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Vizzi E, Fernández R, Angulo LA, Blanco R, Pérez C. HUMAN COSAVIRUS INFECTION IN HIV SUBJECTS WITH DIARRHOEA: PERSISTENT DETECTION ASSOCIATED WITH FATAL OUTCOME. J Clin Virol 2021; 139:104825. [PMID: 33940330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2021.104825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human cosavirus (HCoSV) is a new member of the Picornaviridae family, geographically widespread among humans. It has been suggested as a causative agent of acute gastroenteritis, but its pathogenicity is not currently certain. In HIV-infected subjects, diarrhoea is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal manifestations, whose aetiology remains often unexplained. OBJECTIVES To identify the cause of viral diarrhoea among HIV infected patients by molecular assays. STUDY DESIGN A total of 143 stool samples from HIV subjects with and without diarrhoea, were screened for conventional enteric viruses (rotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus and astrovirus) by molecular assays. The presence of HCoSV genome was investigated by nested RT-PCR for the 5'UTR region. Positive samples were further characterized by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS Enteric viruses were more frequently found in diarrhoea cases (9/82) than controls (0/61) (p=0.007). HCoSV was detected in five (3.5%) of the subjects affected by diarrhoea. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the predominance of the HCoSV species D. One patient suffered a persistent cosavirus infection with a same strain and after eight months he had a fatal outcome. No other pathogens could be detected. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a role of non-conventional enteric viruses, as HCoSV, as a potential opportunistic agent causing persistent infection and deterioration of the clinical conditions in HIV-infected patients. Screening procedures and monitoring including such viruses would be helpful in the clinical management of such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Vizzi
- Laboratorio de Biología de Virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC). Carretera Panamericana Km 11, Caracas 1020-A, Edo. Miranda, Venezuela.
| | - Rixio Fernández
- Laboratorio de Biología de Virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC). Carretera Panamericana Km 11, Caracas 1020-A, Edo. Miranda, Venezuela
| | - Luis A Angulo
- Laboratorio de Biología de Virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC). Carretera Panamericana Km 11, Caracas 1020-A, Edo. Miranda, Venezuela; Present address: Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Departamento de Infectología. Laboratorio Virología Molecular. Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Ruth Blanco
- Laboratorio de Biología de Virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC). Carretera Panamericana Km 11, Caracas 1020-A, Edo. Miranda, Venezuela; Present address: Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, IVIC. Carretera Panamericana Km 11, Caracas 1020-A, Edo. Miranda, Venezuela
| | - Carlos Pérez
- Servicio de Infectología. Hospital General del Oeste "Dr. José Gregorio Hernández". Catia, Sector Los Magallanes de Catia. Caracas, Venezuela
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Di Cristanziano V, Weimer K, Böttcher S, Sarfo FS, Dompreh A, Cesar LG, Knops E, Heger E, Wirtz M, Kaiser R, Norman B, Phillips RO, Feldt T, Eberhardt KA. Molecular Characterization and Clinical Description of Non-Polio Enteroviruses Detected in Stool Samples from HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Adults in Ghana. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020221. [PMID: 32079128 PMCID: PMC7077198 DOI: 10.3390/v12020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the post-polio eradication era, increasing attention is given to non-polio enteroviruses. Most of the data about enteroviruses in sub-Saharan Africa are related to acute flaccid paralysis surveillance and target the pediatric population. This study aimed to investigate the presence of enterovirus in PLHIV (people living with HIV) and HIV-negative individuals in Ghana. Stool samples from HIV-positive individuals (n = 250) and healthy blood donors (n = 102) attending the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana, were screened by real-time PCR for enterovirus. Molecular typing of the VP1 region was performed. Enterovirus-positive samples were tested for norovirus, adenovirus, rotavirus, sapovirus, and cosaviruses. Twenty-six out of 250 HIV-positive subjects (10.4%) and 14 out of 102 HIV-negative individuals (13.7%) were detected enterovirus-positive, not showing a significant different infection rate between the two groups. HIV-negative individuals were infected with Enterovirus C strains only. HIV-positive participants were detected positive for species Enterovirus A, Enterovirus B, and Enterovirus C. Co-infections with other viral enteric pathogens were almost exclusively detected among HIV-positive participants. Overall, the present study provides the first data about enteroviruses within HIV-positive and HIV-negative adults living in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Di Cristanziano
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (V.D.C.); (K.W.); (E.K.); (E.H.); (M.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Kristina Weimer
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (V.D.C.); (K.W.); (E.K.); (E.H.); (M.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Sindy Böttcher
- National Reference Centre for Poliomyelitis and Enteroviruses, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Fred Stephen Sarfo
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana; (F.S.S.); (B.N.); (R.O.P.)
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi 00233, Ghana;
| | | | | | - Elena Knops
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (V.D.C.); (K.W.); (E.K.); (E.H.); (M.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Eva Heger
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (V.D.C.); (K.W.); (E.K.); (E.H.); (M.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Maike Wirtz
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (V.D.C.); (K.W.); (E.K.); (E.H.); (M.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Rolf Kaiser
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (V.D.C.); (K.W.); (E.K.); (E.H.); (M.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Betty Norman
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana; (F.S.S.); (B.N.); (R.O.P.)
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi 00233, Ghana;
| | - Richard Odame Phillips
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana; (F.S.S.); (B.N.); (R.O.P.)
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi 00233, Ghana;
- Kumasi Center for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi 00233, Ghana
| | - Torsten Feldt
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Kirsten Alexandra Eberhardt
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-40-428-180
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Rezig D, Ben Farhat E, Touzi H, Meddeb Z, Ben Salah A, Triki H. Prevalence of human cosaviruses in Tunisia, North Africa. J Med Virol 2015; 87:940-3. [PMID: 25649285 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A new picornavirus, named human Cosavirus (HCoSV) was isolated recently from stools of children with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) and healthy children in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Since then, it was also isolated from patients from other countries. Five species are presently identified forming a new genus in the Picornaviridae family. This study reports the detection of HCoSV in stool specimens collected as part of the National Poliovirus surveillance Program in Tunisia, between 2011 and 2012, from patients with AFP and healthy individuals among their contacts. One hundred and ninety four stool samples were investigated by RT-PCR in the 5' non-coding region of the genome. A total of 64 specimens (33%) tested positive for HCoSV. HCoSV positive specimens were found in 36 cases with neurological syndromes and 28 of their healthy contacts. The highest rate of HCoSV infection (62.5%) occurred in children younger than 6 years of age. The sampling date of stool specimens suggested that HCoSV infection occurred regularly over time. Also, the sampling origin of stool specimen showed that HCoSV infection was detected in almost all the governorates of Tunisia from the North to the South of the country. This study is the first report of HCoSV prevalence in the North African region. It contributes to a better knowledge on the geographic distribution and the epidemiology of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorra Rezig
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Regional Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia
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Oude Munnink BB, Canuti M, Deijs M, de Vries M, Jebbink MF, Rebers S, Molenkamp R, van Hemert FJ, Chung K, Cotten M, Snijders F, Sol CJA, van der Hoek L. Unexplained diarrhoea in HIV-1 infected individuals. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:22. [PMID: 24410947 PMCID: PMC3925291 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal symptoms, in particular diarrhoea, are common in non-treated HIV-1 infected individuals. Although various enteric pathogens have been implicated, the aetiology of diarrhoea remains unexplained in a large proportion of HIV-1 infected patients. Our aim is to identify the cause of diarrhoea for patients that remain negative in routine diagnostics. METHODS In this study stool samples of 196 HIV-1 infected persons, including 29 persons with diarrhoea, were examined for enteropathogens and HIV-1. A search for unknown and unexpected viruses was performed using virus discovery cDNA-AFLP combined with Roche-454 sequencing (VIDISCA-454). RESULTS HIV-1 RNA was detected in stool of 19 patients with diarrhoea (66%) compared to 75 patients (45%) without diarrhoea. In 19 of the 29 diarrhoea cases a known enteropathogen could be identified (66%). Next to these known causative agents, a range of recently identified viruses was identified via VIDISCA-454: cosavirus, Aichi virus, human gyrovirus, and non-A non-B hepatitis virus. Moreover, a novel virus was detected which was named immunodeficiency-associated stool virus (IASvirus). However, PCR based screening for these viruses showed that none of these novel viruses was associated with diarrhoea. Notably, among the 34% enteropathogen-negative cases, HIV-1 RNA shedding in stool was more frequently observed (80%) compared to enteropathogen-positive cases (47%), indicating that HIV-1 itself is the most likely candidate to be involved in diarrhoea. CONCLUSION Unexplained diarrhoea in HIV-1 infected patients is probably not caused by recently described or previously unknown pathogens, but it is more likely that HIV-1 itself plays a role in intestinal mucosal abnormalities which leads to diarrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas B Oude Munnink
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Canuti
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Deijs
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel de Vries
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Jebbink
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Rebers
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Molenkamp
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Formijn J van Hemert
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Chung
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Cees JA Sol
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lia van der Hoek
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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