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Zamora-Figueroa A, Rosales RE, Fernández R, Ramírez V, Bastardo M, Farías A, Vizzi E. Detection and diversity of gastrointestinal viruses in wastewater from Caracas, Venezuela, 2021-2022. Virology 2024; 589:109913. [PMID: 37924728 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal viruses (GIV) are an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Their epidemiological impact in Venezuela during the COVID-19 pandemic remains unclear. GIV can also be detected in domestic sewage. Ninety-one wastewater samples from urban areas of Caracas collected over 12 months and concentrated by polyethylene-glycol-precipitation, were analyzed by multiplex reverse-transcription-PCR for rotavirus/calicivirus/astrovirus and enterovirus/klassevirus/cosavirus, and monoplex-PCR for adenovirus and Aichi virus. The overall frequency of virus detection was 46.2%, fluctuating over months, and peaking in the rainy season. Adenoviruses circulated throughout the year, especially type F41, and predominated (52.7%) over caliciviruses (29.1%) that peaked in the rainy months, rotaviruses (9.1%), cosaviruses (5.5%), astroviruses and enteroviruses (1.8%). Aichi-virus and klassevirus were absent. Rotavirus G9/G12, and P[4]/P[8]/P[14] predominated. The occurrence of GIV in wastewater reflects transmission within the population of Caracas and the persistence of a potential public health risk that needs to be adequately monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Zamora-Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Microorganismos, Centro de Ecología Aplicada. Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical. Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Rita E Rosales
- Laboratorio de Biología de Virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Rixio Fernández
- Laboratorio de Biología de Virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Viviana Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Biología de Virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Marjorie Bastardo
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Microorganismos, Centro de Ecología Aplicada. Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical. Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Alba Farías
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Microorganismos, Centro de Ecología Aplicada. Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical. Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Esmeralda Vizzi
- Laboratorio de Biología de Virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela.
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Savia A, Apesteguía A, Farías A, Yaryour C, Allalla F. 134 Effect of EMS Stroke Code on Total Out-of-Hospital Time. Ann Emerg Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.08.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pisano MB, Dantur MJ, Ré VE, Díaz LA, Farías A, Sánchez Seco MP, Tenorio A, Almirón WR, Contigiani MS. Cocirculation of Rio Negro Virus (RNV) and Pixuna Virus (PIXV) in Tucumán province, Argentina. Trop Med Int Health 2010; 15:865-8. [PMID: 20497404 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02541.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Venezuelan equine encephalitis complex includes viruses considered emerging pathogens for humans and animals in the Americas. Two members of this complex have been detected previously in Argentina: Rio Negro Virus (RNV), detected in mosquitoes from Chaco province and rodents from Formosa province, and Pixuna Virus (PIXV), detected in mosquitoes from Chaco province. To carry out surveillance studies in other parts of the country, detection of a 195-bp fragment of alphaviruses by RT-nested PCR was performed in mosquito samples from San Miguel de Tucumán city. Four pools resulted positive and three were sequenced. Two amplicons grouped with RNV and one with PIXV. This is the first report of viral activity of members of the Venezuelan equine encephalitis complex in north-eastern Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Pisano
- Instituto de Virología Dr. J.M. Vanella, Facultad Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Spinsanti L, Farías A, Aguilar J, Díaz MP, Ghisiglieri S, Bustos MA, Vilches N, González B, Contigiani M. Risk factors associated with St. Louis encephalitis seroprevalence in two populations from Córdoba, Argentina. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2007; 101:1248-52. [PMID: 17915268 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Revised: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 08/31/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is endemic in Argentina. The first outbreak was recorded in Córdoba during the late summer of 2005. This study analyzes the association between social and demographic factors and other variables related to exposure to mosquitoes with SLEV infection in 264 individuals who attended two health centers in the city of Córdoba during the period December 2004-January 2005. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the risk coefficients. The seroprevalence was 12.9%, similar to that in previous reports. Risks of infection were associated with the presence of garbage dumps near dwellings, the practice of outdoor activities at night and place of residence. Risk for older people (60-80 years old) was moderate. The identification of risk factors related to SLEV infection would be useful to improve programs for vector control and community health.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Spinsanti
- Instituto de Virología Dr. J.M. Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, calle Enfermera Gordillo Gomez s/n, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
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Hermida GN, Farías A, Fiorito LE. Neuroepithelial bodies in the lung of Melanophryniscus stelzneri stelzneri (Anura, Bufonidae). Anat Embryol (Berl) 2003; 207:373-9. [PMID: 14639477 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-003-0353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Electron microscopy of the lungs of Melanophryniscus stelzneri stelzneri (Anura) revealed the presence of a complex pattern of corpuscular cells (CCs). The respiratory surface over the septa presents small areas where the CCs are grouped forming neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs). These corpuscular structures can also be localized in the inner layer of the lung wall. Although in both cases NEBs protrude slightly into the airway lumen, they are separated from the airway lumen and the basal connective tissue by thin apical and basal cytoplasmic processes of neighbouring pneumocytes. Ultrastructurally, the CCs possess a large nucleus, clear cytoplasm and vesicles of variable morphology and size, containing an electron dense material surrounded by a lucent space in some cases. The size of these dense-core vesicles (DCVs) ranged from 40 to 100 nm. The NEBs are associated with afferent and efferent terminal nerves. These types of nerve endings are located between the CCs and in the basal part of the NEBs. The location of the NEBs in strategic positions on the septa and in the wall of the lung, the presence of the DCVs in the basolateral region of the CCs, the occurrence of synaptic contacts between nerve endings and the CCs and the occurrence of capillaries close to the NEBs, suggest a receptosecretory function for NEBs in the lung of M.s. stelzneri.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Hermida
- Laboratorio de Histología Animal, Microanatomía de Anfibios, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Asensio E, Alvarez B, Lozano E, Farías A, Brugada R, Brugada P, Brugada J. [ST segment elevation, right bundle branch block and sudden death: Brugada's syndrome]. Arch Inst Cardiol Mex 2000; 70:301-11. [PMID: 10959460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Brugada's syndrome is one of the main causes of sudden death in young adults without a structural heart disease. This is an electrical cardiac illness secondary to a mutation of SCN5A gene of chromosome 3 that has a dominant autosomic transmission pattern. This mutation implies the dysfunction of the sodium channel that increases the Ito, loosing the dome of the epicardiac action potential phase two. An "all or none" repolarization pattern ensues and gives rise to a phase two reentry. This kind of reentry is responsible for the initiation and perpetuation of malignant ventricular arrhythmias among these patients. The clinical characteristics of the syndrome are the right bundle branch block, ST segment elevation from V1 to V3 leads and sudden death or syncope. In some patients, a pharmacological test must be done with ajmaline or procainamide to unmask the electrocardiographic changes. At present, the only effective treatment is the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). This device has the capability to reduce mortality from 40% annually to 0% at ten years. Pharmacological treatment is not useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Asensio
- Unitat d'Arítmies, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España
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Farías A, Fiorito LE, Hermida GN. Structure of the Bufo arenarum kidney: renal corpuscle, neck segment and proximal tubule. BIOCELL 1998; 22:187-96. [PMID: 10892449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The structural organization of the renal corpuscle (RC), ciliated neck segment (NS) and the proximal tubule (PT) were studied in the toad, Bufo arenarum, by means of light and transmission electron microscopy. The ciliated neck segment and the proximal tubule are located in the dorsolateral zone of the kidney, while the distal tubules are located in a ventromedial zone. RC are found between these two zones. The glomerular filter apparatus consists of the podocyte epithelium, a basement membrane, a subendothelial space and an endothelium. The podocyte emits cytoplasmatic processes extending over the surface of the glomerular capillaries. These processes divide into further processes ending in expansions known as pediceles. The basement membrane consists of a lamina rara externa and a rather thin lamina densa, while the subendothelial space contains collagen fibers and slender cytoplasmic processes of the mesangial cells. NS are composed of ciliated cells with a characteristic location of the mitochondria. The PT consists of prismatic cells with a dense luminal brush border of long microvilli and numerous apical vesicles. The basal cell membrane is increased by small infoldings. One characteristic structure of the cytoplasm is the presence of lipid droplets. The cytological structure of PT cells can be considered as an adaptation for the reabsorption of organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Farías
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Hermida GN, Fiorito LE, Farías A. The lung of the common toad, Bufo arenarum (Anura: Bufonidae). A light and electron microscopy study. BIOCELL 1998; 22:19-26. [PMID: 10904523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the lung morphology of the common toad, Bufo arenarum, as observed by light and electron microscopy. The lung wall consists of four layers: mesothelium, dense connective tissue with thin elastic fibers, loose connective tissue containing smooth muscle fibers and an internal respiratory epithelium. The lung presents three types of folds defined by their epithelia. First order folds are coated by ciliated epithelium containing numerous goblet cells. Second order folds present the same type of epithelium but devoid of goblet cells, while third order folds are only lined by respiratory epithelium. The respiratory surface of the lung is lined by a single cell type, the pneumocyte, which presents characteristics of both type I and type II alveolar cells of higher vertebrates. The pneumocytes are prismatic in shape and possess attenuated cytoplasmatic processes which spread over the pulmonary capillaries to form the outer layer of the air-blood barrier. These cells present microvilli in the apical extreme and contain different types of cytoplasmic bodies: electron dense, multivesicular and lamellar.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Hermida
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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