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Li H, Chen M, Zheng T, Lei X, Lin C, Li S, Mo J, Ning Z. IFITM1 and IFITM2 inhibit the replication of senecavirus A by positive feedback with RIG-I signaling pathway. Vet Microbiol 2024; 292:110050. [PMID: 38484578 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The role of host factors in the replication of emerging senecavirus A (SVA) which induced porcine idiopathic vesicular disease (PIVD) distributed worldwide remains obscure. Here, interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) protein 1 and 2 inhibit SVA replication by positive feedback with RIG-I signaling pathway was reported. The expression levels of IFITM1 and IFITM2 increased significantly in SVA infected 3D4/21 cells. Infection experiments of cells with over and interference expression of IFITM1 and IFITM2 showed that these two proteins inhibit SVA replication by regulating the expression of interferon beta (IFN-β), IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG-15), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IFN regulatory factor-3 (IRF3), and IRF7. Further results showed that antiviral responses of IFITM1 and IFITM2 were achieved by activating retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) signaling pathway which in turn enhanced the expression of IFITM1 and IFITM2. It is noteworthy that conserved domains of these two proteins also paly the similar role. These findings provide new data on the role of host factors in infection and replication of SVA and help to develop new agents against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoling Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Cunhao Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuo Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiacong Mo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhangyong Ning
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China.
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Calderón LCL, Cabanne GS, Marcos A, Novo SG, Torres C, Perez AM, Pybus OG, König GA. Phylodynamic analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus evolution in Mar Chiquita, Argentina. Arch Virol 2024; 169:101. [PMID: 38630189 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals, resulting in considerable economic losses. Its causal agent is foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), a picornavirus. Due to its error-prone replication and rapid evolution, the transmission and evolutionary dynamics of FMDV can be studied using genomic epidemiological approaches. To analyze FMDV evolution and identify possible transmission routes in an Argentinean region, field samples that tested positive for FMDV by PCR were obtained from 21 farms located in the Mar Chiquita district. Whole FMDV genome sequences were obtained by PCR amplification in seven fragments and sequencing using the Sanger technique. The genome sequences obtained from these samples were then analyzed using phylogenetic, phylogeographic, and evolutionary approaches. Three local transmission clusters were detected among the sampled viruses. The dataset was analyzed using Bayesian phylodynamic methods with appropriate coalescent and relaxed molecular clock models. The estimated mean viral evolutionary rate was 1.17 × 10- 2 substitutions/site/year. No significant differences in the rate of viral evolution were observed between farms with vaccinated animals and those with unvaccinated animals. The most recent common ancestor of the sampled sequences was dated to approximately one month before the first reported case in the outbreak. Virus transmission started in the south of the district and later dispersed to the west, and finally arrived in the east. Different transmission routes among the studied herds, such as non-replicating vectors and close contact contagion (i.e., aerosols), may be responsible for viral spread.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo S Cabanne
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Marcos
- Coordinación general de Epidemiología y Análisis de Riesgo, SENASA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Galdo Novo
- DGLYCT - Dirección de Laboratorio Animal, SENASA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Torres
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular FFyB, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés M Perez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, UMN, St Paul, USA
| | - Oliver G Pybus
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guido A König
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Zhang J, Wang P, Li Z, Xie Y, Jin N, Zhang H, Lu H, Han J. Adjuvant screening of the Senecavirus A inactivated vaccine in mice and evaluation of its immunogenicity in pigs. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:82. [PMID: 38448902 PMCID: PMC10916230 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Senecavirus A (SVA) causes an emerging vesicular disease (VD) with clinical symptoms indistinguishable from other vesicular diseases, including vesicular stomatitis (VS), foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), and swine vesicular disease (SVD). Currently, SVA outbreaks have been reported in Canada, the U.S.A, Brazil, Thailand, Vietnam, Colombia, and China. Based on the experience of prevention and control of FMDV, vaccines are the best means to prevent SVA transmission. RESULTS After preparing an SVA inactivated vaccine (CH-GX-01-2019), we evaluated the immunogenicity of the SVA inactivated vaccine mixed with Imject® Alum (SVA + AL) or Montanide ISA 201 (SVA + 201) adjuvant in mice, as well as the immunogenicity of the SVA inactivated vaccine combined with Montanide ISA 201 adjuvant in post-weaned pigs. The results of the mouse experiment showed that the immune effects in the SVA + 201 group were superior to that in the SVA + AL group. Results from pigs immunized with SVA inactivated vaccine combined with Montanide ISA 201 showed that the immune effects were largely consistent between the SVA-H group (200 µg) and SVA-L group (50 µg); the viral load in tissues and blood was significantly reduced and no clinical symptoms occurred in the vaccinated pigs. CONCLUSIONS Montanide ISA 201 is a better adjuvant choice than the Imject® Alum adjuvant in the SVA inactivated vaccine preparation, and the CH-GX-01-2019 SVA inactivated vaccine can provide effective protection for pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Zhang
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuoxin Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yubiao Xie
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - He Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Huijun Lu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Jicheng Han
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
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Song J, Guo Y, Wang D, Quan R, Wang J, Liu J. Seneca Valley virus 3C protease cleaves OPTN (optineurin) to Impair selective autophagy and type I interferon signaling. Autophagy 2024; 20:614-628. [PMID: 37930946 PMCID: PMC10936645 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2277108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV) causes vesicular disease in pigs, posing a threat to global pork production. OPTN (optineurin) is a macroautophagy/autophagy receptor that restricts microbial propagation by targeting specific viral or bacterial proteins for degradation. OPTN is degraded and cleaved at glutamine 513 following SVV infection via the activity of viral 3C protease (3C[pro]), resulting in N-terminal and a C-terminal OPTN fragments. Moreover, OPTN interacts with VP1 and targets VP1 for degradation to inhibit viral replication. The N-terminal cleaved OPTN sustained its interaction with VP1, whereas the degradation capacity targeting VP1 decreased. The inhibitory effect of N-terminal OPTN against SVV infection was significantly reduced, C-terminal OPTN failed to inhibit viral replication, and degradation of VP1 was blocked. The knockdown of OPTN resulted in reduced TBK1 activation and phosphorylation of IRF3, whereas overexpression of OPTN led to increased TBK1-IRF3 signaling. Additionally, the N-terminal OPTN diminished the activation of the type I IFN (interferon) pathway. These results show that SVV 3C[pro] targets OPTN because its cleavage impairs its function in selective autophagy and type I IFN production, revealing a novel model in which the virus develops diverse strategies for evading host autophagic machinery and type I IFN response for survival.Abbreviations: Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; GFP-green fluorescent protein; hpi: hours post-infection; HRP: horseradish peroxidase; IFN: interferon; IFNB/IFN-β: interferon beta; IRF3: interferon regulatory factor 3; LIR: LC3-interacting region; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MOI: multiplicity of infection; OPTN: optineurin; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; SVV: Seneca Valley virus; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TAX1BP1: Tax1 binding protein 1; TBK1: TANK binding kinase 1; TCID50: 50% tissue culture infectious doses; UBAN: ubiquitin binding in TNIP/ABIN (TNFAIP3/A20 and inhibitor of NFKB/NF-kB) and IKBKG/NEMO; UBD: ubiquitin-binding domain; ZnF: zinc finger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yitong Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Quan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Nouwen LV, Breeuwsma M, Zaal EA, van de Lest CHA, Buitendijk I, Zwaagstra M, Balić P, Filippov DV, Berkers CR, van Kuppeveld FJM. Modulation of nucleotide metabolism by picornaviruses. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012036. [PMID: 38457376 PMCID: PMC10923435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses actively reprogram the metabolism of the host to ensure the availability of sufficient building blocks for virus replication and spreading. However, relatively little is known about how picornaviruses-a large family of small, non-enveloped positive-strand RNA viruses-modulate cellular metabolism for their own benefit. Here, we studied the modulation of host metabolism by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), a member of the enterovirus genus, and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), a member of the cardiovirus genus, using steady-state as well as 13C-glucose tracing metabolomics. We demonstrate that both CVB3 and EMCV increase the levels of pyrimidine and purine metabolites and provide evidence that this increase is mediated through degradation of nucleic acids and nucleotide recycling, rather than upregulation of de novo synthesis. Finally, by integrating our metabolomics data with a previously acquired phosphoproteomics dataset of CVB3-infected cells, we identify alterations in phosphorylation status of key enzymes involved in nucleotide metabolism, providing insight into the regulation of nucleotide metabolism during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonneke V. Nouwen
- Section of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Breeuwsma
- Section of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther A. Zaal
- Division Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris H. A. van de Lest
- Division Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Buitendijk
- Section of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Zwaagstra
- Section of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Balić
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V. Filippov
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Celia R. Berkers
- Division Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J. M. van Kuppeveld
- Section of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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6
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Tao Q, Xu L, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Liu Z, Xu T, Lai S, Ai Y, Zhu L, Xu Z. The construction and immunogenicity analyses of a recombinant pseudorabies virus with Senecavirus A VP3 protein co-expression. Vet Microbiol 2024; 290:110011. [PMID: 38310713 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA)-associated porcine idiopathic vesicular disease (PIVD) and Pseudorabies (PR) are highly contagious swine disease that pose a significant threat to the global pig industry. In the absence of an effective commercial vaccine, outbreaks caused by SVA have occurred in many parts of the world. In this study, the PRV variant strain PRV-XJ was used as the parental strain to construct a recombinant PRV strain with the TK/gE/gI proteins deletion and the VP3 protein co-expression, named rPRV-XJ-ΔTK/gE/gI-VP3. The results revealed that PRV is a suitable viral live vector for VP3 protein expressing. As a vaccine, rPRV-XJ-ΔTK/gE/gI-VP3 is safe for mice, vaccination with it did not cause any clinical symptoms of PRV. Intranasal immunization with rPRV-XJ-ΔTK/gE/gI-VP3 induced strong cellular immune response and high levels of specific antibody against VP3 and gB and neutralizing antibodies against both PRV and SVA in mice. It provided 100% protection to mice against the challenge of virulent strain PRV-XJ, and alleviated the pathological lesion of heart and liver tissue in SVA infected mice. rPRV-XJ-ΔTK/gE/gI-VP3 appears to be a promising vaccine candidate against PRV and SVA for the control of the PRV variant and SVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanting Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zheyan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Siyuan Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanru Ai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Yin C, Zhao H, Xia X, Pan Z, Li D, Zhang L. Picornavirus 2C proteins: structure-function relationships and interactions with host factors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1347615. [PMID: 38465233 PMCID: PMC10921941 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1347615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Picornaviruses, which are positive-stranded, non-enveloped RNA viruses, are known to infect people and animals with a broad spectrum of diseases. Among the nonstructural proteins in picornaviruses, 2C proteins are highly conserved and exhibit multiple structural domains, including amphipathic α-helices, an ATPase structural domain, and a zinc finger structural domain. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the functional structures of picornaviruses' 2C protein. We summarize the mechanisms by which the 2C protein enhances viral replication. 2C protein interacts with various host factors to form the replication complex, ultimately promoting viral replication. We review the mechanisms through which picornaviruses' 2C proteins interact with the NF-κB, RIG-I, MDA5, NOD2, and IFN pathways, contributing to the evasion of the antiviral innate immune response. Additionally, we provide an overview of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs for treating various enterovirus infections, such as guanidine hydrochloride, fluoxetine, and dibucaine derivatives. These drugs may exert their inhibitory effects on viral infections by targeting interactions with 2C proteins. The review underscores the need for further research to elucidate the precise mechanisms of action of 2C proteins and to identify additional host factors for potential therapeutic intervention. Overall, this review contributes to a deeper understanding of picornaviruses and offers insights into the antiviral strategies against these significant viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haomiao Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xia
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengyang Pan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Daoqun Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Leiliang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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8
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Savard C, Wang L. Identification and Genomic Characterization of Bovine Boosepivirus A in the United States and Canada. Viruses 2024; 16:307. [PMID: 38400082 PMCID: PMC10893527 DOI: 10.3390/v16020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Boosepivirus is a new genus in the Picornaviridae family. Boosepiviruses (BooVs) are genetically classified into three species: A, B, and C. Initially, Boosepivirus A and B were identified in cattle, whereas Boosepivirus C was detected in sheep. Recent evidence showed that Boosepivirus B was detected in sheep and Boosepivirus C was identified in goats, suggesting that Boosepvirus might cross the species barrier to infect different hosts. Different from BooV B, BooV A is less studied. In the present study, we reported identification of two North American BooV A strains from cattle. Genomic characterization revealed that US IL33712 (GenBank accession #PP035161) and Canada 1087562 (GenBank accession #PP035162) BooV A strains are distantly related to each other, and US IL33712 is more closely correlated to two Asian BooV A strains. US-strain-specific insertions, NorthAmerican-strain-specific insertions, and species A-specific insertions are observed and could contribute to viral pathogenicity and host adaptation. Our findings highlight the importance of continued surveillance of BooV A in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Savard
- Biovet Inc., 4375, Avenue Beaudry, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8W2, Canada;
| | - Leyi Wang
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
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Kim H, Buckley A, Guo B, Kulshreshtha V, Geelen AV, Montiel N, Lager K, Yoon KJ. Experimental Seneca Valley virus infection in sows and their offspring. Vet Microbiol 2024; 289:109958. [PMID: 38181600 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Neonatal mortality has been increasingly reported on swine breeding farms experiencing swine idiopathic vesicular disease (SIVD) outbreaks, which can be accompanied by lethargy, diarrhea, and neurologic signs in neonates. Seneca Valley Virus (SVV), or Senecavirus A, has been detected in clinical samples taken from pigs with SIVD. Experimental SVV inoculation has caused vesicular disease in pigs, particularly during the stages from weaning to finishing. However, it remains crucial to investigate whether SVV directly contributes to the increase in neonatal mortality rates. The following study was conducted to chronicle the pathogenesis of SVV infection in sows and their offspring. Ten sows were intranasally inoculated with 4.75 × 107 plaque-forming units of the virus per sow either late in gestation (n = 5) or within fourteen days of farrowing (n = 5). Each sow replicated SVV following intranasal inoculation, but only one out of ten sows developed a vesicular lesion on the snout. Evidence of transplacental infection was observed in two litters, and an additional two litters became infected following parturition out of five litters from sows inoculated in late gestation. No clinical signs were observed in the infected neonates. Likewise, no clinical signs were observed in the other five litters inoculated after farrowing, although each piglet did replicate the challenge virus. In this study, the experimental challenge of SVV did not result in neonatal mortality in contrast to observations in the field; however, it has shed light on the pathogenesis of the virus, the transmission of SVV between sows and their offspring, and host immune response that can help shape control measures in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Alexandra Buckley
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Baoqing Guo
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Vikas Kulshreshtha
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Albert van Geelen
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Nestor Montiel
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Kelly Lager
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Kyoung-Jin Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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Zhang J, Wang P, Li Z, Xie Y, Jin N, Han J, Zhang H, Lu H. Construction and immunogenicity of Senecavirus A virus-like particle vaccine with adjuvant. Vet Microbiol 2024; 289:109971. [PMID: 38181599 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is constantly associated with vesicular disease in pigs, and the clinical symptoms of pig infection with SVA are indistinguishable from other porcine vesicular diseases. Vaccine is one of the best methods to eliminate and control the spread of SVA. Virus-like particles (VLPs) can play important roles in prevention for infectious diseases. Here, the SVA VLPs was assembled by the baculovirus expression vector system, and the immunogenicity of the SVA VLPs mixed with different adjuvants were evaluated in mice and pigs. Two recombinant baculoviruses (rPFBD-VP1-VP3 and rPFBD-VP2-VP4) were constructed, which co-infected with Sf9 suspension cells to assemble SVA VLPs successfully. SVA VLPs mixed with ISA201 adjuvant and ISA201 +Poly(I:C) adjuvant produced higher levels of neutralizing antibody, specific antibody (total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b) and cytokines in the T cells. And there was no significant difference between SVA VLPs+ 201 group and SVA VLPs+Poly(I:C)+ 201 group. Pigs immunized with high dose of SVA VLPs mixed with ISA201 adjuvant could produce higher titers of neutralizing antibody and SVA-specific antibody. Furthermore, the protection rates of SVA VLPs-H and SVA VLPs-L were 100% and 80%, and the viral load of SVA VLPs-H group is the lowest in all SVA VLPs groups. It is the first time to develop the SVA VLPs using the baculovirus expression vector system, which may lay the foundation for the research and development of SVA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuoxin Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yubiao Xie
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China; Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jicheng Han
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China; Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
| | - He Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Huijun Lu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
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Kaur R, Maan S, Batra K, Singh N, Chahal N, Kumar A. Rapid detection of porcine sapelovirus by reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:178. [PMID: 38252231 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine Sapelovirus (PSV) infection has been confirmed in pigs worldwide, mostly asymptomatic, but in some cases, it can lead to significant issues in the gastrointestinal, respiratory, neurological, or reproductive systems. PSV is considered an emerging pathogen of porcine species. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a simple and fast isothermal technique that uses three enzymes for amplification without the use of any sophisticated equipment. METHODS AND RESULTS The reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) assay was developed and optimized for field based detection of PSV. The assay was developed by targeting 5´UTR region of PSV genome and optimized for reaction time, temperature, primer and MgOAc concentration. The analytical sensitivity and specificity of assay was determined. The assay was evaluated on 85 porcine faecal samples collected from field. In addition to conventional format, this assay was also optimized for visual dye-based detection format and lateral flow strips based detection (in combination with probe). The developed assay works at constant temperature of 35 °C for 20 min with forward primer concentration 20pm, reverse primer concentration 10pm and MgOAc concentration of 14mM. This assay is highly sensitive and detects up to 28 copies of viral nucleic acid both in the conventional as well as in fluorescent dye based detection format. Using the newly developed assay 21 samples out of 85 samples were found positive, showing positivity rate of 24.7%. The positivity rate of RT-RPA assay corroborated with the gold standard RT-PCR test. CONCLUSIONS This study presented the development of an RT-RPA isothermal assay for rapid and accurate detection of PSV. The assay is highly sensitive, specific, works at a low and constant temperature, does not require any high-end instrument and can be a potential diagnostics tool for pen-side testing of PSV in the field conditions. The newly developed RT-RPA assay could successfully detect PSV circulating in swine population of Haryana, India. This is a first report of this kind from the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Sushila Maan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science (LUVAS), Hisar, India.
| | - Kanisht Batra
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Niharika Chahal
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Aman Kumar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science (LUVAS), Hisar, India
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12
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Wang H, Mo Y, Liu W, Niu C, He Q, Ren T, Ouyang K, Chen Y, Huang W, Wei Z. Construction and characterization of a full-length infectious clone of an emerging senecavirus A strain. Arch Virol 2024; 169:25. [PMID: 38214826 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05951-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is an emerging virus that causes vesicular disease in pigs. Construction of a full-length SVA cDNA clone is crucial for understanding its replication and pathogenesis. Here, we successfully constructed a CMV-promoter-driven infectious cDNA clone of the SVA isolate SVA/GX/CH/2018, which we named rSVA GX01. Sequence comparison between the pSVA GX01 and the parental isolate (SVA/GX/CH/2018) revealed three single-nucleotide differences. Four-week-old piglets were experimentally infected with either the parental virus or the cloned virus. The results showed that the cloned rSVA GX01 displayed weak pathogenicity in 4-week-old pigs compared to the parental virus SVA CH-GX-01-2018. The infectious clone of SVA will serve as a valuable tool for studying the viral replication cycle and for functional analysis of the viral genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Yongfang Mo
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Chenxia Niu
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Qijie He
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Tongwei Ren
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Kang Ouyang
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530005, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, 530005, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530005, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, 530005, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530005, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, 530005, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Zuzhang Wei
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530005, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, 530005, China.
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, 530005, China.
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13
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Ma L, Zhu M, Meng Q, Wang Y, Wang X. Real-time detection of Seneca Valley virus by one-tube RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1305222. [PMID: 38259970 PMCID: PMC10800940 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1305222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Senecavirus A (SVA) is a highly contagious virus that causes vesicular disease in pigs. At present, laboratory detection methods, such as virus isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), required precision instruments and qualified personnel, making them unsuitable for point-of-care tests (POCT). Fortunately, the emergence of CRISPR/Cas system has provided new opportunities for fast and efficient pathogen detection. Methods This study successfully developed a precise and sensitive detection platform for diagnosing SVA by combining the CRISPR system with recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). Results The minimum detection limit of the assay was 10 copies of the SVA genome. Meanwhile, the assay demonstrated high specificity. To validate the effectiveness of this system, we tested 85 swine clinical samples and found that the fluorescence method had a 100% coincidence rate compared to RT-qPCR. Discussion Overall, the RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay established in our study is a highly effective method for detecting SVA and holds great potential for practical applications in the resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
- College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengjie Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Qingfeng Meng
- Testing Technology R&D Department, Shanghai Kaiwosha Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Xueping Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
- College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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14
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Shen L, Zhang Z, Wang R, Wu S, Wang Y, Fu S. Metatranscriptomic data mining together with microfluidic card uncovered the potential pathogens and seasonal RNA viral ecology in a drinking water source. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxad310. [PMID: 38130237 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Despite metatranscriptomics becoming an emerging tool for pathogen surveillance, very little is known about the feasibility of this approach for understanding the fate of human-derived pathogens in drinking water sources. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted multiplexed microfluidic cards and metatranscriptomic sequencing of the drinking water source in a border city of North Korea in four seasons. Microfluidic card detected norovirus, hepatitis B virus (HBV), enterovirus, and Vibrio cholerae in the water. Phylogenetic analyses showed that environmental-derived sequences from norovirus GII.17, genotype C of HBV, and coxsackievirus A6 (CA6) were genetically related to the local clinical isolates. Meanwhile, metatranscriptomic assembly suggested that several bacterial pathogens, including Acinetobacter johnsonii and V. cholerae might be prevalent in the studied region. Metatranscriptomic analysis recovered 349 species-level groups with substantial viral diversity without detection of norovirus, HBV, and CA6. Seasonally distinct virus communities were also found. Specifically, 126, 73, 126, and 457 types of viruses were identified in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. The viromes were dominated by the Pisuviricota phylum, including members from Marnaviridae, Dicistroviridae, Luteoviridae, Potyviridae, Picornaviridae, Astroviridae, and Picobirnaviridae families. Further phylogenetic analyses of RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) sequences showed a diverse set of picorna-like viruses associated with shellfish, of which several novel picorna-like viruses were also identified. Additionally, potential animal pathogens, including infectious bronchitis virus, Bat dicibavirus, Bat nodavirus, Bat picornavirus 2, infectious bursal disease virus, and Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus were also identified. CONCLUSIONS Our data illustrate the divergence between microfluidic cards and metatranscriptomics, highlighting that the combination of both methods facilitates the source tracking of human viruses in challenging settings without sufficient clinical surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ziqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Food Technology and Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 200093, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- College of Food Technology and Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 200093, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Songzhe Fu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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Zamora-Figueroa A, Rosales RE, Fernández R, Ramírez V, Bastardo M, Farías A, Vizzi E. Detection and diversity of gastrointestinal viruses in wastewater from Caracas, Venezuela, 2021-2022. Virology 2024; 589:109913. [PMID: 37924728 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal viruses (GIV) are an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Their epidemiological impact in Venezuela during the COVID-19 pandemic remains unclear. GIV can also be detected in domestic sewage. Ninety-one wastewater samples from urban areas of Caracas collected over 12 months and concentrated by polyethylene-glycol-precipitation, were analyzed by multiplex reverse-transcription-PCR for rotavirus/calicivirus/astrovirus and enterovirus/klassevirus/cosavirus, and monoplex-PCR for adenovirus and Aichi virus. The overall frequency of virus detection was 46.2%, fluctuating over months, and peaking in the rainy season. Adenoviruses circulated throughout the year, especially type F41, and predominated (52.7%) over caliciviruses (29.1%) that peaked in the rainy months, rotaviruses (9.1%), cosaviruses (5.5%), astroviruses and enteroviruses (1.8%). Aichi-virus and klassevirus were absent. Rotavirus G9/G12, and P[4]/P[8]/P[14] predominated. The occurrence of GIV in wastewater reflects transmission within the population of Caracas and the persistence of a potential public health risk that needs to be adequately monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Zamora-Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Microorganismos, Centro de Ecología Aplicada. Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical. Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Rita E Rosales
- Laboratorio de Biología de Virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Rixio Fernández
- Laboratorio de Biología de Virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Viviana Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Biología de Virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Marjorie Bastardo
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Microorganismos, Centro de Ecología Aplicada. Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical. Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Alba Farías
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Microorganismos, Centro de Ecología Aplicada. Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical. Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Esmeralda Vizzi
- Laboratorio de Biología de Virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela.
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16
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Wang S, Cui X, Hui R, Yao W, Zhao B, Li J, Miao J. Grp94 Inhibitor HCP1 Suppressed the Replication of SVA in BHK-21 Cells and PK-15 Cells. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2024; 17:e050723218413. [PMID: 37876268 DOI: 10.2174/1874467217666230705120856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucoregulatory protein 94 (Grp94) is necessary for the post-viral life cycle and plays a quality control role in viral proteins, but the role of Grp94 in regulating viral replication in host cells is not well known. Therefore, finding a compound that can regulate Grp94 will help us to study the mechanism of viral replication. Previously, we synthesized a coumarin pyrazoline derivative HCP1 that is an effective inhibitor of Grp94. We suppose that HCP1 may inhibit viral replication. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of HCP1 on the replication ability of Senecavirus A (SVA), so as to provide a target and a leading compound for revealing the pathogenic mechanism of the virus and developing antiviral drugs. METHODS Rat cell lines BHK-21 and porcine cell lines PK-15 were infected with SVA, and the infected cells were treated with different concentrations of HCP1. The cell viability (CCK-8), virus titer (TCID50), autophagy level, and Grp94 expression were measured. RESULTS The results showed that a low concentration of HCP1 decreased viral titer and viral load in BHK-21 and PK-15 cells, and 5μM HCP1 significantly decreased the expression of SVA VP2 protein. In addition, SVA infection can lead to an increased level of autophagy, and HCP1 can inhibit host cell autophagy caused by SVA infection, thereby inhibiting viral replication and infection. CONCLUSION These findings reveal that Grp94 is a key factor in controlling SVA replication, and its inhibitor HCP1 suppresses SVA replication by inhibiting the increase of Grp94 protein level and autophagy induced by SVA. This study will contribute to the development of a new class of small-molecule antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P.R. China
| | - XiaoLing Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P.R. China
| | - Ren Hui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P.R. China
| | - Wen Yao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P.R. China
| | - BaoXiang Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - JunYing Miao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P.R. China
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17
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Ponomareva NV, Novikova NA. Neurotropic enteroviruses ( Picornaviridae: Enterovirus): predominant types, basis of neurovirulence. Vopr Virusol 2023; 68:479-487. [PMID: 38156564 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Enteroviruses are one of the most common causative agents of infectious diseases of the central nervous system. They are characterized by genetic variability, the ability to infect a wide range of cells, including brain microglial cells and astrocytes, and persist in the central nervous system tissue, causing delayed and chronic diseases. The review presents data on the basis of neurovirulence of non-polio enteroviruses and the most common pathogens causing enteroviral neuroinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Ponomareva
- Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Rospotrebnadzor
| | - N A Novikova
- Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Rospotrebnadzor
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18
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Wierenga JR, Grimwood RM, Taylor HS, Hunter S, Argilla LS, Webster T, Lim L, French R, Schultz H, Jorge F, Bostina M, Burga L, Swindells-Wallace P, Holmes EC, McInnes K, Morgan KJ, Geoghegan JL. Total infectome investigation of diphtheritic stomatitis in yellow-eyed penguins (Megadyptes antipodes) reveals a novel and abundant megrivirus. Vet Microbiol 2023; 286:109895. [PMID: 37890432 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
First identified in 2002, diphtheritic stomatitis (DS) is a devastating disease affecting yellow-eyed penguins (Megadyptes antipodes, or hoiho in te reo Māori). The disease is associated with oral lesions in chicks and has caused significant morbidity and mortality. DS is widespread among yellow-eyed penguin chicks on mainland New Zealand yet appears to be absent from the subantarctic population. Corynebacterium spp. have previously been suspected as causative agents yet, due to inconsistent cultures and inconclusive pathogenicity, their role in DS is unclear. Herein, we used a metatranscriptomic approach to identify potential causative agents of DS by revealing the presence and abundance of all viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa - together, the infectome. Oral and cloacal swab samples were collected from presymptomatic, symptomatic and recovered chicks along with a control group of healthy adults. Two novel viruses from the Picornaviridae were identified, one of which - yellow-eyed penguin megrivirus - was highly abundant in chicks irrespective of health status but not detected in healthy adults. Tissue from biopsied oral lesions also tested positive for the novel megrivirus upon PCR. We found no overall clustering among bacteria, protozoa and fungi communities at the genus level across samples, although Paraclostridium bifermentans was significantly more abundant in oral microbiota of symptomatic chicks compared to other groups. The detection of a novel and highly abundant megrivirus has sparked a new line of inquiry to investigate its potential association with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle R Wierenga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Wildbase, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca M Grimwood
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Harry S Taylor
- Biodiversity Group, Department of Conservation/Te Papa Atawhai, New Zealand; Diagnostic and Surveillance Services, Biosecurity New Zealand, Ministry for Primary Industries, New Zealand
| | - Stuart Hunter
- Wildbase, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, New Zealand
| | - Lisa S Argilla
- Wildlife Hospital, Dunedin, Otago Polytechnic School of Veterinary Nursing, New Zealand
| | | | - Lauren Lim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca French
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hendrik Schultz
- Biodiversity Group, Department of Conservation/Te Papa Atawhai, New Zealand
| | - Fátima Jorge
- Otago Micro and Nano Imaging, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mihnea Bostina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Laura Burga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Edward C Holmes
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Kate McInnes
- Biodiversity Group, Department of Conservation/Te Papa Atawhai, New Zealand
| | - Kerri J Morgan
- Wildbase, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, New Zealand
| | - Jemma L Geoghegan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Wang Q, Meng H, Ge D, Shan H, Geri L, Liu F. Structural and nonstructural proteins of Senecavirus A: Recent research advances, and lessons learned from those of other picornaviruses. Virology 2023; 585:155-163. [PMID: 37348144 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is an emerging virus, causing vesicular disease in swine. SVA is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus, which is the only member of the genus Senecavirus in the family Picornaviridae. SVA genome encodes 12 proteins: L, VP4, VP2, VP3, VP1, 2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D. The VP1 to VP4 are structural proteins, and the others are nonstructural proteins. The replication of SVA in host cells is a complex process coordinated by an elaborate interplay between the structural and nonstructural proteins. Structural proteins are primarily involved in the invasion and assembly of virions. Nonstructural proteins modulate viral RNA translation and replication, and also take part in antagonizing the antiviral host response and in disrupting some cellular processes to allow virus replication. Here, we systematically reviewed the molecular functions of SVA structural and nonstructural proteins by reference to literatures of SVA itself and other picornaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011, China
| | - Hailan Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Dong Ge
- Qingdao Lijian Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Qingdao, 266114, China
| | - Hu Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Letu Geri
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011, China.
| | - Fuxiao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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20
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Liu J, Li B, Tao J, Cheng J, Shi Y, Qiao C, Shen X, Liu H. Development of an indirect ELISA method based on the VP1 protein for detection of IgG antibodies against porcine sapelovirus. Can J Vet Res 2023; 87:176-183. [PMID: 37397630 PMCID: PMC10291703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) is a newly emerging enterovirus that is widely prevalent in China. Since there is no clinical serological testing for PSV, the objective of this study was to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA) for detection of PSV immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody in pigs. A PSV strain, named SHPD202148, was first isolated from the fecal samples of piglets. Its structural protein, VP1, was prokaryotic-expressed in the pET expression system, followed by purification. Using the recombinant protein with reactogenicity as coating antigen, an i-ELISA, characterized by high sensitivity and specificity, had a detection limit at 1:12 800 dilution with a determined cutoff value of 0.352. Finally, field sera collected from different pig herds were tested in parallel by the serum neutralization (SN) test. The result showed that 126 samples were positive and 36 were negative, with an agreement of 97.0% in both cases. This i-ELISA can be used as an alternative serological test for detecting antibodies against PSV in blood serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, PR China (J. Liu, Li, Tao, Cheng, Shi, Qiao, Shen, H. Liu); National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China (J. Liu)
| | - Benqiang Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, PR China (J. Liu, Li, Tao, Cheng, Shi, Qiao, Shen, H. Liu); National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China (J. Liu)
| | - Jie Tao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, PR China (J. Liu, Li, Tao, Cheng, Shi, Qiao, Shen, H. Liu); National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China (J. Liu)
| | - Jinghua Cheng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, PR China (J. Liu, Li, Tao, Cheng, Shi, Qiao, Shen, H. Liu); National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China (J. Liu)
| | - Ying Shi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, PR China (J. Liu, Li, Tao, Cheng, Shi, Qiao, Shen, H. Liu); National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China (J. Liu)
| | - Changtao Qiao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, PR China (J. Liu, Li, Tao, Cheng, Shi, Qiao, Shen, H. Liu); National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China (J. Liu)
| | - Xiaohui Shen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, PR China (J. Liu, Li, Tao, Cheng, Shi, Qiao, Shen, H. Liu); National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China (J. Liu)
| | - Huili Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, PR China (J. Liu, Li, Tao, Cheng, Shi, Qiao, Shen, H. Liu); National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China (J. Liu)
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21
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Dong J, Chen M, Yu L, Rao D, Zhang N, Cong F. Seneca Valley virus induces proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine response in vitro. Can J Vet Res 2023; 87:120-126. [PMID: 37020572 PMCID: PMC10069161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is an oncolytic virus, which belongs to the Picornaviridae family, that causes blisters on the nose and hooves, affecting the production performance of pigs. However, the function of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in SVV infection is still unclear. In our study, SVV infection could induce a high expression of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and chemokines, including chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5), and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10). Interfered genes of IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNF-α inhibited virus replication, but interfered genes of CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL10 promoted virus replication. These results indicate that proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines are involved in SVV infection; this will be beneficial to explore the pathogenesis and cytokine therapy of SVV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Dong
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China (Dong, Chen, Rao); College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Yu); Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou 510633, China (Cong); Henan Fengyuan Hepu Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Zhumadian 463900, China (Zhang)
| | - Mingrui Chen
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China (Dong, Chen, Rao); College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Yu); Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou 510633, China (Cong); Henan Fengyuan Hepu Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Zhumadian 463900, China (Zhang)
| | - Linyang Yu
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China (Dong, Chen, Rao); College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Yu); Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou 510633, China (Cong); Henan Fengyuan Hepu Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Zhumadian 463900, China (Zhang)
| | - Dan Rao
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China (Dong, Chen, Rao); College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Yu); Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou 510633, China (Cong); Henan Fengyuan Hepu Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Zhumadian 463900, China (Zhang)
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China (Dong, Chen, Rao); College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Yu); Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou 510633, China (Cong); Henan Fengyuan Hepu Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Zhumadian 463900, China (Zhang)
| | - Feng Cong
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China (Dong, Chen, Rao); College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Yu); Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou 510633, China (Cong); Henan Fengyuan Hepu Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Zhumadian 463900, China (Zhang)
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22
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Watanabe K, Oka T, Takagi H, Anisimov S, Yamashita SI, Katsuragi Y, Takahashi M, Higuchi M, Kanki T, Saitoh A, Fujii M. Myeloid-associated differentiation marker is an essential host factor for human parechovirus PeV-A3 entry. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1817. [PMID: 37002207 PMCID: PMC10066301 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human parechovirus (PeV-A) is an RNA virus that belongs to the family Picornaviridae and it is currently classified into 19 genotypes. PeV-As usually cause mild illness in children and adults. Among the genotypes, PeV-A3 can cause severe diseases in neonates and young infants, resulting in neurological sequelae and death. In this study, we identify the human myeloid-associated differentiation marker (MYADM) as an essential host factor for the entry of six PeV-As (PeV-A1 to PeV-A6), including PeV-A3. The infection of six PeV-As (PeV-A1 to PeV-A6) to human cells is abolished by knocking out the expression of MYADM. Hamster BHK-21 cells are resistant to PeV-A infection, but the expression of human MYADM in BHK-21 confers PeV-A infection and viral production. Furthermore, VP0 capsid protein of PeV-A3 interacts with one extracellular domain of human MYADM on the cell membrane of BHK-21. The identification of MYADM as an essential entry factor for PeV-As infection is expected to advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of PeV-As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Watanabe
- Division of Laboratory Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomoichiro Oka
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Takagi
- Management Department of Biosafety, Laboratory Animal, and Pathogen Bank, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sergei Anisimov
- Division of Virology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Yamashita
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Masahiko Takahashi
- Division of Virology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masaya Higuchi
- Department of Microbiology, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tomotake Kanki
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akihiko Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fujii
- Division of Virology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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23
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Mason J, Primavera V, Martignette L, Clark B, Barrera J, Simmons J, Hurtle W, Neilan JG, Puckette M. Comparative Evaluation of the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Permissive LF-BK αVβ6 Cell Line for Senecavirus A Research. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091875. [PMID: 36146682 PMCID: PMC9503874 DOI: 10.3390/v14091875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is a member of the family Picornaviridae and enzootic in domestic swine. SVA can induce vesicular lesions that are clinically indistinguishable from Foot-and-mouth disease, a major cause of global trade barriers and agricultural productivity losses worldwide. The LF-BK αVβ6 cell line is a porcine-derived cell line transformed to stably express an αVβ6 bovine integrin and primarily used for enhanced propagation of Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Due to the high biosecurity requirements for working with FMDV, SVA has been considered as a surrogate virus to test and evaluate new technologies and countermeasures. Herein we conducted a series of comparative evaluation in vitro studies between SVA and FMDV using the LF-BK αVβ6 cell line. These include utilization of LF-BK αVβ6 cells for field virus isolation, production of high virus titers, and evaluating serological reactivity and virus susceptibility to porcine type I interferons. These four methodologies utilizing LF-BK αVβ6 cells were applicable to research with SVA and results support the current use of SVA as a surrogate for FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mason
- SAIC, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | | | | | - Benjamin Clark
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - Jose Barrera
- SAIC, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - Janine Simmons
- SAIC, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - William Hurtle
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science & Technology Directorate, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - John G. Neilan
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science & Technology Directorate, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - Michael Puckette
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science & Technology Directorate, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
- Correspondence:
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24
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Ianevski A, Zusinaite E, Tenson T, Oksenych V, Wang W, Afset JE, Bjørås M, Kainov DE. Novel Synergistic Anti-Enteroviral Drug Combinations. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091866. [PMID: 36146673 PMCID: PMC9505890 DOI: 10.3390/v14091866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Enterovirus infections affect people around the world, causing a range of illnesses, from mild fevers to severe, potentially fatal conditions. There are no approved treatments for enterovirus infections. Methods: We have tested our library of broad-spectrum antiviral agents (BSAs) against echovirus 1 (EV1) in human adenocarcinoma alveolar basal epithelial A549 cells. We also tested combinations of the most active compounds against EV1 in A549 and human immortalized retinal pigment epithelium RPE cells. Results: We confirmed anti-enteroviral activities of pleconaril, rupintrivir, cycloheximide, vemurafenib, remdesivir, emetine, and anisomycin and identified novel synergistic rupintrivir–vemurafenib, vemurafenib–pleconaril and rupintrivir–pleconaril combinations against EV1 infection. Conclusions: Because rupintrivir, vemurafenib, and pleconaril require lower concentrations to inhibit enterovirus replication in vitro when combined, their cocktails may have fewer side effects in vivo and, therefore, should be further explored in preclinical and clinical trials against EV1 and other enterovirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Ianevski
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eva Zusinaite
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tanel Tenson
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Valentyn Oksenych
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Egil Afset
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Medical Microbiology, St. Olavs Hospital, 7028 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Denis E. Kainov
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-73598474
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25
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Deng H, Zhu S, Zhu L, Sun J, Ding Y, Li F, Jian Z, Zhao J, Deng L, Deng J, Deng Y, Guo H, Sun X, Lai SY, Tang H, Cui H, Ge LP, Xu Z. Mfn2 is responsible for inhibition of the RIG-I/IRF7 pathway and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in Seneca Valley virus-infected PK-15 cells to promote viral replication. Front Immunol 2022; 13:955671. [PMID: 35958608 PMCID: PMC9359100 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.955671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV), a non-enveloped positive single-stranded virus can cause vesicular disease in swine. However, the mechanisms by which SVV activates an innate immune response remain unknown. Mitofusin-2 (MFN2), a mitochondria-shaping protein regulating mitochondrial fusion and fission, plays a crucial role in innate immune responses. But, the roles of Mfn2 in SVV infection have not been elucidated. Here, we show that SVV inhibited Mfn2 expression and NLRP3 inflammasome, activating RIG-I/IRF7 signaling pathway to increase IFN-λ3 expression. Overexpression of Mfn2 inhibited RIG-I/IRF7 signaling pathway, thus decreasing IFN-λ3 expression and promoting SVV replication. Interestingly, overexpression of Mfn2 also activated NLRP3 inflammasome but did not inhibit SVV proliferation. That may mean the RIG-I/IRF7 signaling pathway plays a more important role in SVV proliferation in PK-15 cells. This study could provide important insights into the modulation of host metabolism during SVV infection and provide a strong theoretical basis for a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanism and immune activation mechanism of SVV.
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Affiliation(s)
- HuiDan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Song Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Sun
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
| | - YuChun Ding
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
| | - FengQin Li
- College of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang, China
| | - ZhiJie Jian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - LiShuang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - JunLiang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - YouTian Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - HongRui Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - XianGang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Si Yuan Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - HuaQiao Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - HengMin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Peng Ge
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Peng Ge, ; ZhiWen Xu,
| | - ZhiWen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Peng Ge, ; ZhiWen Xu,
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26
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Novikov DV, Melentev DA. [Enteroviral ( Picornaviridae: Enterovirus) (nonpolio) vaccines]. Vopr Virusol 2022; 67:185-192. [PMID: 35831961 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) are ubiquitous and are one of the main causative agents of viral infections in children. NPEVs most commonly infect newborns and young children, due to their lack of antibodies. In children, clinical manifestations can range from acute febrile illness to severe complications that require hospitalization and lead in some cases to disability or death. NPEV infections can have severe consequences, such as polio-like diseases, serous meningitis, meningoencephalitis, myocarditis, etc. The most promising strategy for preventing such diseases is vaccination. No less than 53 types of NPEVs have been found to circulate in Russia. However, of epidemic importance are the causative agents of exanthemic forms of the disease, aseptic meningitis and myocarditis. At the same time, the frequency of NPEV detection in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is characterized by uneven distribution and seasonal upsurges. The review discusses the epidemic significance of different types of enteroviruses, including those relevant to the Russian Federation, as well as current technologies used to create enterovirus vaccines for the prevention of serious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Novikov
- 1Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
| | - D A Melentev
- Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology; N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod
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27
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Yin M, Wen W, Wang H, Zhao Q, Zhu H, Chen H, Li X, Qian P. Porcine Sapelovirus 3Cpro Inhibits the Production of Type I Interferon. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:852473. [PMID: 35782136 PMCID: PMC9240219 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.852473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) is the causative pathogen of reproductive obstacles, acute diarrhea, respiratory distress, or severe polioencephalomyelitis in swine. Nevertheless, the pathogenicity and pathogenic mechanism of PSV infection are not fully understood, which hinders disease prevention and control. In this study, we found that PSV was sensitive to type I interferon (IFN-β). However, PSV could not activate the IFN-β promoter and induce IFN-β mRNA expression, indicating that PSV has evolved an effective mechanism to block IFN-β production. Further study showed that PSV inhibited the production of IFN-β by cleaving mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) and degrading melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) through viral 3Cpro. In addition, our study demonstrated that PSV 3Cpro degrades MDA5 and TBK1 through its protease activity and cleaves MAVS through the caspase pathway. Collectively, our results revealed that PSV inhibits the production of type I interferon to escape host antiviral immunity through cleaving and degrading the adaptor molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiongqiong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Hechao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic ProductsAgriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal DiseaseTechnology of the People’s Republic of China, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic ProductsAgriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal DiseaseTechnology of the People’s Republic of China, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangmin Li, ; Ping Qian,
| | - Ping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic ProductsAgriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal DiseaseTechnology of the People’s Republic of China, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangmin Li, ; Ping Qian,
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Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a picornavirus that produces a highly transmissible vesicular disease that can devastate meat and dairy production to such an extent that FMDV-free countries commit significant economic resources to maintain their FMDV-free status. Senecavirus A (SVA), also a picornavirus, causes vesicular disease in swine that is indistinguishable from FMDV. Since 2015, SVA outbreaks have been reported around the world requiring FMDV-free countries to investigate these cases to rule out FMDV. Understanding the pathogenesis of the SVA and its ability to transmit to naïve populations is critical to formulating control and prevention measures, which could reduce FMDV investigations. The primary objective of this study was to determine the infectious dose of SVA in market weight and neonatal pigs. A 2011 SVA isolate was serially hundred-fold diluted to create four challenge inoculums ranging from 106.5 to 100.5 TCID50/ml. Four market weight pigs individually housed were intranasally inoculated with 5 mL of each dose (n = 16). Serial ten-fold dilutions were used to create 6 challenge inoculums ranging from 105.5 to 100.5 TCID50/ml for neonatal pigs. Again, four animals in individual housing were challenged orally with 2 mL of each dose (n = 24). Detection of SVA by PCR in collected samples and/or neutralizing antibody response was utilized to classify an animal as infected. The minimum infectious dose for this study in market weight animals was 1,260 TCID50/ml (103.1 TCID50/ml) and for neonates it was 316 TCID50/ml (102.5 TCID50/ml). Knowledge of the infectious dose of SVA can guide biosecurity and disinfection measures to control the spread of SVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Buckley
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agriculture Research Service, United State Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kelly Lager
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agriculture Research Service, United State Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
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Dong J, Rao D, Geng X, Chen M, He S, Jiao F, Huang L, Chen B, Zhao P, Cong F. Evolutionary analysis of 3 isolates of Seneca Valley virus from a single pig farm. Can J Vet Res 2022; 86:102-107. [PMID: 35388228 PMCID: PMC8978293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vesicular disease caused by Seneca Valley virus (SVV) has recently emerged throughout China and caused certain industry losses. We used immunofluorescence and western blotting to confirm that 3 new SVV strains (CH-GDSG-2018-1, CH-GDSG-2018-2, and CH-GDSG-2018-3) were from 1 pig farm. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the following: i) all 3 strains belong to USA-GBI29-2015-like clades, ii) CH-GDSG-2018-3 might have diverged from CH-GDSG-2018-1 and CH-GDSG-2018-2, and iii) CH-GDSG-2018-3 is a recombinant of the CHhb17 and HeNKF-1 strains. Virus growth curves showed that CH-GDSG-2018-3 had stronger proliferation ability in vitro. Seneca Valley virus has evolved extensively within China and this study has furthered our understanding of SVV epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Dong
- School of Animal Husbandry and Medical Engineering, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China (Dong, Rao, Chen, He, Jiao, Huang, Chen); Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510633, China (Cong); Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China (Zhao); College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130018, China (Geng)
| | - Dan Rao
- School of Animal Husbandry and Medical Engineering, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China (Dong, Rao, Chen, He, Jiao, Huang, Chen); Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510633, China (Cong); Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China (Zhao); College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130018, China (Geng)
| | - Xin Geng
- School of Animal Husbandry and Medical Engineering, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China (Dong, Rao, Chen, He, Jiao, Huang, Chen); Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510633, China (Cong); Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China (Zhao); College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130018, China (Geng)
| | - Mingrui Chen
- School of Animal Husbandry and Medical Engineering, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China (Dong, Rao, Chen, He, Jiao, Huang, Chen); Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510633, China (Cong); Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China (Zhao); College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130018, China (Geng)
| | - Shuhai He
- School of Animal Husbandry and Medical Engineering, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China (Dong, Rao, Chen, He, Jiao, Huang, Chen); Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510633, China (Cong); Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China (Zhao); College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130018, China (Geng)
| | - Fengchao Jiao
- School of Animal Husbandry and Medical Engineering, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China (Dong, Rao, Chen, He, Jiao, Huang, Chen); Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510633, China (Cong); Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China (Zhao); College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130018, China (Geng)
| | - Li Huang
- School of Animal Husbandry and Medical Engineering, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China (Dong, Rao, Chen, He, Jiao, Huang, Chen); Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510633, China (Cong); Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China (Zhao); College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130018, China (Geng)
| | - Bin Chen
- School of Animal Husbandry and Medical Engineering, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China (Dong, Rao, Chen, He, Jiao, Huang, Chen); Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510633, China (Cong); Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China (Zhao); College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130018, China (Geng)
| | - Pandeng Zhao
- School of Animal Husbandry and Medical Engineering, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China (Dong, Rao, Chen, He, Jiao, Huang, Chen); Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510633, China (Cong); Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China (Zhao); College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130018, China (Geng)
| | - Feng Cong
- School of Animal Husbandry and Medical Engineering, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China (Dong, Rao, Chen, He, Jiao, Huang, Chen); Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510633, China (Cong); Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China (Zhao); College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130018, China (Geng)
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30
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Chen Y, Zhong W, Xie Z, Li B, Li H, Gao K, Ning Z. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) inhibits antiviral responses to facilitate Senecavirus A infection by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Virus Res 2022; 313:198748. [PMID: 35304133 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is a new virus inducing porcine idiopathic vesicular disease that causes significant economic losses. Although some progress has been made in etiological research, the role of host factors in SVA infection remains unclear. This study investigated the role of the host factor, suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), in SVA infection. The expression of SOCS1 was significantly upregulated with infection of SVA in a dose-dependent manner, and SOCS1 inhibited the expression of type I interferons (IFN-α, IFN-β) and the production of interferon stimulating genes (ISGs) (ISG56, ISG54, PKR), thereby facilitating viral replication. Further results showed that inhibition of antiviral responses of SOCS1 was achieved by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway, which attenuates the production of IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These findings provide a new perspective of SVA pathogenesis and may partially explain the persistence of this infection. Moreover, the data indicate that targeting SOCS1 can help in developing new agents against SVA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenxia Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenxin Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Baojian Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huizi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kuipeng Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhangyong Ning
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming Branch, Maoming 525000, China.
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31
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Abstract
Although norovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus and Astrovirus are considered the most important viral agents transmitted by food and water, in recent years other viruses, such as Aichi virus (AiV), have emerged as responsible for gastroenteritis outbreaks associated with different foods. AiV belongs to the genus Kobuvirus of the family Picornaviridae. It is a virus with icosahedral morphology that presents a single stranded RNA genome with positive sense (8280 nucleotides) and a poly (A) chain. AiV was first detected from clinical samples and in recent years has been involved in acute gastroenteritis outbreaks from different world regions. Furthermore, several studies conducted in Japan, Germany, France, Tunisia and Spain showed a high prevalence of AiV antibodies in adults (between 80% and 99%), which is indicative of a large exposure to this virus. The aim of this review is to bring together all the discovered information about the emerging pathogen human Aichi virus (AiV), discussing the possibles routes of transmission, new detection techniques and future research. Although AiV is responsible for a low percentage of gastroenteritis outbreaks, the high seroprevalence shown by human populations indicates an evident role as an enteric agent. The low percentage of AiV detection could be explained by the fact that the pathogen is more associated to subclinical infections. Further studies will be needed to clarify the real impact of AiV in human health and its importance as a causative gastroenteritis agent worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Rivadulla
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS-Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago, Spain
| | - Jesús L Romalde
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS-Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago, Spain.
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Schijven J, Brizee S, Teunis P, de Vos C, Eblé P, Rutjes S. Quantitative Assessment of the Health Risk for Livestock When Animal Viruses Are Applied in Human Oncolytic Therapy: A Case Study for Seneca Valley Virus. Risk Anal 2019; 39:982-991. [PMID: 30395685 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Some viruses cause tumor regression and can be used to treat cancer patients; these viruses are called oncolytic viruses. To assess whether oncolytic viruses from animal origin excreted by patients pose a health risk for livestock, a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) was performed to estimate the risk for the Dutch pig industry after environmental release of Seneca Valley virus (SVV). The QRA assumed SVV excretion in stool by one cancer patient on Day 1 in the Netherlands, discharge of SVV with treated wastewater into the river Meuse, downstream intake of river water for drinking water production, and consumption of this drinking water by pigs. Dose-response curves for SVV infection and clinical disease in pigs were constructed from experimental data. In the worst scenario (four log10 virus reduction by drinking water treatment and a farm with 10,000 pigs), the infection risk is less than 1% with 95% certainty. The risk of clinical disease is almost seven orders of magnitude lower. Risks may increase proportionally with the numbers of treated patients and days of virus excretion. These data indicate that application of wild-type oncolytic animal viruses may infect susceptible livestock. A QRA regarding the use of oncolytic animal virus is, therefore, highly recommended. For this, data on excretion by patients, and dose-response parameters for infection and clinical disease in livestock, should be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Schijven
- Laboratory for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Brizee
- Laboratory for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Teunis
- Laboratory for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Clazien de Vos
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), Wageningen University & Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Phaedra Eblé
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), Wageningen University & Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Rutjes
- Laboratory for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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33
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LIU R, CHEN C, HUANG Y, CHENG L, LU R, FU G, SHI S, CHEN H, WAN C, FU Q, LIN J. Microbiological identification and analysis of waterfowl livers collected from backyard farms in southern China. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:667-671. [PMID: 29398671 PMCID: PMC5938198 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In total, 985 livers were collected from 275 backyard waterfowl farms distributed in seven provinces of southern China. The virus that was most commonly isolated was avian influenza virus, with a 12.1% positivity rate. Of the other positive samples, 10.6% tested positive for avian Tembusu virus, 6.8% for duck hepatitis A virus, 3.8% for duck plague virus, 3.4% for Muscovy duck parvovirus, 3.1% for goose parvovirus, 1.0% for mycoplasma and 0.9% for respiratory enteric orphan virus. The bacterium that was most commonly isolated was Escherichia coli, with a 47.1% positivity rate. This survey suggests that backyard waterfowl in southern China could be an important vector for the storage, variation, and transmission of various pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchang LIU
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center,
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350013,
China
| | - Cuiteng CHEN
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center,
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350013,
China
| | - Yu HUANG
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center,
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350013,
China
| | - Longfei CHENG
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center,
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350013,
China
| | - Ronghui LU
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center,
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350013,
China
| | - Guanghua FU
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center,
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350013,
China
| | - Shaohua SHI
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center,
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350013,
China
| | - Hongmei CHEN
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center,
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350013,
China
| | - Chunhe WAN
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center,
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350013,
China
| | - Qiuling FU
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center,
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350013,
China
| | - Jiansheng LIN
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center,
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350013,
China
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34
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Montiel N, Buckley A, Guo B, Kulshreshtha V, VanGeelen A, Hoang H, Rademacher C, Yoon KJ, Lager K. Vesicular Disease in 9-Week-Old Pigs Experimentally Infected with Senecavirus A. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 22:1246-8. [PMID: 27315363 PMCID: PMC4918149 DOI: 10.3201/eid2207.151863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A has been infrequently associated with vesicular disease in swine since 1988. However, clinical disease has not been reproduced after experimental infection with this virus. We report vesicular disease in 9-week-old pigs after Sencavirus A infection by the intranasal route under experimental conditions.
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35
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Resende TP, Marthaler DG, Vannucci FA. A novel RNA-based in situ hybridization to detect Seneca Valley virus in neonatal piglets and sows affected with vesicular disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173190. [PMID: 28394893 PMCID: PMC5386259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is the causative agent of an emerging vesicular disease in swine, which is clinically indistinguishable from other vesicular diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease. In addition, SVV has been associated with neonatal mortality in piglets. While a commercial SVV qRT-PCR is available, commercial antibodies are lacking to diagnose SVV infections by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Thus, a novel in situ hybridization technique-RNAscope (ISH) was developed to detect SVVRNA in infected tissues. From a total of 78 samples evaluated, 30 were positive by qRT-PCR and ISH-RNA, including vesicular lesions of affected sows, ulcerative lesions in the tongue of piglets and various other tissues with no evidence of histological lesions. Nineteen samples were negative for SVV by qRT-PCR and ISH-RNA. The Ct values of the qRT-PCR from ISH-RNA positive tissues varied from 12.0 to 32.6 (5.12 x 106 to 5.31 RNA copies/g, respectively). The ISH-RNA technique is an important tool in diagnosing and investigating the pathogenesis of SVV and other emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita P. Resende
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Douglas G. Marthaler
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Fabio A. Vannucci
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
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36
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Llopis-Giménez A, Maria González R, Millán-Leiva A, Catalá M, Llacer E, Urbaneja A, Herrero S. Novel RNA viruses producing simultaneous covert infections in Ceratitis capitata. Correlations between viral titers and host fitness, and implications for SIT programs. J Invertebr Pathol 2016; 143:50-60. [PMID: 27914927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata is a highly polyphagous pest, which infests multiple species of fruits and vegetables worldwide. In addition to the traditional control with chemical insecticides, sterile insect technique (SIT) has been implemented in integrated programs worldwide, and has become an essential measure for the control of this pest. A key issue for SIT is to release sterile males that are sufficiently competitive with males from the wild population. Using sequence information available in public databases, three novel picornaviruses infecting medflies were discovered and named as C. capitata iflavirus 1 and 2 (CcaIV1 and CcaIV2), and C. capitata noravirus (CcaNV). Additional analyses have revealed the presence of CcaIV2 and CcaNV covertly infecting most of the medfly strains used in the different SIT programs around the world, as well as in field captures in the east of Spain. High viral titers of CcaNV were associated with a reduction in the lifespan of males released to the field for the control of this pest, suggesting the possibility that CcaNV may impair the fitness of sterile flies produced by SIT programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Llopis-Giménez
- Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI-BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria González
- Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI-BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Anabel Millán-Leiva
- Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI-BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Marta Catalá
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Unidad Asociada de Entomología IVIA-UJI, Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, 46113 Moncada, Spain
| | - Elena Llacer
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Unidad Asociada de Entomología IVIA-UJI, Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, 46113 Moncada, Spain
| | - Alberto Urbaneja
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Unidad Asociada de Entomología IVIA-UJI, Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, 46113 Moncada, Spain
| | - Salvador Herrero
- Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI-BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
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37
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Dorobantu CM, Albulescu L, Harak C, Feng Q, van Kampen M, Strating JRPM, Gorbalenya AE, Lohmann V, van der Schaar HM, van Kuppeveld FJM. Modulation of the Host Lipid Landscape to Promote RNA Virus Replication: The Picornavirus Encephalomyocarditis Virus Converges on the Pathway Used by Hepatitis C Virus. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005185. [PMID: 26406250 PMCID: PMC4583462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardioviruses, including encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and the human Saffold virus, are small non-enveloped viruses belonging to the Picornaviridae, a large family of positive-sense RNA [(+)RNA] viruses. All (+)RNA viruses remodel intracellular membranes into unique structures for viral genome replication. Accumulating evidence suggests that picornaviruses from different genera use different strategies to generate viral replication organelles (ROs). For instance, enteroviruses (e.g. poliovirus, coxsackievirus, rhinovirus) rely on the Golgi-localized phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III beta (PI4KB), while cardioviruses replicate independently of the kinase. By which mechanisms cardioviruses develop their ROs is currently unknown. Here we show that cardioviruses manipulate another PI4K, namely the ER-localized phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III alpha (PI4KA), to generate PI4P-enriched ROs. By siRNA-mediated knockdown and pharmacological inhibition, we demonstrate that PI4KA is an essential host factor for EMCV genome replication. We reveal that the EMCV nonstructural protein 3A interacts with and is responsible for PI4KA recruitment to viral ROs. The ensuing phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) proved important for the recruitment of oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP), which delivers cholesterol to EMCV ROs in a PI4P-dependent manner. PI4P lipids and cholesterol are shown to be required for the global organization of the ROs and for viral genome replication. Consistently, inhibition of OSBP expression or function efficiently blocked EMCV RNA replication. In conclusion, we describe for the first time a cellular pathway involved in the biogenesis of cardiovirus ROs. Remarkably, the same pathway was reported to promote formation of the replication sites of hepatitis C virus, a member of the Flaviviridae family, but not other picornaviruses or flaviviruses. Thus, our results highlight the convergent recruitment by distantly related (+)RNA viruses of a host lipid-modifying pathway underlying formation of viral replication sites. All positive-sense RNA viruses [(+)RNA viruses] replicate their viral genomes in tight association with reorganized membranous structures. Viruses generate these unique structures, often termed “replication organelles” (ROs), by efficiently manipulating the host lipid metabolism. While the molecular mechanisms underlying RO formation by enteroviruses (e.g. poliovirus) of the family Picornaviridae have been extensively investigated, little is known about other members belonging to this large family. This study provides the first detailed insight into the RO biogenesis of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), a picornavirus from the genus Cardiovirus. We reveal that EMCV hijacks the lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase IIIα (PI4KA) to generate viral ROs enriched in phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P). In EMCV-infected cells, PI4P lipids play an essential role in virus replication by recruiting another cellular protein, oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP), to the ROs. OSBP further impacts the lipid composition of the RO membranes, by mediating the exchange of PI4P with cholesterol. This membrane-modification mechanism of EMCV is remarkably similar to that of the distantly related flavivirus hepatitis C virus (HCV), while distinct from that of the closely related enteroviruses, which recruit OSBP via another PI4K, namely PI4K IIIβ (PI4KB). Thus, EMCV and HCV represent a striking case of functional convergence in (+)RNA virus evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M. Dorobantu
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Virology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucian Albulescu
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Virology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Harak
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Qian Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Virology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam van Kampen
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Virology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen R. P. M. Strating
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Virology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander E. Gorbalenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Volker Lohmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hilde M. van der Schaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Virology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J. M. van Kuppeveld
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Virology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Oude Munnink BB, Canuti M, Deijs M, de Vries M, Jebbink MF, Rebers S, Molenkamp R, van Hemert FJ, Chung K, Cotten M, Snijders F, Sol CJA, van der Hoek L. Unexplained diarrhoea in HIV-1 infected individuals. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:22. [PMID: 24410947 PMCID: PMC3925291 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal symptoms, in particular diarrhoea, are common in non-treated HIV-1 infected individuals. Although various enteric pathogens have been implicated, the aetiology of diarrhoea remains unexplained in a large proportion of HIV-1 infected patients. Our aim is to identify the cause of diarrhoea for patients that remain negative in routine diagnostics. METHODS In this study stool samples of 196 HIV-1 infected persons, including 29 persons with diarrhoea, were examined for enteropathogens and HIV-1. A search for unknown and unexpected viruses was performed using virus discovery cDNA-AFLP combined with Roche-454 sequencing (VIDISCA-454). RESULTS HIV-1 RNA was detected in stool of 19 patients with diarrhoea (66%) compared to 75 patients (45%) without diarrhoea. In 19 of the 29 diarrhoea cases a known enteropathogen could be identified (66%). Next to these known causative agents, a range of recently identified viruses was identified via VIDISCA-454: cosavirus, Aichi virus, human gyrovirus, and non-A non-B hepatitis virus. Moreover, a novel virus was detected which was named immunodeficiency-associated stool virus (IASvirus). However, PCR based screening for these viruses showed that none of these novel viruses was associated with diarrhoea. Notably, among the 34% enteropathogen-negative cases, HIV-1 RNA shedding in stool was more frequently observed (80%) compared to enteropathogen-positive cases (47%), indicating that HIV-1 itself is the most likely candidate to be involved in diarrhoea. CONCLUSION Unexplained diarrhoea in HIV-1 infected patients is probably not caused by recently described or previously unknown pathogens, but it is more likely that HIV-1 itself plays a role in intestinal mucosal abnormalities which leads to diarrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas B Oude Munnink
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Canuti
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Deijs
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel de Vries
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Jebbink
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Rebers
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Molenkamp
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Formijn J van Hemert
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Chung
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Cees JA Sol
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lia van der Hoek
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Heuser W, Pendl H, Knowles NJ, Keil G, Herbst W, Lierz M, Kaleta EF. Soft plastron, soft carapace with skeletal abnormality in juvenile tortoises. Histopathology and isolation of a novel picornavirus from Testudo graeca and Geochelone elegans. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2014; 42:310-320. [PMID: 25323213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A disease is described in juvenile tortoises (Testudo graeca and Geochelone elegans) consisting mainly of a soft carapace, soft plastron and deformed skeleton. The aim of this study was to determine histopathological lesions and the biological properties of the isolated viruses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical signs and gross pathology were determined on diseased and healthy appearing tortoises. Paraffin sections were stained with HE, PAS and Prussian Blue and histologically examined. Terrapene heart (TH-1) cell cultures served for virus isolations from 64 tissues and 104 swabs. One isolate (isolate 1243/37 tongue) was used in neutralization tests on 19 sera. RESULTS Retarded growth and increasingly soft plastron and carapace were the prominent signs in diseased tortoises. Pathological lesions consisted of dilated urinary sac, enlarged kidneys and livers. Histopathologically, hepatic hemosiderosis, hypoplastic anaemia, congestive glomerulonephrosis and osteodystrophy were seen. A novel vi- rus ("virus X") was isolated from 64 organs and 79 of 104 swabs. The isolated viruses were identified as a novel chelonid picornavirus based on cytopathic effect, resistance to chloroform and stability at low pH. Co-cultivation with 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine and actinomycin D did not reduce virus titres. Electron microscopically, round, non-enveloped particles (25-30 nm) were detected. Neutralizing antibodies to the isolate 1243/37tongue were present in 17 of 19 sera from seven species of tortoises. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Nephropathy, osteodystrophy and virus isolations suggest a viral aetiology. Metabolic bone disease is the major differential diagnosis. Further investigations in vivo are needed to evaluate the likely effects of the picornavirus on tortoises.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - E F Kaleta
- Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Erhard F. Kaleta, Klinik für Vögel, Reptilien, Amphibien und Fische der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurter Straße 91-93, D-35392 Gießen, E-Mail:
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40
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Abstract
At present, more than 40 protist-infecting viruses have been isolated and characterized. From the viewpoints of molecular ecology, taxomony and molecular evolution, several new discoveries were made within the last five years. In this minireview, three topics of interest on protist-infecting viruses are introduced: 1) molecular ecological relationships between a bloom-forming dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama and its ssRNA virus (HcRNAV); 2) findings of new ssRNA- and ssDNA-virus groups infecting diatoms; 3) establishment of a hypothesis concerning the evolution of picornaviruses. The potential of aquatic virus studies is far-reaching and inestimable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keizo Nagasaki
- Natl. Res. Inst. Fish. Environ. Inland Sea, Fisheries Research Agency.
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ian Lipkin
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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42
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Wu YJ, Teng CY, Chen YJ, Chen SC, Chen YJ, Lin YT, Wu TY. Internal ribosome entry site of Rhopalosiphum padi virus is functional in mammalian cells and has cryptic promoter activity in baculovirus-infected Sf21 cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2008; 29:965-74. [PMID: 18664329 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00820.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To substantiate the in vitro translational studies of a cross-kingdom, internal ribosome entry site (IRES), the 5 untranslated region of the Rhopalosiphum padi virus (RhPV), can function in mammalian cells and act as a shuttle IRES between insect cells and mammalian cells. METHODS Cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter-based bicistronic mammalian cell expression vectors, either in plasmids or baculovirus vectors, were generated. Plasmid transient transfection and baculovirus transduction assays were performed to test whether the RhPV IRES can mediate translation activity in versatile mammalian cell lines. RESULTS Both plasmids and recombinant baculoviruses containing the CMV promoter and the RhPV IRES can mediate bicistronic gene expression in mammalian cells. However, in the CMV promoter containing recombinant baculovirus-infected insect Sf21 cells, only the second cistron gene expression was observed. Northern blot analysis and a promoterless assay demonstrated that the RhPV IRES exhibited cryptic promoter activity in baculovirus-infected insect cells. CONCLUSION RhPV IRES can mediate gene expression in both insect cells and mammalian cells, and this characteristic of the RhPV IRES will facilitate the development of a bicistronic baculovirus gene therapy vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-jane Wu
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli 320, Taiwan, China
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43
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Lee KK, Hegele RG, Manfreda J, Wooldrage K, Becker AB, Ferguson AC, Dimich-Ward H, Watson WTA, Chan-Yeung M. Relationship of early childhood viral exposures to respiratory symptoms, onset of possible asthma and atopy in high risk children: the Canadian Asthma Primary Prevention Study. Pediatr Pulmonol 2007; 42:290-7. [PMID: 17245731 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.20578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of respiratory viral infections to the onset of asthma and atopy is controversial. In "high risk" children (n = 455) born into asthmatic/atopic families, we determined the relationship of exposures to common respiratory viruses and concomitant respiratory symptoms, and to subsequent possible asthma and atopy at ages 1 and 2 years. Frozen nasal specimens, obtained when children were 2 weeks, 4, 8, and 12 months old, underwent reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for parainfluenza virus (PIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and picornavirus (rhinovirus/enterovirus). Odds ratios of viral RT-PCR results to respiratory symptoms ("cold," rhinitis, cough, wheezing) and to possible asthma or atopy at 1 and 2 years of age were calculated. Positive viral RT-PCR was associated with increased odds of "cold" and cough; PIV and picornavirus were associated with rhinitis, and RSV was associated with wheezing. PIV was associated with increased odds of atopy at 1 year of age in the control group; PIV and RSV were associated with possible asthma at 2 years of age. We conclude that in high-risk children, viral exposures documented by RT-PCR are associated with respiratory symptoms, and exposures to PIV and RSV during the first year of life are associated with the initial onset of possible asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy K Lee
- James Hogg iCAPTURE Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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44
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Abstract
The precise role of the poly(A) tail at the 3' end of the picornavirus RNA genome and the cellular factors that control its homeostasis are unknown. To assess the importance of the poly(A) tail for virus replication, the genome of the slowly replicating hepatitis A virus (HAV) with and without a poly(A) tail was studied after transfection into cells maintained under various conditions. A tailless HAV genome had a shorter half-life than a poly(A)-containing genome and was unable to replicate in quiescent cells. In dividing cells, the tailless RNA gave rise to infectious virus with a restored poly(A) tail of up to 60 residues. Cells arrested at the G(0) and the G(2)/M phase produced lower amounts of infectious HAV than cells in the G(1) phase. These data suggest that the 3' poly(A) tail of HAV can be restored with the help of a cellular and/or viral function that is regulated during the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Y Kusov
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rainer Gosert
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Department of Virology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Verena Gauss-Müller
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany
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45
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Tan WC, Xiang X, Qiu D, Ng TP, Lam SF, Hegele RG. Epidemiology of respiratory viruses in patients hospitalized with near-fatal asthma, acute exacerbations of asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Med 2003; 115:272-7. [PMID: 12967691 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9343(03)00353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We compared the prevalence and spectrum of common respiratory viruses among patients with near-fatal asthma, acute exacerbations of asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the relation of these findings to acute respiratory symptoms. METHODS We obtained adequate samples of respiratory secretions from 17 patients hospitalized with near-fatal asthma, 29 with acute asthma, and 14 with COPD. We used a polymerase chain reaction-based method to test for six common respiratory viruses in samples from endotracheal tube aspirates from patients with near-fatal asthma, and from induced sputum specimens from patients with acute asthma or COPD. Respiratory symptoms (runny nose, sore throat, fever, chills, malaise, and cough) were recorded. Quiescent-phase induced sputum specimens were examined from patients who were initially virus positive. RESULTS Viral nucleic acids were detected in 52% (31/60) of acute-phase specimens and 7% (2/29) of quiescent-phase specimens examined (P <0.001), with similar proportions of virus-positive patients during the acute phase in the three groups: 59% (10/17) of those with near-fatal asthma, 41% (12/29) with acute asthma, and 64% (9/14) with COPD. Picornavirus (47% [n = 8]) and adenovirus (24% [n = 4]) were most commonly identified in near-fatal asthma, whereas influenza virus (36% [n = 5]) predominated in COPD. Virus-positive patients had a significantly increased frequency of runny nose, sore throat, fever, chills, and malaise (odds ratio = 4.1 to 18; P = 0.02 to 0.001). CONCLUSION Respiratory viruses are associated with hospitalizations for near-fatal asthma, acute asthma, and COPD, with some differences in the spectrum of viruses involved in the different groups of patients. Respiratory viruses are a target for the prevention and perhaps the treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan C Tan
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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46
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Abstract
Taura syndrome virus (TSV) is a highly virulent pathogen of Litopenaeus vannamei, has affected shrimp aquaculture throughout the world, and threatens wild populations. Despite its importance, little work has been done on the pathogen's formal epidemiology. Therefore we developed a compartment model for epidemics of TSV in closed populations of L. vannamei. The model includes five compartments, uninfected susceptible, prepatently infected, acutely infected, chronically infected, and dead infected shrimp. The transmission coefficients, patency coefficient, virulence coefficients, and removal coefficient (disappearance of dead infected shrimp) control the dynamics of the model. We estimated the coefficients in laboratory studies and inserted the estimates in the model to characterize TSV epidemics and to estimate the basic reproduction ratio R(0) and threshold density for TSV epidemics in L. vannamei. Further we examined through computer simulation the effect of varying the coefficients on R(0). Decreases in transmission decrease R(0), decreases in virulence increase R(0), increases in patency do not affect R(0), and increases in recovery most likely increase R(0) but under some conditions might decrease it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Lotz
- Department of Coastal Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 7000, Ocean Springs, MS 39566-7000, USA.
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47
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Tokutake T, Matsumiya C, Honjo A, Kato T. [Hand, foot and mouth disease]. Nihon Rinsho 2003; 61 Suppl 2:190-4. [PMID: 12722212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadaomi Tokutake
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City Seibu Hospital, St. Marianna University of Medicine
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48
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Abstract
During the period of profound combined immunodeficiency after bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (SCT), patients are at increased risk for serious viral disease. Recent advances in rapid diagnostic methods and the introduction of potent antiviral compounds have made it possible to establish efficient management strategies for several herpesviruses. Acyclovir, valaciclovir, and famciclovir are widely used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus or varicella zoster virus disease. Intravenous ganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir are available for prevention or therapy of cytomegalovirus disease, and oral valganciclovir could become a valuable alternative to intravenous treatment if shown to be effective and safe after SCT. Preliminary data on pleconaril for therapy of picornaviral disease are promising. Future investigations may help to clarify the role of the neuraminidase inhibitors zanamivir and oseltamivir in the management of influenza in SCT recipients. The emergence of viruses resistant to antiviral drugs is of concern, and alternative treatment strategies need to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Reusser
- Division of Medicine, Hôpital Régional, CH-2900 Porrentruy, Switzerland.
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49
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Abstract
Satsuma dwarf virus (SDV) and two closely related viruses, Citrus mosaic (CiMV), and Naval orange infectious mottling (NIMV), seriously affect citrus varieties grown in Japan and East Asia. All three viruses have icosahedral particles built of two proteins encapsidating two single-stranded genomic RNAs. The natural mode of transmission of these SDV-like viruses is unknown, and they were previously placed among tentative members of the family Comoviridae. Recently, a complete genome of SDV was sequenced, and its replication-related proteins were found only distantly related to those of viruses from the family Comoviridae (Iwanami T., Kondo Y., and Karasev A.V. J Gen Virol 80, 793-797, 1999). Here we present a partial genome sequence for another SDV-like virus, NIMV, and a thorough phylogenetic analysis of the gene products encoded by SDV, CiMV, and NIMV to assess their relationships with picorna-like viruses infecting plants, insects, and vertebrates. The RdRp's of SDV-like viruses form a new lineage, separate from members of Como- and Sequiviridae families. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that SDV-like viruses may represent a new family of plant picorna-like viruses. Sequence analysis of the capsid proteins (CPs) encoded by the SDV-like viruses revealed a region of similarity to CPs of animal calici- and picornaviruses that encompasses the structural core of the eight-strand beta-barrel characteristic of picornaviral CPs. These data suggest that SDV and related bipartite viruses evolved separately from the viruses in the family Comoviridae and that the split of an ancestor, monopartite picorna-like virus genome might have occurred more than once.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Karasev
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biotechnology Foundation Laboratories at Thomas Jefferson University, Doylestown, PA 18901, USA
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50
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory infections result from invasion of the respiratory tract, mainly by viruses, and are the leading cause of acute morbidity in individuals of all ages worldwide. During peak season, picornaviruses cause 82% of all episodes of acute nasopharyngitis (the common cold), the most frequent manifestation of acute respiratory infection, and produce more restriction of activity and physician consultations annually than any other viral or bacterial source of respiratory illness. OBJECTIVE This article reviews the clinical impact and outcomes of picornavirus-induced respiratory infections in specific populations at risk for complications. It also discusses the potential economic impact of the morbidity associated with picornavirus-induced respiratory infection. METHODS Relevant literature was identified through searches of MEDLINE, OVID, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Lexis-Nexis. The search terms used were picornavirus, rhinovirus, enterovirus, viral respiratory infection, upper respiratory infection, disease burden, economic, cost, complications, asthma, COPD, immunocompromised, elderly otitis media, and sinusitis. Additional publications were identified from the reference lists of the retrieved articles. CONCLUSIONS Based on the clinical literature, picornavirus infections are associated with severe morbidity as well as considerable economic and societal costs. Future research should focus on identifying patterns of illness and the costs associated with management of these infections. New treatments should be assessed not only in terms of their ability to produce the desired clinical outcome, but also in terms of their ability to reduce the burden of disease, decrease health care costs, and improve productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold S. Monto
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, U.S.A
| | - A.Mark Fendrick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Medicine, and Consortium for Health Outcomes, Innovation, and Cost-Effectiveness Studies, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A
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