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Liebing J, Völker I, Curland N, Wohlsein P, Baumgärtner W, Braune S, Runge M, Moss A, Rautenschlein S, Jung A, Ryll M, Raue K, Strube C, Schulz J, Heffels-Redmann U, Fischer L, Gethöffer F, Voigt U, Lierz M, Siebert U. Health status of free-ranging ring-necked pheasant chicks (Phasianus colchicus) in North-Western Germany. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234044. [PMID: 32544211 PMCID: PMC7297342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Being a typical ground-breeding bird of the agricultural landscape in Germany, the pheasant has experienced a strong and persistent population decline with a hitherto unexplained cause. Contributing factors to the ongoing negative trend, such as the effects of pesticides, diseases, predation, increase in traffic and reduced fallow periods, are currently being controversially discussed. In the present study, 62 free-ranging pheasant chicks were caught within a two-year period in three federal states of Germany; Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein. The pheasant chicks were divided into three age groups to detect differences in their development and physical constitution. In addition, pathomorphological, parasitological, virological, bacteriological and toxicological investigations were performed. The younger chicks were emaciated, while the older chicks were of moderate to good nutritional status. However, the latter age group was limited to a maximum of three chicks per hen, while the youngest age class comprised up to ten chicks. The majority of chicks suffered from dermatitis of the periocular and caudal region of the head (57-94%) of unknown origin. In addition, intestinal enteritis (100%), pneumonia (26%), hepatitis (24%), perineuritis (6%), tracheitis (24%), muscle degeneration (1%) and myositis (1%) were found. In 78% of the cases, various Mycoplasma spp. were isolated. Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) was not detected using an MG-specific PCR. Parasitic infections included Philopteridae (55%), Coccidia (48%), Heterakis/Ascaridia spp. (8%) and Syngamus trachea (13%). A total of 8% of the chicks were Avian metapneumovirus (AMPV) positive using RT-PCR, 16% positive for infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) using RT-PCR, and 2% positive for haemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) using PCR. All samples tested for avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) or infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) were negative. The pool samples of the ten chicks were negative for all acid, alkaline-free and derivative substances, while two out of three samples tested were positive for the herbicide glyphosate. Pheasant chick deaths may often have been triggered by poor nutritional status, probably in association with inflammatory changes in various tissues and organs as well as bacterial and parasitic pathogens. Theses impacts may have played a major role in the decline in pheasant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Liebing
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - I. Völker
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - N. Curland
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - P. Wohlsein
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - W. Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - S. Braune
- Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES), Food and Veterinary Institute Braunschweig/Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - M. Runge
- Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES), Food and Veterinary Institute Braunschweig/Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - A. Moss
- Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES), Food and Veterinary Institute Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - S. Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - A. Jung
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - M. Ryll
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - K. Raue
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - C. Strube
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - J. Schulz
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - U. Heffels-Redmann
- Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - L. Fischer
- Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - F. Gethöffer
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - U. Voigt
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - M. Lierz
- Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - U. Siebert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Fischer D, Oberländer B, Peters M, Eley N, Pantchev N, Bangoura B, Lierz M. Central nervous signs, blindness and cerebral vermicosis in free-ranging peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) associated with aberrant larval migrations. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2020; 20:100410. [PMID: 32448538 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Four free-ranging peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) were submitted with a history of unilateral or bilateral blindness and central nervous signs to a veterinary clinic in Germany. There were no indications of trauma or ocular disease. Likewise, other differential diagnoses for CNS signs were ruled out within the diagnostic process. The clinical diagnostic panel in live falcons included general examination, radiography, endoscopy, hematology, ophthalmoscopy and parasitological examination of the feces, blood gas analysis and blood chemistry as well as computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A complete pathological and histopathological examination was performed post-mortem. The only common finding in all birds was an infection with the nematode parasite Serratospiculum tendo. The parasite was confirmed morphologically and via PCR. In two falcons intracerebral vermicoses was suspected in MRI and confirmed in subsequent histopathology, but molecular biological identification of the parasite species failed from brain tissue. Until today, S. tendo had been reported to affect the respiratory system, the liver and different parts of the gastrointestinal tract and to cause cachexia, inappetence, regurgitation, dyspnea and general signs of illness such as lethargy, poor plumage, and reduced reproduction. Our findings indicate that aberrant migration should be considered as cause for CNS signs in falcons. As S. tendo might be a possible cause for this, CNS signs might be included in the list of clinical signs of serratospiculiasis in falcons.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fischer
- Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - B Oberländer
- Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - M Peters
- Chemisches und Veterinaeruntersuchungsamt Westfalen, Arnsberg, Germany
| | - N Eley
- Small Animal Clinic, Surgical Department, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - N Pantchev
- VetMed Labor GmbH, IDEXX Laboratories Germany, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - B Bangoura
- Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - M Lierz
- Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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3
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Schneider H, Fischer D, Mathews SR, Failing K, Delehanty DJ, Lierz M. Semen collection, semen analysis and artificial insemination in Columbian sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus) as part of a species conservation project. Theriogenology 2019; 132:128-137. [PMID: 31022602 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Columbian sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus; hereafter CSTG) have experienced substantial decreases in population numbers and geographic range during the early 20th century, primarily due to habitat loss. The conservation aim of this project was to re-establish a self-sustaining population of CSTG within an unoccupied portion of their historic range in northeastern Nevada via reintroduction from source populations in Idaho, USA. Female nest initiation rates post-translocation due to low fertilization rates are believed to be one limiting factor in the establishment of some translocated CSTG populations. However, studies on semen collection and artificial insemination in this species are absent. Assisted reproduction was evaluated as an additional tool in this species conservation project in order to gain knowledge on the reproductive status of yearling and adult male CSTG, establish orientation values for semen parameters and evaluate artificial insemination procedures on female CSTG. In two consecutive breeding seasons, semen collection was attempted 51 times in 47 males using the established massage method, and a novel electro-stimulation technique. Semen collection was successful in all attempts, even in yearling grouse, which represents a novel confirmation that yearling male CSTG can produce live spermatozoa in their first breeding season. Volume, color, consistency, contamination, pH of semen, and the motility, concentration, viability and morphology of spermatozoa were analyzed. Extracted semen volume ranged between 6 and 74 μl and the mean pH was 6.9 ± 0.5 (x¯ ± SD). Morphology analysis revealed that on average, 42.8% of sperm was morphologically normal, but 34.8% had malformed tails. Additionally, artificial insemination was practiced in 17 females (sham-insemination group; insemination lacking spermatozoa) and performed in 17 females. Intravenous catheters G20 1.0 mm × 32 mm enabled safe intravaginal insemination under visual control. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences in semen parameters between adult and yearling birds were detected. It is well established that adult males receive a majority of copulations during lekking, but our novel findings also indicate that they produce significantly more spermatozoa which is of higher quality than yearling males. This finding offers insights into male reproductive biology in a lekking grouse species.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schneider
- Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 91, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - D Fischer
- Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 91, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - S R Mathews
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, 921 S. 8th. Ave, Pocatello, ID 83209-8007, USA
| | - K Failing
- Unit for Biomathematics and Data Processing, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 95, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - D J Delehanty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, 921 S. 8th. Ave, Pocatello, ID 83209-8007, USA
| | - M Lierz
- Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 91, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Paries S, Funcke S, Kershaw O, Failing K, Lierz M. The role of Virus "X" (Tortoise Picornavirus) in kidney disease and shell weakness syndrome in European tortoise species determined by experimental infection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210790. [PMID: 30779796 PMCID: PMC6380536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tortoise Picornavirus (ToPV) commonly known as Virus "X" was recently discovered in juvenile European tortoises suffering from soft carapace and plastron as well as kidney disease. Therefore, this virus was a potential candidate to be a causative agent for these disease patterns. Spur thighed tortoises (Testudo graeca) seemed to be more susceptible to establish clinical symptoms than other European species like T. hermanni. Thus this trial investigated the role of ToPV in the described syndrome. Two groups of juvenile European tortoises (T. graeca and T.hermanni) each of 10 animals, were cloacally, oronasally and intracoelomically inoculated with an infectious dose (~ 2000 TICD) of a ToPV strain isolated from a diseased T. graeca. A control group of two animals of each species received non-infected cell culture supernatant. The tortoises were examined daily and pharyngeal and cloacal swabs for detection of ToPV-RNA by RT-PCR were taken from each animal every six days for a period of 6 months. At the end of the study the remaining animals were euthanised and dissected. Bacteriological and parasitological tests were performed and organ samples of all tortoises were investigated by RT-PCR for the presence of ToPV and histopathology. Animals that were euthanised at the end of the experiment, were examined for presence of specific anti-ToPV antibodies. Several animals in both inoculated groups showed retarded growth and a light shell weakness, in comparison to the control animals. Three animals were euthanised during the trial, showing reduced weight gain, retarded growth, severe shell weakness and apathy, in parallel to clinical observations in naturally infected animals. In all inoculated animals of both species an intermittent virus shedding, starting from 18 days post inoculation (d.p.i.), till 164 d.p.i. was detected, while the control animals remained negative. The virus was successfully reisolated in terrapene heart cell culture in 16 of 20 inoculated animals of both species. Histopathology of most inoculated animals revealed a lack of bone remodeling and vacuolisation in kidney tubuli which supports the described pathogenesis of nephropathy and osteodystrophy. Anti- ToPV antibody titres ranged from 1:2 to >1:256 in 13 of 20 animals, whereas all control animals were seronegative. The study proofed the Henle Koch`s postulates of ToPV as causative agent for shell dystrophy and kidney disease in both testudo species. The proposed species specific sensitivity towards clinical disease was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Paries
- Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - S. Funcke
- Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - O. Kershaw
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Germany
| | - K. Failing
- Unit for biomathematics and Data Processing, Justus Liebig Universitiy, Giessen, Germany
| | - M. Lierz
- Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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Ziegler L, Möller Palau-Ribes F, Enderlein D, Herbst W, Schmidt L, Lierz M. Mycoplasma hafezii sp. nov., isolated from the trachea of a peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:773-777. [PMID: 30707094 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma species are well known pathogens in avian medicine, especially in poultry. However, several Mycoplasma species have been regularly found in the respiratory tract of birds of prey which seem to be commensals in these bird species. In previous studies, an unknown Mycoplasma species which caused false positive results in a Mycoplasma meleagridis-specific PCR, was isolated from a tracheal swab of a clinically healthy, captive, adult peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus). The isolate appeared in typical fried-egg-shaped colonies on SP4 agar plates and was dependent on sterol for growth. Acid was produced from glucose, but no arginine or urea was hydrolysed. The temperature range for growth was 28-44 °C, with an optimum at 37 °C. Strain M26T was serologically distinct from all species of the genus Mycoplasma with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity ≥94 %. Biochemical, serological and molecular biological properties demonstrate that this organism represents a novel species of the genus Mycoplasma, for which the name Mycoplasma hafezii sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is M26T (NCTC 13928, DSM 27652).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ziegler
- 1Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - F Möller Palau-Ribes
- 1Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - D Enderlein
- 1Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - W Herbst
- 2Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - L Schmidt
- 1Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - M Lierz
- 1Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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6
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Wünnemann H, Eskens U, Prenger-Berninghoff E, Ewers C, Lierz M. Lactococcus lactis, causative agent of an endocarditis valvularis and parietalis thromboticans in the allis shad, Alosa alosa (L.). J Fish Dis 2018; 41:1207-1215. [PMID: 29806192 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1940s, the anadromous allis shad, Alosa alosa (L.), has suffered population declines throughout its distribution range in Europe. In context of EU-LIFE projects for the reintroduction of the allis shad in the Rhine system, a comprehensive study was started in 2012 to investigate infectious diseases occurring in allis shad. In course of the study, 217 mature and young-of-the-year allis shad originating from the wild population from the Gironde-Garonne-Dordogne system (GGD-system) and the Rhine system as well as 38 allis shad from the breeding population were examined by use of bacteriological and histological methods. In 2012 and 2014, an endocarditis valvularis thromboticans caused by a coccoid bacterium was detected in 16% and 25% of mature allis shad originating from the GGD-system. Results of microbiologic examinations, including biochemical characteristics, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, revealed Lactococcus lactis as causative agent of this infection. This is the first report of an endocarditis valvularis and parietalis thromboticans caused by Lactococcus lactis in fish. Possible sources of infection as well as the impact for the reintroduction programme are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wünnemann
- Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - U Eskens
- The Hessen State Laboratory, Giessen, Germany
| | - E Prenger-Berninghoff
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - C Ewers
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - M Lierz
- Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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7
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Schneider H, Fischer D, Failing K, Ehling C, Meinecke-Tillmann S, Wehrend A, Lierz M. Investigations on a cryopreservation protocol for long-term storage of psittacine spermatozoa using cockatiel semen as an example. Theriogenology 2018; 110:8-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Curland N, Gethöffer F, van Neer A, Ziegler L, Heffels-Redmann U, Lierz M, Baumgärtner W, Wohlsein P, Völker I, Lapp S, Bello A, Pfankuche VM, Braune S, Runge M, Moss A, Rautenschlein S, Jung A, Teske L, Strube C, Schulz J, Bodewes R, Osterhaus ADME, Siebert U. Investigation into diseases in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants ( Phasianus colchicus) in northwestern Germany during population decline with special reference to infectious pathogens. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2018; 64:12. [PMID: 32214944 PMCID: PMC7087779 DOI: 10.1007/s10344-018-1173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The population of ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) is decreasing all over Germany since the years 2008/2009. Besides impacts of habitat changes caused by current rates of land conversion, climatic influences or predators, a contribution of infectious pathogens needs also to be considered. Infectious and non-infectious diseases in free-living populations of ring-necked pheasants have been scarcely investigated so far. In the present study, carcasses of 258 deceased free-ranging pheasants of different age groups, predominantly adult pheasants, collected over a period of 4 years in the states of Lower Saxony, North Rhine–Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein, were examined pathomorphologically, parasitologically, virologically and bacteriologically, with a focus set on infectious pathogens. A periocular and perinasal dermatitis of unknown origin was present in 62.3% of the pheasants. Additional alterations included protozoal cysts in the skeletal musculature (19.0%), hepatitis (21.7%), enteritis (18.7%), gastritis (12.6%), and pneumonia (11.7%). In single cases, neoplasms (2.6%) and mycobacteriosis (1.7%) occurred. Further findings included identification of coronaviral DNA from trachea or caecal tonsils (16.8%), siadenoviral DNA (7.6%), avian metapneumoviral RNA (6.6%), and infectious bursal disease viral RNA (3.7%). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on herpesvirus, avian influenza virus (AIV), paramyxovirus type 1 (PMV-1), avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV), and chlamydia were negative. Based on the present results, there is no indication of a specific pathogen as a sole cause for population decline in adult pheasants. However, an infectious disease can still not be completely excluded as it may only affect reproduction effectivity or a certain age group of pheasants (e.g., chicks) which were not presented in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Curland
- 1Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Gethöffer
- 1Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - A van Neer
- 1Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - L Ziegler
- 2Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 91, 35321 Giessen, Germany
| | - U Heffels-Redmann
- 2Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 91, 35321 Giessen, Germany
| | - M Lierz
- 2Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 91, 35321 Giessen, Germany
| | - W Baumgärtner
- 3Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Wohlsein
- 3Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - I Völker
- 3Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Lapp
- 3Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Bello
- 3Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - V M Pfankuche
- 3Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Braune
- 4Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES), Food and Veterinary Institute Braunschweig/Hannover, Eintrachtweg 17, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Runge
- 4Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES), Food and Veterinary Institute Braunschweig/Hannover, Eintrachtweg 17, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Moss
- 5Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES), Food and Veterinary Institute Oldenburg, Philosophenweg 38, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - S Rautenschlein
- 6Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Jung
- 6Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - L Teske
- 6Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Strube
- 7Institute for Parasitology, Center for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Schulz
- 8Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Bodewes
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, Ee1726, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A D M E Osterhaus
- 10Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - U Siebert
- 1Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
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9
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Funcke S, Ziegler L, Lierz M, Wüst E, Paries S. Endoscopic assisted orchiectomy in Herman’s tortoises (Testudo hermanni sp.). Tierarztl Prax Ausg K 2018; 42:383-9. [DOI: 10.15654/tpk-131089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SummaryObjective: Male tortoises in captivity are often aggressive against other males or females, in particular during mating season related to hormonal influences (testosterone). Castration in males is the treatment of choice in many vertebrate species. A novel technique of minimal invasive castration is presented for Herman’s tortoises (Testudo hermanni).Material and methods: The procedure was performed in ten mature males. An endoscope (2.7 mm/30° angled) was inserted into a prefemoral incision on each side. The testicle was resected after ligation of the gubernaculum testis and the spermatic cord using hemoclips.Results: Each testicle could be removed in approximately 20 minutes. Complications like hemorrhage or damage of adjacent tissue did not occur and all animals recovered uneventfully.Conclusions and clinical relevance: Using the bilateral prefemoral entrance offers an alternative option for orchiectomy in Herman’s tortoises without dissection of the shell. Thus complications like hemorrhage or impaired wound healing followed by sequestration of the bone flap are prevented. Because of the anatomical settings and the risk of tissue damage and time consumption, a unilateral approach is not recommended. Fasting the animals is necessary due to the voluminous gastrointestinal tract of this herbivorous tortoise and emptying the urinary bladder provides more space for manipulations in the coelomic cavity and prevents clipping and cutting of adjacent organs. The magnification via the endoscope is beneficial for orientation in the coelomic cavity, which is formed by the extremely convex carapace. Without this equipment it is challenging to visualize the dorsocaudally located gonads through the relatively small incision and the inserted instruments might block the view at the surgical field. Administration of hemoclips achieved a good hemostasis and the testicles could be resected without major blood loss. The described technique is a gentle method for resection of the testicles in this species and can be adapted to other European tortoise species of equal size.
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Heuser W, Pendl H, Knowles NJ, Keil G, Herbst W, Lierz M, Kaleta EF. Soft plastron, soft carapace with skeletal abnormality in juvenile tortoises. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1623777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Objective: A disease is described in juvenile tortoises (Testudo graeca and Geochelone elegans) consisting mainly of a soft carapace, soft plastron and deformed skeleton. The aim of this study was to determine histopathological lesions and the biological properties of the isolated viruses. Materials and methods: Clinical signs and gross pathology were determined on diseased and healthy appearing tortoises. Paraffin sections were stained with HE, PAS and Prussian Blue and histologically examined. Terrapene heart (TH-1) cell cultures served for virus isolations from 64 tissues and 104 swabs. One isolate (isolate 1243/37 tongue) was used in neutralization tests on 19 sera. Results: Retarded growth and increasingly soft plastron and carapace were the prominent signs in diseased tortoises. Pathological lesions consisted of dilated urinary sac, enlarged kidneys and livers. Histopathologically, hepatic hemosiderosis, hypoplastic anaemia, congestive glomerulonephrosis and osteodystrophy were seen. A novel virus (“virus X”) was isolated from 64 organs and 79 of 104 swabs. The isolated viruses were identified as a novel chelonid picornavirus based on cytopathic effect, resistance to chloroform and stability at low pH. Co-cultivation with 5-iodo-2’-deoxyuridine and actinomycin D did not reduce virus titres. Electron microscopically, round, non-enveloped particles (25–30 nm) were detected. Neutralizing antibodies to the isolate 1243/37tongue were present in 17 of 19 sera from seven species of tortoises. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Nephropathy, osteodystrophy and virus isolations suggest a viral aetiology. Metabolic bone disease is the major differential diagnosis. Further investigations in vivo are needed to evaluate the likely effects of the picornavirus on tortoises.
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11
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Neumann D, Kaleta EF, Lierz M. Semen collection and artificial insemination in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) – A potential model for psittacines. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1623695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Study: Since many psittacine species are endangered and also rare in captivity, the number of offspring produced from breeding is crucial. Many potential breeding birds in species conservation programs are force-paired, and the eggs of many clutches are frequently infertile. Furthermore, male infertility is a common problem. The use of artificial insemination may increase the number of fertile eggs. Material and methods: In this study, 32 cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) were divided into two groups. In one group, the males were endoscopically sterilised. The males of the other group were used as semen donors. After collection using a novel massage technique, semen samples were examined microscopically to assess contamination and quality. Samples with medium to high sperm concentrations, medium to high motility and no contaminants were used for intracloacal artificial insemination of hens in the group with sterile males. Results: In total, 74.2% of all attempts to collect semen were successful. Insemination resulted in fertilisation of 17 of 23 eggs (73.9%), which was slightly lower than the natural fertilisation rate (88.4%). No negative effects were observed on the oviposition interval of the inseminated hens throughout the entire study. Clinical relevance: Easily applicable in veterinary practice, this study demonstrates that the use of artificial insemination may be a valuable tool to address reproductive failure of psittacines in breeding projects.
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Heuser W, Lierz M, Kraut S, Fischer D. Laser therapy in a soft-shelled turtle (
Pelodiscus sinensis
) for the treatment of skin and shell ulceration. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1623709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummarySkin and shell diseases in aquatic turtles are often associated with several underlying causes. The presented case report describes aetiology including differential diagnoses, diagnostic procedures and therapy of a soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) suffering from a septicaemic ulcerative dermatitis. Central aspect hereby is the positive curing effect of laser therapy on skin and shell lesions.
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13
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Sommer D, Enderlein D, Antakli A, Schönenbrücher H, Slaghuis J, Redmann T, Lierz M. Salmonella detection in poultry samples. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1623140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Study: The efficiency of two commercial PCR methods based on real-time technology, the foodproof® Salmonella detection system and the BAX® PCR Assay Salmonella system was compared to standardized culture methods (EN ISO 6579:2002 – Annex D) for the detection of Salmonella spp. in poultry samples. Material and methods: Four sample matrices (feed, dust, boot swabs, feces) obtained directly from poultry flocks, as well as artificially spiked samples of the same matrices, were used. All samples were tested for Salmonella spp. using culture methods first as the gold standard. In addition samples spiked with Salmonella Enteridis were tested to evaluate the sensitivity of both PCR methods. Furthermore all methods were evaluated in an annual ring-trial of the National Salmonella Reference Laboratory of Germany. Results: Salmonella detection in the matrices feed, dust and boot swabs were comparable in both PCR systems whereas the results from feces differed markedly. The quality, especially the freshness, of the fecal samples had an influence on the sensitivity of the real-time PCR and the results of the culture methods. In fresh fecal samples an initial spiking level of 100 cfu/25 g Salmonella Enteritidis was detected. Two-days-dried fecal samples allowed the detection of 14 cfu/25 g. Both real-time PCR protocols appear to be suitable for the detection of Salmonella spp. in all four matrices. The foodproof® system detected eight samples more to be positive compared to the BAX® system, but had a potential false positive result in one case. In 7-days-dried samples none of the methods was able to detect Salmonella likely through letal cell damage. Clinical relevance: In general the advantage of PCR analyses over the culture method is the reduction of working time from 4–5 days to only 2 days. However, especially for the analysis of fecal samples official validation should be conducted according to the requirement of EN ISO 6579:2002 – Annex D.
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Herden C, Herzog S, Piepenbring A, Lierz M. Die neuropathische Drüsenmagendilatation der Psittaziden und das aviäre Bornavirus als potenzielle Ursache. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1622832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand: Die neuropathische Drüsenmagendilatation der Psittaziden (PDD) ist eine bedeutende Erkrankung von Papageien, die stets letal endet. Sie tritt bei zahlreichen Papageienspezies auf und bedroht ganze Zuchtbestände, kommt bei anderen Vogelfamilien dagegen sehr selten vor. Die Ursache dieser Erkrankung war bislang unklar, obwohl schon lange eine Virusätiologie vermutet wurde. Kürzlich gelang der Nachweis eines neuen Virus (aviäres Bornavirus [ABV]) aus an PDD erkrankten Papageien, das seitdem als wahrscheinlichste Ursache gilt. Obwohl auch klinisch gesunde Papageien eine ABV-Infektion aufweisen können, zeigen verschiedene Studien einen Zusammenhang zwischen der Virusinfektion und der klinischen Erkrankung der PDD auf. Neben dem direkten Virusnachweis eignen sich auch serologische Methoden zum Infektionsnachweis. Schlussfolgerungen: Das aviäre Bornavirus ist zurzeit der wahrscheinlichste Kandidat als Erreger der PDD. Zuchtbestände und Neuzugänge sollten daher molekularbiologisch und serologisch auf eine Infektion mit ABV überprüft werden. Der diagnostische Wert des ABV-Infektionsnachweises zur Absicherung der klinischen Diagnose PDD muss in weiteren Studien genauer abgeklärt werden.
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15
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Wünnemann H, Bergmann SM, Eskens U, Scharbert A, Hundt M, Lierz M. First report of a cystic malformation on the upper jaw of hatchery-reared allis shad Alosa alosa. J Fish Dis 2017; 40:1-10. [PMID: 27146560 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The anadromous allis shad Alosa alosa has suffered dramatic population declines throughout Europe and is currently considered as endangered throughout its entire distribution range. In order to reestablish allis shad in the River Rhine, which formerly housed one of the largest and most important populations, an EU-LIFE Project 'The re-introduction of allis shad in the Rhine system' was started in 2007. In course of the LIFE+ Projects, allis shad larvae bred from genitor fish of the Gironde-Garonne-Dordogne population in France were reared in a pilot ex situ stock plant pilot facility in Aßlar, Germany. At an age of 1-2 months, about 100% of these fish developed approximately 0.5- to 0.8-cm large, fluid-filled, transparent cysts in conjunction with the upper jaw. The performed microbiological, virological, parasitological and histological examinations did not detect any infectious agents. Possible causative agents are discussed with regard to environmental factors and the nutrition of larvae. In conclusion, the observed malformations are considered a sign for a severe health problem and therefore a risk for the successful breeding of allis shad in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wünnemann
- Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - S M Bergmann
- Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald, Germany
| | - U Eskens
- The Hessen State Laboratory, Giessen, Germany
| | - A Scharbert
- Rheinischer Fischereiverband von 1880 e.V., Siegburg, Germany
| | - M Hundt
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - M Lierz
- Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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Bublat A, Fischer D, Bruslund S, Schneider H, Meinecke-Tillmann S, Wehrend A, Lierz M. Seasonal and genera-specific variations in semen availability and semen characteristics in large parrots. Theriogenology 2016; 91:82-89. [PMID: 28215690 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In large parrots electro-stimulation is suitable for collecting semen, and therefore, to facilitate semen examination and artificial insemination. Previous studies have detected differences in the semen collection success rate and semen parameters between psittacine genera. It remained unclear whether these differences were genera-related, seasonal variations or depend on the males' relationship status. To answer these questions, semen collection and spermatological analysis were performed for four psittacine groups (macaws, amazons, eclectus parrots and cockatoos) over 13 months. In one breeding facility, semen collection was attempted in 82 males using electro-stimulation twice monthly. A complete spermatological evaluation was performed on 435 semen samples. Volume, color, consistency, contamination and pH of semen, as well as motility, progressive motility, sperm concentration, total sperm count, viability, and morphology of spermatozoa were evaluated. Seasonality affected the collection success rate in macaws and amazons. Thereby, in amazons a distinct peak was observed several days before and around oviposition, whereas eclectus parrots and cockatoos produced semen all year round. The average sperm concentration was highest in eclectus parrots (2.7 × 106 sperm/μl) and lowest in macaws (35.6 × 103 sperm/μl). The differences in the semen collection success rate and semen parameters seem to coincide with the bird's breeding biology. The collected data allows a prognostic estimation when semen collection seems favorable, and may be taken as orientation values for semen analysis in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bublat
- Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 91, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - D Fischer
- Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 91, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - S Bruslund
- Loro Parque Fundación, Avenida Loro Parque s/n, 38400 Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - H Schneider
- Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 91, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - S Meinecke-Tillmann
- Department of Reproductive Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 2, 30559 Hanover, Germany.
| | - A Wehrend
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 106, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - M Lierz
- Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 91, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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Heiderich E, Failing K, Lierz M, Schildger B. The effect of endoscopic sterilization on reproductive behavior and pair bond maintenance of feral pigeons (Columba livia). Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2016; 44:94-104. [PMID: 27004497 DOI: 10.15654/tpk-150290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Problems related to feral pigeons (Columba livia) in cities mainly result from their large numbers due to uncontrolled population growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether endoscopic guided sterilization affects the reproductive behavior of feral pigeons under experimental conditions, with the intention of assessing this technique as a potential method for feral pigeon population control. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five groups of four pairs of feral pigeons each were studied from 8 weeks before, to 7 weeks after sterilization. Both the male and female of the first pair of each group were sterilized, in the second pair only the female and in the third pair only the male was sterilized. The fourth pair acted as a control. All eggs laid were candled to assess fertility. RESULTS Surgical sterilization had minimal effects on behavior and therefore seems not to have impact on possible field application for population control. All pairs maintained their pair bonds and continued to defend their nesting sites against other pigeons. Only one female copulated with a foreign fertile male while her primary partner was debilitated due to surgery, but returned to him as soon as he recovered. All eggs laid more than 5 days after male sterilization were infertile, whereas all control pairs had fertile eggs. Only one fertile clutch was produced, 5 days after the male's sterilization. Therefore it is assumed that males remain fertile for a limited period of time. CONCLUSION Endoscopic sterilization seems to be a promising method for field control of feral pigeon populations and sterilization of the male only seems sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Heiderich
- Elisabeth Heiderich, Tierpark Bern, Tierparkweg 1, 3005 Bern, Schweiz, E-Mail:
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Sommer D, Heffels-Redmann U, Köhler K, Lierz M, Kaleta EF. [Role of the poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) in the transmission of avian influenza A virus]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2016; 44:26-33. [PMID: 26830386 DOI: 10.15653/tpg-150413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the poultry red mite (Dermanyssus [D.] gallinae) in the horizontal transmission of avian influenza A virus (AIV) to chickens. This mite is the most common ectoparasite in poultry worldwide, and may play a role in the spread of infectious agents including AIV. Currently, the control of mites is difficult due to frequently developed resistance to many acaricides, their nocturnality and their ability to survive hidden without feeding for months. MATERIALS AND METHODS D. gallinae were collected in a commercial layer farm and housed in self-made fibreboard boxes. SPF chickens were intravenously infected with AIV strain A/turkey/Ontario/7732/1966 (H5N9). The viraemia in chickens was monitored and at an appropriate time point about 1000 mites were allowed to suck on the AIV infected chickens. Re-isolation of the virus from blood-filled mites was tried daily for 14 days using chicken embryo fibroblast cultures and embryonated chicken eggs. Subsequently, the virus containing mites were placed into boxes that contained naïve SPF chickens to enable virus transmission from mites to chickens. Possible transmission to the chickens was examined using clinical signs, serology, gross lesions, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Chickens developed a dose-dependent viraemia one day after infection, therefore this day was chosen for the bloodmeal of the mites. AIV was detected in mites after bloodsucking on AIV-infected chickens over a 10-day period. Naïve SPF chickens were infected during bloodsucking of AIV carrying mites. AIV isolates in mites and in chickens were undistinguishable from the original AIV inoculum by RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS D. gallinae ingested AIV during bloodmeals on AIV infected chickens and are able to transmit AIV to SPF chickens. Therefore, mites serve as mechanical vector of AIV and may play a major role in the circulation of AIV within a facility or area although the life span of infectious virus in the mite is limited. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The proven transmission requires more than ever a systematic control of this ectoparasite in order to maintain poultry health and productivity. The demonstrated vector function of this mite is of great significance for poultry flocks all over the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - E F Kaleta
- Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Erhard F. Kaleta, Klinik für Vögel, Reptilien, Amphibien und Fische, Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Frankfurter Straße 91-93, 35392 Gießen, E-Mail:
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Al-Ibadi B, Piepenbring A, Herzog S, Heffels-Redmann U, Enderlein D, Lierz M, Herden C. Comparison between Abv2 and Abv4 distribution patterns in experimentally infected cockatiels. J Comp Pathol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Malberg S, Al-Ibadi B, Heckmann J, Piepenbring A, Lierz M, Pouokam E, Diener M, Herden C. Immunohistochemical markers for the enteric nervous system of the cockatiel. J Comp Pathol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.10.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fischer D, Van Waeyenberghe L, Cray C, Gross M, Usleber E, Pasmans F, Martel A, Lierz M. Comparison of Diagnostic Tools for the Detection of Aspergillosis in Blood Samples of Experimentally Infected Falcons. Avian Dis 2014; 58:587-98. [DOI: 10.1637/10831-032714-reg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Fischer D, Neumann D, Wehrend A, Lierz M. Comparison of conventional and computer-assisted semen analysis in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) and evaluation of different insemination dosages for artificial insemination. Theriogenology 2014; 82:613-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sommer D, Redmann T, Rademacher A, Schormann R, Zahn M, Lierz M. [Investigation of the practical use of a vaccination device ("Pullet Vaccinator") for young layers]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2014; 42:289-296. [PMID: 25327151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety of layer vaccination of the vaccination device "Pullet Vaccinator", its publicised increased operational safety and the practicality of the device using serological monitoring of the vaccination success. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a first trial, two veterinarians experienced in the syringe method vaccinated hens using the syringe and the vaccination device, respectively. After 1 hour, the equipment was switched and both veterinarians continued to vaccinate for a further hour. The second trial proceeded as in the first trial, except with untrained persons. For each of the four vaccination groups (experienced/syringe; experienced/device; untrained/syringe; untrained/device), the number of vaccinated hens was counted and 20 hens were dissected from each group to compare the impact of both inoculation methods on the animals. To monitor vaccination success, blood was collected for serological screening. On the final blood collection day, further hens per group were dissected to evaluate possible long-term injuries. RESULTS The vaccination device offers greater occupational safety compared to the syringe method. Vaccination injuries to the hens' breast muscles were more pronounced with the syringe application. For experienced persons, the number of vaccinated animals per hour was approximately doubled using the syringe compared to the device. For the untrained, a comparable number of vaccinated animals was recorded for both methods. Serological monitoring did not show any significant differences in antibody response to the vaccination between both methods. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In certain points, the device proved technically imperfect and should be revised for improved use in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - M Lierz
- Prof. Dr. Michael Lierz, Klinik für Vögel, Reptilien, Amphibien und Fische der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurter Straße 91-93, 35392 Gießen, E-Mail:
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Sommer D, Redmann T, Rademacher A, Schormann R, Zahn M, Lierz M. Untersuchungen zum Einsatz des Impfautomaten „Pullet Vaccinator“ in der Junghennenaufzucht. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1623236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel: Überprüft werden sollten Sicherheit und Unbedenklichkeit der Vakzination von Hühnern mit dem Impfautomaten „Pullet Vaccinator“, die vom Hersteller propagierte höhere Arbeitssicherheit und die Praktikabilität des Systems mit anschließender serologischer Kontrolle des Impferfolgs. Material und Methoden: Im ersten Versuchsabschnitt impfte je ein mit dem Spritzenverfahren geübter Tierarzt parallel mit der halbautomatischen Spritze und mit dem Automaten. Nach 1 Stunde wurden die Impfgeräte getauscht und für eine weitere Stunde geimpft. Der zweite Versuchsteil verlief analog zum ersten, doch führten hier im Impfen ungeübte Personen die Vakzination durch. Die Anzahl der geimpften Hennen wurde gezählt und von jeder der vier Impfgruppen (geübt/Spritze; geübt/Automat; ungeübt/Spritze; ungeübt/Automat) wurden 20 Tiere seziert, um die Auswirkungen der beiden Methoden zu vergleichen. Weiterhin erfolgte eine serologische Untersuchung zur Prüfung des Impferfolgs. Für die Evaluierung möglicher Spätfolgen der Vakzination wurden am letzten Termin der Blutentnahme weitere Hennen seziert. Ergebnisse: Der Impfautomat bietet eine höhere Arbeitssicherheit als die halbautomatische Spritze. Nach Spritzenapplikation lagen ausgeprägtere Impfschäden in der Muskulatur der Hühner vor. Geübte Personen impften mit der Spritze pro Stunde etwa doppelt so viele Tiere wie mit dem Automaten. Wurden die Impfungen von ungeübten Personen vorgenommen, war die Zahl geimpfter Tiere bei beiden Verfahren annähernd gleich. Die serologische Untersuchung ergab keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den zwei Methoden in Bezug auf den Impferfolg. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Technisch ist der Impfautomat in einzelnen Punkten noch nicht ausgereift und sollte überarbeitet werden, um im praktischen Einsatz bestehen zu können.
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Heuser W, Pendl H, Knowles NJ, Keil G, Herbst W, Lierz M, Kaleta EF. Soft plastron, soft carapace with skeletal abnormality in juvenile tortoises. Histopathology and isolation of a novel picornavirus from Testudo graeca and Geochelone elegans. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2014; 42:310-320. [PMID: 25323213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A disease is described in juvenile tortoises (Testudo graeca and Geochelone elegans) consisting mainly of a soft carapace, soft plastron and deformed skeleton. The aim of this study was to determine histopathological lesions and the biological properties of the isolated viruses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical signs and gross pathology were determined on diseased and healthy appearing tortoises. Paraffin sections were stained with HE, PAS and Prussian Blue and histologically examined. Terrapene heart (TH-1) cell cultures served for virus isolations from 64 tissues and 104 swabs. One isolate (isolate 1243/37 tongue) was used in neutralization tests on 19 sera. RESULTS Retarded growth and increasingly soft plastron and carapace were the prominent signs in diseased tortoises. Pathological lesions consisted of dilated urinary sac, enlarged kidneys and livers. Histopathologically, hepatic hemosiderosis, hypoplastic anaemia, congestive glomerulonephrosis and osteodystrophy were seen. A novel vi- rus ("virus X") was isolated from 64 organs and 79 of 104 swabs. The isolated viruses were identified as a novel chelonid picornavirus based on cytopathic effect, resistance to chloroform and stability at low pH. Co-cultivation with 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine and actinomycin D did not reduce virus titres. Electron microscopically, round, non-enveloped particles (25-30 nm) were detected. Neutralizing antibodies to the isolate 1243/37tongue were present in 17 of 19 sera from seven species of tortoises. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Nephropathy, osteodystrophy and virus isolations suggest a viral aetiology. Metabolic bone disease is the major differential diagnosis. Further investigations in vivo are needed to evaluate the likely effects of the picornavirus on tortoises.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - E F Kaleta
- Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Erhard F. Kaleta, Klinik für Vögel, Reptilien, Amphibien und Fische der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurter Straße 91-93, D-35392 Gießen, E-Mail:
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Fischer D, Hampel MR, Lierz M. [Monitoring the success of veterinary treatment in rehabilitated and released birds of prey using radiotelemetry]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2014; 42:29-35. [PMID: 24518945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Free-ranging birds of prey brought to veterinary practice should only be treated after thorough diagnostics. Before their release back into the wild, specific training - including falconry techniques - may be necessary, depending on raptor species and age. Rehabilitated birds of prey were monitored using radiotelemetry after release back into the wild. The success of veterinary therapy and the prognosis of treated diseases/injuries in free-ranging birds were evaluated. In addition, the use of radiotelemetry as a simple technique for surveillance was evaluated. The project was undertaken in cooperation with schools as a contribution to environmental education. MATERIAL UND METHODS: Three common buzzards (Buteo buteo) and one kestrel (Falco tinnunculus)were treated and released with a radio transmitter attached to a tail feather. They were tracked daily (by car or plane), observed using binoculars and their GPS coordinates were documented. RESULTS One transmitter was lost early, making monitoring of the bird impossible. Three birds were monitored over a period of more than 14 days. These birds were successfully reintroduced into the wild, as documented from courtship displays and mating. The longest flight distance achieved was 44 km. CONCLUSIONS Veterinary treatment aimed at rehabilitating feral birds can be successful. Radiotelemetry is a suitable tool to monitor free-ranging birds. The application of this technique is performed readily by laypeople (school students). CLINICAL RELEVANCE Being in agreement with other studies, this data should motivate veterinarians to treat wild birds of prey for rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fischer
- Dominik Fischer, Klinik für Vögel, Reptilien, Amphibien und Fische, Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurter Straße 91-93, 35392 Gießen, E-Mail:
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Kraut S, Fischer D, Heuser W, Lierz M. Laser therapy in a soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) for the treatment of skin and shell ulceration. A case report. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2013; 41:261-266. [PMID: 23958710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Skin and shell diseases in aquatic turtles are often associated with several underlying causes. The presented case report describes aetiology including differential diagnoses, diagnostic procedures and therapy of a soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) suffering from a septicaemic ulcerative dermatitis. Central aspect hereby is the positive curing effect of laser therapy on skin and shell lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kraut
- Dominik Fischer, Klinik für Vögel, Reptilien, Amphibien und Fische, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurter Straße 91-93, 35392 Gießen, Germany,
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Neumann D, Kaleta EF, Lierz M. Semen collection and artificial inseminationin cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus)--a potential model for psittacines. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2013; 41:101-105. [PMID: 23608965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
STUDY Since many psittacine species are endangered and also rare in captivity, the number of offspring produced from breeding is crucial. Many potential breeding birds in species conservation programs are force-paired, and the eggs of many clutches are frequently infertile. Furthermore, male infertility is a common problem. The use of artificial insemination may increase the number of fertile eggs. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, 32 cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) were divided into two groups. In one group, the males were endoscopically sterilised. The males of the other group were used as semen donors. After collection using a novel massage technique, semen samples were examined microscopically to assess contamination and quality. Samples with medium to high sperm concentrations, medium to high motility and no contaminants were used for intracloacal artificial insemination of hens in the group with sterile males. RESULTS In total, 74.2% of all attempts to collect semen were successful. Insemination resulted in fertilisation of 17 of 23 eggs (73.9%), which was slightly lower than the natural fertilisation rate (88.4%). No negative effects were observed on the oviposition interval of the inseminated hens throughout the entire study. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Easily applicable in veterinary practice, this study demonstrates that the use of artificial insemination may be a valuable tool to address reproductive failure of psittacines in breeding projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Neumann
- Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 91-93, Giessen, Germany.
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Pees M, Pees K, Abraham G, Lierz M, Ungemach FR, Krautwald-Junghanns ME. [Examinations on the pharmacokinetics and compatibility of enalapril in racing pigeons]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2013; 41:319-325. [PMID: 24127029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It was the aim of this study to examine the compatibility and the pharmacokinetics of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril after oral application in racing pigeons and Amazons, and to contribute to a safe dosage regime of this drug in birds. MATERIAL AND METHODS For the examination of drug compatibility, three groups of pigeons (n = 8 each) received enalapril into the crop at a dose of 5 or 10 mg/kg body weight, or placebo, respectively. Health status, and water and food consumption were monitored regularly, and clinical, hematological and blood-chemical parameters were determined. To determine a suitable starting dosage, birds were treated with enalapril at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg (first trial) and 1.25 mg/kg (second trial), and blood samples were collected at defined time points. Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the enalapril concentration in the plasma samples was determined. RESULTS Drug application did not cause any significant drug-related difference between the groups. Nearly all measured parameters were found to be within normal physiological ranges. Only for hematocrit was a slight but significant increase found for the group treated with 5 mg/kg enalapril. In pigeons, after application of 2.5 mg/kg enalapril, the maximum plasma concentration was found in the first sample taken (388.2 ± 174.1 mg/kg). The application of 1.25 mg/kg resulted in a maximum concentration of 116.1 ± 70.2 ng/ml after 30 minutes in pigeons. In the Amazon birds, the maximum value was found after 1 hour (first sampling) of 43.3 ±6.0 ng/ml. In all examinations, the enalapril concentration was <15 ng/ml after 8 hours. The terminal half-life was 2.68 hours for pigeons and 2.36 hours for Amazons. CONCLUSION The results underline the good compatibility of enalapril after oral administration in healthy pigeons. A starting dosage of 1.25 mg/kg enalapril given twice daily can be recommended. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The study provides basic data (compatibility and pharmacokinetics) for the application of enalapril in birds such as the racing pigeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pees
- PD Dr. Michael Pees, Klinik für Vögel und Reptilien der Universität Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 17, 04103 Leipzig, E-Mail:
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Van Waeyenberghe L, Fischer D, Coenye T, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F, Pasmans F, Lierz M, Martel A. Susceptibility of adult pigeons and hybrid falcons to experimental aspergillosis. Avian Pathol 2012; 41:563-7. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2012.733930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Van Waeyenberghe
- a The Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Ghent University , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 , Merelbeke , Belgium
| | - D. Fischer
- b Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish , Justus Liebig University , Frankfurter Straβe 91–93, 35392 , Giessen , Germany
| | - T. Coenye
- c Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 , Gent , Belgium
| | - R. Ducatelle
- a The Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Ghent University , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 , Merelbeke , Belgium
| | - F. Haesebrouck
- a The Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Ghent University , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 , Merelbeke , Belgium
| | - F. Pasmans
- a The Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Ghent University , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 , Merelbeke , Belgium
| | - M. Lierz
- b Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish , Justus Liebig University , Frankfurter Straβe 91–93, 35392 , Giessen , Germany
| | - A. Martel
- a The Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Ghent University , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 , Merelbeke , Belgium
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Hirschberg RM, Saleh M, Kaiser S, Lierz M, Hafez HM, Bragulla HH. Polymelous Layer Chick Displaying Additional Malformations of the Hind Gut: Case Report and In-Depth Review of Related Literature. Anat Histol Embryol 2012; 41:262-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2011.01130.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. M. Hirschberg
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Freie Universität Berlin; Koserstr. 20; D-14195; Berlin; Germany
| | - M. Saleh
- Institute of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin; Germany
| | - S. Kaiser
- Fachtierarztpraxis am Erzberg; Braunschweig; Germany
| | - M. Lierz
- Institute of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin; Germany
| | - H. M. Hafez
- Institute of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin; Germany
| | - H. H. Bragulla
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge; LA; USA
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Sommer D, Enderlein D, Antakli A, Schönenbrücher H, Slaghuis J, Redmann T, Lierz M. Salmonella detection in poultry samples. Comparison of two commercial real-time PCR systems with culture methods for the detection of Salmonella spp. in environmental and fecal samples of poultry. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2012; 40:383-389. [PMID: 23242148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY The efficiency of two commercial PCR methods based on real-time technology, the foodproof® Salmonella detection system and the BAX® PCR Assay Salmonella system was compared to standardized culture methods (EN ISO 6579:2002 - Annex D) for the detection of Salmonella spp. in poultry samples. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four sample matrices (feed, dust, boot swabs, feces) obtained directly from poultry flocks, as well as artificially spiked samples of the same matrices, were used. All samples were tested for Salmonella spp. using culture methods first as the gold standard. In addition samples spiked with Salmonella Enteridis were tested to evaluate the sensitivity of both PCR methods. Furthermore all methods were evaluated in an annual ring-trial of the National Salmonella Reference Laboratory of Germany. RESULTS Salmonella detection in the matrices feed, dust and boot swabs were comparable in both PCR systems whereas the results from feces differed markedly. The quality, especially the freshness, of the fecal samples had an influence on the sensitivity of the real-time PCR and the results of the culture methods. In fresh fecal samples an initial spiking level of 100cfu/25g Salmonella Enteritidis was detected. Two-days-dried fecal samples allowed the detection of 14cfu/25g. Both real- time PCR protocols appear to be suitable for the detection of Salmonella spp. in all four matrices. The foodproof® system detected eight samples more to be positive compared to the BAX® system, but had a potential false positive result in one case. In 7-days-dried samples none of the methods was able to detect Salmonella likely through letal cell damage. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In general the advantage of PCR analyses over the culture method is the reduction of working time from 4-5 days to only 2 days. However, especially for the analysis of fecal samples official validation should be conducted according to the requirement of EN ISO6579:2002 - Annex D.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sommer
- Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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Klopfleisch R, Hafez MH, Lierz M. [Mucosal polyps as the cause of esophageal obstruction in a parrot. A differential diagnosis for the Proventricular Dilatation Syndrome]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2011; 39:277-280. [PMID: 22143667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Möller Palau-Ribes F, Redmann T, Hafez MH, Kershaw O, Lierz M. [A rare clinical form of Marek's Disease (cutaneous form) in ornamental fowl]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2011; 39:203-207. [PMID: 22143630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Möller Palau-Ribes
- Klinik für Vögel, Reptilien, Amphibien und Fische der Justus-Liebig Universität Gießen.
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Reßmeyer S, Herzog S, Enderlein D, Heffels-Redmann U, Lierz M, Herden C, Buchinder A. Distribution Patterns of Avian Bornavirus in Psittacine Birds Suffering From Proventricular Dilatation Disease. J Comp Pathol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Olias P, Gruber AD, Heydorn AO, Kohls A, Hafez HM, Lierz M. Unusual Biphasic Disease in Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica) Following Experimental Infection with Sarcocystis calchasi. Avian Dis 2010; 54:1032-7. [DOI: 10.1637/9303-031110-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
Mycoplasma lipofaciens strain ML64, isolated from an egg of a northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), has been found to be pathogenic for chicken embryos causing mortality during the first 2 weeks of incubation. The same strain was inoculated in turkey embryos to evaluate its pathogenicity and its ability to be transmitted laterally in the hatchery. The strain was found to be pathogenic for turkey embryos, causing a high mortality (88.9%) during late incubation as well as haemorrhages of the legs, dwarfing, curled toes and a severe, multifocal, purulent to necrotizing bronchopneumonia. In addition, lateral transmission between turkey poults hatched from infected eggs and poults from non-infected controls was observed in the incubator.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lierz
- Institute for Poultry Diseases, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Fischer D, Kraut S, Hampel MR, Lierz M. [Surgical removal of foreign bodies in a gander by using a bar magnet]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2010; 38:172-177. [PMID: 22290552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Fischer
- Dominik Fischer, Klinik für Vögel, Reptilien, Amphibien und Fische, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurter Straße 91-93, 35392 Gießen, E-Mail:
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Lecis R, Chessa B, Cacciotto C, Addis MF, Coradduzza E, Berlinguer F, Muzzeddu M, Lierz M, Carcangiu L, Pittau M, Alberti A. Identification and characterization of novel Mycoplasma spp. belonging to the hominis group from griffon vultures. Res Vet Sci 2010; 89:58-64. [PMID: 20096430 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasmas are commensals and pathogens of various avian species, and are also regularly found in birds of prey, although their significance to birds' health remains unclear. Here we describe two novel Mycoplasma isolated from the upper respiratory tract of four Eurasian griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) housed in a wildlife recovery centre in Sardinia (Italy). By sequencing the 16S rRNA gene and the entire 16S/23S intergenic spacer region, the new strains were classified within the Mycoplasma taxonomy at the group and cluster levels, showing that the two isolates fall into the Mycoplasma synoviae and Mycoplasma hominis clusters of the hominis group, respectively. We combined molecular tools and immunoblotting methods in order to further characterize these isolates, and antigenic analyses overall confirmed the molecular findings. Different levels of pathogenicity and prevalence of these strains might have different implications for the conservation and reintroduction of vultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lecis
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Clinica Veterinaria, Sezione Malattie Infettive, Universitá degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
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Lierz M, Hafez MH, Korbel R, Krautwald-Junghanns M, Kummerfeld N, Hartmann S, Richter T. [Recommendations for the veterinary care and assessment of bird of prey collections]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2010; 38:313-324. [PMID: 22215316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Legislation from a new regulation of the Federal Nature Conservation Act that became effective on March 1, 2010 requires a written program for veterinary prophylaxis, treatment and nutrition for zoo and animal collections. As a result of this act, veterinary care is now obligatory for all captive birds of prey kept within either private or commercial collections, independent on the number of birds involved. The legal requirements of the Act will shortly be introduced and recommendations for the veterinary care of bird of prey collections are provided. Firstly, risk assessment of different husbandry systems (falconry birds, show birds, breeding stock, rehabilitation) is performed and veterinary care programs are provided based upon these assessments. Additionally, instructions for anamnestic ascertainments, work flow, feeding, quarantine, cleaning and disinfection procedures as well as prophylactic measures such as vaccination are provided. As husbandry, in particular the size and equipment of cages is important for the health and welfare of the birds, species specific housing, care and protection measures are also discussed. Veterinarians will be able to refer to these guidelines and can use them in the future for collection management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lierz
- Prof. Dr. M. Lierz, Klinik für Vögel, Reptilien, Amphibien und Fische der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurter Straße 91-93, 35392 Gießen, E-Mail:
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Lierz M, Herden C, Herzog S, Piepenbring A. [Proventricular dilatation disease and Avian Bornavirus as a possible cause]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2010; 38:87-94. [PMID: 22331308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD) is a very important letal disease in parrots. It affects several psittacine species and is a high risk factor for the health of breeding collections, but is rarely observed in other avian families. To date, the etiology of the disease remained unclear, though a virus infection was always assumed. Recently, a novel virus (Avian Bornavirus [ABV]) was discovered in parrots suffering from PDD so that ABV is now considered as the most likely cause. Despite the fact that clinically healthy birds may be infected with ABV, several studies demonstrate a correlation between ABV-infection and clinically present PDD. Apart from direct virus detection, serological methods allow the demonstration of an infection. CONCLUSIONS Currently, Avian Bornavirus is the leading candidate as the aetiologic agent of PDD. Breeding collections and birds planned to be introduced into collections should therefore be investigated by molecular biological and serological methods for the presence of an ABV-infection. The diagnostic value of the demonstration of an ABV-infection for the diagnosis of a clinically present PDD has to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lierz
- Klinik für Vögel, Reptilien, Amphibien und Fische, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurter Straße, Gießen.
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Scherfke M, Hafez MH, Kershaw O, Lierz M. [Bronchial adenocarcinoma and possible differential diagnosis in an ornamental cock (Gallus gallus domesticus)]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2010; 38:245-248. [PMID: 22215300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Scherfke
- Prof. Dr. Michael Lierz, Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Klinik für Vögel, Reptilien, Amphibien und Fische der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurter Straße 91-93, 35392 Gießen, E-Mail:
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Fischer D, Heuser W, Pantchev N, Wolken S, Neumann D, Lierz M. [Subcutaneous sparganosis in an Australian green tree frog (Litoria caerulea)]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2010; 38:249-253. [PMID: 22215301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Fischer
- Dominik Fischer, Klinik für Vögel, Reptilien, Amphibien und Fische, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurter Straße 91-93, 35392 Gießen, E-Mail:
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Olias P, Lierz M, Hafez H, Heydorn A, Kohls A, Mehlhorn H, Gruber A. Emergence of a novel Sarcocystis-Associated encephalitis and myositis in domestic pigeons transmitted by the northern goshawk. J Comp Pathol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Olias P, Lierz M, Hafez H, Jacobsen I, Gruber A. Microsatellite genotyping and virulence assessment of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates from white stork nestlings and their environment. J Comp Pathol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Lierz
- Institute for Poultry Diseases; Free University of Berlin; Koenigsweg 63 14163 Berlin Germany
| | - H. M. Hafez
- Institute for Poultry Diseases; Free University of Berlin; Koenigsweg 63 14163 Berlin Germany
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47
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Olias P, Gruber AD, Heydorn A, Kohls A, Mehlhorn H, Hafez HM, Lierz M. A novelSarcocystis-associated encephalitis and myositis in racing pigeons. Avian Pathol 2009; 38:121-8. [DOI: 10.1080/03079450902737847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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48
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Mundhenk L, Müller K, Lierz M, Lüschow D, Stahl T, Müller H, Johne R. Psittacid herpesvirus DNA in a pancreatic duct carcinoma in a macaw. Vet Rec 2009; 164:306-8. [PMID: 19270323 DOI: 10.1136/vr.164.10.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Mundhenk
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
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Lierz M, Obon E, Schink B, Carbonell F, Hafez HM. The Role of Mycoplasmas in a Conservation Project of the Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni). Avian Dis 2008; 52:641-5. [DOI: 10.1637/8378-061608-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Lierz
- a Institute for Poultry Diseases , Free University of Berlin , Koenigsweg 63, 14163 , Berlin , Germany
| | - H. M. Hafez
- a Institute for Poultry Diseases , Free University of Berlin , Koenigsweg 63, 14163 , Berlin , Germany
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