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Kotei L, Clarke E. Novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 is an important eradication tool, but reaching every last child remains vital. Lancet Infect Dis 2024; 24:337-339. [PMID: 38246192 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00781-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Larry Kotei
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Ed Clarke
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia.
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2
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Cooper LV, Blake IM. First Africa-based clinical trial for novel type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine. Lancet 2024; 403:1113-1115. [PMID: 38402883 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura V Cooper
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Isobel M Blake
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
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3
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Tuijtelaars J, Brehm MA, Twisk JWR, Nollet F. Two-year course of walking adaptability in persons living with late effects of polio. J Rehabil Med 2024; 56:jrm14727. [PMID: 38497608 DOI: 10.2340/jrm.v56.14727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the 2-year course of walking adaptability in persons with late effects of polio. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. PATIENTS A total of 48 persons with late effects of polio (69% female, mean age 63.1 years) with a fall history and/or fear of falling. METHODS Walking adaptability (i.e. variable target-stepping and reactive obstacle-avoidance) was assessed on an interactive treadmill at baseline, 1 year and 2 years. Further, leg-muscle strength and balance were assessed at baseline. The course of walking adaptability was analysed with linear mixed models. Based on median values, subgroups were defined for low vs high baseline walking-adaptability and for clinical characteristics. Tme by subgroup interactions were analysed. RESULTS Variable target-stepping and reactive obstacle-avoidance did not change (p > 0.285). Reactive obstacle-avoidance improved for persons with a high balance score at baseline (p = 0.037), but not for those with lower scores (p = 0.531). No other time by subgroup interactions were found (p > 0.126). CONCLUSION Walking adaptability did not change in persons with late effects of polio over 2 years, and walking adaptability course did not differ between subgroups stratified for walking adaptability determinants, except for balance. Since falls are a major problem among persons with late effects of polio, future studies should investigate whether walking adaptability declines over a longer time and which persons are most at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Tuijtelaars
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Rehabilitation & Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Merel-Anne Brehm
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Rehabilitation & Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jos W R Twisk
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frans Nollet
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Rehabilitation & Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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4
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[Vaccination of seniors]. Rev Prat 2024; 74:Yves-Buisson. [PMID: 38551858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
VACCINATION OF SENIORS. In France, the vaccination schedule for seniors (people aged 65 and over) recommends 4 vaccinations (Covid-19, flu, DTP [diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis] and shingles), plus 3 others in the event of a particular risk (pneumococcus, whooping cough, hepatitis A). Nevertheless, vaccination coverage for these infectious diseases remains insufficient, making an increasingly heavy medical and economic burden in an aging population. Vaccination of seniors must become a priority public health objective and involve all health professionals, first and foremost treating physicians. It must be improved by integrating advances in vaccinology and digital technologies into a program aimed at maintaining vaccination coverage throughout life.
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Tan WS, Rong E, Dry I, Lillico S, Law A, Digard P, Whitelaw B, Dalziel RG. Validation of Candidate Host Cell Entry Factors for Bovine Herpes Virus Type-1 Based on a Genome-Wide CRISPR Knockout Screen. Viruses 2024; 16:297. [PMID: 38400072 PMCID: PMC10893506 DOI: 10.3390/v16020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
To identify host factors that affect Bovine Herpes Virus Type 1 (BoHV-1) infection we previously applied a genome wide CRISPR knockout screen targeting all bovine protein coding genes. By doing so we compiled a list of both pro-viral and anti-viral proteins involved in BoHV-1 replication. Here we provide further analysis of those that are potentially involved in viral entry into the host cell. We first generated single cell knockout clones deficient in some of the candidate genes for validation. We provide evidence that Polio Virus Receptor-related protein (PVRL2) serves as a receptor for BoHV-1, mediating more efficient entry than the previously identified Polio Virus Receptor (PVR). By knocking out two enzymes that catalyze HSPG chain elongation, HST2ST1 and GLCE, we further demonstrate the significance of HSPG in BoHV-1 entry. Another intriguing cluster of candidate genes, COG1, COG2 and COG4-7 encode six subunits of the Conserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex. MDBK cells lacking COG6 produced fewer but bigger plaques compared to control cells, suggesting more efficient release of newly produced virions from these COG6 knockout cells, due to impaired HSPG biosynthesis. We further observed that viruses produced by the COG6 knockout cells consist of protein(s) with reduced N-glycosylation, potentially explaining their lower infectivity. To facilitate candidate validation, we also detailed a one-step multiplex CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system, an orthogonal method to KO that enables quick and simultaneous deployment of three CRISPRs for efficient gene inactivation. Using CRISPR3i, we verified eight candidates that have been implicated in the synthesis of surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). In summary, our experiments confirmed the two receptors PVR and PVRL2 for BoHV-1 entry into the host cell and other factors that affect this process, likely through the direct or indirect roles they play during HSPG synthesis and glycosylation of viral proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Spring Tan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK (I.D.); (P.D.); (R.G.D.)
| | - Enguang Rong
- Division of Infection and Immunity, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK (I.D.); (P.D.); (R.G.D.)
| | - Inga Dry
- Division of Infection and Immunity, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK (I.D.); (P.D.); (R.G.D.)
| | - Simon Lillico
- Division of Functional Genetics and Development, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK; (S.L.); (B.W.)
- Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK
| | - Andy Law
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK;
| | - Paul Digard
- Division of Infection and Immunity, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK (I.D.); (P.D.); (R.G.D.)
| | - Bruce Whitelaw
- Division of Functional Genetics and Development, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK; (S.L.); (B.W.)
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK;
| | - Robert G. Dalziel
- Division of Infection and Immunity, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK (I.D.); (P.D.); (R.G.D.)
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Braga VL, Moreira HLC, Fraiman PHA, Sarmento FP, Farias IB, Serrano PDL, Badia BDML, Chieia MAT, Pinto WBVDR, Souza PVSD, Oliveira ASB. Segmental areas of denervation in post-polio syndrome. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2024; 82:1-2. [PMID: 38395421 PMCID: PMC10890918 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1779507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Lopes Braga
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
| | - Heloísa Lopes Cohim Moreira
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Henrique Almeida Fraiman
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
| | - Filipe Pereira Sarmento
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
| | - Igor Braga Farias
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
| | - Paulo de Lima Serrano
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruno de Mattos Lombardi Badia
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
| | - Marco Antônio Troccoli Chieia
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Paulo Victor Sgobbi de Souza
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
| | - Acary Souza Bulle Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
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Saleem AF, Parkar S, Zehra SM, Kazi Z, Pethani A, Zhang Y, Mainou BA, Cavestany RL, Macklin G, Jeyaseelan V, Mach O. Two-Year Duration of Immunity of Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine: A Follow-up Study in Pakistan in 2020. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:39-42. [PMID: 37368349 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This was a follow-up study conducted in 2020 assessing changes in levels of type 2 poliovirus-neutralizing antibodies 2 years postimmunization in children who received inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) in Karachi, Pakistan. Unexpectedly, the findings revealed an increase in seroprevalence of type 2 antibodies from 73.1% to 81.6% 1 year and 2 years after IPV, respectively. The increase in type 2 immunity could result from the intensive transmission of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) in Karachi during the second year of IPV administration. This study suggests that the cVDPV2 outbreak detected in Pakistan infected large proportions of children in Karachi. Clinical Trials Registration . NCT03286803.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Faisal Saleem
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Parkar
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Zaubina Kazi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Asma Pethani
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yiting Zhang
- Population Immunity Laboratory, Polio and Picornavirus Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - Bernardo A Mainou
- Population Immunity Laboratory, Polio and Picornavirus Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | | | - Grace Macklin
- Polio Eradication, World Health Organization Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Ondrej Mach
- Polio Eradication, World Health Organization Geneva, Switzerland
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8
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Alissa M, Hjazi A. Utilising biosensor-based approaches for identifying neurotropic viruses. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2513. [PMID: 38282404 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Neurotropic viruses, with their ability to invade the central nervous system, present a significant public health challenge, causing a spectrum of neurological diseases. Clinical manifestations of neurotropic viral infections vary widely, from mild to life-threatening conditions, such as HSV-induced encephalitis or poliovirus-induced poliomyelitis. Traditional diagnostic methods, including polymerase chain reaction, serological assays, and imaging techniques, though valuable, have limitations. To address these challenges, biosensor-based methods have emerged as a promising approach. These methods offer advantages such as rapid results, high sensitivity, specificity, and potential for point-of-care applications. By targeting specific biomarkers or genetic material, biosensors utilise technologies like surface plasmon resonance and microarrays, providing a direct and efficient means of diagnosing neurotropic infections. This review explores the evolving landscape of biosensor-based methods, highlighting their potential to enhance the diagnostic toolkit for neurotropic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Weidauer S, Hattingen E, Arendt CT. Cervical myelitis: a practical approach to its differential diagnosis on MR imaging. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2023; 195:1081-1096. [PMID: 37479218 DOI: 10.1055/a-2114-1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differential diagnosis of non-compressive cervical myelopathy encompasses a broad spectrum of inflammatory, infectious, vascular, neoplastic, neurodegenerative, and metabolic etiologies. Although the speed of symptom onset and clinical course seem to be specific for certain neurological diseases, lesion pattern on MR imaging is a key player to confirm diagnostic considerations. METHODS The differentiation between acute complete transverse myelitis and acute partial transverse myelitis makes it possible to distinguish between certain entities, with the latter often being the onset of multiple sclerosis. Typical medullary MRI lesion patterns include a) longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis, b) short-range ovoid and peripheral lesions, c) polio-like appearance with involvement of the anterior horns, and d) granulomatous nodular enhancement prototypes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Cerebrospinal fluid analysis, blood culture tests, and autoimmune antibody testing are crucial for the correct interpretation of imaging findings. The combination of neuroradiological features and neurological and laboratory findings including cerebrospinal fluid analysis improves diagnostic accuracy. KEY POINTS · The differentiation of medullary lesion patterns, i. e., longitudinal extensive transverse, short ovoid and peripheral, polio-like, and granulomatous nodular, facilitates the diagnosis of myelitis.. · Discrimination of acute complete and acute partial transverse myelitis makes it possible to categorize different entities, with the latter frequently being the overture of multiple sclerosis (MS).. · Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) may start as short transverse myelitis and should not be mistaken for MS.. · The combination of imaging features and neurological and laboratory findings including cerebrospinal fluid analysis improves diagnostic accuracy.. · Additional brain imaging is mandatory in suspected demyelinating, systemic autoimmune, infectious, paraneoplastic, and metabolic diseases..
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Weidauer
- Institute for Neuroradiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Elke Hattingen
- Institute for Neuroradiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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10
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Haeder SF. U.S. public support and opposition to vaccination mandates in K-12 education in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine 2023; 41:7103-7115. [PMID: 37858447 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination mandates have long been an effective tool in increasing vaccination rates and reducing the potential for disease outbreaks. In the wake of COVID-19, opposition to mandates in the K-12 setting has garnered more attention, and policymakers opposed to them have become more active. This study sought to assess whether these efforts are supported by the U.S. public. METHODS We fielded a large, national survey (N = 16,461) from January to April of 2022 to assess U.S. public opinion about seven specific vaccination mandates (diphtheria, tetanus, & pertussis (DTaP); polio; chickenpox; measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR); hepatitis; human papillomavirus (HPV); and COVID-19) in K-12 educational settings. RESULTS We found that Americans are overwhelmingly supportive of all vaccination mandates with support ranging from a high 90 percent of respondents for DTaP, polio, chickenpox, and MMR to a low of 68 percent for COVID-19. Individuals who deemed vaccines safe and important, those with trust in the National Institutes of Health and the Food and Drug Administration, urban residents, and ethnic and racial minorities tended to be consistently more supportive. Perceptions about vaccine effectiveness were positively associated with mandate support in most cases, as was trust in medical doctors. Respondents who believed that vaccines cause autism, those with better health and more trust in religious leaders tended to be consistently more opposed. Women were generally more supportive of mandates except for HPV and COVID-19. Ideology and partisanship affected opinion for COVID-19 as did trust in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We found no effects for income or education. CONCLUSION Vaccination mandates in K-12 have broad support among the American public, even in more controversial cases such as HPV and COVID-19. Vocal opposition and growing interest by policymakers to limit or undo vaccination mandates are not supported by the broader public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon F Haeder
- Department of Health Policy & Management, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, TAMU 1266, 212 Adriance Lab Rd, College Station, TX 77843, United States.
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11
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Seither R, Yusuf OB, Dramann D, Calhoun K, Mugerwa-Kasujja A, Knighton CL. Coverage with Selected Vaccines and Exemption from School Vaccine Requirements Among Children in Kindergarten - United States, 2022-23 School Year. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023; 72:1217-1224. [PMID: 37943705 PMCID: PMC10651323 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7245a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
U.S. states and local jurisdictions set vaccination requirements for school attendance and conditions and procedures for exemptions from these requirements. States annually report data to CDC on the number of children in kindergarten who meet, are exempt from, or are in the process of meeting requirements. National- and state-level estimates for complete vaccination with measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR); diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP); poliovirus vaccine (polio); and varicella vaccine (VAR); exemptions from vaccination; and legally allowed kindergarten attendance while meeting requirements were based on data reported by 49 states and the District of Columbia (DC) for the 2022-23 school year. This kindergarten class became age-eligible to complete most state-required vaccinations during the COVID-19 pandemic. National coverage remained near 93% for all vaccines; exemptions were low but increased to 3%, compared with those during the 2021-22 school year (2.6%). At the state level, coverage with MMR, DTaP, polio, and VAR decreased in 29, 31, 28, and 25 states, respectively, compared with coverage during the 2021-22 school year. Exemptions increased in 40 states and DC, with 10 states reporting an exemption from at least one vaccine for >5% of kindergartners. Schools and providers should work to ensure that students are vaccinated before school entry, such as during the enrollment process, which is often several months before school starts. State and local provisional enrollment periods that allow students to attend school while on a catch-up schedule also provide the opportunity to fully vaccinate students and to prevent nonmedical exemptions resulting from lingering undervaccination due to COVID-19 pandemic-related barriers to vaccination, such as reduced access to vaccination appointments.
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12
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Ueno MK, Kitamura K, Nishimura Y, Arita M. Evaluation of Direct Detection Protocols for Poliovirus from Stool Samples of Acute Flaccid Paralysis Patients. Viruses 2023; 15:2113. [PMID: 37896890 PMCID: PMC10612058 DOI: 10.3390/v15102113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polio surveillance in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative has been conducted with virus isolation from stool samples of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases. Under the current biorisk management/regulations, challenges arise in the timelines of the report, sensitivity of the test and containment of poliovirus (PV) isolates. In the present study, we evaluated protocols of previously reported direct detection (DD) methods targeting the VP1 or VP4-VP2 regions of the PV genome in terms of sensitivity and sequencability. An optimized protocol targeting the entire-capsid region for the VP1 sequencing showed a high sensitivity (limit of detection = 82 copies of PV genome) with a simpler and faster reaction than reported ones (i.e., with the addition of all the primers at the start of the reaction, the RT-PCR reaction finishes within 2.5 h). The DD methods targeting the VP1 region detected PV in 60 to 80% of PV-positive stool samples from AFP cases; however, minor populations of PV strains in the samples with virus mixtures were missed by the methods. Sequencability of the DD methods was primarily determined by the efficiency of the PCRs for both Sanger and nanopore sequencing. The DD method targeting the VP4-VP2 region showed higher sensitivity than that targeting the VP1 region (limit of detection = 25 copies of PV genome) and successfully detected PV from all the stool samples examined. These results suggest that DD methods are effective for the detection of PV and that further improvement of the sensitivity is essential to serve as an alternative to the current polio surveillance algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Minetaro Arita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; (M.K.U.); (K.K.); (Y.N.)
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Kristensen MS, Hesselfeldt R, Schmidt JF. Improvements in cuirass ventilation for airway surgery: origins in Copenhagen on the 70th anniversary of the first intensive care unit. Br J Anaesth 2023; 131:644-648. [PMID: 37718095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The first modern intensive care unit was established in Copenhagen 70 yr ago. This cornerstone of anaesthesia was largely based on experience gained using positive pressure ventilation to save hundreds of patients during the polio epidemic in 1952. Ventilation approaches, monitoring techniques, and pharmacological innovations have developed to such an extent that cuirass ventilation, which proved inadequate during the polio epidemic, might now have novel applications for both anaesthesia and treatment of the critically ill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Kristensen
- Department of Anaesthesia, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Rasmus Hesselfeldt
- Department of Anaesthesia, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob F Schmidt
- Department of Anaesthesia, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Leal P, Gaete J, González C, Burgos P. Delays in the vaccination of infants between 2 and 18 months of age: associated factors in Chile. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1882. [PMID: 37770902 PMCID: PMC10540413 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infant vaccination has significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality of transmittable diseases worldwide. Its coverage is high (85%); however, partial or suboptimal vaccination has been an important public health problem. This study aimed (1) to design and explore the psychometric features of a questionnaire to determine the reasons for this partial or suboptimal vaccination; and 2) to determine the factors associated with delaying Diphtheria, Tetanus, Poliomyelitis (DTaP) vaccination. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study contained two parts. In Part One, a questionnaire was created by the research team and then validated by a committee of experts in the field and a group of parents. It included the following contents: sociodemographic variables, features of the vaccination services, history of vaccination, and attitudes and perceptions about vaccination. Part Two was a cross-sectional study, recruiting private and public healthcare centers to explore the psychometrics features of the instrument, performing exploratory factor analysis, and determining the associated factors with DTaP vaccination delay throughout multivariable regression models. RESULTS Initially, six experts validated the questionnaire. For instance, on a scale of 1 to 5, the general evaluation of the questionnaire was ≥ 4 for all the experts. Additionally, five experts considered that most of the questions were easy to understand, and all thought the questionnaire had a clear and logical organization. The resulting questionnaire included the "Trust and positive attitude towards vaccination" scale, which had a good structure of items and internal consistency (α = 0.7918). Six healthcare centers were recruited in the second part of the study, and 715 people answered the questionnaire. Not being the mother who brings the child to the health center, having more than one child, and having a history of previous vaccination delays increased the risk of delaying vaccination. Attending the healthcare center for a reason other than only vaccination, obtaining information about vaccines from the Internet, and having higher trust and positive attitudes to vaccination reduced the risk of delay. CONCLUSIONS First study during the pandemic to explore the role of different factors on the risk of DTaP vaccination delay in Latin America. The findings highlighted the importance of trust in the vaccination system. The instrument presented in this article may help the scientific community evaluate future interventions to increase trust and positive attitudes toward the vaccination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Leal
- Faculty of Medicine, Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Gaete
- Research Center for Students Mental Health (ISME), Faculty of Education, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
- Millennium Science Initiative Program, Millennium Nucleus to Improve, the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths, Imhay, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | - Pamela Burgos
- Immunization Department, Ministry of Health, Santiago, Chile
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CONTARINO FABIO, DI PIETRO ERMINIO, RANDAZZO CONCETTA, BELLA FRANCESCA, CONTRINO MARIALIA. Effectiveness of a vaccine recovery plan after the COVID-19 pandemic in the Siracusa Local Health Authority, Italy. Results of one year follow-up. J Prev Med Hyg 2023; 64:E289-E297. [PMID: 38125998 PMCID: PMC10730062 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3.3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has strongly impacted on the immunization services around the world, threatening the gains made in the control of vaccine-preventable diseases. Methods A vaccination recovery plan of missed vaccinations has been put in place in the LHA of Siracusa after the pandemic. We compared 2021 and 2020 vaccination coverage by age group and vaccine type after one year of follow-up of the recovery plan. The Chi-square test was executed on proportions for the years 2021 vs 2020. Results were considered statistically significant at a two-tailed p-value ≤ 0.05. Results 36-month coverage rates were 92.5% for polio and 93.7% for measles-containing-vaccine, representing -0.3% and -1.8% decreases, respectively, as compared to 2020. By 8 years of age (booster doses), immunisation coverage was 80.7% for polio and 80.1% for measles, representing a -5.7% and -3.7%, respectively, compared to 2020. 36-month coverage was 56.6% for Men B (-5.0% as compared to 2020), 73.2% for Men ACW135Y/C (+1.1% as compared to 2020) and 86.9% for PNC vaccine (-1.7%, as compared to 2020). Regarding HPV vaccination, in 2021, vaccine coverage was 44.2% (-4.4% compared to 2020). Compared to the previous report, the VC difference among the cohorts narrowed for all almost vaccinations, except for the anti-men B and the anti-HPV vaccination, for which we recorded an increase in VC difference, and for men ACW135Y/C, for which a significant increase has been recorded. Conclusions Despite the efforts to organize and realize an extensive and well-designed vaccination recovery, our data show that even after the 1-year follow-up, globally deficits in coverage for these routine vaccinations persist, although there has been a substantial and significant recovery of missed vaccinations, especially among younger children and for primary cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- FABIO CONTARINO
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology Unit,
Provincial Health Authority of Siracusa,
Italy
| | - ERMINIO DI PIETRO
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology Unit,
Provincial Health Authority of Siracusa,
Italy
| | - CONCETTA RANDAZZO
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology Unit,
Provincial Health Authority of Siracusa,
Italy
| | - FRANCESCA BELLA
- Siracusa Cancer Registry, Provincial Health Authority of
Siracusa, Italy
| | - MARIA LIA CONTRINO
- Head of Department of Public Health,
Provincial Health Authority of Siracusa,
Italy
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16
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Almeida AI, Sampaio L, Melo C, Sousa R. Neuroimaging of poliomyelitis-like syndrome by Epstein-Barr virus. An Pediatr (Barc) 2023; 99:210-212. [PMID: 37380532 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Almeida
- Servicio de Neuroimagen, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Oporto, Portugal.
| | - Luísa Sampaio
- Servicio de Neuroimagen, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Oporto, Portugal; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oporto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Melo
- Unidad de Neuropediatría, Servicio de Pediatría, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Sousa
- Unidad de Neuropediatría, Servicio de Pediatría, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Oporto, Portugal
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Effraimidou E, Cassimos DC, Medic S, Topalidou M, Theodoridou M, Maltezou HC. Vaccination programs for children aged up to 18 years in Europe, 2020. J Child Health Care 2023; 27:336-350. [PMID: 34844456 DOI: 10.1177/13674935211055294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although all European countries have vaccination policies for children, there are no comprehensive studies of pediatric vaccination programs in Europe. We studied vaccination programs for children in Europe. Vaccinations against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, Haemophilus influenzae type b, hepatitis B, measles, mumps, rubella, and influenza existed in 42 countries, against human papilloma virus in 41 countries, and against pneumococcus in 40 countries. In addition, the following vaccinations existed: against tuberculosis (35 countries), hepatitis A (33), meningococcus A, C, W, Y (30), rotavirus and varicella (28 countries each), meningococcus B (24), tick-born encephalitis (22), and meningococcus C (16). Mandatory vaccinations are implemented in 21 countries, mainly against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, H. influenzae type b, hepatitis B, measles, mumps, rubella, tuberculosis, and pneumococcus. There are significant differences among pediatric vaccination programs in Europe regarding number, schedules, indications, and regulatory frame (recommended or mandatory vaccinations). A consensus-based vaccination program for all children is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Snezana Medic
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Maria Topalidou
- Pediatric Clinic, Komotini General Hospital, Komotini, Greece
| | - Maria Theodoridou
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Helena C Maltezou
- Directorate of Research, Studies and Documentation, National Public Health Organization, Athens, Greece
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18
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Marinho CV, Queiroz RCDS, Araujo WRM, Tonello AS, Thomaz EBAF. Indicators of the National Immunization Program for children under one year old: time trend in Maranhão, Brazil, 2010 to 2021. Cien Saude Colet 2023; 28:2335-2346. [PMID: 37531541 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232023288.07312023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to analyze the trend of indicators of the National Immunization Program (acronym in Portuguese. PNI) in children under one-year-old and classify municipalities regarding the risk of transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases (RTVPD) in Maranhão from 2010 to 2021. This ecological time series study was based on secondary data on vaccination coverage (VC). vaccination coverage homogeneity (VCH). proportion of abandonment (PA). and RTVPD. with state coverage for vaccines in the national children's calendar. Prais-Winsten regression estimated trends (α=5%) and the indicators' annual percentage change (APC). We identified fluctuating and discrepant VC between vaccines. with a decreasing trend (p < 0.01). except those against Hepatitis B (p = 0.709) and oral human rotavirus (p = 0.143). The sharpest falls were for Yellow Fever (APC = 12.24%) and BCG (APC = 12.25%) vaccines. All VCH rates were lower than expected. with a drop from 2014 and APC between 5.75% (Pneumococcal 10; p = 0.033) and 14.02% (Poliomyelitis; p < 0.01). We observed an increasing trend in PA for Pentavalent (APC = 4.91%; p < 0.01) and Poliomyelitis (APC = 3.55%; p < 0.01). We identified an increase of 52.54% in the proportion of municipalities in Maranhão from 2015 to 2021. with extremely high (p = 0.025) and high (p = 0.028) RTVPD. The PNI indicators deteriorated. reaffirming the susceptibility to the emergence of vaccine-preventable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleia Varão Marinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Família, Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Centro Pedagógico Paulo Freire, Campus do Bacanga, Sala de Tutoria, 1º andar, Asa Norte. 65080-805 São Luís MA Brasil.
| | | | - Waleska Regina Machado Araujo
- Superintendência de Epidemiologia e Controle de Doenças, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Maranhão. São Luís MA Brasil
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Machado-Alba JE, Machado-Duque ME, Vargas-Zambrano JC. High coverage and timeliness of vaccination of children under 6 years of age in Risaralda, Colombia. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2257424. [PMID: 37722884 PMCID: PMC10512904 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2257424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study determined the coverage and timeliness of immunization in children <6 y from Risaralda, Colombia. A retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated data from a vaccination coverage and timeliness verification survey conducted in 2019, including 2457 children <6 y from Risaralda, Colombia. Variables included demographics, a record of vaccinations included in the Colombian Vaccination Plan, and date of immunization. Vaccination was defined as timely until 29 d after the day established by the plan. Coverage was over 95% for all vaccinations, except the boosters of diphtheria/pertussis/tetanus (DTP) and oral polio at 18 months (91.0%), influenza (85.6%), and yellow fever (49.2%). Most surveyed children demonstrated very high timeliness of vaccination, with values close to, or over, 90%, although there were exceptions for pentavalent (DTP+Haemophilus influenzae type B+hepatitis B) and polio vaccines at 6 months (79.4%), influenza (85.6%), and yellow fever (49.2%). Before the COVID-19 pandemic, Colombian Vaccination Plan demonstrated high coverage and timeliness of vaccination of children <6 y of age; however, timeliness for the third dose of DTP-Hib-HBV and polio showed opportunities for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Enrique Machado-Alba
- Grupo de Investigación en Farmacoepidemiología y Farmacovigilancia, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira-Audifarma SA, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Manuel Enrique Machado-Duque
- Grupo de Investigación en Farmacoepidemiología y Farmacovigilancia, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira-Audifarma SA, Pereira, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Colombia
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Thompson EM, Landi D, Brown MC, Friedman HS, McLendon R, Herndon JE, Buckley E, Bolognesi DP, Lipp E, Schroeder K, Becher OJ, Friedman AH, McKay Z, Walter A, Threatt S, Jaggers D, Desjardins A, Gromeier M, Bigner DD, Ashley DM. Recombinant polio-rhinovirus immunotherapy for recurrent paediatric high-grade glioma: a phase 1b trial. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2023; 7:471-478. [PMID: 37004712 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(23)00031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outcomes of recurrent paediatric high-grade glioma are poor, with a median overall survival of less than 6 months. Viral immunotherapy, such as the polio-rhinovirus chimera lerapolturev, is a novel approach for treatment of recurrent paediatric high-grade glioma and has shown promise in adults with recurrent glioblastoma. The poliovirus receptor CD155 is ubiquitously expressed in malignant paediatric brain tumours and is a treatment target in paediatric high-grade glioma. We aimed to assess the safety of lerapolturev when administered as a single dose intracerebrally by convection enhanced delivery in children and young people with recurrent WHO grade 3 or grade 4 glioma, and to assess overall survival in these patients. METHODS This phase 1b trial was done at the Duke University Medical Center (Durham, NC, USA). Patients aged 4-21 years with recurrent high-grade malignant glioma (anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma, anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, or anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma) or anaplastic ependymoma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumour, or medulloblastoma with infusible disease were eligible for this study. A catheter was tunnelled beneath the scalp for a distance of at least 5 cm to aid in prevention of infection. The next day, lerapolturev at a dose of 5 × 107 median tissue culture infectious dose in 3 mL infusate loaded in a syringe was administered via a pump at a rate of 0·5 mL per h as a one-time dose. The infusion time was approximately 6·5 h to compensate for volume of the tubing. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with unacceptable toxic effects during the 14-day period after lerapolturev treatment. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03043391. FINDINGS Between Dec 5, 2017, and May 12, 2021, 12 patients (11 unique patients) were enrolled in the trial. Eight patients were treated with lerapolturev. The median patient age was 16·5 years (IQR 11·0-18·0), five (63%) of eight patients were male and three (38%) were female, and six (75%) of eight patients were White and two (25%) were Black or African American. The median number of previous chemotherapeutic regimens was 3·50 (IQR 1·25-5·00). Six of eight patients had 26 treatment-related adverse events attributable to lerapolturev. There were no irreversible (ie, persisted longer than 2 weeks) treatment-related grade 4 adverse events or deaths. Treatment-related grade 3 adverse events included headaches in two patients and seizure in one patient. Four patients received low-dose bevacizumab on-study for treatment-related peritumoural inflammation or oedema, diagnosed by both clinical symptoms plus fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI. The median overall survival was 4·1 months (95% CI 1·2-10·1). One patient remains alive after 22 months. INTERPRETATION Convection enhanced delivery of lerapolturev is safe enough in the treatment of recurrent paediatric high-grade glioma to proceed to the next phase of trial. FUNDING Solving Kids Cancer, B+ Foundation, Musella Foundation, and National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Thompson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Landi
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael C Brown
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Henry S Friedman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Roger McLendon
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James E Herndon
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Cancer Institute Biostatistics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Evan Buckley
- Duke Cancer Institute Biostatistics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Eric Lipp
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Oren J Becher
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allan H Friedman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zachary McKay
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ashley Walter
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stevie Threatt
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Denise Jaggers
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Annick Desjardins
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthias Gromeier
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Darell D Bigner
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David M Ashley
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Huang S, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Chen M, Li C, Guo X, Zhu S, Zeng H, Fang L, Ke B, Li H, Yoshida H, Xu W, Deng X, Zheng H. Prevalence of Non-Polio Enteroviruses in the Sewage of Guangzhou City, China, from 2013 to 2021. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0363222. [PMID: 36995241 PMCID: PMC10269821 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03632-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous surveillance of enteroviruses (EVs) in urban domestic sewage can timely reflect the circulation of EVs in the environment and crowds, and play a predictive and early warning role in EV-related diseases. To better understand the long-term epidemiological trends of circulating EVs and EV-related diseases, we conducted a 9-year (2013 to 2021) surveillance study of non-polio EVs (NPEVs) in urban sewage in Guangzhou city, China. After concentrating and isolating the viruses from the sewage samples, NPEVs were detected and molecular typing was performed. Twenty-one different NPEV serotypes were identified. The most isolated EVs were echovirus 11 (E11), followed by coxsackievirus (CV) B5, E6, and CVB3. EV species B prevailed in sewage samples, but variations in the annual frequency of different serotypes were also observed in different seasons, due to spatial and temporal factors. E11 and E6 were detected continuously before 2017, and the number of isolates was relatively stable during the surveillance period. However, after their explosive growth in 2018 and 2019, their numbers suddenly decreased significantly. CVB3 and CVB5 had alternating trends; CVB5 was most frequently detected in 2013 to 2014 and 2017 to 2018, while CVB3 was most frequently detected in 2015 to 2016 and 2020 to 2021. Phylogenetic analysis showed that at least two different transmission chains of CVB3 and CVB5 were prevalent in Guangzhou City. Our results show that in the absence of a comprehensive and systematic EV-related disease surveillance system in China, environmental surveillance is a powerful and effective tool to strengthen and further investigate the invisible transmission of EVs in the population. IMPORTANCE This study surveilled urban sewage samples from north China for 9 years to monitor enteroviruses. Samples were collected, processed, and viral identification and molecular typing were performed. We detected 21 different non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) with yearly variations in prevalence and peak seasons. In addition, this study is very important for understanding the epidemiology of EVs during the COVID-19 pandemic, as the detection frequency and serotypes of EVs in sewage changed considerably around 2020. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because our results strongly suggest that environmental surveillance is an exceptionally important tool, which can be employed to detect and monitor organisms of public health concern, which would otherwise be missed and under-reported by case-based surveillance systems alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufen Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meizhong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caixia Li
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing, China
| | - Hanri Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bixia Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hiromu Yoshida
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wenbo Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanying Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
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Jouppila NVV, Lehtonen J, Seppälä E, Puustinen L, Oikarinen S, Laitinen OH, Knip M, Hyöty H, Hytönen VP. Assessment of Enterovirus Antibodies during Early Childhood Using a Multiplex Immunoassay. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0535222. [PMID: 37227147 PMCID: PMC10269870 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05352-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses are a group of positive single-stranded viruses that belong to the Picornaviridae family. They regularly infect humans and cause symptoms ranging from the common cold and hand-foot-and-mouth disease to life-threatening conditions, such as dilated cardiomyopathy and poliomyelitis. Enteroviruses have also been associated with chronic immune-mediated diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, celiac disease, and asthma. Studying these disease-pathogen connections is challenging due to the high prevalence of enterovirus infections in the population and the transient appearance of the virus during the acute infection phase, which limit the identification of the causative agent via methods based on the virus genome. Serological assays can detect the antibodies induced by acute and past infections, which is useful when direct virus detection is not possible. We describe in this immuno-epidemiological study how the antibody levels against VP1 proteins from eight different enterovirus types, representing all seven of the human infecting enterovirus species, vary over time. VP1 responses first significantly (P < 0.001) decline until 6 months of age, reflecting maternal antibodies, and they then start to increase as the infections accumulate and the immune system develops. All 58 children in this study were selected from the DiabImmnune cohort for having PCR-confirmed enterovirus infections. Additionally, we show that there is great, although not complete, cross-reactivity of VP1 proteins from different enteroviruses and that the response against 3C-pro could reasonably well reflect the recent Enterovirus infection history (ρ = 0.94, P = 0.017). The serological analysis of enterovirus antibodies in sera from children paves the way for the development of tools for monitoring the Enterovirus epidemics and associated diseases. IMPORTANCE Enteroviruses cause a wide variety of symptoms ranging from a mild rash and the common cold to paralyzing poliomyelitis. While enteroviruses are among the most common human pathogens, there is a need for new, affordable serological assays with which to study pathogen-disease connections in large cohorts, as enteroviruses have been linked to several chronic illnesses, such as type 1 diabetes mellitus and asthma exacerbations. However, proving causality remains an issue. In this study, we describe the use of an easily customizable multiplexed assay that is based on structural and nonstructural enterovirus proteins to study antibody responses in a cohort of 58 children from birth to 3 years of age. We demonstrate how declining maternal antibody levels can obscure the serological detection of enteroviruses before the age of six months and how antibody responses to nonstructural enterovirus proteins could be interesting targets for serodiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. V. V. Jouppila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - J. Lehtonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - E. Seppälä
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - L. Puustinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - S. Oikarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - O. H. Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - M. Knip
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - H. Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - V. P. Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
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23
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Amani A, Atuhebwe P, Mboussou FF, Ngoy N, M’boufoungou NE, Osei-Sarpong F, Traore C, Mihigo R, Chaiban T. A rapid increase in coverage of COVID-19 vaccination, Central African Republic. Bull World Health Organ 2023; 101:431-436. [PMID: 37265680 PMCID: PMC10225948 DOI: 10.2471/blt.22.289155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Problem In 2021, Central African Republic was facing multiple challenges in vaccinating its population against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including inadequate infrastructure and funding, a shortage of health workers and vaccine hesitancy among the population. Approach To increase COVID-19 vaccination coverage, the health ministry used three main approaches: (i) task shifting to train and equip existing community health workers (CHWs) to deliver COVID-19 vaccination; (ii) evidence gathering to understand people's reluctance to be vaccinated; and (iii) bundling of COVID-19 vaccination with the polio vaccination programme. Local setting Central African Republic is a fragile country with almost two thirds of its population in need of humanitarian assistance. Despite conducting two major COVID-19 vaccination campaigns, by January 2022 only 9% (503 000 people) of the 5 570 659 general population were fully vaccinated. Relevant changes In the 6 months from February to July 2022, Central African Republic tripled its coverage of COVID-19 vaccination to 29% (1 615 492 out of 5 570 659 people) by August 2022. The integrated polio-COVID-19 campaign enabled an additional 136 040 and 218 978 people to be vaccinated in the first and second rounds respectively, at no extra cost. Evidence obtained through surveys and focus group discussions enabled the health ministry to develop communication strategies to dispel vaccine hesitancy and misconceptions. Lessons learnt Task shifting COVID-19 vaccination to CHWs can be an efficient solution for rapid scaling-up of vaccination campaigns. Building trust with the community is also important for addressing complex health issues such as vaccine hesitancy. Collaborative efforts are necessary to provide access to COVID-19 vaccines for high-risk and vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adidja Amani
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaoundé 1, BP1364Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Phionah Atuhebwe
- Emergency Preparedness and Response, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Franck Fortune Mboussou
- Communicable and Noncommunicable Diseases Cluster, World Health Organization Inter-Country Support Teams Central Africa, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Nsenga Ngoy
- World Health Organization Country Office, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Nicaise Eloi M’boufoungou
- Expanded Programme on Immunization, Ministry of Health and Population, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Fred Osei-Sarpong
- Emergency Preparedness and Response, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Celestin Traore
- United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), West and Central Africa Regional Office, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Richard Mihigo
- Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, COVID-19 Vaccine Delivery, Coordination and Integration, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ted Chaiban
- UNICEF Headquarters, New York, United States of America
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Tetz KB, Schoenbeck SL. Assessing pain-the invisible, long-haul polio symptom. Nursing 2023; 53:42-46. [PMID: 36820695 DOI: 10.1097/01.nurse.0000905720.83240.9b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a common problem for polio survivors. Nurses are on the front line to assess the scope, severity, and impact of reported pain. This article describes how nurses can advocate for patients experiencing post-polio syndrome pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen B Tetz
- At Walla Walla University School of Nursing in Portland, Ore., Karen Tetz is a professor of nursing and Susan Schoenbeck is a mentor
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25
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Stone AE, Rambaran S, Trinh IV, Estrada M, Jarand CW, Williams BS, Murrell AE, Huerter CM, Bai W, Palani S, Nakanishi Y, Laird RM, Poly FM, Reed WF, White JA, Norton EB. Route and antigen shape immunity to dmLT-adjuvanted vaccines to a greater extent than biochemical stress or formulation excipients. Vaccine 2023; 41:1589-1601. [PMID: 36732163 PMCID: PMC10308557 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A key aspect to vaccine efficacy is formulation stability. Biochemical evaluations provide information on optimal compositions or thermal stability but are routinely validated by ex vivo analysis and not efficacy in animal models. Here we assessed formulations identified to improve or reduce stability of the mucosal adjuvant dmLT being investigated in polio and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) clinical vaccines. We observed biochemical changes to dmLT protein with formulation or thermal stress, including aggregation or subunit dissociation or alternatively resistance against these changes with specific buffer compositions. However, upon injection or mucosal vaccination with ETEC fimbriae adhesin proteins or inactivated polio virus, experimental findings indicated immunization route and co-administered antigen impacted vaccine immunogenicity more so than dmLT formulation stability (or instability). These results indicate the importance of both biochemical and vaccine-derived immunity assessment in formulation optimization. In addition, these studies have implications for use of dmLT in clinical settings and for delivery in resource poor settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addison E Stone
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Saraswatie Rambaran
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ivy V Trinh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Curtis W Jarand
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Blake S Williams
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Amelie E Murrell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Chelsea M Huerter
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - William Bai
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Surya Palani
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Renee M Laird
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA; Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Frederic M Poly
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Wayne F Reed
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth B Norton
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Al-Tawfiq JA, Kattan RF, Almoallem SAS, Altawfiq KJ, Mohsni E, Memish ZA. Worldwide poliomyelitis outbreaks: should mass gathering organizers be concerned? J Travel Med 2023; 30:6798397. [PMID: 36331257 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taac128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The polio is the longest PHEIC and the continued occurrence of outbreaks of cVDPV would put further risks globally. The binary nature of PHEIC declarations would not support the continued polio PHEIC due to the requirement of tiered or graded strategies to combat such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rana F Kattan
- Division Head Inpatient General Pediatrics, Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ezzeddine Mohsni
- Programme Essaha Aziza, Union Européenne, Pôle Centre, Tunisie, Tunisia
| | - Ziad A Memish
- Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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27
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Pucchio AMR, Alabdulraheem A, Salvadori MI. La poliomyélite. CMAJ 2023; 195:E247-E248. [PMID: 36781198 PMCID: PMC9928433 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.221320-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aoife M R Pucchio
- Faculté des sciences sociales (Pucchio), Université Western, London, Ont.; Département de pédiatrie (Alabdulraheem, Salvadori), Faculté de médecine, Université McGill, Montréal, Qc; Agence de la santé publique du Canada (Salvadori), Ottawa, Ont
| | - Anwar Alabdulraheem
- Faculté des sciences sociales (Pucchio), Université Western, London, Ont.; Département de pédiatrie (Alabdulraheem, Salvadori), Faculté de médecine, Université McGill, Montréal, Qc; Agence de la santé publique du Canada (Salvadori), Ottawa, Ont
| | - Marina I Salvadori
- Faculté des sciences sociales (Pucchio), Université Western, London, Ont.; Département de pédiatrie (Alabdulraheem, Salvadori), Faculté de médecine, Université McGill, Montréal, Qc; Agence de la santé publique du Canada (Salvadori), Ottawa, Ont.
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28
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Truschkat A, Poller M, Berli M, Hasler P. [Think Interdisciplinary to Improve a Complex Multifactorial Gait Disorder of a 28-Year-Old Polio Patient]. Praxis (Bern 1994) 2023; 112:111-116. [PMID: 36722112 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Think Interdisciplinary to Improve a Complex Multifactorial Gait Disorder of a 28-Year-Old Polio Patient Abstract. Poliomyelitis with the resulting paralytic sequelae is hardly present in Switzerland anymore and if so, only in elderly persons. The last reported case of poliomyelitis in Switzerland was received by the FOPH in 1982. A 28-year-old patient with paralytic poliomyelitis is extremely rare in this country. A combined multifactorial gait disorder with symptomatic hip dysplasia, pronounced leg length shortening and axial malalignment of the leg on the polio-affected side make this case unique and a special interdisciplinary challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Berli
- Technische Orthopädie, Universitätsklinik Balgrist, Zürich, Schweiz
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29
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Wang ME, Ratner AJ. Clinical progress note: Poliomyelitis. J Hosp Med 2023; 18:61-64. [PMID: 36314273 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Adam J Ratner
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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30
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Suran M. Highlights From Infectious Disease Week 2022-COVID-19, HIV, Monkeypox, and Polio. JAMA 2022; 328:2089-2091. [PMID: 36350667 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.17754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This Medical News article explores timely topics discussed at the annual IDWeek conference.
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32
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Hosoya M. [Acute Flaccid Paralysis]. Brain Nerve 2022; 74:1153-1162. [PMID: 36198640 DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416202203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is a general term for "acute flaccid paralysis of the extremities" and is a concept proposed to prove that polio has been eradicated in the region due to undetected poliovirus in stool samples. Polio-like palsy associated with enterovirus A71 has been reported since 1997 and that with enterovirus D68 since 2013. Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) has been proposed to avoid confusion with AFP. This review outlines AFP and AFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Hosoya
- Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
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33
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Sherry L, Grehan K, Swanson JJ, Bahar MW, Porta C, Fry EE, Stuart DI, Rowlands DJ, Stonehouse NJ. Production and Characterisation of Stabilised PV-3 Virus-like Particles Using Pichia pastoris. Viruses 2022; 14:2159. [PMID: 36298714 PMCID: PMC9611624 DOI: 10.3390/v14102159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the success of global vaccination programmes using the live-attenuated oral and inactivated poliovirus vaccines (OPV and IPV), wild poliovirus (PV) is now only endemic in Afghanistan and Pakistan. However, the continued use of these vaccines poses potential risks to the eradication of PV. The production of recombinant PV virus-like particles (VLPs), which lack the viral genome offer great potential as next-generation vaccines for the post-polio world. We have previously reported production of PV VLPs using Pichia pastoris, however, these VLPs were in the non-native conformation (C Ag), which would not produce effective protection against PV. Here, we build on this work and show that it is possible to produce wt PV-3 and thermally stabilised PV-3 (referred to as PV-3 SC8) VLPs in the native conformation (D Ag) using Pichia pastoris. We show that the PV-3 SC8 VLPs provide a much-improved D:C antigen ratio as compared to wt PV-3, whilst exhibiting greater thermostability than the current IPV vaccine. Finally, we determine the cryo-EM structure of the yeast-derived PV-3 SC8 VLPs and compare this to previously published PV-3 D Ag structures, highlighting the similarities between these recombinantly expressed VLPs and the infectious virus, further emphasising their potential as a next-generation vaccine candidate for PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Sherry
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Keith Grehan
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jessica J. Swanson
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mohammad W. Bahar
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Claudine Porta
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Elizabeth E. Fry
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - David I. Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - David J. Rowlands
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Nicola J. Stonehouse
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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34
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Hill M, Bandyopadhyay AS, Pollard AJ. Emergence of vaccine-derived poliovirus in high-income settings in the absence of oral polio vaccine use. Lancet 2022; 400:713-715. [PMID: 35988575 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Hill
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.
| | | | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
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Ntoumi F, Kremsner PG. Vaccination with fractional doses: promise or illusion? Lancet Infect Dis 2022; 22:1258-1259. [PMID: 35753319 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00310-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francine Ntoumi
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Congolese Foundation for Medical Research, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.
| | - Peter G Kremsner
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
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Venkatesan P. Linked global cases of poliovirus a cause of concern. Lancet Infect Dis 2022; 22:1282. [PMID: 36029783 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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Senecky Y, Diamond G, Posener E. [HOW HAVE WE DEVELOPED? THE HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND REHABILITATION SERVICES FOR CHILDREN IN ISRAEL]. Harefuah 2022; 161:577-580. [PMID: 36168162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Public health and welfare organizations, as well as governmental agencies in Israel, charged with the provision of services for children with special needs and their families, have reached a timely watershed. This large network finds its roots at the dawn of the last century in the history of the notable efforts made by idealistic individuals who immigrated to the country and in the many Jewish philanthropic community organizations, charged with helping others less fortunate. Beginning with services for the handicapped, who were either victims of polio or suffering from cerebral palsy, the gamut of providers blossomed to encompass many others in need, which today number in the hundreds of thousands each year, suffering from a wide range of impairments, and with a multitude of needs. We found it incumbent upon us to undertake a prodigious review of those pioneering individuals and organizations, contributing to the current wealth of services available to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehuda Senecky
- Institute for Child Development, Schneider Children's Medical Center in Israel
| | - Gary Diamond
- Center for Child Development, Clalit Health Services, Dan-Petah Tikva Region
- Alyn Hospital for Children's Rehabilitation
| | - Edith Posener
- Center for Child Development, Clalit Health Services, Netanya
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Ahmed N, Macías-Díaz JE, Shahid N, Raza A, Rafiq M. A dynamically consistent computational method to solve numerically a mathematical model of polio propagation with spatial diffusion. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2022; 218:106709. [PMID: 35235894 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In this work, a mathematical model based on differential equations is proposed to describe the propagation of polio in a human population. The motivating system is a compartmental nonlinear model which is based on the use of ordinary differential equations and four compartments, namely, susceptible, exposed, infected and vaccinated individuals. METHODS In this manuscript, the mathematical model is extended in order to account for spatial diffusion in one dimension. Nonnegative initial conditions are used, and we impose homogeneous Neumann conditions at the boundary. We determine analytically the disease-free and the endemic equilibria of the system along with the basic reproductive number. RESULTS We establish thoroughly the nonnegativity and the boundedness of the solutions of this problem, and the stability analysis of the equilibrium solutions is carried out rigorously. In order to confirm the validity of these results, we propose an implicit and linear finite-difference method to approximate the solutions of the continuous model. CONCLUSIONS The numerical model is stable in the sense of von Neumann, it yields consistent approximations to the exact solutions of the differential problem, and that it is capable of preserving unconditionally the positivity of the approximations. For illustration purposes, we provide some computer simulations that confirm some theoretical results derived in the present manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nauman Ahmed
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Jorge E Macías-Díaz
- Department of Mathematics, School of Digital Technologies, Tallinn University, Estonia; Departamento de Matemáticas y Física, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico.
| | - Naveed Shahid
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Mathematics, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- Department of Mathematics, Govt. Maulana Zafar Ali Khan Graduate College, Punjab Higher Education Department, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafiq
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Bassoum O, Faye A, Sokhna C, Ba MF, Anne M, Bocoum M, Tal-Dia A. [Factors associated with co-administration of birth dose vaccines in senegalese children]. Sante Publique 2022; Vol. 33:741-751. [PMID: 35485131 DOI: 10.3917/spub.215.0741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Co-administration of the bilié de Calmette et Guérin (BCG) and birth doses of oral polio (OPV zero) and hepatitis B (HepB BD) vaccines is strongly recommended. The objective was to determine the factors associated with this co-administration in the health district of Podor (Senegal). METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among 726 children aged 12 to 23 months. This was a two-stage cluster sampling. The data was collected in June 2020. An electronic questionnaire was developed using the Open Data Kit Collect application. Co-administration was modeled as one dose, two doses and three doses. Ordinal logistic regression was used to search for factors likely to influence co-administration. RESULTS Of the 726 children, 115 (16%), 234 (32%) and 377 (52%) received a single dose, two and three doses, respectively. Factors associated with co-administration were recognition by mothers or caregivers that several vaccines can be administered simultaneously (adjusted OR = 1.46, p-value = 0.017), availability of a health record kept at home (adjusted OR = 6.88, p-value = 0.006), hospitalization of the newborn after birth (adjusted OR = 1.74, p-value = 0.002) and receipt of advice during postnatal care (adjusted OR = 1.72, p-value = 0.01). CONCLUSION Co-administration of birth doses is an infrequent practice in Podor. Awareness and availability and proper maintenance of health information management tools would be necessary.
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Kozakaitė J, Jakulis M, Brindzaitė R, Miliauskienė Ž, Piombino-Mascali D, Jankauskas R. A possible case of paralysis in early modern Vilnius and the implications for social care. Int J Paleopathol 2022; 36:14-23. [PMID: 34839076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present a case of possible paralysis from early modern Vilnius and to discuss the potential level of care that was provided in the society of that time. MATERIALS A partially disturbed skeleton of a young female from a 16th-17th century Orthodox Christian cemetery. METHODS Macroscopic, osteometric and X-ray examinations coupled with a literature review aimed at providing a differential diagnosis. RESULTS The skeletal remains showed signs of disuse atrophy most probably due to a neurological disorder acquired in the woman's late teens. Differentials suggest that the observed limb atrophy was most likely a consequence of poliomyelitis. CONCLUSIONS The case of a young female with paralysis presented in this paper could serve as an example of care provided by her household. SIGNIFICANCE This study substantially contributes to further understanding of the nature and quality of care provided to disabled individuals in their households even in the absence of written sources. LIMITATIONS There is a degree of diagnostic ambiguity due to the application of routine clinical criteria to paleopathological cases. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH The article makes several recommendations for future research, e.g., systematic investigation of possible cases of bone atrophy in a broader sociocultural context, as well as searching for evidence of gastrointestinal infections, especially poliomyelitis, supplemented by the application of biomolecular technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Kozakaitė
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Anthropology, Vilnius University, M.K. Čiurlionio 21, Vilnius, 03101, Lithuania.
| | - Martynas Jakulis
- Department of Ancient and Medieval History, Vilnius University, Universiteto 7, Vilnius, 01122, Lithuania.
| | - Rūta Brindzaitė
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Anthropology, Vilnius University, M.K. Čiurlionio 21, Vilnius, 03101, Lithuania.
| | - Žydrūnė Miliauskienė
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Anthropology, Vilnius University, M.K. Čiurlionio 21, Vilnius, 03101, Lithuania.
| | - Dario Piombino-Mascali
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Anthropology, Vilnius University, M.K. Čiurlionio 21, Vilnius, 03101, Lithuania.
| | - Rimantas Jankauskas
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Anthropology, Vilnius University, M.K. Čiurlionio 21, Vilnius, 03101, Lithuania.
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41
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Rosenfeld AB, Shen EQL, Melendez M, Mishra N, Lipkin WI, Racaniello VR. Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses against Nonpoliovirus Enteroviruses. mBio 2022; 13:e0366021. [PMID: 35038922 PMCID: PMC8764532 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03660-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses are among the most common human viral pathogens. Infection with members of a subgroup of viruses within this genus, the nonpoliovirus enteroviruses (NPEVs), can result in a broad spectrum of serious illnesses, including acute flaccid myelitis (AFM), a polio-like childhood paralysis; neonatal sepsis; aseptic meningitis; myocarditis; and hand-foot-mouth disease. Despite the diverse primary sites of virus infection, including the respiratory and alimentary tracts, and an array of diseases associated with these infections, there is significant genetic and antigenic similarity among NPEVs. This conservation results in the induction of cross-reactive antibodies that are either able to bind and neutralize or bind but not neutralize multiple NPEVs. Using plaque reduction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based binding assays, we define the antigenic relationship among poliovirus and NPEVs, including multiple isolates of EV-D68, EV-A71, EV-D70, EV-94, EV-111, Coxsackievirus A24v, and rhinovirus. The results reveal extensive cross-reactivity among EVs that cannot be predicted from phylogenetic analysis. Determining the immunologic relationship among EVs is critical to understanding the humoral response elicited during homologous and heterologous virus infections. IMPORTANCE Enteroviruses (EVs) are common human pathogens. Although infection with EVs leads to cross-reactive antibodies, the clinical relevance of these antibodies is unclear given the estimated incidence of EV infections in the general population of one per year. The hypothesis that anti-EV cross-reactive antibodies can bind and neutralize heterologous EVs was investigated using polyclonal sera collected from animals immunized with individual EVs. Both binding and neutralization activities against heterologous EVs was observed in these sera, and we speculate that cross-reactive antibodies may modulate infection and disease severity. Defining the antigenic relationship among EVs may provide insights into the epidemiology and pathogenesis of enterovirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy B. Rosenfeld
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Edmund Qian Long Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michaela Melendez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nischay Mishra
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - W. Ian Lipkin
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vincent R. Racaniello
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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42
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Gerloff N, Mandelbaum M, Pang H, Collins N, Brown B, Sun H, Harrington C, Hecker J, Agha C, Burns CC, Vega E. Direct detection of polioviruses using a recombinant poliovirus receptor. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259099. [PMID: 34727100 PMCID: PMC8562806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polioviruses are positive-sense, single-stranded RNA picornaviruses and the principal cause of poliomyelitis. Global poliovirus surveillance has relied on poliovirus isolation in cells, which may take a minimum of 10 days, involves maintaining two cell lines, and propagates virus in high titers. With eradication underway, a major objective of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) is to develop culture-independent detection of polioviruses as an alternative method to complement the current virus isolation technique. A culture-independent method on poliovirus-positive stool suspensions was assessed with commercially available recombinant soluble poliovirus receptor (PVR) coupled to Histidine (His) tags. Viral RNA was screened by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR using the poliovirus intratypic differentiation kit. Poliovirus recovery was optimized with PVR-His-tagged protein and buffers supplemented with polyethylene glycol. To validate the poliovirus-PVR-His tag purification assay, 182 poliovirus-positive stools of programmatic importance were parallel tested against the GPLN-accepted virus isolation method. The PVR-His tag enrichment method detected poliovirus in 164 of 171 poliovirus-positive stools, whereas the virus isolation method misidentified 38 stools as poliovirus-negative (McNemar χ2 p<0.0001). Using this method in combination with RNA extraction, viral RNA recovery increased and showed similar (WPV1) or higher (Sabin 1) sensitivity than the World Health Organization accredited variation of the virus isolation method. The PVR-His enrichment method could be a viable addition to poliovirus surveillance; similar methods have the potential to capture other human pathogens such as EV71 using an appropriate soluble His tag receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Gerloff
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mark Mandelbaum
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hong Pang
- Cherokee Nation Assurance, Contracting Agency to the Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nikail Collins
- IHRC, Contracting agency to the Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Brittani Brown
- IHRC, Contracting agency to the Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hong Sun
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Chelsea Harrington
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jessica Hecker
- Cherokee Nation Assurance, Contracting Agency to the Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Chadi Agha
- IHRC, Contracting agency to the Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cara C. Burns
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Everardo Vega
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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43
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Kang G, Tang F, Wang Z, Hu R, Yu J, Gao J. Surveillance of adverse events following the introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccine made from Sabin strains (sIPV) to the Chinese EPI and a comparison with adverse events following inactivated poliovirus vaccine made from wild strains (wIPV) in Jiangsu, China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:2568-2574. [PMID: 33780310 PMCID: PMC8475579 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1898306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) was introduced into the Chinese Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in 2016. IPV made from Sabin strains (sIPV) was newly licensed in China and its safety has been concerned. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of sIPV and provide a comparison with conventional IPV made from wild strains (wIPV). We collected all IPV-related AEFI reports in Jiangsu from the Chinese National Adverse Events Following Immunization Information System (CNAEFIS) for 2016-2019. We obtained the administered doses of IPV from the Jiangsu provincial Electronic Immunization Registries System (JSEIRS). The AEFI reporting rates per 100,000 doses of vaccine administered were compared for sIPV and wIPV. A total of 699 sIPV and 908 wIPV AEFI cases were collected by CNAEFIS in Jiangsu during 2016-2019. The overall AEFI reporting rates were 53.02 per 100,000 doses and 41.25 per 100,000 doses for sIPV and wIPV, respectively (P < .001). For both sIPV and wIPV, the AEFIs were mainly classified as common adverse reactions. The reporting rate of common adverse reactions was higher for sIPV than for wIPV (P < .001). The most frequently reported symptoms/signs were fever, persistent crying, injection site erythema/swelling, rash, and injection site induration. Only 1.14% of sIPV-associated and 2.31% of wIPV-associated AEFI cases were diagnosed as serious. No difference in reporting rate was observed for serious AEFIs (P = .272). sIPV has a favorable safety profile, although it exhibits a slightly higher reporting rate of common adverse reactions than wIPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Kang
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Fenyang Tang
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Hu
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
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44
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de Lira CAB, Santos DAT, Viana RB, Guimarães JM, Oliveira JNS, Sousa BS, de Santana MG, Vancini RL, Andrade MS, Nikolaidis P, Rosemann T, Knechtle B. Knowledge of healthcare professionals about poliomyelitis and postpoliomyelitis: a cross-sectional study. SAO PAULO MED J 2021; 139:464-475. [PMID: 34378735 PMCID: PMC9632530 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2020.0617.16032021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpoliomyelitis syndrome is a clinical condition that can affect poliomyelitis survivors. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to evaluate knowledge of poliomyelitis and postpoliomyelitis syndrome among Brazilian healthcare professionals. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional study conducted at a Brazilian public higher education institution located in the state of Goiás. METHODS The participants (n = 578) were Brazilian physicians, physical therapists, nurses, nutritionists and psychologists. A self-administered questionnaire (30 questions) was designed to probe knowledge about poliomyelitis and postpoliomyelitis syndrome. From the questionnaire, we created a structured test to objectively evaluate the knowledge of these professionals. The test was composed of 20 questions and was scored over a range from 0 (totally ill-informed) to 20 (totally well-informed). RESULTS In general, the physicians, physical therapists and nurses demonstrated better understanding of poliomyelitis and postpoliomyelitis syndrome. The healthcare professionals who had received previous information about poliomyelitis and postpoliomyelitis syndrome had significantly higher scores than those who had never received information (P < 0.001). On average, this difference was approximately 28.6%. CONCLUSIONS The findings from the present study indicate that there is a critical need for improvement of knowledge about postpoliomyelitis syndrome among Brazilian healthcare professionals. The services provided by these professionals may therefore become compromised. Furthermore, public healthcare initiatives should be implemented to improve knowledge among healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira
- BSc, PhD. Associate Professor, Faculdade de Educação Física e Dança (FEFD), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia (GO), Brazil.
| | - Douglas Assis Teles Santos
- BSc, MSc. Assistent Professor, Colegiado de Educação Física, Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB), Teixeira de Freitas (BA), Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Borges Viana
- BSc, PhD. Professor, Escola Superior de Educação Física e Fisioterapia do Estado de Goiás (ESEFFEGO), Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG), Goiânia (GO), Brazil.
| | - Juliana Moreira Guimarães
- BSc. Nurse, Unidade Acadêmica Especial de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Jataí (UFJ), Jataí (GO), Brazil.
| | - Jéssica Nathalia Soares Oliveira
- BSc. Biomedic, Unidade Acadêmica Especial de Ciências da Saúde (UA-CISAU), Universidade Federal de Jataí (UFJ), Jataí (GO), Brazil.
| | - Bolivar Saldanha Sousa
- MD, PhD. Physician, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo-Brazil, São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | - Marcos Gonçalves de Santana
- BSc, PhD. Associate Professor, Unidade Acadêmica Especial de Ciências da Saúde (UA-CISAU), Universidade Federal de Jataí (UFJ), Jataí (GO), Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Luiz Vancini
- BSc, PhD. Adjunct Professor, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória (ES), Brazil.
| | - Marília Santos Andrade
- PhD. Physical Therapist and Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | - Pantelis Nikolaidis
- BSc, PhD. Professor, School of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece.
| | - Thomas Rosemann
- MD, PhD. Physician and Professor, Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Beat Knechtle
- MD, PhD. Physician and Scientific Assistant, Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and Researcher, Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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45
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Wilson N, Mansoor OD, Boyd MJ, Kvalsvig A, Baker MG. We should not dismiss the possibility of eradicating COVID-19: comparisons with smallpox and polio. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:e006810. [PMID: 34373261 PMCID: PMC8375448 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nick Wilson
- Public Health, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Amanda Kvalsvig
- Public Health, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Michael G Baker
- Public Health, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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46
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Álamo-Junquera D, Politi J, Simón P, Dieli-Crimi R, Borrell RP, Colobran R, Martínez-Gallo M, Campins M, Antón A, Esperalba J, Andrés C, Codina MG, Polverino E, Narciso MR, Molinero E, Rius C. Coordinated Response to Imported Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Infection, Barcelona, Spain, 2019-2020. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:1513-1516. [PMID: 33900188 PMCID: PMC8084499 DOI: 10.3201/eid2705.204675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, the Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Spain, was notified of a vaccine-derived poliovirus infection. The patient had an underlying common variable immunodeficiency and no signs of acute flaccid paralysis. We describe the ongoing coordinated response to contain the infection, which included compassionate-use treatment with pocapavir.
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47
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Leroux-Roels I, Leroux-Roels G, Shukarev G, Schuitemaker H, Cahill C, de Rooij R, Struijs M, van Zeeburg H, Jacquet JM. Safety and immunogenicity of a new Sabin inactivated poliovirus vaccine candidate produced on the PER.C6® cell-line: a phase 1 randomized controlled trial in adults. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:1366-1373. [PMID: 33175637 PMCID: PMC8078678 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1812315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This first-in-human study (NCT03032588), conducted in Belgium, evaluated a new inactivated poliovirus vaccines (IPV) candidate based on Sabin poliovirus strains grown on the high-yield PER.C6® cell line. Healthy adults (N = 32) were randomized (1:1) to receive a single dose of PER.C6-based Sabin-IPV (sIPV, 15:35:112.5 DU/dose) or conventional Salk-IPV (cIPV, 40:8:32 DU/dose). Reactogenicity was assessed up to 7 days after vaccination, immunogenicity 28 days after vaccination, and safety up to 6 months after vaccination.Solicited adverse events (AEs) were mild to moderate, no changes of concern in vital signs or safety laboratory values were observed, and no severe AEs (SAEs) or vaccine-related unsolicited AEs were reported after vaccination. A trend to more frequent solicited AEs after sIPV than after cIPV administration was observed. Most participants had preexisting neutralizing antibodies against poliovirus types (titer ≥8), which were strongly boosted by sIPV. Post-vaccination geometric mean titers were high (≥12,000) and similar across the two vaccination groups. Only participants with very high preexisting antibody levels did not show a vaccine-induced response, defined in seropositive participants as a 4-fold titer increase. The 10 initially seronegative (titer <8) participants (n = 5 in each study group) seroconverted and all participants had seroprotective antibody levels post-vaccination. The antibodies elicited by sIPV neutralized both Sabin and Salk poliovirus strains.In conclusion, the PER.C6®-based sIPV was well tolerated and highly immunogenic in adults with preexisting antibodies to poliovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Leroux-Roels
- Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Leroux-Roels
- Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Martin Struijs
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen Newby
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | | | - Richard G A Feachem
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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49
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Zaman K, Anand A. Sequential inactivated and oral poliovirus vaccine schedules: a balancing act. Lancet Infect Dis 2020; 20:999-1000. [PMID: 32442524 PMCID: PMC10424811 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khalequ Zaman
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Abhijeet Anand
- Polio Eradication Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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50
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Abstract
Completing global polio eradication will require a new oral vaccine
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Donlan
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, VA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, VA, USA
| | - William A Petri
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, VA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, VA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, VA, USA
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