho- and type 3 astrovirus positive and negative CNS, enteric and nasal specimens. The results of a large-scale epidemiological investigation of these viruses on n = 473 nasal swab samples from n = 28 industrial-type swine farms in Hungary indicate that all three neurotropic viruses, especially type 3 astroviruses, are widespread and endemically present on most of the investigated farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán László
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (Z.L.); (P.P.); (G.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Péter Pankovics
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (Z.L.); (P.P.); (G.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Gábor Reuter
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (Z.L.); (P.P.); (G.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Attila Cságola
- Ceva Phylaxia Ltd., 1107 Budapest, Hungary; (A.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Kornélia Bodó
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u, 12, 7643 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Gábor Gáspár
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (Z.L.); (P.P.); (G.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Mihály Albert
- Ceva Phylaxia Ltd., 1107 Budapest, Hungary; (A.C.); (M.A.)
| | | | - Ákos Boros
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (Z.L.); (P.P.); (G.R.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-72-536-251
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Hammerschmitt ME, Schwertz CI, Lopes BC, Pereira PR, Frandoloso R, Driemeier D. Clinical and pathological aspects of an outbreak of Streptococcus suis serotype 9 infection in pigs. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Streptococcus suis is a Gram-positive pathogen that inhabits the upper respiratory tract and can cause severe systemic inflammatory disease in pigs, mainly during the nursery phase. Streptococcus suis is a reemergent pathogen, and outbreaks of its inducing disease represent significant economic losses for the pig industry worldwide. In this study, we described the clinical, pathological, and molecular aspects of an outbreak of S. suis infection with atypically high mortality. The outbreak occurred in nursery farms integrated into a cooperative in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Of the 30 nurseries, 10 were severely affected by the pathogen and had high economic losses. Clinical signs usually started approximately 10 days after weaning and were mainly characterized by acute nervous and locomotor disorders. The mortality of the affected batches usually ranged between 8% and 10%, but in some cases, it reached 18%. Nine piglets were submitted to post mortem examination. Macroscopically, the synovial joints were enlarged and contained fibrinous exudates. In the central nervous system, there was hyperemia of the leptomeningeal vessels associated with deposition of fibrin and purulent exudate in the leptomeninges. In three piglets, there was thickening of the choroid plexus associated with dilation of the lateral ventricles. Microscopic lesions were characterized mainly by fibrinosuppurative inflammation, which involved the synovial membranes, leptomeninges of the brain, and spinal cord. Furthermore, it also affects the choroid plexus, ependyma, nerve roots, and central canal of the spinal cord. S. suis was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid, meningeal swabs, and/or synovial fluid of 8/9 piglets, and typified as serotype 9 by multiplex PCR.
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Flores C, Ariyama N, Bennett B, Mena J, Verdugo C, Mor S, Brito B, Ramírez-Toloza G, Neira V. Case Report: First Report and Phylogenetic Analysis of Porcine Astroviruses in Chile. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:764837. [PMID: 34901251 PMCID: PMC8656452 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.764837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine Astrovirus (PoAstV) causes mild diarrhea in young pigs and is considered an emerging virus in the swine industry worldwide. PoAstV has high genetic diversity and has been classified into five genetic lineages, PoAstV1–5. In Chile, only human astroviruses have been reported. This study aimed to determine the presence and genetic diversity of PoAstV circulating in intensive pig farms in Chile. Seventeen Chilean intensive swine farms from Valparaíso, Metropolitana, O'Higgins, Ñuble and Araucanía regions were sampled. A selection of oral fluid and fecal material samples from 1–80 days-old pigs were collected and analyzed using next-generation sequencing. The circulation of PoAstV was confirmed in all studied farms. We obtained complete or partial sequences of PoAstV-2 (n = 3), PoAstV-4 (n = 2), and PoAstV-5 (n = 7). In 15 out of 17 farms, we detected more than one lineage co-circulating. Phylogenetic analyses grouped the seven PoAstV-5 strains in a monophyletic cluster, closely related to the United States PoAstV-5 strains. The three PoAstV-2 were located into two separate sub-clusters. PoAstV-4 sequences are also grouped in two different clusters, all related to Japanese strains. Thus, our results indicate that PoAstV circulates in Chile with high frequency and diversity. However, the lack of reference sequences impairs local evolution patterns establishment and regional comparisons. This is the first contribution of PoAstV genomes in Latin America; more studies are needed to understand the diversity and impact of PoAstV on swine health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Flores
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, Chile
| | - Naomi Ariyama
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, Chile
| | - Benjamín Bennett
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, Chile
| | - Juan Mena
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, Chile
| | - Claudio Verdugo
- Instituto de Patología Animal, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Sunil Mor
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Barbara Brito
- The Ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Galia Ramírez-Toloza
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, Chile
| | - Victor Neira
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, Chile
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