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Baumann V, Achleitner S, Tulli S, Schuschnig M, Klune L, Martens S. Faa1 membrane binding drives positive feedback in autophagosome biogenesis via fatty acid activation. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202309057. [PMID: 38573225 PMCID: PMC10993510 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202309057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy serves as a stress response pathway by mediating the degradation of cellular material within lysosomes. In autophagy, this material is encapsulated in double-membrane vesicles termed autophagosomes, which form from precursors referred to as phagophores. Phagophores grow by lipid influx from the endoplasmic reticulum into Atg9-positive compartments and local lipid synthesis provides lipids for their expansion. How phagophore nucleation and expansion are coordinated with lipid synthesis is unclear. Here, we show that Faa1, an enzyme activating fatty acids, is recruited to Atg9 vesicles by directly binding to negatively charged membranes with a preference for phosphoinositides such as PI3P and PI4P. We define the membrane-binding surface of Faa1 and show that its direct interaction with the membrane is required for its recruitment to phagophores. Furthermore, the physiological localization of Faa1 is key for its efficient catalysis and promotes phagophore expansion. Our results suggest a positive feedback loop coupling phagophore nucleation and expansion to lipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Baumann
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Max Perutz Labs, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Achleitner
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Max Perutz Labs, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, A Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanna Tulli
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Max Perutz Labs, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Schuschnig
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Max Perutz Labs, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lara Klune
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Max Perutz Labs, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sascha Martens
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Max Perutz Labs, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Gahlot P, Kravic B, Rota G, van den Boom J, Levantovsky S, Schulze N, Maspero E, Polo S, Behrends C, Meyer H. Lysosomal damage sensing and lysophagy initiation by SPG20-ITCH. Mol Cell 2024; 84:1556-1569.e10. [PMID: 38503285 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Cells respond to lysosomal membrane permeabilization by membrane repair or selective macroautophagy of damaged lysosomes, termed lysophagy, but it is not fully understood how this decision is made. Here, we uncover a pathway in human cells that detects lipid bilayer perturbations in the limiting membrane of compromised lysosomes, which fail to be repaired, and then initiates ubiquitin-triggered lysophagy. We find that SPG20 binds the repair factor IST1 on damaged lysosomes and, importantly, integrates that with the detection of damage-associated lipid-packing defects of the lysosomal membrane. Detection occurs via sensory amphipathic helices in SPG20 before rupture of the membrane. If lipid-packing defects are extensive, such as during lipid peroxidation, SPG20 recruits and activates ITCH, which marks the damaged lysosome with lysine-63-linked ubiquitin chains to initiate lysophagy and thus triages the lysosome for destruction. With SPG20 being linked to neurodegeneration, these findings highlight the relevance of a coordinated lysosomal damage response for cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinki Gahlot
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bojana Kravic
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Giulia Rota
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes van den Boom
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sophie Levantovsky
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Schulze
- Imaging Center Campus Essen, Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elena Maspero
- IFOM ETS, The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Polo
- IFOM ETS, The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Behrends
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hemmo Meyer
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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3
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Jiang Y, Ning Y, Cheng S, Huang Y, Deng M, Chen C. Single-cell aggrephagy-related patterns facilitate tumor microenvironment intercellular communication, influencing osteosarcoma progression and prognosis. Apoptosis 2024; 29:521-535. [PMID: 38066392 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, a common malignant tumor in children, has emerged as a major threat to the life and health of pediatric patients. Presently, there are certain limitations in the diagnosis and treatment methods for this disease, resulting in inferior therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, it is of great importance to study its pathogenesis and explore innovative approaches to diagnosis and treatment. In this study, a non-negative matrix decomposition method was employed to conduct a comprehensive investigation and analysis of aggregated autophagy-related genes within 331,394 single-cell samples of osteosarcoma. Through this study, we have elucidated the intricate communication patterns among various cells within the tumor microenvironment. Based on the classification of aggregated autophagy-related genes, we are not only able to more accurately predict patients' prognosis but also offer robust guidance for treatment strategies. The findings of this study hold promise for breakthroughs in the diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcoma, intervention of aggrephagy is expected to improve the survival rate and quality of life of osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsheng Jiang
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yun Ning
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shidi Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Army Medical Center of PLA, Chongqing, 400012, China
| | - Yinde Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Muhai Deng
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Klickstein JA, Johnson MA, Antonoudiou P, Maguire J, Paulo JA, Gygi SP, Weihl C, Raman M. ALS-related p97 R155H mutation disrupts lysophagy in iPSC-derived motor neurons. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:366-382. [PMID: 38335961 PMCID: PMC10937112 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the AAA+ ATPase p97 cause multisystem proteinopathy 1, which includes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; however, the pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to motor neuron loss remain obscure. Here, we use two induced pluripotent stem cell models differentiated into spinal motor neurons to investigate how p97 mutations perturb the motor neuron proteome. Using quantitative proteomics, we find that motor neurons harboring the p97 R155H mutation have deficits in the selective autophagy of lysosomes (lysophagy). p97 R155H motor neurons are unable to clear damaged lysosomes and have reduced viability. Lysosomes in mutant motor neurons have increased pH compared with wild-type cells. The clearance of damaged lysosomes involves UBXD1-p97 interaction, which is disrupted in mutant motor neurons. Finally, inhibition of the ATPase activity of p97 using the inhibitor CB-5083 rescues lysophagy defects in mutant motor neurons. These results add to the evidence that endo-lysosomal dysfunction is a key aspect of disease pathogenesis in p97-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Klickstein
- Department of Developmental Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Michelle A Johnson
- Department of Developmental Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | | | - Jamie Maguire
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Steve P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Chris Weihl
- Department of Neurology, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Malavika Raman
- Department of Developmental Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.
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Abstract
Autophagy is a self-digestive process that is conserved in eukaryotic cells and responsible for maintaining cellular homeostasis through proteolysis. By this process, cells break down their own components in lysosomes. Autophagy can be classified into three categories: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Macroautophagy involves membrane elongation and microautophagy involves membrane internalization, and both pathways undergo selective or non-selective processes that transport cytoplasmic components into lysosomes to be degraded. CMA, however, involves selective incorporation of cytosolic materials into lysosomes without membrane deformation. All three categories of autophagy have attracted much attention due to their involvement in various biological phenomena and their relevance to human diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Clarification of the molecular mechanisms behind these processes is key to understanding autophagy and recent studies have made major progress in this regard, especially for the mechanisms of initiation and membrane elongation in macroautophagy and substrate recognition in microautophagy and CMA. Furthermore, it is becoming evident that the three categories of autophagy are related to each other despite their implementation by different sets of proteins and the involvement of completely different membrane dynamics. In this review, recent progress in macroautophagy, microautophagy, and CMA are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayashi Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School
| | - Takahide Matsui
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School
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Lin X, Huang S, Gao S, Liu J, Tang J, Yu M. Integrin β5 subunit regulates hyperglycemia-induced vascular endothelial cell apoptosis through FoxO1-mediated macroautophagy. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:565-576. [PMID: 37500497 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia frequently induces apoptosis in endothelial cells and ultimately contributes to microvascular dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Previous research reported that the expression of integrins as well as their ligands was elevated in the diseased vessels of DM patients. However, the association between integrins and hyperglycemia-induced cell death is still unclear. This research was designed to investigate the role played by integrin subunit β5 (ITGB5) in hyperglycemia-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. METHODS We used leptin receptor knockout (Lepr-KO) ( db / db ) mice as spontaneous diabetes animal model. Selective deletion of ITGB5 in endothelial cell was achieved by injecting vascular targeted adeno-associated virus via tail vein. Besides, we also applied small interfering RNA in vitro to study the mechanism of ITGB5 in regulating high glucose-induced cell apoptosis. RESULTS ITGB5 and its ligand, fibronectin, were both upregulated after exposure to high glucose in vivo and in vitro . ITGB5 knockdown alleviated hyperglycemia-induced vascular endothelial cell apoptosis and microvascular rarefaction in vivo.In vitro analysis revealed that knockdown of either ITGB5 or fibronectin ameliorated high glucose-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). In addition, knockdown of ITGB5 inhibited fibronectin-induced HUVEC apoptosis, which indicated that the fibronectin-ITGB5 interaction participated in high glucose-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. By using RNA-sequencing technology and bioinformatic analysis, we identified Forkhead Box Protein O1 (FoxO1) as an important downstream target regulated by ITGB5. Moreover, we demonstrated that the excessive macroautophagy induced by high glucose can contribute to HUVEC apoptosis, which was regulated by the ITGB5-FoxO1 axis. CONCLUSION The study revealed that high glucose-induced endothelial cell apoptosis was positively regulated by ITGB5, which suggested that ITGB5 could potentially be used to predict and treat DM-related vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuze Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Sizhuang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Side Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jinxing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jiong Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China
| | - Mengyue Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
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Gross AS, Ghillebert R, Schuetter M, Reinartz E, Rowland A, Bishop BC, Stumpe M, Dengjel J, Graef M. A metabolite sensor subunit of the Atg1/ULK complex regulates selective autophagy. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:366-377. [PMID: 38316984 PMCID: PMC10940145 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cells convert complex metabolic information into stress-adapted autophagy responses. Canonically, multilayered protein kinase networks converge on the conserved Atg1/ULK kinase complex (AKC) to induce non-selective and selective forms of autophagy in response to metabolic changes. Here we show that, upon phosphate starvation, the metabolite sensor Pho81 interacts with the adaptor subunit Atg11 at the AKC via an Atg11/FIP200 interaction motif to modulate pexophagy by virtue of its conserved phospho-metabolite sensing SPX domain. Notably, core AKC components Atg13 and Atg17 are dispensable for phosphate starvation-induced autophagy revealing significant compositional and functional plasticity of the AKC. Our data indicate that, instead of functioning as a selective autophagy receptor, Pho81 compensates for partially inactive Atg13 by promoting Atg11 phosphorylation by Atg1 critical for pexophagy during phosphate starvation. Our work shows Atg11/FIP200 adaptor subunits bind not only selective autophagy receptors but also modulator subunits that convey metabolic information directly to the AKC for autophagy regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Gross
- Max Planck Research Group of Autophagy and Cellular Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Ghillebert
- Max Planck Research Group of Autophagy and Cellular Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Schuetter
- Max Planck Research Metabolomics Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - E Reinartz
- Max Planck Research Group of Autophagy and Cellular Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - A Rowland
- Max Planck Research Group of Autophagy and Cellular Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - B C Bishop
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M Stumpe
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - J Dengjel
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - M Graef
- Max Planck Research Group of Autophagy and Cellular Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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8
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Song J, Guo Y, Wang D, Quan R, Wang J, Liu J. Seneca Valley virus 3C protease cleaves OPTN (optineurin) to Impair selective autophagy and type I interferon signaling. Autophagy 2024; 20:614-628. [PMID: 37930946 PMCID: PMC10936645 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2277108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV) causes vesicular disease in pigs, posing a threat to global pork production. OPTN (optineurin) is a macroautophagy/autophagy receptor that restricts microbial propagation by targeting specific viral or bacterial proteins for degradation. OPTN is degraded and cleaved at glutamine 513 following SVV infection via the activity of viral 3C protease (3C[pro]), resulting in N-terminal and a C-terminal OPTN fragments. Moreover, OPTN interacts with VP1 and targets VP1 for degradation to inhibit viral replication. The N-terminal cleaved OPTN sustained its interaction with VP1, whereas the degradation capacity targeting VP1 decreased. The inhibitory effect of N-terminal OPTN against SVV infection was significantly reduced, C-terminal OPTN failed to inhibit viral replication, and degradation of VP1 was blocked. The knockdown of OPTN resulted in reduced TBK1 activation and phosphorylation of IRF3, whereas overexpression of OPTN led to increased TBK1-IRF3 signaling. Additionally, the N-terminal OPTN diminished the activation of the type I IFN (interferon) pathway. These results show that SVV 3C[pro] targets OPTN because its cleavage impairs its function in selective autophagy and type I IFN production, revealing a novel model in which the virus develops diverse strategies for evading host autophagic machinery and type I IFN response for survival.Abbreviations: Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; GFP-green fluorescent protein; hpi: hours post-infection; HRP: horseradish peroxidase; IFN: interferon; IFNB/IFN-β: interferon beta; IRF3: interferon regulatory factor 3; LIR: LC3-interacting region; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MOI: multiplicity of infection; OPTN: optineurin; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; SVV: Seneca Valley virus; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TAX1BP1: Tax1 binding protein 1; TBK1: TANK binding kinase 1; TCID50: 50% tissue culture infectious doses; UBAN: ubiquitin binding in TNIP/ABIN (TNFAIP3/A20 and inhibitor of NFKB/NF-kB) and IKBKG/NEMO; UBD: ubiquitin-binding domain; ZnF: zinc finger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yitong Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Quan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Cai M, Wu P, Ni W, Huang D, Wang X. mTORC1 hyperactivation and resultant suppression of macroautophagy contribute to the induction of cardiomyocyte necroptosis by catecholamine surges. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15966. [PMID: 38444056 PMCID: PMC10915131 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies revealed a controversial role of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC1-regulated macroautophagy in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac injury. Here we investigated the role of mTORC1 and potential underlying mechanisms in ISO-induced cardiomyocyte necrosis. Two consecutive daily injections of ISO (85 mg/kg, s.c.) or vehicle control (CTL) were administered to C57BL/6J mice with or without rapamycin (RAP, 5 mg/kg, i.p.) pretreatment. Western blot analyses showed that myocardial mTORC1 signaling and the RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL necroptotic pathway were activated, mRNA expression analyses revealed downregulation of representative TFEB target genes, and Evan's blue dye uptake assays detected increased cardiomyocyte necrosis in ISO-treated mice. However, RAP pretreatment prevented or significantly attenuated the ISO-induced cardiomyocyte necrosis, myocardial inflammation, downregulation of TFEB target genes, and activation of the RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL pathway. LC3-II flux assays confirmed the impairment of myocardial autophagic flux in the ISO-treated mice. In cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, mTORC1 signaling was also activated by ISO, and inhibition of mTORC1 by RAP attenuated ISO-induced cytotoxicity. These findings suggest that mTORC1 hyperactivation and resultant suppression of macroautophagy play a major role in the induction of cardiomyocyte necroptosis by catecholamine surges, identifying mTORC1 inhibition as a potential strategy to treat heart diseases with catecholamine surges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Cai
- Heart CenterShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of Medicine of the University of South DakotaVermillionSouth DakotaUSA
| | - Penglong Wu
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of Medicine of the University of South DakotaVermillionSouth DakotaUSA
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Wei Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Dong Huang
- Heart CenterShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of Medicine of the University of South DakotaVermillionSouth DakotaUSA
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Yeo SK, Haas M, Manupati K, Hao M, Yang F, Chen S, Guan JL. AZI2 mediates TBK1 activation at unresolved selective autophagy cargo receptor complexes with implications for CD8 T-cell infiltration in breast cancer. Autophagy 2024; 20:525-540. [PMID: 37733921 PMCID: PMC10936636 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2259775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Most breast cancers do not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors and there is an urgent need to identify novel sensitization strategies. Herein, we uncovered that activation of the TBK-IFN pathway that is mediated by the TBK1 adapter protein AZI2 is a potent strategy for this purpose. Our initial observations showed that RB1CC1 depletion leads to accumulation of AZI2, in puncta along with selective macroautophagy/autophagy cargo receptors, which are both required for TBK1 activation. Specifically, disrupting the selective autophagy function of RB1CC1 was sufficient to sustain AZI2 puncta accumulation and TBK1 activation. AZI2 then mediates downstream activation of DDX3X, increasing its interaction with IRF3 for transcription of pro-inflammatory chemokines. Consequently, we performed a screen to identify inhibitors that can induce the AZI2-TBK1 pathway, and this revealed Lys05 as a pharmacological agent that induced pro-inflammatory chemokine expression and CD8+ T cell infiltration into tumors. Overall, we have identified a distinct AZI2-TBK1-IFN signaling pathway that is responsive to selective autophagy blockade and can be activated to make breast cancers more immunogenic.Abbreviations: AZI2/NAP1: 5-azacytidine induced 2; CALCOCO2: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; DDX3X: DEAD-box helicase 3 X-linked; FCCP: carbonyl cyanide p-triflouromethoxyphenylhydrazone; a protonophore that depolarizes the mitochondrial inner membrane; ICI: immune checkpoint inhibitor; IFN: interferon; NBR1: NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; OPTN: optineurin; RB1CC1/FIP200: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TAX1BP1: Tax1 binding protein 1; TBK1: TANK binding kinase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syn Kok Yeo
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Haas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kanakaraju Manupati
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mingang Hao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Fuchun Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jun-Lin Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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11
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Scharte F, Franzkoch R, Hensel M. Flagella-mediated cytosolic motility of Salmonella enterica Paratyphi A aids in evasion of xenophagy but does not impact egress from host cells. Mol Microbiol 2024; 121:413-430. [PMID: 37278220 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a common foodborne, facultative intracellular enteropathogen. Typhoidal serovars like Paratyphi A (SPA) are human restricted and cause severe systemic diseases, while many serovars like Typhimurium (STM) have a broad host range, and usually lead to self-limiting gastroenteritis. There are key differences between typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella in pathogenesis, but underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Transcriptomes and phenotypes in epithelial cells revealed induction of motility, flagella and chemotaxis genes for SPA but not STM. SPA exhibited cytosolic motility mediated by flagella. In this study, we applied single-cell microscopy to analyze triggers and cellular consequences of cytosolic motility. Live-cell imaging (LCI) revealed that SPA invades host cells in a highly cooperative manner. Extensive membrane ruffling at invasion sites led to increased membrane damage in nascent Salmonella-containing vacuole, and subsequent cytosolic release. After release into the cytosol, motile bacteria showed the same velocity as under culture conditions in media. Reduced capture of SPA by autophagosomal membranes was observed by LCI and electron microscopy. Prior work showed that SPA does not use flagella-mediated motility for cell exit via the intercellular spread. However, cytosolic motile SPA was invasion-primed if released from host cells. Our results reveal flagella-mediated cytosolic motility as a possible xenophagy evasion mechanism that could drive disease progression and contributes to the dissemination of systemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Scharte
- Abteilung Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Rico Franzkoch
- Abteilung Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Universität Osnabrück, iBiOs-Integrated Bioimaging Facility, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Michael Hensel
- Abteilung Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Universität Osnabrück, CellNanOs-Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück, Germany
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12
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Chauhan N, Patro BS. Emerging roles of lysosome homeostasis (repair, lysophagy and biogenesis) in cancer progression and therapy. Cancer Lett 2024; 584:216599. [PMID: 38135207 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In the era of personalized therapy, precise targeting of subcellular organelles holds great promise for cancer modality. Taking into consideration that lysosome represents the intersection site in numerous endosomal trafficking pathways and their modulation in cancer growth, progression, and resistance against cancer therapies, the lysosome is proposed as an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Based on the recent advances, the current review provides a comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms of lysosome homeostasis under 3R responses: Repair, Removal (lysophagy) and Regeneration of lysosomes. These arms of 3R responses have distinct role in lysosome homeostasis although their interdependency along with switching between the pathways still remain elusive. Recent advances underpinning the crucial role of (1) ESCRT complex dependent/independent repair of lysosome, (2) various Galectins-based sensing and ubiquitination in lysophagy and (3) TFEB/TFE proteins in lysosome regeneration/biogenesis of lysosome are outlined. Later, we also emphasised how these recent advancements may aid in development of phytochemicals and pharmacological agents for targeting lysosomes for efficient cancer therapy. Some of these lysosome targeting agents, which are now at various stages of clinical trials and patents, are also highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Chauhan
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400094, India
| | - Birija Sankar Patro
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400094, India.
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13
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Zhang S, Li L, Liu X, Zhong Q. The hookup model of the HOPS complex in autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Autophagy 2024; 20:714-715. [PMID: 38083843 PMCID: PMC10936624 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2291938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a highly conserved process that involves the degradation of proteins, damaged organelles, and other cytoplasmic macromolecules. Autophagosome-lysosome fusion is critical for successful substrate degradation and is mediated by SNARE proteins. The fusion process requires additional vesicle docking and tethering-regulating factors. Our recent work has uncovered a functional model of autophagosome-lysosome fusion. We demonstrated that the six-subunit homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS) complex can be assembled by two subcomplexes, the VPS39-VPS11 subcomplex (HOPS-2) and the VPS41-VPS16-VPS18-VPS33A subcomplex (HOPS-4). VPS39 binds with RAB2 on the autophagosome and VPS41 binds with RAB39A on the lysosome, which then promotes membrane tethering and autophagic SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. Moreover, we have revealed that ALS- and FTD-related C9orf72 is a guanine exchange factor (GEF) for RAB39A. In this punctum, we discuss how the C9orf72-RAB39A-HOPS axis function regulates autophagosome-lysosome fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linsen Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Zheng D, Tong M, Zhang S, Pan Y, Zhao Y, Zhong Q, Liu X. Human YKT6 forms priming complex with STX17 and SNAP29 to facilitate autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113760. [PMID: 38340317 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is crucial for degrading and recycling cellular components. Fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes is pivotal, directing autophagic cargo to degradation. This process is driven by STX17-SNAP29-VAMP8 and STX7-SNAP29-YKT6 in mammalian cells. However, the interaction between STX17 and YKT6 and its significance remain to be revealed. In this study, we challenge the notion that STX17 and YKT6 function independently in autophagosome-lysosome fusion. YKT6, through its SNARE domain, forms a complex with STX17 and SNAP29 on autophagosomes, enhancing autophagy flux. VAMP8 displaces YKT6 from this complex, leading to the formation of the fusogenic complex STX17-SNAP29-VAMP8. We demonstrated that the YKT6-SNAP29-STX17 complex facilitates both lipid and content mixing driven by STX17-SNAP29-VAMP8, suggesting a priming role of YKT6 for efficient membrane fusion. Our results provide a potential regulation mechanism of autophagosome-lysosome fusion, highlighting the importance of YKT6 and its interactions with STX17 and SNAP29 in promoting autophagy flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denghao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Mindan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yanxiang Zhao
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, P.R. China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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15
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Manandhar L, Dutta RK, Devkota P, Chhetri A, Wei X, Park C, Kwon HM, Park R. TFEB activation triggers pexophagy for functional adaptation during oxidative stress under calcium deficient-conditions. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:142. [PMID: 38383392 PMCID: PMC10880274 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium is a ubiquitous intracellular messenger that regulates the expression of various genes involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and motility. The involvement of calcium in diverse metabolic pathways has been suggested. However, the effect of calcium in peroxisomes, which are involved in fatty acid oxidation and scavenges the result reactive oxygen species (ROS), remains elusive. In addition, impaired peroxisomal ROS inhibit the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and promote autophagy. Under stress, autophagy serves as a protective mechanism to avoid cell death. In response to oxidative stress, lysosomal calcium mediates transcription factor EB (TFEB) activation. However, the impact of calcium on peroxisome function and the mechanisms governing cellular homeostasis to prevent diseases caused by calcium deficiency are currently unknown. METHODS To investigate the significance of calcium in peroxisomes and their roles in preserving cellular homeostasis, we established an in-vitro scenario of calcium depletion. RESULTS This study demonstrated that calcium deficiency reduces catalase activity, resulting in increased ROS accumulation in peroxisomes. This, in turn, inhibits mTORC1 and induces pexophagy through TFEB activation. However, treatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine impeded the nuclear translocation of TFEB and attenuated peroxisome degradation. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our study revealed that ROS-mediated TFEB activation triggers pexophagy during calcium deficiency, primarily because of attenuated catalase activity. We posit that calcium plays a significant role in the proper functioning of peroxisomes, critical for fatty-acid oxidation and ROS scavenging in maintaining cellular homeostasis. These findings have important implications for signaling mechanisms in various pathologies, including Zellweger's syndrome and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxman Manandhar
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Raghbendra Kumar Dutta
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Present address: Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Division) Crosley Tower, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45221, USA
| | - Pradeep Devkota
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Arun Chhetri
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaofan Wei
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Channy Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyug Moo Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Raekil Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Xu Z, Pan Z, Jin Y, Gao Z, Jiang F, Fu H, Chen X, Zhang X, Yan H, Yang X, Yang B, He Q, Luo P. Inhibition of PRKAA/AMPK (Ser485/491) phosphorylation by crizotinib induces cardiotoxicity via perturbing autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Autophagy 2024; 20:416-436. [PMID: 37733896 PMCID: PMC10813574 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2259216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Crizotinib, a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting ALK, MET and ROS1, is the first-line drug for ALK-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer and is associated with severe, sometimes fatal, cases of cardiac failure, which increases the risk of mortality. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear, which causes the lack of therapeutic strategy. We established in vitro and in vivo models for crizotinib-induced cardiotoxicity and found that crizotinib caused left ventricular dysfunction, myocardial injury and pathological remodeling in mice and induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial injury. In addition, we found that crizotinib prevented the degradation of MET protein by interrupting autophagosome-lysosome fusion and silence of MET or re-activating macroautophagy/autophagy flux rescued the cardiomyocytes death and mitochondrial injury caused by crizotinib, suggesting that impaired autophagy activity is the key reason for crizotinib-induced cardiotoxicity. We further confirmed that recovering the phosphorylation of PRKAA/AMPK (Ser485/491) by metformin re-activated autophagy flux in cardiomyocytes and metformin rescued crizotinib-induced cardiomyocyte injury and cardiac complications. In summary, we revealed a novel mechanism for crizotinib-induced cardiotoxicity, wherein the crizotinib-impaired autophagy process causes cardiomyocyte death and cardiac injury by inhibiting the degradation of MET protein, demonstrated a new function of impeded autophagosome-lysosome fusion in drugs-induced cardiotoxicity, pointed out the essential role of the phosphorylation of PRKAA (Ser485/491) in autophagosome-lysosome fusion and confirmed metformin as a potential therapeutic strategy for crizotinib-induced cardiotoxicity.Abbreviations and Acronyms: AAV: adeno-associated virus; ACAC/ACC: acetyl-Co A carboxylase; AMP: adenosine monophosphate; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; CHX: cycloheximide; CKMB: creatine kinase myocardial band; CQ: chloroquine; c-PARP: cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase; DAPI: 4'6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; EF: ejection fraction; FOXO: forkhead box O; FS: fractional shortening; GSEA: gene set enrichment analysis; H&E: hematoxylin and eosin; HF: heart failure; HW: TL: ratio of heart weight to tibia length; IR: ischemia-reperfusion; KEGG: Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes; LAMP2: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; MCMs: mouse cardiomyocytes; MMP: mitochondrial membrane potential; mtDNA: mitochondrial DNA; MYH6: myosin, heavy peptide 6, cardiac muscle, alpha; MYH7: myosin, heavy peptide 7, cardiac muscle, beta; NPPA: natriuretic peptide type A; NPPB: natriuretic peptide type B; PI: propidium iodide; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PRKAA/AMPKα: protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha; qPCR: quantitative real-time PCR; SD: standard deviation; SRB: sulforhodamine B; TKI: tyrosine kinase inhibitor; WGA: wheat germ agglutinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Xu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Zezheng Pan
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Ying Jin
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Zizheng Gao
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Huangxi Fu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Hao Yan
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Xiaochun Yang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical and Translational Toxicology, Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Peihua Luo
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
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Kim YH, Park NY, Jo DS, Bae JE, Kim JB, Park K, Jeong K, Kim P, Yeom E, Cho DH. Inhibition of VHL by VH298 Accelerates Pexophagy by Activation of HIF-1α in HeLa Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:482. [PMID: 38257395 PMCID: PMC10819186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a pivotal biological process responsible for maintaining the homeostasis of intracellular organelles. Yet the molecular intricacies of peroxisomal autophagy (pexophagy) remain largely elusive. From a ubiquitin-related chemical library for screening, we identified several inhibitors of the Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) E3 ligase, including VH298, thereby serving as potent inducers of pexophagy. In this study, we observed that VH298 stimulates peroxisomal degradation by ATG5 dependently and escalates the ubiquitination of the peroxisomal membrane protein ABCD3. Interestingly, the ablation of NBR1 is similar to the curtailed peroxisomal degradation in VH298-treated cells. We also found that the pexophagy induced by VH298 is impeded upon the suppression of gene expression by the translation inhibitor cycloheximide. Beyond VHL inhibition, we discovered that roxadustat, a direct inhibitor of HIF-α prolyl hydroxylase, is also a potent inducer of pexophagy. Furthermore, we found that VH298-mediated pexophagy is blocked by silencing HIF-1α. In conclusion, our findings suggest that VH298 promotes pexophagy by modulating VHL-mediated HIF-α transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hwan Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bio Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.)
| | - Na Yeon Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bio Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.)
| | - Doo Sin Jo
- ORGASIS Corp., Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Bae
- KNU LAMP Research Center, KNU Institute of Basic Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Bum Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bio Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.)
| | - Kyuhee Park
- Bio Industry Department, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwiwan Jeong
- Bio Industry Department, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Pansoo Kim
- ORGASIS Corp., Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbyul Yeom
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bio Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.)
- KNU LAMP Research Center, KNU Institute of Basic Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bio Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.)
- ORGASIS Corp., Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
- Organelle Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Zhang X, Tan J, Zhang X, Pandey K, Zhong Y, Wu G, He K. Aggrephagy-related gene signature correlates with survival and tumor-associated macrophages in glioma: Insights from single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing. Math Biosci Eng 2024; 21:2407-2431. [PMID: 38454689 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2024106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggrephagy is a lysosome-dependent process that degrades misfolded protein condensates to maintain cancer cell homeostasis. Despite its importance in cellular protein quality control, the role of aggrephagy in glioma remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of aggrephagy-related genes (ARGs) in glioma and in different cell types of gliomas and to develop an ARGs-based prognostic signature to predict the prognosis, tumor microenvironment, and immunotherapy response of gliomas. METHODS ARGs were identified by searching the Reactome database. We developed the ARGs-based prognostic signature (ARPS) using data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, n = 669) by Lasso-Cox regression. We validated the robustness of the signature in clinical subgroups and CGGA cohorts (n = 970). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to identify the pathways enriched in ARPS subgroups. The correlations between ARGs and macrophages were also investigated at single cell level. RESULTS A total of 44 ARGs showed heterogeneous expression among different cell types of gliomas. Five ARGs (HSF1, DYNC1H1, DYNLL2, TUBB6, TUBA1C) were identified to develop ARPS, an independent prognostic factor. GSEA showed gene sets of patients with high-ARPS were mostly enriched in cell cycle, DNA replication, and immune-related pathways. High-ARPS subgroup had higher immune cell infiltration states, particularly macrophages, Treg cells, and neutrophils. APRS had positive association with tumor mutation burden (TMB) and immunotherapy response predictors. At the single cell level, we found ARGs correlated with macrophage development and identified ARGs-mediated macrophage subtypes with distinct communication characteristics with tumor cells. VIM+ macrophages were identified as pro-inflammatory and had higher interactions with malignant cells. CONCLUSION We identified a novel signature based on ARGs for predicting glioma prognosis, tumor microenvironment, and immunotherapy response. We highlight the ARGs-mediated macrophages in glioma exhibit classical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Yuqing Zhong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guitao Wu
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kejun He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Salvatore SV, Ilagan MXG, Shu H, Lambert PM, Benz A, Qian M, Covey DF, Zorumski CF, Mennerick S. Neuroactive steroid effects on autophagy in a human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK) cell model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1042. [PMID: 38200205 PMCID: PMC10781668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders are correlated with cellular stress. Macroautophagy (autophagy) may represent an important protective pathway to maintain cellular homeostasis and functionality, as it targets cytoplasmic components to lysosomes for degradation and recycling. Given recent evidence that some novel psychiatric treatments, such as the neuroactive steroid (NAS) allopregnanolone (AlloP, brexanolone), may induce autophagy, we stably transfected human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK) cells with a ratiometric fluorescent probe to assay NAS effects on autophagy. We hypothesized that NAS may modulate autophagy in part by the ability of uncharged NAS to readily permeate membranes. Microscopy revealed a weak effect of AlloP on autophagic flux compared with the positive control treatment of Torin1. In high-throughput microplate experiments, we found that autophagy induction was more robust in early passages of HEK cells. Despite limiting studies to early passages for maximum sensitivity, a range of NAS structures failed to reliably induce autophagy or interact with Torin1 or starvation effects. To probe NAS in a system where AlloP effects have been shown previously, we surveyed astrocytes and again saw minimal autophagy induction by AlloP. Combined with other published results, our results suggest that NAS may modulate autophagy in a cell-specific or context-specific manner. Although there is merit to cell lines as a screening tool, future studies may require assaying NAS in cells from brain regions involved in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia V Salvatore
- Departments of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., MSC 8134-0181-0G, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ma Xenia G Ilagan
- High-Throughput Screening Core, Center for Drug Discovery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., MSC 8134-0181-0G, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hongjin Shu
- Departments of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., MSC 8134-0181-0G, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Peter M Lambert
- Departments of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., MSC 8134-0181-0G, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., MSC 8134-0181-0G, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ann Benz
- Departments of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., MSC 8134-0181-0G, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mingxing Qian
- Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., MSC 8134-0181-0G, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Douglas F Covey
- Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., MSC 8134-0181-0G, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., MSC 8134-0181-0G, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Charles F Zorumski
- Departments of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., MSC 8134-0181-0G, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., MSC 8134-0181-0G, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Steven Mennerick
- Departments of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., MSC 8134-0181-0G, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., MSC 8134-0181-0G, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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20
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Xie J, Meijer AH. Xenophagy receptors Optn and p62 and autophagy modulator Dram1 independently promote the zebrafish host defense against Mycobacterium marinum. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1331818. [PMID: 38264729 PMCID: PMC10803470 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1331818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Anti-bacterial autophagy, also known as xenophagy, is a crucial innate immune process that helps maintain cellular homeostasis by targeting invading microbes. This defense pathway is widely studied in the context of infections with mycobacteria, the causative agents of human tuberculosis and tuberculosis-like disease in animal models. Our previous work in a zebrafish tuberculosis model showed that host defense against Mycobacterium marinum (Mm) is impaired by deficiencies in xenophagy receptors, optineurin (Optn) or sequestome 1 (p62), and Damage-regulated autophagy modulator 1 (Dram1). However, the interdependency of these receptors and their interaction with Dram1 remained unknown. In the present study, we used single and double knockout zebrafish lines in combination with overexpression experiments. We show that Optn and p62 can compensate for the loss of each other's function, as their overexpression restores the infection susceptibility of the mutant phenotypes. Similarly, Dram1 can compensate for deficiencies in Optn and p62, and, vice versa, Optn and p62 compensate for the loss of Dram1, indicating that these xenophagy receptors and Dram1 do not rely on each other for host defense against Mm. In agreement, Dram1 overexpression in optn/p62 double mutants restored the interaction of autophagosome marker Lc3 with Mm. Finally, optn/p62 double mutants displayed more severe infection susceptibility than the single mutants. Taken together, these results suggest that Optn and p62 do not function downstream of each other in the anti-mycobacterial xenophagy pathway, and that the Dram1-mediated defense against Mm infection does not rely on specific xenophagy receptors.
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21
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Liénard C, Pintart A, Bomont P. Neuronal Autophagy: Regulations and Implications in Health and Disease. Cells 2024; 13:103. [PMID: 38201307 PMCID: PMC10778363 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a major degradative pathway that plays a key role in sustaining cell homeostasis, integrity, and physiological functions. Macroautophagy, which ensures the clearance of cytoplasmic components engulfed in a double-membrane autophagosome that fuses with lysosomes, is orchestrated by a complex cascade of events. Autophagy has a particularly strong impact on the nervous system, and mutations in core components cause numerous neurological diseases. We first review the regulation of autophagy, from autophagosome biogenesis to lysosomal degradation and associated neurodevelopmental/neurodegenerative disorders. We then describe how this process is specifically regulated in the axon and in the somatodendritic compartment and how it is altered in diseases. In particular, we present the neuronal specificities of autophagy, with the spatial control of autophagosome biogenesis, the close relationship of maturation with axonal transport, and the regulation by synaptic activity. Finally, we discuss the physiological functions of autophagy in the nervous system, during development and in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Liénard
- NeuroMyoGene Institute—PGNM, CNRS UMR 5261—INSERM U1315, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (C.L.); (A.P.)
- CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Pintart
- NeuroMyoGene Institute—PGNM, CNRS UMR 5261—INSERM U1315, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (C.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Pascale Bomont
- NeuroMyoGene Institute—PGNM, CNRS UMR 5261—INSERM U1315, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (C.L.); (A.P.)
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22
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Kakuda K, Ikenaka K, Kuma A, Doi J, Aguirre C, Wang N, Ajiki T, Choong CJ, Kimura Y, Badawy SMM, Shima T, Nakamura S, Baba K, Nagano S, Nagai Y, Yoshimori T, Mochizuki H. Lysophagy protects against propagation of α-synuclein aggregation through ruptured lysosomal vesicles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312306120. [PMID: 38147546 PMCID: PMC10769825 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312306120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuron-to-neuron propagation of misfolded α-synuclein (αSyn) aggregates is thought to be key to the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies. Recent studies have shown that extracellular αSyn aggregates taken up by the endosomal-lysosomal system can rupture the lysosomal vesicular membrane; however, it remains unclear whether lysosomal rupture leads to the transmission of αSyn aggregation. Here, we applied cell-based αSyn propagation models to show that ruptured lysosomes are the pathway through which exogenous αSyn aggregates transmit aggregation, and furthermore, this process was prevented by lysophagy, i.e., selective autophagy of damaged lysosomes. αSyn aggregates accumulated predominantly in lysosomes, causing their rupture, and seeded the aggregation of endogenous αSyn, initially around damaged lysosomes. Exogenous αSyn aggregates induced the accumulation of LC3 on lysosomes. This LC3 accumulation was not observed in cells in which a key regulator of autophagy, RB1CC1/FIP200, was knocked out and was confirmed as lysophagy by transmission electron microscopy. Importantly, RB1CC1/FIP200-deficient cells treated with αSyn aggregates had increased numbers of ruptured lysosomes and enhanced propagation of αSyn aggregation. Furthermore, various types of lysosomal damage induced using lysosomotropic reagents, depletion of lysosomal enzymes, or more toxic species of αSyn fibrils also exacerbated the propagation of αSyn aggregation, and impaired lysophagy and lysosomal membrane damage synergistically enhanced propagation. These results indicate that lysophagy prevents exogenous αSyn aggregates from escaping the endosomal-lysosomal system and transmitting aggregation to endogenous cytosolic αSyn via ruptured lysosomal vesicles. Our findings suggest that the progression and severity of synucleinopathies are associated with damage to lysosomal membranes and impaired lysophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Kakuda
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Kensuke Ikenaka
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Akiko Kuma
- Department of Genetics, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Junko Doi
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - César Aguirre
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ajiki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Chi-Jing Choong
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Kimura
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Shaymaa Mohamed Mohamed Badawy
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
- Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig44519, Egypt
| | - Takayuki Shima
- Department of Genetics, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara634-8521, Japan
| | - Kousuke Baba
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiichi Nagano
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nagai
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka589-8511, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Genetics, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
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23
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Gao M, Deng H, Zhang Y, Wang H, Liu R, Hou W, Zhang W. Hyaluronan nanogel co-loaded with chloroquine to enhance intracellular cisplatin delivery through lysosomal permeabilization and lysophagy inhibition. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121415. [PMID: 37940248 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) has been widely used to construct nanocarriers for cancer-targeted drug delivery, due to its excellent biocompatibility and intrinsic affinity towards CD44 that is overexpressed in most cancer types. However, the HA-based nanocarriers are prone to trapping in lysosomes following the HA-mediated endocytosis, which limited the delivered drug to access its pharmacological action sites and subsequently compromised the therapeutic efficacy. To overcome this intracellular obstacle, here we demonstrated the co-loading of chloroquine (CQ) in HA nanogel could efficiently promote the intracellular delivery of cisplatin. The cisplatin coordination with HA generated the nanogel that could also co-encapsulate CQ (HA/Cis/CQ nanogel). Compared with cisplatin-loaded HA nanogel (HA/Cis), HA/Cis/CQ significantly promoted the lysosomal escape of cisplatin as well as enhanced tumor inhibition in the triple-negative breast cancer model. Mechanism studies suggested that co-delivery of CQ not only induced the lysosomal membrane permeabilization but also inhibited the lysophagy, which collectively contributed to the lysosomal instability and cisplatin escape. This HA/Cis/CQ nanogel elicited less toxicity compared with the combination of free Cis and CQ, thus suggesting a promising HA nanocarrier to boost the cisplatin delivery towards cancer-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Hong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Huimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Runmeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Wei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China.
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24
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Popelka H, Klionsky DJ. The role of the N terminus of lipidated human Atg8-family proteins in cis-membrane association. Autophagy 2024; 20:1-3. [PMID: 37848407 PMCID: PMC10761052 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2272233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A multifunctional role of Atg8-family proteins (Atg8 from yeast and human LC3 and GABARAP subfamilies, all referred to here as ATG8s) in macroautophagy/autophagy is carried out by two protein domains, the N-terminal helical domain (NHD) and ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain. Previous studies showed that the NHD of PE-conjugated ATG8s mediates membrane hemifusion via a direct interaction with lipids in trans-membrane association, which would require the NHD in lipidated ATG8s to adopt a solvent-oriented, "open", conformation that unmasks a UBL domain surface needed for membrane tethering. A purpose of the "closed" conformation of the NHD masking the tethering surface on the UBL domain, a conformation seen in the most structures of non-lipidated ATG8s, remained elusive. A recent study by Zhang et al. discussed in this article, showed that the N terminus of lipidated human ATG8s adopts the "closed" conformation when it interacts with the membrane in cis-membrane association, i.e. with the same membrane ATG8 is anchored to. This finding suggests functions for two distinct conformations of the NHD in lipidated ATG8s and raises questions about determinants controlling cis- or trans-membrane associations of the NHD in ATG8-PE.Abbreviations: AIM, Atg8-family interacting motif; 3D-CLEM, three-dimensional correlative light and electron microscopy; FRET, Förster/fluorescence resonance energy transfer; LIR, LC3-interacting motif; MD, molecular dynamics; NHD, N-terminal helical domain; UBL, ubiquitin-like.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Popelka
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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25
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Nähse V, Schink KO, Stenmark H. ATPase-regulated autophagosome biogenesis. Autophagy 2024; 20:218-219. [PMID: 37722386 PMCID: PMC10761139 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2255967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-shaped domains of the endoplasmic reticulum, known as omegasomes, have been suggested to contribute to autophagosome biogenesis, although their exact function is not known. Omegasomes are characterized by the presence of the double FYVE domain containing protein ZFYVE1/DFCP1, but it has remained a paradox that depletion of ZFYVE1 does not prevent bulk macroautophagy/autophagy. We recently showed that ZFYVE1 contains an N-terminal ATPase domain which dimerizes upon ATP binding. Mutations in the ATPase domain that inhibit ATP binding or hydrolysis do not prevent omegasome expansion and maturation. However, omegasome constriction is inhibited by these mutations, which results in an increased lifetime and thereby higher number of omegasomes. Interestingly, whereas ZFYVE1 knockout or mutations do not significantly affect bulk autophagy, selective autophagy of mitochondria, protein aggregates and micronuclei is inhibited. We propose that ATP binding and hydrolysis control the di- or multimerization state of ZFYVE1 which could provide the mechanochemical energy to drive large omegasome constriction and autophagosome completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Nähse
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, montebello, OsloNorway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kay O. Schink
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, montebello, OsloNorway
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic MedicalSciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, montebello, OsloNorway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, Oslo, Norway
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26
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Zhang H, Ling Q. NBR1-mediated selective chloroplast autophagy is important to plant stress tolerance. Autophagy 2024; 20:205-206. [PMID: 37635361 PMCID: PMC10761070 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2251324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a conserved process in eukaryotes responsible for degrading unwanted or damaged macromolecules and organelles through the lysosome or vacuole for recycling and reutilization. Our previous studies revealed the degradation of chloroplast proteins through a pathway dependent on the ubiquitin proteasome system, known as CHLORAD. Recently, we demonstrated a role for selective autophagy in regulating chloroplast protein import and enhancing stress tolerance in plants. Specifically, we found that K63-ubiquitination of TOC components at the chloroplast outer envelope membrane is recognized by the selective autophagy adaptor NBR1, leading to the degradation of TOC proteins under UV-B irradiation and heat stresses in Arabidopsis. This process was shown to control chloroplast protein import and influence photosynthetic activity. Based on our results, we have, for the first time, demonstrated that selective autophagy plays a vital role in chloroplast protein degradation, specifically in response to certain abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihua Ling
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS-JIC Center of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences (CEPAMS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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27
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Kraft C, Reggiori F. Phagophore closure, autophagosome maturation and autophagosome fusion during macroautophagy in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:73-83. [PMID: 37585559 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Macroautophagy, hereafter referred to as autophagy, is a complex process in which multiple membrane-remodeling events lead to the formation of a cisterna known as the phagophore, which then expands and closes into a double-membrane vesicle termed the autophagosome. During the past decade, enormous progress has been made in understanding the molecular function of the autophagy-related proteins and their role in generating these phagophores. In this Review, we discuss the current understanding of three membrane remodeling steps in autophagy that remain to be largely characterized; namely, the closure of phagophores, the maturation of the resulting autophagosomes into fusion-competent vesicles, and their fusion with vacuoles/lysosomes. Our review will mainly focus on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which has been the leading model system for the study of molecular events in autophagy and has led to the discovery of the major mechanistic concepts, which have been found to be mostly conserved in higher eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Kraft
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Denmark
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28
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Jiang H, Xie Y, Lu J, Li H, Zeng K, Hu Z, Wu D, Yang J, Yao Z, Chen H, Gong X, Yu X. Pristimerin suppresses AIM2 inflammasome by modulating AIM2-PYCARD/ASC stability via selective autophagy to alleviate tendinopathy. Autophagy 2024; 20:76-93. [PMID: 37647255 PMCID: PMC10761048 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2249392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy plays an important role in regulating cellular homeostasis and influences the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases. Tendinopathy is characterized by tendon degeneration and inflammation. However, little is known about the role of selective autophagy in tendinopathy. Here, we find that pristimerin (PM), a quinone methide triterpenoid, is more effective in treating tendinopathy than the first-line drug indomethacin. PM inhibits the AIM2 inflammasome and alleviates inflammation during tendinopathy by promoting the autophagic degradation of AIM2 through a PYCARD/ASC-dependent manner. A mechanistic study shows that PM enhances the K63-linked ubiquitin chains of PYCARD/ASC at K158/161, which serves as a recognition signal for SQSTM1/p62-mediated autophagic degradation of the AIM2-PYCARD/ASC complex. We further identify that PM binds the Cys53 site of deubiquitinase USP50 through the Michael-acceptor and blocks the binding of USP50 to PYCARD/ASC, thereby reducing USP50-mediated cleavage of K63-linked ubiquitin chains of PYCARD/ASC. Finally, PM treatment in vivo generates an effect comparable to inflammasome deficiency in alleviating tendinopathy. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that PM alleviates the progression of tendinopathy by modulating AIM2-PYCARD/ASC stability via SQSTM1/p62-mediated selective autophagic degradation, thus providing a promising autophagy-based therapeutic for tendinopathy.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; AIM2: absent in melanoma 2; AT: Achilles tenotomy; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; BMDMs: bone marrow-derived macrophages; CHX: cycloheximide; Col3a1: collagen, type III, alpha 1; CQ: chloroquine; Cys: cysteine; DARTS: drug affinity responsive target stability; DTT: dithiothreitol; DUB: deubiquitinase; gDNA: genomic DNA; GSH: glutathione; His: histidine; IL1B/IL-1β: interleukin 1 beta; IND: indomethacin; IP: immunoprecipitation; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MMP: mitochondrial membrane potential; NLRP3: NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3; PM: pristimerin; PYCARD/ASC: PYD and CARD domain containing; SN: supernatants; SOX9: SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; Tgfb: transforming growth factor, beta; TIMP3: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3; TNMD: tenomodulin; TRAF6: TNF receptor-associated factor 6; Ub: ubiquitin; USP50: ubiquitin specific peptidase 50; WCL: whole cell lysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaji Jiang
- Yue Bei People’s Hospital Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingchao Xie
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Joint Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiansen Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Zeng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianwu Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenxia Yao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huadan Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqian Gong
- Yue Bei People’s Hospital Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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29
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Plaza-Zabala A, Sierra A. Studying Autophagy in Microglia: Overcoming the Obstacles. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2713:45-70. [PMID: 37639114 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3437-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we provide an overview of the main techniques and experimental approaches that can be used to analyze autophagy flux in microglia, the brain-resident macrophages. For this purpose, we first briefly introduce the main peculiarities of microglial biology, describe the basic mechanisms and functions of autophagy, and summarize the evidence accumulated so far on the role of autophagy in the regulation of microglial survival and functions, mainly phagocytosis and inflammation. Then, we highlight conceptual and technical aspects of autophagic recycling and microglial physiology that need to be taken into account for the accurate evaluation of autophagy flux in microglia. Finally, we describe the main assays that can be used to analyze the complete sequence of autophagosome formation and degradation or autophagy flux, mainly in cultured microglia and in vivo. The main approaches include indirect tracking of autophagosomes by autophagic enzymes such as LC3 by western blot and fluorescence-based confocal microscopy, as well as direct analysis of autophagic vesicles by electron microscopy. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using these methods in specific experimental contexts and highlight the need to complement LC3 and/or electron microscopy data with analysis of other autophagic effectors and lysosomal proteins that participate in the initiation and completion of autophagy flux, respectively. In summary, we provide an experimental guide for the analysis of autophagosome turnover in microglia, emphasizing the need to combine as many markers and complementary approaches as possible to fully characterize the status of autophagy flux in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Plaza-Zabala
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
| | - Amanda Sierra
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque Foundation, Bilbao, Spain
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30
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Dupont N, Claude-Taupin A, Codogno P. A historical perspective of macroautophagy regulation by biochemical and biomechanical stimuli. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:17-31. [PMID: 37777819 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a lysosomal degradative pathway for intracellular macromolecules, protein aggregates, and organelles. The formation of the autophagosome, a double membrane-bound structure that sequesters cargoes before their delivery to the lysosome, is regulated by several stimuli in multicellular organisms. Pioneering studies in rat liver showed the importance of amino acids, insulin, and glucagon in controlling macroautophagy. Thereafter, many studies have deciphered the signaling pathways downstream of these biochemical stimuli to control autophagosome formation. Two signaling hubs have emerged: the kinase mTOR, in a complex at the surface of lysosomes which is sensitive to nutrients and hormones; and AMPK, which is sensitive to the cellular energetic status. Besides nutritional, hormonal, and energetic fluctuations, many organs have to respond to mechanical forces (compression, stretching, and shear stress). Recent studies have shown the importance of mechanotransduction in controlling macroautophagy. This regulation engages cell surface sensors, such as the primary cilium, in order to translate mechanical stimuli into biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dupont
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, France
| | - Aurore Claude-Taupin
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, France
| | - Patrice Codogno
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, France
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31
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Sun X, Meng F, Nong M, Fang H, Lu C, Wang Y, Zhang P. Single-cell dissection reveals the role of aggrephagy patterns in tumor microenvironment components aiding predicting prognosis and immunotherapy on lung adenocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:14333-14371. [PMID: 38095634 PMCID: PMC10756128 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the leading malignant cancers. Aggrephagy plays a critical role in key genetic events for various cancers; yet, how aggrephagy functions within the tumor microenvironment (TME) in LUAD remains to be elucidated. METHODS In this study, by sequential non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm, pseudotime analysis, cell-cell interaction analysis, and SCENIC analysis, we have shown that aggrephagy genes demonstrated various patterns among different cell types in LUAD TME. LUAD and Immunotherapy cohorts from public repository were used to determine the prognosis and immune response of aggrephagy TME subtypes. The aggrephagy-deprived prognostic score (ADPS) was quantified based on machine learning algorithms. RESULTS The cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and CD8+ T cells have various aggrephagy patterns, which enhance the intensity of intercellular communication and transcription factor activation. Furthermore, based on the signatures of the newly defined aggrephagy cell subtypes and expression profiles of large cohorts in LUAD patients, we determine that DYNC1I2+CAF-C1, DYNLL1+CAF-C2, PARK7+CAF-C3, VIM+Mac-C1, PARK7+Mac-C2, VIM+CD8+T_cells-C1, UBA52+CD8+T_cells-C2, TUBA4A+CD8+T_ cells-C3, and TUBA1A+CD8+T_cells-C4 are crucial prognostic factors for LUAD patients. The developed ADPS could predict survival outcomes and immunotherapeutic response across ten cohorts (n = 1838), and patients with low ADPS owned a better prognosis, lower genomic alterations, and are more sensitive to immunotherapy. Meanwhile, based on PRISM, CTRP, and CMAP databases, PLK inhibitor BI-2536, may be a potential agent for patients with high ADPS. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our novel and systematic single-cell analysis has revealed the unique role of aggrephagy in remodeling the TME of LUAD. As a newly demonstrated biomarker, the ADPS facilitates the clinical management and individualized treatment of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinti Sun
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Fei Meng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Minyu Nong
- School of Clinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Chenglu Lu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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32
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Shima T, Ogura M, Matsuda R, Nakamura S, Jin N, Yoshimori T, Kuma A. The TMEM192-mKeima probe specifically assays lysophagy and reveals its initial steps. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202204048. [PMID: 37801070 PMCID: PMC10558291 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202204048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane rupture of lysosomes results in leakage of their contents, which is harmful to cells. Recent studies have reported that several systems contribute to the repair or elimination of damaged lysosomes. Lysophagy is a type of selective autophagy that plays a crucial role in the lysosomal damage response. Because multiple pathways are involved in this response, an assay that specifically evaluates lysophagy is needed. Here, we developed the TMEM192-mKeima probe to evaluate lysophagy. By comparing the use of this probe with the conventional galectin-3 assay, we showed that this probe is more specific to lysophagy. Using TMEM192-mKeima, we showed that TFEB and p62 are important for the lysosomal damage response but not for lysophagy, although they have previously been considered to be involved in lysophagy. We further investigated the initial steps in lysophagy and identified UBE2L3, UBE2N, TRIM10, 16, and 27 as factors involved in it. Our results demonstrate that the TMEM192-mKeima probe is a useful tool for investigating lysophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Shima
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Monami Ogura
- Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ruriko Matsuda
- Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nakamura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Natsuko Jin
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiko Kuma
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Klionsky DJ. This is a public service announcement-BioRender has issued a recall of their autophagy template. Autophagy 2023; 19:3031-3032. [PMID: 37850823 PMCID: PMC10621264 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2266977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
I have been surprised at the number of papers I edit where the schematic of macroautophagy/autophagy is wrong, and it is wrong in the same way. How could this happen? Did people get together and agree to misrepresent the morphological intermediates of autophagy? Not exactly.
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Tsong H, Holzbaur ELF, Stavoe AKH. Aging Differentially Affects Axonal Autophagosome Formation and Maturation. Autophagy 2023; 19:3079-3095. [PMID: 37464898 PMCID: PMC10621248 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2236485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Misregulation of neuronal macroautophagy/autophagy has been implicated in age-related neurodegenerative diseases. We compared autophagosome formation and maturation in primary murine neurons during development and through aging to elucidate how aging affects neuronal autophagy. We observed an age-related decrease in the rate of autophagosome formation leading to a significant decrease in the density of autophagosomes along the axon. Next, we identified a surprising increase in the maturation of autophagic vesicles in neurons from aged mice. While we did not detect notable changes in endolysosomal content in the distal axon during early aging, we did observe a significant loss of acidified vesicles in the distal axon during late aging. Interestingly, we found that autophagic vesicles were transported more efficiently in neurons from adult mice than in neurons from young mice. This efficient transport of autophagic vesicles in both the distal and proximal axon is maintained in neurons during early aging, but is lost during late aging. Our data indicate that early aging does not negatively impact autophagic vesicle transport nor the later stages of autophagy. However, alterations in autophagic vesicle transport efficiency during late aging reveal that aging differentially impacts distinct aspects of neuronal autophagy.Abbreviations: ACAP3: ArfGAP with coiled-coil, ankyrin repeat and PH domains 3; ARF6: ADP-ribosylation factor 6; ATG: autophagy related; AVs: autophagic vesicles; DCTN1/p150Glued: dynactin 1; DRG: dorsal root ganglia; GAP: GTPase activating protein; GEF: guanine nucleotide exchange factor; LAMP2: lysosomal-associated protein 2; LysoT: LysoTracker; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAPK8IP1/JIP1: mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 interacting protein 1; MAPK8IP3/JIP3: mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 interacting protein 3; mCh: mCherry; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Tsong
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erika LF Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrea KH Stavoe
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Wang K, Fu S, Dong L, Zhang D, Wang M, Wu X, Shen E, Luo L, Li C, Nice EC, Huang C, Zou B. Periplocin suppresses the growth of colorectal cancer cells by triggering LGALS3 (galectin 3)-mediated lysophagy. Autophagy 2023; 19:3132-3150. [PMID: 37471054 PMCID: PMC10621285 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2239042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and remains a major clinical challenge. Periplocin, a major bioactive component of the traditional Chinese herb Cortex periplocae, has recently been reported to be a potential anticancer drug. However, the mechanism of action is poorly understood. Here, we show that periplocin exhibits promising anticancer activity against CRC both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, periplocin promotes lysosomal damage and induces apoptosis in CRC cells. Notably, periplocin upregulates LGALS3 (galectin 3) by binding and preventing LGALS3 from Lys210 ubiquitination-mediated proteasomal degradation, leading to the induction of excessive lysophagy and resultant exacerbation of lysosomal damage. Inhibition of LGALS3-mediated lysophagy attenuates periplocin-induced lysosomal damage and growth inhibition in CRC cells, suggesting a critical role of lysophagy in the anticancer effects of periplocin. Taken together, our results reveal a novel link between periplocin and the lysophagy machinery, and indicate periplocin as a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of CRC.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ACACA/ACC1: acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha; AMPK: adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; AO: Acridine orange; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; CALM: calmodulin; CHX: cycloheximide; CRC: colorectal cancer; CQ: chloroquine; CTSB: cathepsin B; CTSD: cathepsin D; ESCRT: endosomal sorting complex required for transport; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LMP: lysosomal membrane permeabilization; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MCOLN1/TRPML1: mucolipin TRP cation channel 1; MKI67/Ki-67: marker of proliferation Ki-67; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; P2RX4/P2X4: purinergic receptor P2X 4; PARP1/PARP: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1; PRKAA/AMPKα: protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TRIM16: tripartite motif containing 16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Shuyue Fu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Dong
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Dingyue Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Mao Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xingyun Wu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Enhao Shen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Li Luo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Changlong Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Edouard Collins Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Bingwen Zou
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
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36
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Tong X, Zhao JJ, Feng YL, Wang XB. The small peptide VISP1 acts as a selective autophagy receptor regulating plant-virus interactions. Autophagy 2023; 19:3246-3247. [PMID: 37561024 PMCID: PMC10621280 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2246858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective macroautophagy/autophagy is tightly regulated by cargo receptors that recruit specific substrates to the ATG8-family proteins for autophagic degradation. Therefore, identification of selective receptors and their new cargoes will improve our understanding of selective autophagy functions in plant development and stress responses. We have recently demonstrated that the small peptide VISP1 acts as a selective autophagy receptor to mediate degradation of suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) of several RNA and DNA viruses. Moreover, VISP1 induces symptom recovery through fine-tuning the balance of plant immunity and virus pathogenicity. Our findings provide new insights into the double-edged sword roles of selective autophagy in plant-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Jia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Lan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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37
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Feng X, Sun D, Li Y, Zhang J, Liu S, Zhang D, Zheng J, Xi Q, Liang H, Zhao W, Li Y, Xu M, He J, Liu T, Hasim A, Ma M, Xu P, Mi N. Local membrane source gathering by p62 body drives autophagosome formation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7338. [PMID: 37957156 PMCID: PMC10643672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagosomes are double-membrane vesicles generated intracellularly to encapsulate substrates for lysosomal degradation during autophagy. Phase separated p62 body plays pivotal roles during autophagosome formation, however, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Here we describe a spatial membrane gathering mode by which p62 body functions in autophagosome formation. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics reveals significant enrichment of vesicle trafficking components within p62 body. Combining cellular experiments and biochemical reconstitution assays, we confirm the gathering of ATG9 and ATG16L1-positive vesicles around p62 body, especially in Atg2ab DKO cells with blocked lipid transfer and vesicle fusion. Interestingly, p62 body also regulates ATG9 and ATG16L vesicle trafficking flux intracellularly. We further determine the lipid contents associated with p62 body via lipidomic profiling. Moreover, with in vitro kinase assay, we uncover the functions of p62 body as a platform to assemble ULK1 complex and invigorate PI3KC3-C1 kinase cascade for PI3P generation. Collectively, our study raises a membrane-based working model for multifaceted p62 body in controlling autophagosome biogenesis, and highlights the interplay between membraneless condensates and membrane vesicles in regulating cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
- Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Daxiao Sun
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Yanchang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Institute of Lifeomics, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Jinpei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
- Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
- Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxiang Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
- Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haisha Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Wenkang Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Mengbo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
- Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiayu He
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
- Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
- Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ayshamgul Hasim
- Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Meisheng Ma
- Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Institute of Lifeomics, 102206, Beijing, China.
| | - Na Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
- Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of High Incidence Disease Research in Xinjiang (Xinjiang Medical University), Ministry of Education, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
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Trapannone R, Romanov J, Martens S. p62 and NBR1 functions are dispensable for aggrephagy in mouse ESCs and ESC-derived neurons. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202301936. [PMID: 37620146 PMCID: PMC10460970 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of protein aggregates is a hallmark of various neurodegenerative diseases. Selective autophagy mediates the delivery of specific cytoplasmic cargo material into lysosomes for degradation. In aggrephagy, which is the selective autophagy of protein aggregates, the cargo receptors p62 and NBR1 were shown to play important roles in cargo selection. They bind ubiquitinated cargo material via their ubiquitin-associated domains and tether it to autophagic membranes via their LC3-interacting regions. We used mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in combination with genome editing to obtain further insights into the roles of p62 and NBR1 in aggrephagy. Unexpectedly, our data reveal that both ESCs and ESC-derived neurons do not show strong defects in the clearance of protein aggregates upon knockout of p62 or NBR1 and upon mutation of the p62 ubiquitin-associated domain and the LC3-interacting region motif. Taken together, our results show a robust aggregate clearance in ESCs and ESC-derived neurons. Thus, redundancy between the cargo receptors, other factors, and pathways, such as the ubiquitin-proteasome system, may compensate for the loss of function of p62 and NBR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Trapannone
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Romanov
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sascha Martens
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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39
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Martinek J, Cifrová P, Vosolsobě S, García-González J, Malínská K, Mauerová Z, Jelínková B, Krtková J, Sikorová L, Leaves I, Sparkes I, Schwarzerová K. ARP2/3 complex associates with peroxisomes to participate in pexophagy in plants. Nat Plants 2023; 9:1874-1889. [PMID: 37845336 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01542-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Actin-related protein (ARP2/3) complex is a heteroheptameric protein complex, evolutionary conserved in all eukaryotic organisms. Its conserved role is based on the induction of actin polymerization at the interface between membranes and the cytoplasm. Plant ARP2/3 has been reported to participate in actin reorganization at the plasma membrane during polarized growth of trichomes and at the plasma membrane-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites. Here we demonstrate that individual plant subunits of ARP2/3 fused to fluorescent proteins form motile spot-like structures in the cytoplasm that are associated with peroxisomes in Arabidopsis and tobacco. ARP2/3 is found at the peroxisome periphery and contains the assembled ARP2/3 complex and the WAVE/SCAR complex subunit NAP1. This ARP2/3-positive peroxisomal domain colocalizes with the autophagosome and, under conditions that affect the autophagy, colocalization between ARP2/3 and the autophagosome increases. ARP2/3 subunits co-immunoprecipitate with ATG8f and peroxisome-associated ARP2/3 interact in vivo with the ATG8f marker. Since mutants lacking functional ARP2/3 complex have more peroxisomes than wild type, we suggest that ARP2/3 has a novel role in the process of peroxisome degradation by autophagy, called pexophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Martinek
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Cifrová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Vosolsobě
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Judith García-González
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Malínská
- Imaging Facility of Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Mauerová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Jelínková
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Krtková
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Sikorová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ian Leaves
- Biosciences, CLES, Exeter University, Exeter, UK
| | - Imogen Sparkes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kateřina Schwarzerová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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40
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Gallagher ER, Holzbaur EL. SQSTM1/P62 promotes lysophagy via formation of liquid-like condensates maintained by HSP27. Autophagy 2023; 19:3029-3030. [PMID: 37194327 PMCID: PMC10548893 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2210943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS SQSTM1/p62: Sequestosome-1; HSP27: Heat shock protein 27; LLPS: liquid-liquid phase separation; iPSC: induced pluripotent stem cell; PB1: Phox and Bem1p; FRAP: fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching; ATG: autophagy-related; ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Gallagher
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erika L.F. Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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41
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Nozawa T, Toh H, Iibushi J, Kogai K, Minowa-Nozawa A, Satoh J, Ito S, Murase K, Nakagawa I. Rab41-mediated ESCRT machinery repairs membrane rupture by a bacterial toxin in xenophagy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6230. [PMID: 37802980 PMCID: PMC10558455 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Xenophagy, a type of selective autophagy, is a bactericidal membrane trafficking that targets cytosolic bacterial pathogens, but the membrane homeostatic system to cope with bacterial infection in xenophagy is not known. Here, we show that the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is needed to maintain homeostasis of xenophagolysosomes damaged by a bacterial toxin, which is regulated through the TOM1L2-Rab41 pathway that recruits AAA-ATPase VPS4. We screened Rab GTPases and identified Rab41 as critical for maintaining the acidification of xenophagolysosomes. Confocal microscopy revealed that ESCRT components were recruited to the entire xenophagolysosome, and this recruitment was inhibited by intrabody expression against bacterial cytolysin, indicating that ESCRT targets xenophagolysosomes in response to a bacterial toxin. Rab41 translocates to damaged autophagic membranes via adaptor protein TOM1L2 and recruits VPS4 to complete ESCRT-mediated membrane repair in a unique GTPase-independent manner. Finally, we demonstrate that the TOM1L2-Rab41 pathway-mediated ESCRT is critical for the efficient clearance of bacteria through xenophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nozawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Toh
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junpei Iibushi
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kohei Kogai
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Atsuko Minowa-Nozawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junko Satoh
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Ito
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazunori Murase
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakagawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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Souza LL, Rossetti CL, Peixoto TC, Manhães AC, de Moura EG, Lisboa PC. Neonatal nicotine exposure affects adult rat hepatic pathways involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress and macroautophagy in a sex-dependent manner. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2023; 14:639-647. [PMID: 38037831 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174423000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) involves changes in hepatic pathways, as lipogenesis, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and macroautophagy. Maternal nicotine exposure exclusively during lactation leads to fatty liver (steatosis) only in the adult male offspring, not in females. Therefore, our hypothesis is that neonatal exposure to nicotine sex-dependently affects the signaling pathways involved in hepatic homeostasis of the offspring, explaining the hepatic lipid accumulation phenotype only in males. For this, between postnatal days 2 and 16, Wistar rat dams were implanted with osmotic minipumps, which released nicotine (NIC; 6 mg/Kg/day) or vehicle. The livers of offspring were evaluated at postnatal day 180. Only the male offspring that had been exposed to nicotine neonatally showed increased protein expression of markers of unfolded protein response (UPR), highlighting the presence of ER stress, as well as disruption of the activation of the macroautophagy repair pathway. These animals also had increased expression of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 and 4-hydroxynonenal, suggesting increased triglyceride esterification and oxidative stress. These parameters were not altered in the female offspring that had been neonatally exposed to nicotine, however they exhibited increased phospho adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pAMPK expression, possibly as a protective mechanism. Thus, the disturbance in the hepatic homeostasis by UPR, macroautophagy, and oxidative stress modifications seem to be the molecular mechanisms underlying the liver steatosis in the adult male offspring of the nicotine-programming model. This highlights the importance of maternal smoking cessation during breastfeeding to decrease the risk of NAFLD development, especially in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Lopes Souza
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila Lüdke Rossetti
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thamara Cherem Peixoto
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alex Christian Manhães
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Li P, Li H, Li X, Li S, Xu H, Cui J, Cheng G, Liu Y, Xu X, Xin Y, Liu A. San Jie Tong Mai Fang Protects Against Atherosclerosis Progression by Regulating Macroautophagy through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 82:333-343. [PMID: 37506377 PMCID: PMC10545065 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Many studies have confirmed that macrophage autophagy injury negatively impacts the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Meanwhile, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway affects AS progression by regulating macrophage autophagy. We previously reported that the herbal formula San Jie Tong Mai Fang (SJTMF) elicits lipid regulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, the current study used an ApoE -/- high-fat diet-fed mouse model to determine whether SJTMF elicits protective effects against AS progression by means of the regulation of macrophage autophagy through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Our results show that SJTMF reduced the number of atherosclerotic plaques, foam cell formation, and intimal thickness in mouse aorta. In addition, SJTMF improved blood lipid metabolism and inflammatory levels in mice. We also observed that SJTMF caused macrophages to be polarized toward the M2 phenotype through the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, the abundances of LC3-II/I and beclin1 proteins-key autophagy molecules-were increased, whereas that of p62 was decreased, resulting in the promotion of macrophage autophagy. Taken together, these findings indicate that SJTMF may regulate the polarization of macrophages by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby reducing atherosclerotic plaque damage in ApoE -/- mice, thereby promoting macrophage autophagy and eliciting a significant antiarteriosclerosis effect. Hence, SJTMF may represent a promising new candidate drug for the treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, People's of Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People's of Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People's of Republic of China
| | - Shuangdi Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People's of Republic of China
| | - Hanying Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, People's of Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Cui
- Office of the Party Committee, the Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People's of Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Cheng
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, People's of Republic of China; and
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Department of Basic Teaching and Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People's of Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People's of Republic of China
| | - Yuning Xin
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, People's of Republic of China
| | - Aidong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People's of Republic of China
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Chae CW, Yoon JH, Lim JR, Park JY, Cho JH, Jung YH, Choi GE, Lee HJ, Han HJ. TRIM16-mediated lysophagy suppresses high-glucose-accumulated neuronal Aβ. Autophagy 2023; 19:2752-2768. [PMID: 37357416 PMCID: PMC10472864 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2229659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS Aβ: amyloid β; AD: Alzheimer disease; AMPK: 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; CTSB: cathepsin B; CTSD: cathepsin D; DM: diabetes mellitus; ESCRT: endosomal sorting complex required for transport; FBXO27: F-box protein 27; iPSC-NDs: induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuronal differentiated cells; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; LMP: lysosomal membrane permeabilization; LRSAM1: leucine rich repeat and sterile alpha motif containing 1; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; p-MAPT/tau: phosphorylated microtubule associated protein tau; ROS: reactive oxygen species; STZ: streptozotocin; TFE3: transcription factor E3; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TRIM16: tripartite motif containing 16; UBE2QL1: ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 Q family like 1; VCP: valosin containing protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Woo Chae
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jee Hyeon Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Ryong Lim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Yong Park
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Cho
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Hyun Jung
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gee Euhn Choi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jik Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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45
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Kotani T, Sakai Y, Kirisako H, Kakuta C, Kakuta S, Ohsumi Y, Nakatogawa H. A mechanism that ensures non-selective cytoplasm degradation by autophagy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5815. [PMID: 37726301 PMCID: PMC10509180 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In autophagy, a membrane cisterna called the isolation membrane expands, bends, becomes spherical, and closes to sequester cytoplasmic constituents into the resulting double-membrane vesicle autophagosome for lysosomal/vacuolar degradation. Here, we discover a mechanism that allows the isolation membrane to expand with a large opening to ensure non-selective cytoplasm sequestration within the autophagosome. A sorting nexin complex that localizes to the opening edge of the isolation membrane plays a critical role in this process. Without the complex, the isolation membrane expands with a small opening that prevents the entry of particles larger than about 25 nm, including ribosomes and proteasomes, although autophagosomes of nearly normal size eventually form. This study sheds light on membrane morphogenesis during autophagosome formation and selectivity in autophagic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kotani
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Sakai
- Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kirisako
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Chika Kakuta
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kakuta
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ohsumi
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakatogawa
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
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46
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Watanabe Y, Taguchi K, Tanaka M. Roles of Stress Response in Autophagy Processes and Aging-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13804. [PMID: 37762105 PMCID: PMC10531041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The heat shock factor 1 (HSF1)-mediated stress response pathway and autophagy processes play important roles in the maintenance of proteostasis. Autophagy processes are subdivided into three subtypes: macroautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), and microautophagy. Recently, molecular chaperones and co-factors were shown to be involved in the selective degradation of substrates by these three autophagy processes. This evidence suggests that autophagy processes are regulated in a coordinated manner by the HSF1-mediated stress response pathway. Recently, various studies have demonstrated that proteostasis pathways including HSF1 and autophagy are implicated in longevity. Furthermore, they serve as therapeutic targets for aging-related diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In the future, these studies will underpin the development of therapies against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Watanabe
- Department of Basic Geriatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamikyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Taguchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 601-0841, Japan; (K.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 601-0841, Japan; (K.T.); (M.T.)
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47
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Ye Y, Tyndall ER, Bui V, Bewley MC, Wang G, Hong X, Shen Y, Flanagan JM, Wang HG, Tian F. Multifaceted membrane interactions of human Atg3 promote LC3-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugation during autophagy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5503. [PMID: 37679347 PMCID: PMC10485044 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagosome formation, a crucial step in macroautophagy (autophagy), requires the covalent conjugation of LC3 proteins to the amino headgroup of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) lipids. Atg3, an E2-like enzyme, catalyzes the transfer of LC3 from LC3-Atg3 to PEs in targeted membranes. Here we show that the catalytically important C-terminal regions of human Atg3 (hAtg3) are conformationally dynamic and directly interact with the membrane, in collaboration with its N-terminal membrane curvature-sensitive helix. The functional relevance of these interactions was confirmed by in vitro conjugation and in vivo cellular assays. Therefore, highly curved phagophoric rims not only serve as a geometric cue for hAtg3 recruitment, but also their interaction with hAtg3 promotes LC3-PE conjugation by targeting its catalytic center to the membrane surface and bringing substrates into proximity. Our studies advance the notion that autophagosome biogenesis is directly guided by the spatial interactions of Atg3 with highly curved phagophoric rims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansheng Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Erin R Tyndall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Van Bui
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Maria C Bewley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Guifang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Xupeng Hong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yang Shen
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John M Flanagan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Fang Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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48
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Corkery DP, Castro‐Gonzalez S, Knyazeva A, Herzog LK, Wu Y. An ATG12-ATG5-TECPR1 E3-like complex regulates unconventional LC3 lipidation at damaged lysosomes. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56841. [PMID: 37381828 PMCID: PMC10481663 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202356841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal membrane damage represents a threat to cell viability. As such, cells have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to maintain lysosomal integrity. Small membrane lesions are detected and repaired by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery while more extensively damaged lysosomes are cleared by a galectin-dependent selective macroautophagic pathway (lysophagy). In this study, we identify a novel role for the autophagosome-lysosome tethering factor, TECPR1, in lysosomal membrane repair. Lysosomal damage promotes TECPR1 recruitment to damaged membranes via its N-terminal dysferlin domain. This recruitment occurs upstream of galectin and precedes the induction of lysophagy. At the damaged membrane, TECPR1 forms an alternative E3-like conjugation complex with the ATG12-ATG5 conjugate to regulate ATG16L1-independent unconventional LC3 lipidation. Abolishment of LC3 lipidation via ATG16L1/TECPR1 double knockout impairs lysosomal recovery following damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale P Corkery
- Department of ChemistryUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial ResearchUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Sergio Castro‐Gonzalez
- Department of ChemistryUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial ResearchUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Anastasia Knyazeva
- Department of ChemistryUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial ResearchUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Laura K Herzog
- Department of ChemistryUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial ResearchUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Yao‐Wen Wu
- Department of ChemistryUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial ResearchUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
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49
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Hatanaka A, Nakada S, Matsumoto G, Satoh K, Aketa I, Watanabe A, Hirakawa T, Tsujita T, Waku T, Kobayashi A. The transcription factor NRF1 (NFE2L1) activates aggrephagy by inducing p62 and GABARAPL1 after proteasome inhibition to maintain proteostasis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14405. [PMID: 37658135 PMCID: PMC10474156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin‒proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are the two primary cellular pathways of misfolded or damaged protein degradation that maintain cellular proteostasis. When the proteasome is dysfunctional, cells compensate for impaired protein clearance by activating aggrephagy, a type of selective autophagy, to eliminate ubiquitinated protein aggregates; however, the molecular mechanisms by which impaired proteasome function activates aggrephagy remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that activation of aggrephagy is transcriptionally induced by the transcription factor NRF1 (NFE2L1) in response to proteasome dysfunction. Although NRF1 has been previously shown to induce the expression of proteasome genes after proteasome inhibition (i.e., the proteasome bounce-back response), our genome-wide transcriptome analyses identified autophagy-related p62/SQSTM1 and GABARAPL1 as genes directly targeted by NRF1. Intriguingly, NRF1 was also found to be indispensable for the formation of p62-positive puncta and their colocalization with ULK1 and TBK1, which play roles in p62 activation via phosphorylation. Consistently, NRF1 knockdown substantially reduced the phosphorylation rate of Ser403 in p62. Finally, NRF1 selectively upregulated the expression of GABARAPL1, an ATG8 family gene, to induce the clearance of ubiquitinated proteins. Our findings highlight the discovery of an activation mechanism underlying NRF1-mediated aggrephagy through gene regulation when proteasome activity is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hatanaka
- Laboratory for Genetic Code, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sota Nakada
- Laboratory for Genetic Code, Department of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gen Matsumoto
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Katsuya Satoh
- Laboratory for Genetic Code, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan
| | - Iori Aketa
- Laboratory for Genetic Code, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Hirakawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Tsujita
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Waku
- Laboratory for Genetic Code, Department of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Kobayashi
- Laboratory for Genetic Code, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan.
- Laboratory for Genetic Code, Department of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan.
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Viret C, Lavedrine A, Lamiral G, Rozières A, Faure M. Contextual influence of mammalian macro-autophagy in virus-bacteria coinfected cell phenotypes. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011625. [PMID: 37733691 PMCID: PMC10513301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Viret
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Aude Lavedrine
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Guénaëlle Lamiral
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Aurore Rozières
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mathias Faure
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
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