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Ward VC, Lee AC, Hawken S, Otieno NA, Mujuru HA, Chimhini G, Wilson K, Darmstadt GL. Overview of the Global and US Burden of Preterm Birth. Clin Perinatol 2024; 51:301-311. [PMID: 38705642 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children globally, yet its prevalence has been difficult to accurately estimate due to unreliable methods of gestational age dating, heterogeneity in counting, and insufficient data. The estimated global PTB rate in 2020 was 9.9% (95% confidence interval: 9.1, 11.2), which reflects no significant change from 2010, and 81% of prematurity-related deaths occurred in Africa and Asia. PTB prevalence in the United States in 2021 was 10.5%, yet with concerning racial disparities. Few effective solutions for prematurity prevention have been identified, highlighting the importance of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C Ward
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Li Ka Shing Building, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Anne Cc Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Global Advancement of Infants and Mothers, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven Hawken
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Center for Practice Changing Research, 501 Smyth Road, Box 201-B, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Nancy A Otieno
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Global Health Research, Division of Global Health Protection, Box 1578 Kisumu 40100, Kenya
| | - Hilda A Mujuru
- Department of Child Adolescent and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Gwendoline Chimhini
- Department of Child Adolescent and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Kumanan Wilson
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Center for Practice Changing Research, 501 Smyth Road, Box 201-B, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Bruyère Research Institute, 43 Bruyère Street, Ottawa, ON K1N 5C8, Canada
| | - Gary L Darmstadt
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 453 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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Bosakova L, Rosicova K, Filakovska Bobakova D. Association of socioeconomic disadvantage and ethnicity with perinatal neonatal, and infant mortality in Slovakia. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1142. [PMID: 38658885 PMCID: PMC11040926 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18645-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infant mortality rates are reliable indices of the child and general population health status and health care delivery. The most critical factors affecting infant mortality are socioeconomic status and ethnicity. The aim of this study was to assess the association between socioeconomic disadvantage, ethnicity, and perinatal, neonatal, and infant mortality in Slovakia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The associations between socioeconomic disadvantage (educational level, long-term unemployment rate), ethnicity (the proportion of the Roma population) and mortality (perinatal, neonatal, and infant) in the period 2017-2022 were explored, using linear regression models. RESULTS The higher proportion of people with only elementary education and long-term unemployed, as well as the higher proportion of the Roma population, increases mortality rates. The proportion of the Roma population had the most significant impact on mortality in the selected period between 2017 and 2022, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022). CONCLUSIONS Life in segregated Roma settlements is connected with the accumulation of socioeconomic disadvantage. Persistent inequities between Roma and the majority population in Slovakia exposed by mortality rates in children point to the vulnerabilities and exposures which should be adequately addressed by health and social policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Bosakova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Tr. SNP 1, Kosice, 040 01, Slovak Republic.
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute (OUSHI), Palacky University in Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, 771 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Katarina Rosicova
- Department of Regional Development, Land-Use Planning and Environment, Kosice Self-Governing Region, Nam. Maratonu Mieru 1, 042 66, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Filakovska Bobakova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Tr. SNP 1, Kosice, 040 01, Slovak Republic
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute (OUSHI), Palacky University in Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, 771 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Schmölzer GM, Asztalos EV, Beltempo M, Boix H, Dempsey E, El-Naggar W, Finer NN, Hudson JA, Mukerji A, Law BHY, Yaskina M, Shah PS, Sheta A, Soraisham A, Tarnow-Mordi W, Vento M. Does the use of higher versus lower oxygen concentration improve neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18-24 months in very low birthweight infants? Trials 2024; 25:237. [PMID: 38576007 PMCID: PMC10996184 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immediately after birth, the oxygen saturation is between 30 and 50%, which then increases to 85-95% within the first 10 min. Over the last 10 years, recommendations regarding the ideal level of the initial fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) for resuscitation in preterm infants have changed from 1.0, to room air to low levels of oxygen (< 0.3), up to moderate concentrations (0.3-0.65). This leaves clinicians in a challenging position, and a large multi-center international trial of sufficient sample size that is powered to look at safety outcomes such as mortality and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes is required to provide the necessary evidence to guide clinical practice with confidence. METHODS An international cluster, cross-over randomized trial of initial FiO2 of 0.3 or 0.6 during neonatal resuscitation in preterm infants at birth to increase survival free of major neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 and 24 months corrected age will be conducted. Preterm infants born between 230/7 and 286/7 weeks' gestation will be eligible. Each participating hospital will be randomized to either an initial FiO2 concentration of either 0.3 or 0.6 to recruit for up to 12 months' and then crossed over to the other concentration for up to 12 months. The intervention will be initial FiO2 of 0.6, and the comparator will be initial FiO2 of 0.3 during respiratory support in the delivery room. The sample size will be 1200 preterm infants. This will yield 80% power, assuming a type 1 error of 5% to detect a 25% reduction in relative risk of the primary outcome from 35 to 26.5%. The primary outcome will be a composite of all-cause mortality or the presence of a major neurodevelopmental outcome between 18 and 24 months corrected age. Secondary outcomes will include the components of the primary outcome (death, cerebral palsy, major developmental delay involving cognition, speech, visual, or hearing impairment) in addition to neonatal morbidities (severe brain injury, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; and severe retinopathy of prematurity). DISCUSSION The use of supplementary oxygen may be crucial but also potentially detrimental to preterm infants at birth. The HiLo trial is powered for the primary outcome and will address gaps in the evidence due to its pragmatic and inclusive design, targeting all extremely preterm infants. Should 60% initial oxygen concertation increase survival free of major neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18-24 months corrected age, without severe adverse effects, this readily available intervention could be introduced immediately into clinical practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered on January 31, 2019, at ClinicalTrials.gov with the Identifier: NCT03825835.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg M Schmölzer
- Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Royal Alexandra Hospital, 10240 Kingsway Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB, T5H 3V9, Canada.
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth V Asztalos
- Department of Newborn & Developmental Paediatrics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marc Beltempo
- Departement of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's HospitalMcGill University Health CenterMcGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hector Boix
- Division of Neonatology, Dexeus Quironsalud University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugene Dempsey
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Walid El-Naggar
- Department of Paediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Neil N Finer
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Sharp Mary Birch Hospital for Women and Newborns, San Diego, USA
| | - Jo-Anna Hudson
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NF, Canada
| | - Amit Mukerji
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Brenda H Y Law
- Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Royal Alexandra Hospital, 10240 Kingsway Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB, T5H 3V9, Canada
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Maryna Yaskina
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute (WCHRI), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Prakesh S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ayman Sheta
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Amuchou Soraisham
- Department of Pediatrics, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Childrens Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - William Tarnow-Mordi
- Trials Centre, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Max Vento
- Department of Pediatrics, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
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Taye K, Kebede Y, Tsegaw D, Ketema W. Predictors of neonatal mortality among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Sidama regional state, Ethiopia. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:237. [PMID: 38570750 PMCID: PMC10988874 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04689-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite promising efforts, substantial deaths occurred during the neonatal period. According to estimates from the World Health Organization (WHO), Ethiopia is among the top 10 nations with the highest number of neonatal deaths in 2020 alone. This staggering amount makes it difficult to achieve the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals) target that calls for all nations to work hard to meet a neonatal mortality rate target of ≤ 12 deaths per 1,000 live births by 2030. We evaluated neonatal mortality and it's contributing factors among newborns admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (HUCSH). METHODS A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study on neonates admitted to the NICU from May 2021 to April 2022 was carried out at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. From the admitted 1044 cases over the study period, 225 babies were sampled using a systematic random sampling procedure. The relationship between variables was determined using bivariate and multivariable analyses, and statistically significant relations were indicated at p-values less than 0.05. RESULTS The magnitude of neonatal death was 14.2% (95% CI: 0.099-0.195). The most common causes of neonatal death were prematurity 14 (43.8%), sepsis 9 (28.1%), Perinatal asphyxia 6 (18.8%), and congenital malformations 3 (9.4%). The overall neonatal mortality rate was 28 per 1000 neonate days. Neonates who had birth asphyxia were 7.28 times more probable (AOR = 7.28; 95% CI: 2.367, 9.02) to die. Newborns who encountered infection within the NICU were 8.17 times more likely (AOR = 8.17; 95% CI: 1.84, 36.23) to die. CONCLUSION The prevalence of newborn death is excessively high. The most common causes of mortality identified were prematurity, sepsis, perinatal asphyxia and congenital anomalies. To avert these causes, we demand that antenatal care services be implemented appropriately, delivery care quality be improved, and appropriate neonatal care and treatment be made available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefyalew Taye
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Hawassa University, P.O.Box 1560, Hawassa, Ethiopia
- CEO at Makira Pediatrics and Child Health Specialty clinic, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
| | - Yenew Kebede
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Hawassa University, P.O.Box 1560, Hawassa, Ethiopia
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Desalegn Tsegaw
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hawassa University, P.O.Box 1560, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Worku Ketema
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Hawassa University, P.O.Box 1560, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
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Triggs T, Crawford K, Hong J, Clifton V, Kumar S. The influence of birthweight on mortality and severe neonatal morbidity in late preterm and term infants: an Australian cohort study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2024; 45:101054. [PMID: 38590781 PMCID: PMC10999727 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to detail incidence rates and relative risks for severe adverse perinatal outcomes by birthweight centile categories in a large Australian cohort of late preterm and term infants. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of singleton infants (≥34+0 weeks gestation) between 2000 and 2018 in Queensland, Australia. Study outcomes were perinatal mortality, severe neurological morbidity, and other severe morbidity. Categorical outcomes were compared using Chi-squared tests. Continuous outcomes were compared using t-tests. Multinomial logistic regression investigated the effect of birthweight centile on study outcomes. Findings The final cohort comprised 991,042 infants. Perinatal mortality occurred in 1944 infants (0.19%). The incidence and risk of perinatal mortality increased as birthweight decreased, peaking for infants <1st centile (perinatal mortality rate 13.2/1000 births, adjusted Relative Risk Ratio (aRRR) of 12.96 (95% CI 10.14, 16.57) for stillbirth and aRRR 7.55 (95% CI 3.78, 15.08) for neonatal death). Severe neurological morbidity occurred in 7311 infants (0.74%), with the highest rate (19.6/1000 live births) in <1st centile cohort. There were 75,243 cases of severe morbidity (7.59% livebirths), with the peak incidence occurring in the <1st centile category (12.3% livebirths). The majority of adverse outcomes occurred in infants with birthweights between 10 and 90th centile. Almost 2 in 3 stillbirths, and approximately 3 in 4 cases of neonatal death, severe neurological morbidity or other severe morbidity occurred within this birthweight range. Interpretation Although the incidence and risk of perinatal mortality, severe neurological morbidity and severe morbidity increased at the extremes of birthweight centiles, the majority of these outcomes occurred in infants that were apparently "appropriately grown" (i.e., birthweight 10th-90th centile). Funding National Health and Medical Research Council, Mater Foundation, Royal Australian College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Women's Health Foundation - Norman Beischer Clinical Research Scholarship, Cerebral Palsy Alliance, University of Queensland Research Scholarship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan Triggs
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Level 3, Aubigny Place, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kylie Crawford
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Level 3, Aubigny Place, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jesrine Hong
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Level 3, Aubigny Place, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vicki Clifton
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Level 3, Aubigny Place, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sailesh Kumar
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Level 3, Aubigny Place, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Stillbirth, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Younger A, Ye W, Alkon A, Harknett K, Kirby MA, Elon L, Lovvorn AE, Wang J, Diaz-Artiga A, McCracken JP, Castañaza Gonzalez A, Alarcon LM, Mukeshimana A, Rosa G, Chiang M, Balakrishnan K, Garg SS, Pillarisetti A, Piedrahita R, Johnson MA, Craik R, Papageorghiou AT, Toenjes A, Williams KN, Underhill LJ, Hartinger SM, Nicolaou L, Chang HH, Naeher LP, Rosenthal J, Checkley W, Peel JL, Clasen TF, Thompson LM. Effects of a liquefied petroleum gas stove intervention on stillbirth, congenital anomalies and neonatal mortality: A multi-country household air pollution intervention network trial. Environ Pollut 2024; 345:123414. [PMID: 38286258 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Household air pollution (HAP) from cooking with solid fuels used during pregnancy has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial was a randomized controlled trial that assessed the impact of a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove and fuel intervention on health in Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda. Here we investigated the effects of the LPG stove and fuel intervention on stillbirth, congenital anomalies and neonatal mortality and characterized exposure-response relationships between personal exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), black carbon (BC) and carbon monoxide (CO) and these outcomes. Pregnant women (18 to <35 years of age; gestation confirmed by ultrasound at 9 to <20 weeks) were randomly assigned to intervention or control arms. We monitored these fetal and neonatal outcomes and personal exposure to PM2.5, BC and CO three times during pregnancy, we conducted intention-to-treat (ITT) and exposure-response (E-R) analyses to determine if the HAPIN intervention and corresponding HAP exposure was associated with the risk of fetal/neonatal outcomes. A total of 3200 women (mean age 25.4 ± 4.4 years, mean gestational age at randomization 15.4 ± 3.1 weeks) were included in this analysis. Relative risks for stillbirth, congenital anomaly and neonatal mortality were 0.99 (0.60, 1.66), 0.92 (95 % CI 0.52, 1.61), and 0.99 (0.54, 1.85), respectively, among women in the intervention arm compared to controls in an ITT analysis. Higher mean personal exposures to PM2.5, CO and BC during pregnancy were associated with a higher, but statistically non-significant, incidence of adverse outcomes. The LPG stove and fuel intervention did not reduce the risk of these outcomes nor did we find evidence supporting an association between personal exposures to HAP and stillbirth, congenital anomalies and neonatal mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Younger
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Wenlu Ye
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Abbey Alkon
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristen Harknett
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Miles A Kirby
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa Elon
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amy E Lovvorn
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, CA, USA
| | - Jiantong Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anaité Diaz-Artiga
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - John P McCracken
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Libny Monroy Alarcon
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | | | - Ghislaine Rosa
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Marilu Chiang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kalpana Balakrishnan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Air Quality, Climate and Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research (Deemed University), Chennai, India
| | - Sarada S Garg
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Air Quality, Climate and Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research (Deemed University), Chennai, India
| | - Ajay Pillarisetti
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Rachel Craik
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aris T Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ashley Toenjes
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kendra N Williams
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lindsay J Underhill
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stella M Hartinger
- Latin American Center of Excellence on Climate Change and Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Laura Nicolaou
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Howard H Chang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Luke P Naeher
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Joshua Rosenthal
- Division of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William Checkley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer L Peel
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Thomas F Clasen
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, CA, USA
| | - Lisa M Thompson
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, CA, USA; Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Yilmaz Yegit C, Yasa B, Ince EZ, Sarac Sivrikoz T, Coban A. An ongoing problem: Rhesus hemolytic disease of the newborn - A decade of experience in a single centre. Pediatr Neonatol 2024:S1875-9572(24)00022-6. [PMID: 38490905 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives were to evaluate the descriptive features of newborns with a diagnosis of Rhesus (Rh) hemolytic disease, to determine the morbidity and mortality rates, to evaluate the treatment methods and the factors affecting treatment requirements and clinical outcomes during a ten-year period at a tertiary center. METHODS Newborn infants who had a positive direct Coombs test and/or had a history of intrauterine transfusion (IUT) due to Rh hemolytic disease were included. The data regarding the prenatal, natal and postnatal periods were collected from hospital records. RESULTS A total of 260 neonates were included of which 51.2% were female. The mean ± standard deviation gestational age was 36.9 ± 2.7 weeks. The rate of preterm birth was 41.2%. Of 257 mothers whose obstetric medical history could be accessed, 87.2% were multigravida, whereas 76.3% were multiparous. Among mothers who had a reliable history of anti-D immunoglobulin prophylaxis (n=191), 51.3% had not received anti-D immunoglobulin prophylaxis in their previous pregnancies. The antenatal transfusion rate was 31.7% and the frequency of hydrops fetalis was 8.8%. While combined exchange transfusion (ET) and phototherapy (PT) was performed in 15.4% of the babies, the majority either needed phototherapy only (51.1%) or no treatment (33.5%). The mortality rate was 3.8 % (n = 10), and nine babies out of these 10 were those with severe hydrops fetalis. CONCLUSION This study showed that Rh hemolytic disease is still a major problem in developing countries. Multiple comorbidities may occur in addition to life threatening complications, including hydrops fetalis, anemia and severe hyperbilirubinemia. High rates of multiparity and low rates of anti-D immunoglobulin prophylaxis are potential barriers for the eradication of the disease. It should be remembered that Rh hemolytic disease is a preventable disease in the presence of appropriate antenatal follow-up and care facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Yilmaz Yegit
- Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Beril Yasa
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elmas Zeynep Ince
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugba Sarac Sivrikoz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asuman Coban
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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8
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Tiruneh GT, Odwe G, Kamberos AH, K'Oduol K, Fesseha N, Moraa Z, Gwaro H, Emaway D, Magge H, Nisar YB, Hirschhorn LR. Optimizing integration of community-based management of possible serious bacterial infection (PSBI) in young infants into primary healthcare systems in Ethiopia and Kenya: successes and challenges. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:280. [PMID: 38443956 PMCID: PMC10916061 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10679-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethiopia and Kenya have adopted the community-based integrated community case management (iCCM) of common childhood illnesses and newborn care strategy to improve access to treatment of infections in newborns and young infants since 2012 and 2018, respectively. However, the iCCM strategy implementation has not been fully integrated into the health system in both countries. This paper describes the extent of integration of iCCM program at the district/county health system level, related barriers to optimal integration and implementation of strategies. METHODS From November 2020 to August 2021, Ethiopia and Kenya implemented the community-based treatment of possible serious bacterial infection (PSBI) when referral to a higher facility is not possible using embedded implementation research (eIR) to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on the delivery of this life-saving intervention. Both projects conducted mixed methods research from April-May 2021 to identify barriers and facilitators and inform strategies and summative evaluations from June-July 2022 to monitor the effectiveness of implementation outcomes including integration of strategies. RESULTS Strategies identified as needed for successful implementation and sustainability of the management of PSBI integrated at the primary care level included continued coaching and support systems for frontline health workers, technical oversight from the district/county health system, and ensuring adequate supply of commodities. As a result, support and technical oversight capacity and collaborative learning were strengthened between primary care facilities and community health workers, resulting in improved bidirectional linkages. Improvement of PSBI treatment was seen with over 85% and 81% of estimated sick young infants identified and treated in Ethiopia and Kenya, respectively. However, perceived low quality of service, lack of community trust, and shortage of supplies remained barriers impeding optimal PSBI services access and delivery. CONCLUSION Pragmatic eIR identified shared and unique contextual challenges between and across the two countries which informed the design and implementation of strategies to optimize the integration of PSBI management into the health system during the COVID-19 pandemic. The eIR participatory design also strengthened ownership to operationalize the implementation of identified strategies needed to improve the health system's capacity for PSBI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizachew Tadele Tiruneh
- The Last Ten Kilometers (L10K) Project, JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | | | - Alexandra Haake Kamberos
- Feinberg School of Medicine and Havey Institute of Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Nebreed Fesseha
- The Last Ten Kilometers (L10K) Project, JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Dessalew Emaway
- The Last Ten Kilometers (L10K) Project, JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hema Magge
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA
| | - Yasir Bin Nisar
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lisa R Hirschhorn
- Feinberg School of Medicine and Havey Institute of Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Wilcox AJ, Snowden JM, Ferguson K, Hutcheon J, Basso O. On the study of fetal growth restriction: time to abandon SGA. Eur J Epidemiol 2024; 39:233-239. [PMID: 38429604 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-024-01098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Allen J Wilcox
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, PO Box 12233, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jonathan M Snowden
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University - Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kelly Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, PO Box 12233, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Jennifer Hutcheon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Olga Basso
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, 27701, Canada
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10
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Ishola F, Rosario C, Griffin S, Khosa C, Nandi A. Abortion Legal Reform and Neonatal Mortality in Mozambique. Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:587-595. [PMID: 38180548 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03876-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abortion law reforms have been hypothesized to influence reproductive, maternal, and neonatal health services and health outcomes, as well as social inequalities in health. In 2014, Mozambique legalized abortion in specific circumstances. However, due to challenges implementing the law, there is concern that it may have negatively influenced neonatal outcomes. METHODS Using a difference-in-differences design, we used birth history data collected via the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) between 2004 and 2018 to assemble a panel of 476 939 live births across 17 countries including Mozambique. We estimated the effect of the abortion reform on neonatal mortality by comparing Mozambique to a series of control countries that did not change their abortion policies. We also conducted stratified analyses to examine heterogeneity in effect estimates by household wealth, educational attainment, and rural/urban residence. RESULTS The reform was associated with an additional 5.6 (95% CI = 1.3, 9.9) neonatal deaths per 1,000 live birth. There was evidence of a differential effect of the reform, with a negative effect of the reform on neonatal outcomes for socially disadvantaged women, including those with no schooling, in poorer households, and living in rural areas. DISCUSSION Given the delay in implementation, our analyses suggest that abortion reform in Mozambique was associated with an initial increase in neonatal mortality particularly among socially disadvantaged women. This may be due to the delay in effective implementation, including the dissemination of clear guidelines and expansion of safe abortion services. Longer-term follow-up is needed to assess the impact of the reform after 2018, when services were expanded. Abortion legal reform without adequate implementation and enforcement is unlikely to be sufficient to improve abortion access and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foluso Ishola
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 17Y, Canada.
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada.
| | | | - Sally Griffin
- International Centre for Reproductive Health, Maputo, Mozambique.
| | - Celso Khosa
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene, Mozambique.
| | - Arijit Nandi
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 17Y, Canada.
- Institute for Health and Social Policy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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11
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Goupille P, Rollet Q, Prime L, Alexandre C, Dolley P, Dreyfus M. Extreme prematurity: Factors associated with perinatal management and morbi-mortality in western Normandy, France. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2024; 53:102735. [PMID: 38280456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2024.102735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extreme prematurity (birth before 26 weeks of gestation), presents complex challenges and can lead to various complications. Survival rates of extremely preterm infants are lower in France than in other countries. The choice between active and palliative care is decisive in managing these births. OBJECTIVE To conduct an observational study focused on factors associated with perinatal management, mortality, and morbidity outcomes among extremely preterm births in a regional perinatal network. METHODS We undertook a retrospective, multicenter study within the western Normandy perinatal network, encompassing live births between 230/6 and 256/6 weeks from 2015 to 2019. Data were extracted from the perinatal network database and medical records. RESULTS One hundred and seven infants born from 94 women were included. In the antenatal period, 79 were exposed to corticosteroids, 66 to magnesium sulfate, and 67 to antibiotics. Active care at birth was provided to 84 neonates of whom 42 survived. In total, 65 infants died. Among the 42 surviving neonates, 9 experienced no severe morbidity, 29 displayed one and 4 exhibited two criteria of severe morbidity. Active care was associated with gestational age. Neonatal survival was correlated with antenatal exposure to antibiotics and magnesium sulfate as well as with postnatal corticosteroids. We found no significant association between mortality and gestational age at birth. CONCLUSION Prognostic factors must be weighed to discuss active antenatal care which is crucial for survival of extremely preterm neonates. Cooperation between obstetricians and neonatal caregivers is a cornerstone on a regional perinatal network scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Goupille
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction Medicine, Caen University Hospital, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14033 Caen, France.
| | - Quentin Rollet
- U1086 "ANTICIPE" INSERM, University of Caen Normandy, Centre François Baclesse: 3, Avenue du Général Harris, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Ludovic Prime
- Perinatal Network, Caen University Hospital, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14033 Caen, France
| | - Cénéric Alexandre
- Department of Neonatology, Caen University Hospital, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14033 Caen, France
| | - Patricia Dolley
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction Medicine, Caen University Hospital, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14033 Caen, France
| | - Michel Dreyfus
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction Medicine, Caen University Hospital, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14033 Caen, France; University of Caen Normandy, Esplanade de la Paix - CS 14032 Cedex 05, Caen, France
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12
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Hong J, Crawford K, Jarrett K, Triggs T, Kumar S. Five-minute Apgar score and risk of neonatal mortality, severe neurological morbidity and severe non-neurological morbidity in term infants - an Australian population-based cohort study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2024; 44:101011. [PMID: 38292653 PMCID: PMC10825608 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to ascertain risks of neonatal mortality, severe neurological morbidity and severe non-neurological morbidity related to the 5-min Apgar score in early term (37+0-38+6 weeks), full term (39+0-40+6 weeks), late term (41+0-41+6 weeks), and post term (≥42+0 weeks) infants. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of 941,221 term singleton births between 2000 and 2018 in Queensland, Australia. Apgar scores at 5-min were categorized into five groups: Apgar 0 or 1, 2 or 3, 4-6, 7 or 8 and 9 or 10. Gestational age was stratified into 4 groups: Early term, full term, late term and post term. Three specific neonatal study outcomes were considered: 1) Neonatal mortality 2) Severe neurological morbidity and 3) Severe non-neurological morbidity. Poisson multivariable regression models were used to determine relative risk ratios for the effect of gestational age and Apgar scores on these severe neonatal outcomes. We hypothesized that a low Apgar score of <4 was significantly associated with increased risks of neonatal mortality, severe neurological morbidity and severe non-neurological morbidity. Findings Of the study cohort, 0.04% (345/941,221) were neonatal deaths, 0.70% (6627/941,221) were infants with severe neurological morbidity and 4.3% (40,693/941,221) had severe non-neurological morbidity. Infants with Apgar score <4 were more likely to birth at late term and post term gestations and have birthweights <3rd and <10th percentiles. The adjusted relative risk ratios (aRRR) for neonatal mortality and severe neurological morbidity were highest in the Apgar 0 or 1 cohort. For infants in the Apgar 0 or 1 group, neonatal mortality increased incrementally with advancing term gestation: early term (aRRR 860.16, 95% CI 560.96, 1318.94, p < 0.001); full term (aRRR 1835.77, 95% CI 1279.48, 2633.91, p < 0.001); late term (aRRR 1693.61, 95% CI 859.65, 3336.6, p < 0.001) and post term (aRRR 2231.59, 95% CI 272.23, 18293.07, p < 0.001) whilst severe neurological morbidity decreased as gestation progressed: early term (aRRR 158.48, 95% CI 118.74, 211.51, p < 0.001); full term (aRRR 112.99, 95% CI 90.56, 140.98, p < 0.001); late term (aRRR 87.94, 95% CI 67.09, 115.27, p < 0.001) and post term (aRRR 52.07, 95% CI 15.17, 178.70, p < 0.001). Severe non-neurological morbidity was greatest in the full term, Apgar 2-3 cohort (aRRR 7.36, 95% CI 6.2, 8.74, p < 0.001). Interpretation A 5-min Apgar score of <4 was prognostic of neonatal mortality, severe neurological morbidity, and severe non-neurological morbidity in infants born >37 weeks' gestation with the risk greatest in the early term cohort. Funding National Health and Medical Research Council and Mater Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesrine Hong
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Level 3, Aubigny Place, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kylie Crawford
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Level 3, Aubigny Place, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Kate Jarrett
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Level 3, Aubigny Place, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia
| | - Tegan Triggs
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Level 3, Aubigny Place, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Sailesh Kumar
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Level 3, Aubigny Place, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Stillbirth, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Dinis A, Fernandes Q, Wagenaar BH, Gimbel S, Weiner BJ, John-Stewart G, Birru E, Gloyd S, Etzioni R, Uetela D, Ramiro I, Gremu A, Augusto O, Tembe S, Mário JL, Chinai JE, Covele AF, Sáide CM, Manaca N, Sherr K. Implementation outcomes of the integrated district evidence to action (IDEAs) program to reduce neonatal mortality in central Mozambique: an application of the RE-AIM evaluation framework. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:164. [PMID: 38308300 PMCID: PMC10835896 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scarce evidence exists on audit and feedback implementation processes in low-resource health systems. The Integrated District Evidence to Action (IDEAs) is a multi-component audit and feedback strategy designed to improve the implementation of maternal and child guidelines in Mozambique. We report IDEAs implementation outcomes. METHODS IDEAs was implemented in 154 health facilities across 12 districts in Manica and Sofala provinces between 2016 and 2020 and evaluated using a quasi-experimental design guided by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. Reach is the proportion of pregnant women attending IDEAs facilities. Adoption is the proportion of facilities initiating audit and feedback meetings. Implementation is the fidelity to the strategy components, including readiness assessments, meetings (frequency, participation, action plan development), and targeted financial support and supervision. Maintenance is the sustainment at 12, 24, and 54 months. RESULTS Across both provinces, 56% of facilities were exposed to IDEAs (target 57%). Sixty-nine and 73% of pregnant women attended those facilities' first and fourth antenatal consultations (target 70%). All facilities adopted the intervention. 99% of the expected meetings occurred with an average interval of 5.9 out of 6 months. Participation of maternal and child managers was high, with 3076 attending meetings, of which 64% were from the facility, 29% from the district, and 7% from the province level. 97% of expected action plans were created, and 41 specific problems were identified. "Weak diagnosis or management of obstetric complications" was identified as the main problem, and "actions to reinforce norms and protocols" was the dominant subcategory of micro-interventions selected. Fidelity to semiannual readiness assessments was low (52% of expected facilities), and in completing micro-interventions (17% were completed). Ninety-six and 95% of facilities sustained the intervention at 12 and 24 months, respectively, and 71% had completed nine cycles at 54 months. CONCLUSION Maternal and child managers can lead audit and feedback processes in primary health care in Mozambique with high reach, adoption, and maintenance. The IDEAs strategy should be adapted to promote higher fidelity around implementing action plans and conducting readiness assessments. Adding effectiveness to these findings will help to inform strategy scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneth Dinis
- National Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo City, Mozambique.
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Quinhas Fernandes
- National Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo City, Mozambique
| | - Bradley H Wagenaar
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah Gimbel
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Child, Family & Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bryan J Weiner
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Grace John-Stewart
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ermyas Birru
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen Gloyd
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ruth Etzioni
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Artur Gremu
- Comité para Saúde de Moçambique, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Orvalho Augusto
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Stélio Tembe
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Nélia Manaca
- Comité para Saúde de Moçambique, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Kenneth Sherr
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Oyugi B, Nizalova O, Kendall S, Peckham S. Does a free maternity policy in Kenya work? Impact and cost-benefit consideration based on demographic health survey data. Eur J Health Econ 2024; 25:77-89. [PMID: 36781615 PMCID: PMC10799835 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-023-01575-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper evaluates the overall effect of the Kenyan free maternity policy (FMP) on the main outcomes (early neonatal and neonatal deaths) and intermediate outcomes (delivery through Caesarean Section (CS), skilled birth attendance (SBA), birth in a public hospital and low birth weight (LBW)) using the 2014 Demographic Health Survey. We applied the difference-in-difference (DID) approach to compare births (to the same mothers) happening before and after the start of the policy (June 2013) and a limited cost-benefit analysis (CBA) to assess the net social benefit of the FMP. The probabilities of birth resulting in early neonatal and neonatal mortality are significantly reduced by 17-21% and 19-20%, respectively, after the FMP introduction. The probability of birth happening through CS reduced by 1.7% after implementing the FMP, while that of LBW birth is increased by 3.7% though not statistically significant. SBA and birth in a public facility did not moderate the policy's effects on early neonatal mortality, neonatal mortality, and delivery through CS. They were not significant determinants of the policy effects on the outcomes. There is a significant causal impact of the FMP in reducing the probability of early neonatal and neonatal mortality, but not the delivery through CS. The FMP cost-to-benefit ratio was 21.22, and there were on average 4015 fewer neonatal deaths in 2013/2014 due to the FMP. The net benefits are higher than the costs; thus, there is a need to expand and sustainably fund the FMP to avert more neonatal deaths potentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boniface Oyugi
- Centre for Health Services Studies (CHSS), University of Kent, George Allen Wing, Canterbury, CT2 7NF, England.
- University of Nairobi, College of Health Sciences, P.O BOX 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Olena Nizalova
- Centre for Health Services Studies (CHSS), University of Kent, George Allen Wing, Canterbury, CT2 7NF, England
- Personal Social Services Research Unit (PSSRU), University of Kent, Cornwallis Central, Canterbury, CT2 7NF, England
- School of Economics, University of Kent, Kennedy Building, Canterbury, CT2 7FS, England
| | - Sally Kendall
- Centre for Health Services Studies (CHSS), University of Kent, George Allen Wing, Canterbury, CT2 7NF, England
| | - Stephen Peckham
- Centre for Health Services Studies (CHSS), University of Kent, George Allen Wing, Canterbury, CT2 7NF, England
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Kim H, Buckley A, Guo B, Kulshreshtha V, Geelen AV, Montiel N, Lager K, Yoon KJ. Experimental Seneca Valley virus infection in sows and their offspring. Vet Microbiol 2024; 289:109958. [PMID: 38181600 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Neonatal mortality has been increasingly reported on swine breeding farms experiencing swine idiopathic vesicular disease (SIVD) outbreaks, which can be accompanied by lethargy, diarrhea, and neurologic signs in neonates. Seneca Valley Virus (SVV), or Senecavirus A, has been detected in clinical samples taken from pigs with SIVD. Experimental SVV inoculation has caused vesicular disease in pigs, particularly during the stages from weaning to finishing. However, it remains crucial to investigate whether SVV directly contributes to the increase in neonatal mortality rates. The following study was conducted to chronicle the pathogenesis of SVV infection in sows and their offspring. Ten sows were intranasally inoculated with 4.75 × 107 plaque-forming units of the virus per sow either late in gestation (n = 5) or within fourteen days of farrowing (n = 5). Each sow replicated SVV following intranasal inoculation, but only one out of ten sows developed a vesicular lesion on the snout. Evidence of transplacental infection was observed in two litters, and an additional two litters became infected following parturition out of five litters from sows inoculated in late gestation. No clinical signs were observed in the infected neonates. Likewise, no clinical signs were observed in the other five litters inoculated after farrowing, although each piglet did replicate the challenge virus. In this study, the experimental challenge of SVV did not result in neonatal mortality in contrast to observations in the field; however, it has shed light on the pathogenesis of the virus, the transmission of SVV between sows and their offspring, and host immune response that can help shape control measures in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Alexandra Buckley
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Baoqing Guo
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Vikas Kulshreshtha
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Albert van Geelen
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Nestor Montiel
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Kelly Lager
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Kyoung-Jin Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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Simeoni S, Frova L, De Curtis M. Infant mortality in Italy: large geographic and ethnic inequalities. Ital J Pediatr 2024; 50:5. [PMID: 38233856 PMCID: PMC10795306 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal and infant mortality rates are among the most significant indicators for assessing a country's healthcare and social development. This study examined the trends in neonatal, post-neonatal, and infant mortality in Italy from 2016 to 2020 and analysed differences between children of Italian and foreign parents based on areas of residence, as well as the leading causes of death. Special attention was given to the analysis of mortality in 2020, the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic, and its comparison with previous years. METHODS Data from 2016 to 2020 were collected by the Italian National Institute of Statistics and extracted from two national databases, the Causes of Death register and Live births registered in the population register. Neonatal, post-neonatal, and infant mortality rates were calculated using conventional definitions. The main analyses were conducted by comparing Italian citizens to foreigners and contrasting residents of the North with those of the South. Group comparisons were made using mortality rate ratios. The main causes of death were examined, and Poisson log-linear regression models were employed to investigate the relationships between mortality rate ratios for each cause of death and citizenship, place of residence and calendar year. RESULTS In Italy, in 2020, the neonatal mortality rate was 1.76 deaths per thousand live births and it was 55% higher in foreign children than in Italian children. Foreign children had a higher mortality rate than Italians for almost all significant causes of death. Children born in the South of Italy, both Italian and foreign, had an infant mortality rate about 70% higher than residents in the North. Regions with higher infant mortality were Calabria, Sicily, Campania, and Apulia. In the South, mortality from neonatal respiratory distress and prematurity was higher. In the first months of 2020, between March and June, the first Covid-19 wave, Italy experienced an increase in neonatal and infant mortality compared to the same period in 2016-2019, not directly related to SARS-CoV-19 infection. The primary cause was neonatal respiratory distress. CONCLUSIONS The neonatal and infant mortality rates indicate the persistence of profound inequalities in Italy between the North and the South and between Italian and foreign children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Simeoni
- ISTAT, Direzione Centrale Per Le Statistiche Sociali E Il Welfare, Servizio Sistema Integrato Salute, Assistenza e Previdenza, Istituto Nazionale Di Statistica, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luisa Frova
- ISTAT, Direzione Centrale Per Le Statistiche Sociali E Il Welfare, Servizio Sistema Integrato Salute, Assistenza e Previdenza, Istituto Nazionale Di Statistica, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario De Curtis
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile, Università Degli Studi Di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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17
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Karami B, Abbasi M, Tajvar M. Determinants of Neonatal, Infant and Child Mortalities in Iran: A Systematic Review. Iran J Public Health 2024; 53:104-115. [PMID: 38694862 PMCID: PMC11058371 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v53i1.14687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Children mortality is considered as one of the main indicators of population development and health, while most of the children's deaths are preventable. This study systematically reviewed the determinants of children mortality in Iran. Methods This systematic review was conducted to summarize all the factors associated with children mortality in three age groups; Neonate (0-28 d), Infant (28 d-1 yr old) and children (<5 yr old), based on the PRISMA guideline. Many of the electronic international and national databases, in addition to hand searching of reference of selected articles, grey literature, formal and informal reports and government documents were screened to identify potential records up to Jan 2022. We included all studies that identified determinants of child mortality in any province of Iran or the whole country, without any restriction. Results Overall, 32 studies were included, published between 2000 and 2022, of which 23 were cross-sectional and 15 published in Farsi language. The associations between several risk factors (n=69) and the child mortality were examined. Among the identified factors, 'birth weight', 'mother's literacy', 'socioeconomic status', 'delivery type', 'gestational age', 'pregnancy interval', 'immaturity', 'type of nutrition', and 'stillbirth' were the most important mentioned determinants of child mortality in Iran. Conclusion Appropriate interventions and policies should be developed and implemented in Iran, addressing the main identified associated factors, resulting from this review study, with the aim of minimizing preventable child deaths, based on their age categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badriyeh Karami
- Behavioral Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahya Abbasi
- Department of Health Management, Policy and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Tajvar
- Department of Health Management, Policy and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Kalter HD, Koffi AK, Perin J, Kamwe MA, Black RE. Maternal interventions to decrease stillbirths and neonatal mortality in Tanzania: evidence from the 2017-18 cross-sectional Tanzania verbal and social autopsy study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:849. [PMID: 38082404 PMCID: PMC10714492 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduction of Tanzania's neonatal mortality rate has lagged behind that for all under-fives, and perinatal mortality has remained stagnant over the past two decades. We conducted a national verbal and social autopsy (VASA) study to estimate the causes and social determinants of stillbirths and neonatal deaths with the aim of identifying relevant health care and social interventions. METHODS A VASA interview was conducted of all stillbirths and neonatal deaths in the prior 5 years identified by the 2015-16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey. We evaluated associations of maternal complications with antepartum and intrapartum stillbirth and leading causes of neonatal death; conducted descriptive analyses of antenatal (ANC) and delivery care and mothers' careseeking for complications; and developed logistic regression models to examine factors associated with delivery place and mode. RESULTS There were 204 stillbirths, with 185 able to be classified as antepartum (88 [47.5%]) or intrapartum (97 [52.5%]), and 228 neonatal deaths. Women with an intrapartum stillbirth were 6.5% (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.065, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.002, 1.132) more likely to have a C-section for every additional hour before delivery after reaching the birth attendant. Antepartum hemorrhage (APH), maternal anemia, and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) were significantly positively associated with early neonatal mortality due to preterm delivery, intrapartum-related events and serious infection, respectively. While half to two-thirds of mothers made four or more ANC visits (ANC4+), a third or fewer received quality ANC (Q-ANC). Women with a complication were more likely to deliver at hospital only if they received Q-ANC (neonates: aOR = 4.5, 95% CI 1.6, 12.3) or ANC4+ (stillbirths: aOR = 11.8, 95% CI 3.6, 38.0). Nevertheless, urban residence was the strongest predictor of hospital delivery. CONCLUSIONS While Q-ANC and ANC4 + boosted hospital delivery among women with a complication, attendance was low and the quality of care is critical. Quality improvement efforts in urban and rural areas should focus on early detection and management of APH, maternal anemia, PROM, and prolonged labor, and on newborn resuscitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry D Kalter
- Department of International Health, Institute for International Programs, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
| | - Alain K Koffi
- Department of International Health, Health Systems, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Jamie Perin
- Department of International Health, Institute for International Programs, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Mlemba A Kamwe
- National Bureau of Statistics, Dodoma, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Robert E Black
- Department of International Health, Institute for International Programs, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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Fadaleh SMA, Pell LG, Yasin M, Farrar DS, Khan SH, Tanner Z, Paracha S, Madhani F, Bassani DG, Ahmed I, Soofi SB, Taljaard M, Spitzer RF, Bhutta ZA, Morris SK. An integrated newborn care kit (iNCK) to save newborn lives and improve health outcomes in Gilgit Baltistan (GB), Pakistan: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2480. [PMID: 38082395 PMCID: PMC10714624 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17322-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ongoing high neonatal mortality rates (NMRs) represent a global challenge. In 2021, of the 5 million deaths reported worldwide for children under five years of age, 47% were newborns. Pakistan has one of the five highest national NMRs in the world, with an estimated 39 neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births. Reducing newborn deaths requires sustainable, evidence-based, and cost-effective interventions that can be integrated within existing community healthcare infrastructure across regions with high NMR. METHODS This pragmatic, community-based, parallel-arm, open-label, cluster randomized controlled trial aims to estimate the effect of Lady Health Workers (LHWs) providing an integrated newborn care kit (iNCK) with educational instructions to pregnant women in their third trimester, compared to the local standard of care in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, on neonatal mortality and other newborn and maternal health outcomes. The iNCK contains a clean birth kit, 4% chlorhexidine topical gel, sunflower oil emollient, a ThermoSpot™ temperature monitoring sticker, a fleece blanket, a click-to-heat reusable warmer, three 200 μg misoprostol tablets, and a pictorial instruction guide and diary. LHWs are also provided with a handheld scale to weigh the newborn. The primary study outcome is neonatal mortality, defined as a newborn death in the first 28 days of life. DISCUSSION This study will generate policy-relevant knowledge on the effectiveness of integrating evidence-based maternal and newborn interventions and delivering them directly to pregnant women via existing community health infrastructure, for reducing neonatal mortality and morbidity, in a remote, mountainous area with a high NMR. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04798833, March 15, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Abu Fadaleh
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa G Pell
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Yasin
- Gilgit Regional Office, Aga Khan Health Service - Pakistan, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - Daniel S Farrar
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sher Hafiz Khan
- Gilgit Regional Office, Aga Khan Health Service - Pakistan, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - Zachary Tanner
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shariq Paracha
- Aga Khan Health Service - Pakistan, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Falak Madhani
- Aga Khan Health Service - Pakistan, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
- Brain and Mind Institute, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Diego G Bassani
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Imran Ahmed
- Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Sajid B Soofi
- Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Monica Taljaard
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel F Spitzer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Section of Gynecology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
- Institute for Global Health & Development, The Aga Khan University, South-Central Asia & East Africa, Karachi, Pakistan
- Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Shaun K Morris
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
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Tiruye G, Shiferaw K. Antenatal Care Reduces Neonatal Mortality in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Matern Child Health J 2023; 27:2064-2076. [PMID: 37789167 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03765-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal deaths remain a serious public health concern in Ethiopia; being one of the top five countries contributing to half of the neonatal deaths worldwide. Although antenatal care (ANC) is assumed as one of the viable options that contribute to neonatal survival, findings from original studies indicated disparities in the effect of ANC on neonatal mortality. Thus, this review aimed to determine the pooled effect of ANC on neonatal mortality in Ethiopia. METHODS Databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, HINARI, and Cochrane Central Library were searched for articles using keywords. Selection of eligible articles and data extraction were conducted by an independent author. The risk of a bias assessment tool for non-randomized studies was used to assess the quality of the articles. Comprehensive meta-analysis version 2 software was used for meta-analysis. Heterogeneity and publication bias of included studies were assessed using I2 test statistic and Egger test, respectively. The random-effect model was employed; an outcome is reported using a risk ratio with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Of 28 included studies, 20 showed receiving at least one ANC visit had a significant association with neonatal mortality. Accordingly, the estimated pooled risk ratio for neonatal mortality was 0.59 (95% CI 0.45, 0.77) among infants born to women who had at least one ANC visit compared to infants born to women who had no ANC visits. CONCLUSION This finding indicated that neonatal mortality was decreased among infants born to women who had at least one ANC visit compared to infants born to women who had no ANC visit. Therefore, promoting and strengthening ANC service utilization during pregnancy would accelerate the reduction of neonatal mortality in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getahun Tiruye
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kasiye Shiferaw
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
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21
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Kumar J, Saini SS, Kumar P. Care During Labour, Childbirth, and Immediate Newborn Care in India: A Review. Indian J Pediatr 2023; 90:20-28. [PMID: 37380919 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-023-04721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
India is committed to achieve a single-digit neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and stillbirth rate (SBR) by 2030 through India Newborn Action Plan (INAP) 2014. However, the current rate of decline is not enough to achieve the target neonatal mortality rate. Course correction and renewed efforts are required. This review outlines the current scenario and proposed scale-up of services included during labour, childbirth, and the immediate newborn period. The article summarises the challenges and bottlenecks in achieving a reduction in neonatal mortality rate and INAP targets. India has achieved over 80% coverage of three of the four ENAP coverage targets, but antenatal care coverage is still poor. There are concerns about the quality and completeness of antenatal care visits and other program interventions. The ongoing quality assurance should be strengthened through continuous supportive supervision by involving the medical colleges in a hub and spoke model and other key stakeholders. There is a need for effective and strategic engagement of the private sector in these initiatives. The states need to systematically assess the gaps as per population requirements and find effective solutions to overcome them quickly. The state and district-wise data maps show immense variations in coverage between states and within states, mirroring the variations in NMR. This indicates the need to ensure contextual micro-plans and provides an opportunity for the districts and states to learn from each other. The recent initiatives to strengthen primary healthcare should be used as a platform for all stillbirth and neonatal mortality prevention interventions in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jogender Kumar
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shiv Sajan Saini
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Thornton HV, Cornish RP, Lawlor DA. Non-linear associations of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index with risk of stillbirth, infant, and neonatal mortality in over 28 million births in the USA: a retrospective cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 66:102351. [PMID: 38125933 PMCID: PMC10730341 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Higher maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) has been associated with higher risk of stillbirth, infant and neonatal mortality. Studies exploring underweight have varied in their conclusions. Our aim was to examine the risk of stillbirth, infant and neonatal mortality across the BMI distribution and establish a likely healthy BMI range. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we used publicly available datasets (covering 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2021) from the US National Center for Health Statistics National Vital Statistics System. All births were eligible; analyses included those with non-missing data. Fractional polynomial multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the associations of maternal pre-pregnant BMI with stillbirth (birth with no signs of life at ≥24 weeks), infant mortality (death of a live born baby aged <365 days) and neonatal mortality (death of a live born baby aged <28 days). Findings There were 77,896/28,310,154 (2.8 per 1000 births) stillbirths, 143,620/28,231,807 (5.1 per 1000 live births) infant deaths and 94,246/28,231,807 (3.3 per 1000 live births) neonatal deaths among complete cases. Mean (SD) BMI was 27.1 kg/m2 (6.7 kg/m2). We found non-linear associations between BMI and all three outcomes; risk was elevated at both low and high BMIs although, for stillbirth, the increased risk at low BMI was less marked than for infant/neonatal mortality. The lowest risk was at a BMI of 21 kg/m2 for infant and neonatal mortality and 19 kg/m2 for stillbirth. Interpretation Public health messaging for preconception and postnatal care should focus on healthy weight to maximise maternal and child health, and not focus solely on maternal overweight or obesity. Funding European Research Council, US National Institute of Health, UK Medical Research Council and National Institute for Health and Care Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah V. Thornton
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rosie P. Cornish
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Deborah A. Lawlor
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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23
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Ushida T, Nakatochi M, Kobayashi Y, Nakamura N, Fuma K, Iitani Y, Imai K, Sato Y, Hayakawa M, Kajiyama H, Kotani T. Antenatal corticosteroids and outcomes of small for gestational age infants born at 24-31 gestational weeks: a population-based propensity score matching analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023; 308:1463-1471. [PMID: 36352162 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of antenatal corticosteroid (ACS) treatment on neonatal outcomes in small for gestational age (SGA) infants born at 24-31 gestational weeks compared with non-SGA infants. METHODS A population-based retrospective study was conducted that analyzed clinical data from the Neonatal Research Network of Japan database, which enrolls neonates born at < 32 gestational weeks and weighing 1500 g or less (n = 22,414). Propensity score matching (with the ratio of ACS to no-ACS groups of 1:1) was performed in SGA (n = 7028) and non-SGA (n = 15,386) infants, respectively. Univariate logistic and interaction analyses were performed to compare the short-term neonatal outcomes of infants with and without ACS treatment in utero. RESULTS In the SGA and non-SGA infants, ACS treatment significantly reduced in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 0.67 95% confidence interval [0.50-0.88] and 0.62 [0.50-0.78], respectively), respiratory distress syndrome (0.77 [0.69-0.87] and 0.63 [0.58-0.68], respectively), and composite adverse outcomes (0.73 [0.58-0.91] and 0.57 [0.50-0.65], respectively). ACS treatment also significantly reduced intraventricular hemorrhage (grade III/IV), periventricular leukomalacia, and sepsis in the non-SGA infants, but not in the SGA infants. However, interaction analyses revealed no significant differences between the SGA and non-SGA infants in the efficacy of ACS treatment on short-term outcomes except for respiratory distress syndrome. CONCLUSIONS ACS treatment was associated with beneficial effects on mortality, respiratory distress syndrome, and adverse composite outcomes in extremely and very preterm SGA infants, with similar efficacy on all neonatal outcomes except for respiratory distress syndrome observed in the non-SGA infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Ushida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
- Division of Perinatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kobayashi
- Data Science Division, Data Coordinating Center, Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuya Fuma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yukako Iitani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kenji Imai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sato
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hayakawa
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kotani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
- Division of Perinatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
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Mehl SC, Portuondo JI, Tian Y, Raval MV, King A, Rialon KL, Vogel AM, Wesson DE, Shah SR, Massarweh NN. Hospital Variation in Mortality and Failure to Rescue after Surgery for High-Risk Neonatal Diagnoses. Neonatology 2023; 121:34-45. [PMID: 37844560 DOI: 10.1159/000533825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A large proportion of postoperative mortality after pediatric surgery occurs among neonates with specific high-risk diagnoses. The extent to which there is hospital-level mortality variation among patients with these diagnoses and whether this variation is associated with differences in failure to rescue (FTR) is unclear. METHODS The Pediatric Health Information System® database (2012-2020) was used to identify patients who underwent surgery for eight high-risk neonatal diagnoses: gastroschisis; volvulus; necrotizing enterocolitis; intestinal atresia; meconium peritonitis; tracheoesophageal fistula; congenital diaphragmatic hernia; and perinatal intestinal perforation. Hospitals were stratified into tertiles of reliability-adjusted inpatient mortality rates (lower than average mortality - tertile 1 [T1]; higher than average mortality - tertile 3 [T3]). Multivariable hierarchical regression was used to evaluate the association between hospital-level, reliability-adjusted mortality and FTR. RESULTS Overall, 20,838 infants were identified across 48 academic, pediatric hospitals. Adjusted hospital mortality rates ranged from 4.0% (95% CI, 0.0-8.2) to 16.3% (12.2-20.4). Median case volume (range, 80-1,238) and number of NICU beds (range, 24-126) were not significantly different across hospital tertiles. Compared to the hospitals with the lowest postoperative mortality (T1), the odds of FTR were significantly higher in hospitals with the highest (T3) postoperative mortality (odds ratio 1.97 [1.50-2.59]). CONCLUSIONS Significant variation in neonatal hospital mortality for high-risk diagnoses does not appear to be explained by hospital structural characteristics. Rather, difference in FTR suggests quality improvement interventions targeting early recognition and management of postoperative complications could improve surgical quality and safety for high-risk neonatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Mehl
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jorge I Portuondo
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yao Tian
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mehul V Raval
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alice King
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kristy L Rialon
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Adam M Vogel
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David E Wesson
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Nader N Massarweh
- Surgical and Perioperative Care, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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25
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Zhang Z, Xiao Q, Luo J. Infant death prediction using machine learning: A population-based retrospective study. Comput Biol Med 2023; 165:107423. [PMID: 37672926 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite declines in infant death rates in recent decades in the United States, the national goal of reducing infant death has not been reached. This study aims to predict infant death using machine-learning approaches. METHODS A population-based retrospective study of live births in the United States between 2016 and 2021 was conducted. Thirty-three factors related to birth facility, prenatal care and pregnancy history, labor and delivery, and newborn characteristics were used to predict infant death. RESULTS XGBoost demonstrated superior performance compared to the other four compared machine learning models. The original imbalanced dataset yielded better results than the balanced datasets created through oversampling procedures. The cross-validation of the XGBoost-based model consistently achieved high performance during both the pre-pandemic (2016-2019) and pandemic (2020-2021) periods. Specifically, the XGBoost-based model performed exceptionally well in predicting neonatal death (AUC: 0.98). The key predictors of infant death were identified as gestational age, birth weight, 5-min APGAR score, and prenatal visits. A simplified model based on these four predictors resulted in slightly inferior yet comparable performance to the all-predictor model (AUC: 0.91 vs. 0.93). Furthermore, the four-factor risk classification system effectively identified infant deaths in 2020 and 2021 for high-risk (88.7%-89.0%), medium-risk (4.6%-5.4%), and low-risk groups (0.1), outperforming the risk screening tool based on accumulated risk factors. CONCLUSIONS XGBoost-based models excel in predicting infant death, providing valuable prognostic information for perinatal care education and counselling. The simplified four-predictor classification system could serve as a practical alternative for infant death risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zhang
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Goergen Institute for Data Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Qinqin Xiao
- Goergen Institute for Data Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; The Warner School of Education and Human Development, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jiebo Luo
- Goergen Institute for Data Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Darmstadt GL, Al Jaifi NH, Ariff S, Bahl R, Blennow M, Cavallera V, Chou D, Chou R, Comrie-Thomson L, Edmond K, Feng Q, Riera PF, Grummer-Strawn L, Gupta S, Hill Z, Idowu AA, Kenner C, Kirabira VN, Klinkott R, De Leon-Mendoza S, Mader S, Manji K, Marriott R, Morgues M, Nangia S, Rao S, Shahidullah M, Tran HT, Weeks AD, Worku B, Yunis K. Research priorities for care of preterm or low birth weight infants: health policy. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 63:102126. [PMID: 37753444 PMCID: PMC10518498 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Research priorities for preterm or low birth weight (LBW) infants were advanced in 2012, and other research priority-setting exercises since then have included more limited, context-specific research priorities pertaining to preterm infants. While developing new World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for care of preterm or LBW infants, we conducted a complementary research prioritisation exercise. A diverse, globally representative guideline development group (GDG) of experts - all authors of this paper along with WHO steering group for preterm-LBW guidelines - was assembled by the WHO to examine evidence and consider a variety of factors in intervention effectiveness and implementation, leading to 25 new recommendations and one good practice statement for care of preterm or LBW infants. The GDG generated research questions (RQs) based on contributions to improvements in care and outcomes of preterm or LBW infants, public health impacts, answerability, knowledge gaps, feasibility of implementation, and promotion of equity, and then ranked the RQs based on their likelihood to further change or influence the WHO guidelines for the care of preterm or LBW infants in the future. Thirty-six priority RQs were identified, 32 (89%) of which focused on aspects of intervention effectiveness, and the remaining four addressed implementation ("how") questions. Of the top 12 RQs, seven focused on further advancing new recommendations - such as family involvement and support in caring for preterm or LBW infants, emollient therapy, probiotics, immediate KMC for critically ill newborns, and home visits for post-discharge follow-up of preterm or LBW infants - and three RQs addressed issues of feeding (breastmilk promotion, milk banks, individualized feeding). RQs prioritised here will be critical for optimising the effectiveness and delivery of new WHO recommendations for care of preterm or LBW infants. The RQs encompass unanswered research priorities for preterm or LBW infants from prior prioritisation exercises which were conducted using Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) methodology. Funding Nil.
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Adongo EA, Ganle JK. Predictors of neonatal mortality in Ghana: evidence from 2017 Ghana maternal health survey. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:556. [PMID: 37533034 PMCID: PMC10394848 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05877-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal mortality contributes about 47% of child mortality globally and over 50% of under-5 deaths in Ghana. There is limited population level analysis done in Ghana on predictors of neonatal mortality. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to examine the predictors of neonatal mortality in Ghana. METHOD This study utilizes secondary data from the 2017 Ghana Maternal Health Survey (GMHS). The GMHS survey focuses on population and household characteristics, health, nutrition, and lifestyle with particular emphasis on topics that affect the lives of newborns and women, including mortality levels, fertility preferences and family planning methods. A total of 10,624 respondents were included in the study after data cleaning. Descriptive statistical techniques were used to describe important background characteristics of the women and Pearson's Chi-squares (χ2) test used to assess association between the outcome (neonatal death) and independent variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to estimate odd ratios and potential confounders controlled. Confidence level was held at 95%, and a p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data analysis was done using STATA 15. RESULTS The prevalence of neonatal mortality was 18 per 1000 live births. ANC attendance, sex of baby, and skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth were predictors of neonatal mortality. Women with at least one ANC visit were less likely to experience neonatal mortality as compared to women with no ANC visit prior to delivery (AOR = 0.11; CI = 0.02-0.56, p = 0.01). Girls were less likely (AOR = 0.68; CI = 0.47-0.98; p = 0.03) to die during the neonatal period as compared to boys. Neonates who were not put skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth were 2.6 times more likely to die within the neonatal period than those who were put skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth (AOR = 2.59; CI = 1.75-3.83, p = 0.00). CONCLUSION Neonatal mortality remains a public health concern in Ghana, with an estimated rate of 18 deaths per 1,000 live births. Maternal and neonatal factors such as the sex of the newborn, the number of antenatal care visits, and skin-to-skin contact between the newborn and mother immediately after birth are the predictors of neonatal mortality in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ayire Adongo
- World Child Cancer, Moorfields House, Slater Avenue, Korle Bu, P. O. Box KB273, Accra, Ghana
- Ghana College of Nurses and Midwives, 214 Westlands Residential Area, Accra, Ghana
| | - John Kuumuori Ganle
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra Ghana
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Memon Z, Fridman D, Soofi S, Ahmed W, Muhammad S, Rizvi A, Ahmed I, Wright J, Cousens S, Bhutta ZA. Predictors and disparities in neonatal and under 5 mortality in rural Pakistan: cross sectional analysis. Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia 2023; 15:100231. [PMID: 37614356 PMCID: PMC10442969 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Adopted in 2015, the sustainable development goals (SDGs) have set specific targets (SDG 3.2) for countries to reduce their neonatal mortality rate (NMR) to below 12 deaths per 1000 live births and under 5 mortality rate (U5MR) to below 25 deaths per 1000 live births by 2030. For Pakistan to achieve these targets, there is a need to measure these rates and understand the predictors of child mortality at sub-national level. Launched in 2016, the Umeed-e-Nau (UeN) or New Hope project is based on scaling up proven and effective Maternal and Newborn Child Health (MNCH) interventions in 8 of the highest burden districts of the country, using existing public sector platforms in Pakistan at both the community and facility level. The primary aim of the project is to reduce perinatal mortality in these districts by 20% from baseline. Methods We report overall neonatal and post neonatal mortality rates for the two years preceding the UeN baseline household survey. Rates were calculated using the synthetic cohort probability method and predictors of neonatal and post neonatal mortality examined using Cox regression. To investigate spatial variations in the mortality rates, we calculated Moran's I at the district level using predicted probabilities of mortality. Finally, we create district level maps of predicted under 5 child mortality using a stochastic partial differentiation approach. Findings A total of 26,258 children contributed to the analysis of mortality with 838 deaths in the neonatal period and 2236 under-5 deaths during the observation period from March 1, 2015 to March 17, 2017. Overall, we estimated the NMR to be 29.2 per 1000 live births (95% CI: 26.9-31.4) and the U5MR to be 86.1 per 1000 live births (95% CI: 85.5-86.8). We found evidence of within-district geospatial clustering of under 5 mortality (P < 0.0001) and that social factors (poverty, illiteracy, multiparity), poor coverage of community health workers and distance from health facilities were strongly associated with child mortality. Interpretation Important factors associated with neonatal and post-neonatal mortality in our study population included maternal education, parity, household size and gender. Additionally, antenatal care coverage (at least 4 visits) was specifically associated with neonatal mortality only, whereas, LHW coverage and distance to health facility were strongly associated with post-neonatal mortality. These findings emphasise the need for comprehensive, multisectoral strategies to be implemented for future maternal and child health programs and outreach services in rural areas. Funding The study was funded by an unrestricted grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to the Aga Khan University (Grant OPP 1148892).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Memon
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Daniel Fridman
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sajid Soofi
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Wardah Ahmed
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shah Muhammad
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Arjumand Rizvi
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ahmed
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - James Wright
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Simon Cousens
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
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Takramah WK, Aheto JMK. Multilevel modelling of neonatal mortality in Ghana: Does household and community levels matter? Heliyon 2023; 9:e18961. [PMID: 37600403 PMCID: PMC10432984 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neonatal mortality accounts for an increasing share of under-five deaths, and they are declining at a slower rate than postnatal deaths. Apparently, neonatal mortality is increasingly becoming a major public health problem in Ghana and the world over. The current study sought to analyze neonatal mortality as a function of predictor variables and to estimate and understand unobserved household and community-level residual effects on neonatal mortality to provide data driven evidence to shape informed policies and interventions aimed at reducing the neonatal mortality burden. Methods The current study extracted three-level complex data on 5884 children born in the five years preceding the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. A two-level and three-level multilevel logistic models were applied to estimate unobserved household and community-level variations in neonatal mortality in the presence of set of predictor variables. Sampling weights were incorporated in both the descriptive and inferential analysis since the data used emanated from a complex survey. Model fit statistics such as AIC scores for a weighted two-level and three-level random intercept logistic models were compared. The model with the lowest AIC score was considered the most preferred model. Results The household-level random intercept model suggested that the odds of neonatal mortality was higher among multiple births [OR = 3.15 (95% CI: 1.17, 8.50)], babies born to mothers who received prenatal care from non-skilled worker [OR = 5.88 (95% CI: 2.90, 11.91)], babies delivered through caesarian section [OR = 2.47 (95% CI: 1.06, 5.79)], a household with 1-4 members [OR = 10.23 (95% CI: 4.17, 25.50)], a short preceding birth interval (<24 months) [OR = 3.05 (95% CI: 1.18, 7.88)], and preceding birth interval between 24 and 47 months [OR = 2.88 (95% CI: 1.41, 5.91)]. Substantial unobserved household-level residual variations in neonatal mortality were observed. Conclusion The findings of the current study provide an actionable information to be used by government and other stakeholders in the health sector to renew commitment to reduce neonatal mortality to an acceptable level. There is the need to intensify maternal health education by health providers to encourage pregnant women to visit antenatal clinics at least four times so they could benefit substantially from ANC services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisdom Kwami Takramah
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Justice Moses K. Aheto
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- WorldPop, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
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Kassie A, Kassie M, Bantie B, Bogale TW, Aynalem ZB. Neonatal Mortality at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia Over 5 years: Trends and Associated Factors. Clin Med Insights Pediatr 2023; 17:11795565231187500. [PMID: 37529621 PMCID: PMC10387765 DOI: 10.1177/11795565231187500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, neonatal mortality remains a serious catastrophic problem for newborns, particularly in a low-resource setting. There were no neonatal mortality trend studies in the study area. Objective This study aimed to determine the trends and risk factors of neonatal mortality at the neonatal intensive care unit of Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 870 admitted neonates from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020 in the neonatal intensive care unit by a stratified simple random sampling technique. Data were entered into EpiData and then exported to STATA 14.0 for analysis. A linear regression statistical model was used for trend analysis and binary logistic regression was carried out to identify explanatory variables of neonatal mortality. Results Overall, neonatal mortality averagely increased by 2.1% per year throughout the 5 consecutive years. In this study, rural residency [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.96, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.26, 3.06)], birth asphyxia (AOR: 7.73, 95% CI: 4.31, 13.84), congenital deformity (AOR: 3.61, 95% CI: 1.17, 11.18), low birth weight (AOR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.23, 3.67), respiratory distress syndrome (AOR: 3.32, 95% CI: 1.97, 5.59), Ambu-bag resuscitation (AOR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.38), taking antibiotics (AOR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.90), glucose (AOR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.72), and oxygen (AOR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.41) were associated with neonatal mortality. Conclusions This 5-year trend analysis revealed an increased trend of NMR, indicating more work is still needed to make progress toward meeting the SDG goal by 2030. Rural residency, birth asphyxia, congenital deformity, low birth weight, respiratory distress syndrome, Ambu-bag resuscitation, taking antibiotics, glucose, and oxygen were associated with neonatal mortality. Therefore, all stakeholders shall give due attention to reducing this timely-increasing trend of neonatal mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayalew Kassie
- Department of Nursing, Bahir Dar Health Science College, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Kassie
- Department of Nursing, Wogeda Primary Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Berihun Bantie
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Tewodros Worku Bogale
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Zewdu Bishaw Aynalem
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
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Kc A, Ramaswamy R, Ehret D, Worku B, Kamath-Rayne BD. Recent Progress in Neonatal Global Health Quality Improvement. Clin Perinatol 2023; 50:507-529. [PMID: 37201994 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Quality improvement methodologies, coupled with basic neonatal resuscitation and essential newborn care training, have been shown to be critical ingredients in improving neonatal mortality. Innovative methodologies, such as virtual training and telementoring, can enable the mentorship and supportive supervision that are essential to the continued work of improvement and health systems strengthening that must be done after a single training event. Empowering local champions, building effective data collection systems, and developing frameworks for audits and debriefs are among the strategies that will create effective and high-quality health care systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kc
- Global Health, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children Health, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 14B, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Rohit Ramaswamy
- Cincinnati Children's Medical Center Hospital, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Danielle Ehret
- Global Health, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 111 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT 05401, USA; Vermont Oxford Network, 33 Kilburn Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Bogale Worku
- Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ethiopian Pediatric Society, Addis Ababa Chapter Office, Family Building 5th Floor, Room 501, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Beena D Kamath-Rayne
- Global Newborn and Child Health, American Academy of Pediatrics, 345 Park Boulevard, Itasca, IL 60143, USA.
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Lawn JE, Bhutta ZA, Ezeaka C, Saugstad OD. Ending Preventable Neonatal Deaths: Multicountry Evidence to Inform Accelerated Progress to the Sustainable Development Goal by 2030. Neonatology 2023; 120:491-499. [PMID: 37231868 PMCID: PMC10614465 DOI: 10.1159/000530496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.2 aims for every country to reach a neonatal mortality rate (NMR) of ≤12/1,000 live births by 2030. More than 60 countries are off track, and 2.3 million newborns still die each year. Urgent action is needed, but varies by context, notably mortality level. METHODS We applied a five-phase NMR transition model based on national analyses for 195 UN member states: I (NMR >45), II (30-<45), III (15-<30), IV (5-<15), and V (<5). We analyzed data over the last century from selected countries to inform strategies to reach SDG3.2. We also undertook impact analyses for packages of care using the Lives Saved Tool software. RESULTS An NMR of <15/1,000 requires firstly wide-scale access to maternity care and hospital care for small and sick newborns, including skilled nurses and doctors, safe oxygen use, and respiratory support, such as CPAP. Neonatal mortality could be reduced to the SDG target of ≤12/1,000 with further scale-up of small and sick newborn care. To reduce neonatal mortality further, more investment is required in infrastructure, device bundles (e.g., phototherapy, ventilation), and careful attention to infection prevention. To reach phase V (NMR <5), which is closer to ending preventable newborn deaths, additional technologies and therapies such as mechanical ventilation and surfactant replacement therapy are needed, as well as higher staffing ratios. CONCLUSIONS Learning from high-income country is important, including what not to do. Introduction of new technologies should be according to the country's phase. Early focus on disability-free survival and family involvement is also crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy E. Lawn
- MARCH Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- NEST360 alliance, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Ola Didrik Saugstad
- Department of Pediatric Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Manley BJ, Kamlin COF, Donath S, Huang L, Birch P, Cheong JLY, Dargaville PA, Dawson JA, Doyle LW, Jacobs SE, Wilson R, Davis PG, McKinlay CJD. Intratracheal budesonide mixed with surfactant to increase survival free of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely preterm infants: study protocol for the international, multicenter, randomized PLUSS trial. Trials 2023; 24:320. [PMID: 37161488 PMCID: PMC10169381 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), an inflammatory-mediated chronic lung disease, is common in extremely preterm infants born before 28 weeks' gestation and is associated with an increased risk of adverse neurodevelopmental and respiratory outcomes in childhood. Effective and safe prophylactic therapies for BPD are urgently required. Systemic corticosteroids reduce rates of BPD in the short-term but are associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes if given to ventilated infants in the first week after birth. Intratracheal administration of corticosteroid admixed with exogenous surfactant could overcome these concerns by minimizing systemic sequelae. Several small, randomized trials have found intratracheal budesonide in a surfactant vehicle to be a promising therapy to increase survival free of BPD. METHODS An international, multicenter, double-blinded, randomized trial of intratracheal budesonide (a corticosteroid) mixed with surfactant for extremely preterm infants to increase survival free of BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA; primary outcome). Extremely preterm infants aged < 48 h after birth are eligible if: (1) they are mechanically ventilated, or (2) they are receiving non-invasive respiratory support and there is a clinical decision to treat with surfactant. The intervention is budesonide (0.25 mg/kg) mixed with poractant alfa (200 mg/kg first intervention, 100 mg/kg if second intervention), administered intratracheally via an endotracheal tube or thin catheter. The comparator is poractant alfa alone (at the same doses). Secondary outcomes include the components of the primary outcome (death, BPD prior to or at 36 weeks' PMA), potential systemic side effects of corticosteroids, cost-effectiveness, early childhood health until 2 years of age, and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of age (corrected for prematurity). DISCUSSION Combining budesonide with surfactant for intratracheal administration is a simple intervention that may reduce BPD in extremely preterm infants and translate into health benefits in later childhood. The PLUSS trial is powered for the primary outcome and will address gaps in the evidence due to its pragmatic and inclusive design, targeting all extremely preterm infants regardless of their initial mode of respiratory support. Should intratracheal budesonide mixed with surfactant increase survival free of BPD, without severe adverse effects, this readily available intervention could be introduced immediately into clinical practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ( https://www.anzctr.org.au ), ACTRN12617000322336. First registered on 28th February 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett J Manley
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - C Omar F Kamlin
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan Donath
- Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Li Huang
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pita Birch
- Department of Neonatology, Mater Mother's Hospitals South Brisbane, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jeanie L Y Cheong
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter A Dargaville
- Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Dawson
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lex W Doyle
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan E Jacobs
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Peter G Davis
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher J D McKinlay
- Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, the University of Auckland, Kidz First Neonatal Care, TeWhatu Ora Counties Manukau, Auckland, New Zealand
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Haksari EL, Hakimi M, Ismail D. Neonatal mortality in small for gestational age infants based on reference local newborn curve at secondary and tertiary hospitals in Indonesia. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:214. [PMID: 37147583 PMCID: PMC10161409 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small for gestational (SGA) infants during the neonatal period have risks of mortality and sequelae for survival. Two - third of neonatal mortality occurs in the first weeks of life. Prevalence of SGA depends on the newbon curve used. Objectives of the study were to know the conditions that posed the risk of early neonatal and neonatal mortality, to identify preterm/full-term and SGA/appropriate gestational age (AGA) infants with cumulative mortality incident (CMI), to compare 5- year-period of early and neonatal mortality, and to investigate CMI on neonatal mortality of four categories during 5-year-period. METHODS A retrospective cohort study on all live births, during 1998-2017, was conducted in Sleman and Sardjito hospitals, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Based on the reference local curve, the eligible subjects were categorized into SGA and AGA infants. The analyses were based on preterm/full-term and SGA/AGA, thus resulting in 4 categories: preterm-SGA, preterm-AGA, full-term-SGA and full-term-AGA. Analysis was made with Unadjusted Hazard Ratio (HR) by Simple Cox Regression and Adjusted HR was calculated by Multiple Cox Regression, survival analysis to calculate CMI, and analysis mortality for 5-year period ( 1998-2002, 2003-2007, 2008-2012, 2013-2017). RESULT There were 35,649 live births eligible for the study. Respiratory distress was the highest risk with HR 9,46, followed by asphyxia with HR 5,08, mother's death with HR 227, extra-health facility with HR 1,97, symmetrical SGA with HR 1,97, preterm-AGA with HR 1,75, low birth weight (LBW) with HR 1,64, primary health facility with HR 1,33, and boys with HR 1,16 consecutively. Early neonatal mortality in 4 categories by survival analysis revealed the highest CMI in preterm SGA. Similar result was found in neonatal mortality. Analysis of 5-year period unveiled the highest CMI during 1998-2002. The highest CMI based on the four categories, however, was found in preterm-SGA. CONCLUSION Respiratory distress posed the highest HR in early and neonatal mortality. Survival analysis showing the highest CMI on early and neonatal mortality was identified in preterm-SGA. The 5 - year - period of neonatal mortality showed the highest CMI during 1998-2002 period, whereas based on 4 SGA categories, preterm-SGA demonstrated the highest CMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekawaty L Haksari
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Mohammad Hakimi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Djauhar Ismail
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Quesnel H, Resmond R, Merlot E, Père MC, Gondret F, Louveau I. Physiological traits of newborn piglets associated with colostrum intake, neonatal survival and preweaning growth. Animal 2023; 17:100843. [PMID: 37263133 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Colostrum intake, which is critical for piglet survival after birth and growth up to weaning, greatly depends on piglet weight and vitality at birth. Our aim was to identify a set of biological variables explaining individual variations in colostrum intake, preweaning growth and risk of dying. Farrowing traits, morphological traits and colostrum intake were determined for 504 piglets born alive from 37 Landrace × Large White sows. A subset of 203 of these piglets was used to measure plasma neonatal concentrations of metabolites and hormones in blood collected from the umbilical cord at birth. From univariate analyses, we established that colostrum intake was positively associated with plasma neonatal concentrations of IGF-I, albumin, thyroid hormones (P < 0.001), and non-esterified fatty acids (P < 0.05), and was negatively associated with concentrations of lactate (P < 0.001). In a multivariable analysis, the variables explaining the variation in colostrum intake were piglet birth weight and rectal temperature 1 h after birth (positive effect, P < 0.001), time of birth after the onset of parturition, and fructose plasma concentrations at birth (negative effects, P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). Piglets that died within 3 days after birth had lower neonatal concentrations of albumin (P < 0.001), IGF-I and thyroxine (P < 0.01) than surviving piglets. Preweaning growth was positively associated with neonatal concentrations of IGF-I, thyroxine (P < 0.001), albumin and insulin (P < 0.05). Cortisol and glucose concentrations at birth were not related to colostrum intake, neonatal survival or preweaning growth. Multivariable analyses confirmed that colostrum intake was the predominant factor influencing piglet survival within 3 days after birth and preweaning growth. These results provide physiological indicators of piglet colostrum intake, besides birth weight. They also confirm the impact of time of birth during farrowing on colostrum intake and the crucial importance of physiological maturity at birth for postnatal adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Quesnel
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint Gilles, France.
| | - R Resmond
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint Gilles, France
| | - E Merlot
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint Gilles, France
| | - M-C Père
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint Gilles, France
| | - F Gondret
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint Gilles, France
| | - I Louveau
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint Gilles, France
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36
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Garcia LP, Schneider IJC, de Oliveira C, Traebert E, Traebert J. What is the impact of national public expenditure and its allocation on neonatal and child mortality? A machine learning analysis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:793. [PMID: 37118765 PMCID: PMC10141942 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the impact of national public expenditure and its allocation on child mortality may help governments move towards target 3.2 proposed in the 2030 Agenda. The objective of this study was to estimate the impacts of governmental expenditures, total, on health, and on other sectors, on neonatal mortality and mortality of children aged between 28 days and five years. METHODS This study has an ecological design with a population of 147 countries, with data between 2012 and 2019. Two steps were used: first, the Generalized Propensity Score of public spending was calculated; afterward, the Generalized Propensity Score was used to estimate the expenditures' association with mortality rates. The primary outcomes were neonatal mortality rates (NeoRt) and mortality rates in children between 28 days and 5 years (NeoU5Rt). RESULTS The 1% variation in Int$ Purchasing Power Parity (Int$ PPP) per capita in total public expenditures, expenditure in health, and in other sectors were associated with a variation of -0.635 (95% CI -1.176, -0.095), -2.17 (95% CI -3.051, -1.289) -0.632 (95% CI -1.169, -0.095) in NeoRt, respectively The same variation in public expenditures in sectors other than health, was associates with a variation of -1.772 (95% CI -6.219, -1.459) on NeoU5Rt. The results regarding the impact of total and health public spending on NeoU5Rt were not consistent. CONCLUSION Public investments impact mortality in children under 5 years of age. Likely, the allocation of expenditures between the health sector and the other social sectors will have different impacts on mortality between the NeoRt and the NeoU5Rt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Pereira Garcia
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Avenida Pedra Branca, 25, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, 88132-260, Brazil
| | - Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Science, Public Health and Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rodovia Governador Jorge Lacerda, 3201, Araranguá, SC, 88906-072, Brazil
| | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Eliane Traebert
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Avenida Pedra Branca, 25, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, 88132-260, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Avenida Pedra Branca, 25, Palhoça, SC, 88132-260, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Traebert
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Avenida Pedra Branca, 25, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, 88132-260, Brazil.
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Ardila Pereira L, Meléndres Vidal Ó. [COVID-19 in maternal, perinatal and neonatal mortality in four locations in Bogotá. Descriptive study.]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2023; 97:e202304034. [PMID: 37114485 PMCID: PMC10541262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The multiple effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are beginning to be seen from the alteration of vital statistics figures. This is summarized in changes in the usual causes of death and excess attributable mortality, which can finally be seen in structural changes in the populations of the countries. For this reason, this research was created with the objective of determining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal, perinatal and neonatal mortality in four locations in Bogotá D.C. (Colombia). METHODS A retrospective longitudinal investigation was carried out in which 217,419 mortality data were analyzed in the towns of Kennedy, Fontibón, Bosa and Puente Aranda in the city of Bogotá - Colombia that occurred between the years 2018 to 2021, of which maternal (54), perinatal (1,370) and neonatal (483) deaths in order to identify a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection that could be related to the excess mortality associated with COVID-19. The data were collected from the open records of vital statistics of the National Statistics Department (DANE), where they were analyzed from frequency measures or central tendency and dispersion according to the types of variables. The specific mortality indicators related to maternal, perinatal and neonatal death events were calculated. RESULTS A decrease in perinatal and neonatal mortality was evidenced since 2020, which was associated with the progressive decrease in pregnancies in those same years; Additionally, a considerable increase in maternal deaths was observed for 2021 compared to the other years analyzed. The proportion of maternal deaths in 2020 and 2021 by 10% and 17%, respectively, were attributed to COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS It is observed that the trend of maternal mortality is related to the increase in mortality from COVID-19, maternal deaths associated with COVID-19 occurred specifically in the zonal planning units that registered more than 160 cases of COVID-19 for the year 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ardila Pereira
- Programa de Maestría en Epidemiologia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina. Fundación Universitaria del Área AndinaBogotá D.C.Colombia
| | - Óscar Meléndres Vidal
- Universidad Militar Nueva Granada. Universidad Militar Nueva Granada. Bogotá D.C.Colombia
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Wilcox AJ, Basso O. Inferring fetal growth restriction as rare, severe, and stable over time. Eur J Epidemiol 2023; 38:455-464. [PMID: 37052754 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-023-00985-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Reduced birthweight is a marker of pathologies that impair growth and also decrease survival. However, "fetal growth restriction" remains poorly defined. Assuming that birthweight itself has no causal effect on neonatal mortality, we can estimate the features of pathological fetal growth that would be required to produce the observed pattern of weight-specific mortality. Under the simplest possible scenario, we find that at 39-41 weeks, pathological fetal growth restriction affects only about 0.5% of U.S. births, with a neonatal mortality risk up to 220-fold. This surprising concentration of pathology among a tiny subset of babies would account for roughly half of neonatal deaths at term. Moreover, the prevalence of these pathological births appears to have remained relatively stable over recent decades, even as neonatal mortality in the U.S. has declined by 90%. In our model, the decline has been driven by the reduction in baseline mortality (i.e., mortality among babies unaffected by growth pathologies), while the relative risk of death among pathologically grown infants has apparently remained stable. Fetal growth restriction is conventionally regarded as common and preventable. In contrast, our observations suggest that pathological fetal growth is rare and constant over time, perhaps the result of unpreventable stochastic errors in embryonic development. Public health strategies may be more effective by setting aside attempts to increase birthweight, and focusing instead on the discovery and support of factors (unrelated to birthweight) that have produced the striking reductions in neonatal mortality over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen J Wilcox
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, PO Box 12233, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.
- Centre for Fertility and Health Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Olga Basso
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, 27701, Canada
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Kaforau LS, Tessema GA, Jancey J, Bugoro H, Pereira G. Prevalence and risk factors associated with under-five mortality in the Solomon Islands: an investigation from the 2015 Solomon Islands demographic and health survey data. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2023; 33:100691. [PMID: 37181533 PMCID: PMC10166993 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Annually, over five million children die before their fifth birthday worldwide, with 98% of these deaths occurring in low-and middle-income countries. The prevalence and risks for under-five mortality are not well-established for the Solomon Islands. Methods We used the Solomon Islands Demographic and Health Survey 2015 data (SIDHS 2015) to estimate the prevalence and risk factors associated with under-five mortality. Findings Neonatal, infant, child and under-five mortality prevalence were 8/1000, 17/1000, 12/1000 and 21/1000 live births, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, neonatal mortality was associated with no breastfeeding [aRR 34.80 (13.60, 89.03)], no postnatal check [aRR 11.36 (1.22, 106.16)], and Roman Catholic [aRR 3.99 (1.34, 11.88)] and Anglican [aRR 2.78 (0.89, 8.65); infant mortality to no breastfeeding [aRR 11.85 (6.15, 22.83)], Micronesian [aRR 5.54 (1.67, 18.35)], and higher birth order [aRR 2.00 (1.03, 3.88)]; child mortality to multiple gestation [aRR 6.15 (2.08, 18.18)], Polynesian [aRR 5.80 (2.48, 13.53)], and Micronesian [aRR 3.65 (1.46, 9.10)], cigarette and tobacco [aRR 1.77 (0.79, 3.96)] and marijuana use [aRR 1.94 (0.43, 8.73)] and rural residence [aRR 1.85 (0.88, 3.92)]; under-five mortality to no breastfeeding [aRR 8.65 (4.97, 15.05)], Polynesian [aRR 3.23 (1.09, 9.54)], Micronesian [aRR 5.60 (2.52, 12.46)], and multiple gestation [aRR 3.34 (1.26, 8.88)]. Proportions of 9% for neonatal and 8% of under-five mortality were attributable to no maternal tetanus vaccination. Interpretation Under-five mortality in the Solomon Islands from the SIDHS 2015 data was attributable to maternal health, behavioural, and sociodemographic risk factors. We recommended future studies to confirm these associations. Funding No funding was declared to support this study directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia S. Kaforau
- Department of Paediatrics and Neonatal Care, National Referral Hospital, Solomon Islands
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Faculty of Nursing, Medicine and Health Sciences, Solomon Islands National University, Solomon Islands
| | - Gizachew A. Tessema
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jonine Jancey
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Hugo Bugoro
- Faculty of Nursing, Medicine and Health Sciences, Solomon Islands National University, Solomon Islands
| | - Gavin Pereira
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Centre for Fertility and Health (CeFH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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McDougall AR, Aboud L, Lavin T, Cao J, Dore G, Ramson J, Oladapo OT, Vogel JP. Effect of antenatal corticosteroid administration-to-birth interval on maternal and newborn outcomes: a systematic review. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 58:101916. [PMID: 37007738 PMCID: PMC10050784 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) are highly effective at improving outcomes for preterm newborns. Evidence suggests the benefits of ACS may vary with the time interval between administration-to-birth. However, the optimal ACS administration-to-birth interval is not yet known. In this systematic review, we synthesised available evidence on the relationship between ACS administration-to-birth interval and maternal and newborn outcomes. Methods This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021253379). We searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Global Index Medicus on 11 Nov 2022 with no date or language restrictions. Randomised and non-randomised studies of pregnant women receiving ACS for preterm birth where maternal and newborn outcomes were reported for different administration-to-birth intervals were eligible. Eligibility screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed by two authors independently. Fetal and neonatal outcomes included perinatal and neonatal mortality, preterm birth-related morbidity outcomes and mean birthweight. Maternal outcomes included chorioamnionitis, maternal mortality, endometritis, and maternal intensive care unit admission. Findings Ten trials (4592 women; 5018 neonates), 45 cohort studies (at least 22,992 women; 30,974 neonates) and two case-control studies (355 women; 360 neonates) met the eligibility criteria. Across studies, 37 different time interval combinations were identified. There was considerable heterogeneity in included administration-to-birth intervals and populations. The odds of neonatal mortality, respiratory distress syndrome and intraventricular haemorrhage were associated with the ACS administration-to-birth interval. However, the interval associated with the greatest improvements in newborn outcomes was not consistent across studies. No reliable data were available for maternal outcomes, though odds of chorioamnionitis might be associated with longer intervals. Intepretation An optimal ACS administration-to-birth interval likely exists, however variations in study design limit identification of this interval from available evidence. Future research should consider advanced analysis techniques such as individual patient data meta-analysis to identify which ACS administration-to-birth intervals are most beneficial, and how these benefits can be optimised for women and newborns. Funding This study was conducted with funding support from the UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO-World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research (SRH), a co-sponsored programme executed by the World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie R.A. McDougall
- Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lily Aboud
- Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tina Lavin
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jenny Cao
- Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Dore
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jen Ramson
- Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Olufemi T. Oladapo
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joshua P. Vogel
- Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Danso SO, Manu A, Fenty J, Amanga-Etego S, Avan BI, Newton S, Soremekun S, Kirkwood B. Population cause of death estimation using verbal autopsy methods in large-scale field trials of maternal and child health: lessons learned from a 20-year research collaboration in Central Ghana. Emerg Themes Epidemiol 2023; 20:1. [PMID: 36797732 PMCID: PMC9936721 DOI: 10.1186/s12982-023-00120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Low and middle-income countries continue to use Verbal autopsies (VAs) as a World Health Organisation-recommended method to ascertain causes of death in settings where coverage of vital registration systems is not yet comprehensive. Whilst the adoption of VA has resulted in major improvements in estimating cause-specific mortality in many settings, well documented limitations have been identified relating to the standardisation of the processes involved. The WHO has invested significant resources into addressing concerns in some of these areas; there however remains enduring challenges particularly in operationalising VA surveys for deaths amongst women and children, challenges which have measurable impacts on the quality of data collected and on the accuracy of determining the final cause of death. In this paper we describe some of our key experiences and recommendations in conducting VAs from over two decades of evaluating seminal trials of maternal and child health interventions in rural Ghana. We focus on challenges along the entire VA pathway that can impact on the success rates of ascertaining the final cause of death, and lessons we have learned to optimise the procedures. We highlight our experiences of the value of the open history narratives in VAs and the training and skills required to optimise the quality of the information collected. We describe key issues in methods for ascertaining cause of death and argue that both automated and physician-based methods can be valid depending on the setting. We further summarise how increasingly popular information technology methods may be used to facilitate the processes described. Verbal autopsy is a vital means of increasing the coverage of accurate mortality statistics in low- and middle-income settings, however operationalisation remains problematic. The lessons we share here in conducting VAs within a long-term surveillance system in Ghana will be applicable to researchers and policymakers in many similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel O. Danso
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Disease Modelling Research Group, Centre for Dementia Prevention & Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alexander Manu
- Centre for Maternal and Newborn Health, Liverpool School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Justin Fenty
- grid.8991.90000 0004 0425 469XFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Seeba Amanga-Etego
- grid.415375.10000 0004 0546 2044Centre for Computing, Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - Bilal Iqbal Avan
- grid.8991.90000 0004 0425 469XFaculty of Infectious and Tropical Disease, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sam Newton
- grid.9829.a0000000109466120School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Seyi Soremekun
- grid.8991.90000 0004 0425 469XFaculty of Infectious and Tropical Disease, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Betty Kirkwood
- grid.8991.90000 0004 0425 469XFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Buitendyk M, Kosgei W, Thorne J, Millar H, Alera JM, Kibet V, Bernard CO, Payne BA, Bernard C, Christoffersen-Deb A. Impact of free maternity services on outcomes related to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Kenya: a retrospective analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:98. [PMID: 36747137 PMCID: PMC9901094 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is a major contributor to maternal and neonatal mortality worldwide. Ninety-nine percent of these deaths occur in resource limited settings. One of the greatest barriers to women seeking medical attention remains the cost of care. Kenya implemented a nation-wide policy change in 2013, offering free inpatient maternity services to all women to address this concern. Here, we explore the impact of this policy change on maternal and neonatal outcomes specific to the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional chart review of patients discharged or deceased with a diagnosis of gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia or HELLP syndrome at a tertiary referral center in western Kenya one year before (June 1, 2012-May 31, 2013) and one year after (June 1, 2013-May 31, 2014) free maternity services were introduced at public facilities across the country. Demographic information, obstetric history, medical history, details of the current pregnancy, diagnosis on admission and at discharge, antepartum treatment, maternal outcomes, and neonatal outcomes were collected and comparisons were made between the time points. RESULTS There were more in hospital births after policy change was introduced. The proportion of women diagnosed with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy was higher in the year before free maternity care although there was a statistically significant increase in the proportion of women diagnosed with gestational hypertension after policy change. Among those diagnosed with hypertensive disorders, there was no difference in the proportion who developed obstetric or medical complications. Of concern, there was a statistically significant increase in the proportion of women dying as a result of their condition. There was a statistically significant increase in the use of magnesium sulfate for seizure prophylaxis. There was no overall difference in the use of anti-hypertensives between groups and no overall difference in the proportion of women who received dexamethasone for fetal lung maturity. CONCLUSIONS Free maternity services, however necessary, are insufficient to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes related to the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at a tertiary referral center in western Kenya. Multiple complementary strategies acting in unison are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Buitendyk
- School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S, Canada. .,Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya.
| | - Wycliffe Kosgei
- grid.513271.30000 0001 0041 5300Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya ,grid.79730.3a0000 0001 0495 4256School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Julie Thorne
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S Canada ,grid.513271.30000 0001 0041 5300Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Heather Millar
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S Canada
| | - Joy Marsha Alera
- grid.512535.50000 0004 4687 6948AMPATH (Academic Model Providing Access to Health Care) Kenya, P.O. Box 4606, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Vincent Kibet
- grid.513271.30000 0001 0041 5300Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Christian Ochieng Bernard
- grid.79730.3a0000 0001 0495 4256School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Beth A. Payne
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Caitlin Bernard
- grid.513271.30000 0001 0041 5300Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya ,grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XSchool of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University, 107 S Indiana Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - Astrid Christoffersen-Deb
- grid.513271.30000 0001 0041 5300Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
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Kibret GD, Demant D, Hayen A. The effect of distance to health facility on neonatal mortality in Ethiopia. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:114. [PMID: 36737761 PMCID: PMC9896723 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Ethiopia, more than half of newborn babies do not have access to Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care (EmONC) services. Understanding the effect of distance to health facilities on service use and neonatal survival is crucial to recommend policymakers and improving resource distribution. We aimed to investigate the effect of distance to health services on maternal service use and neonatal mortality. METHODS We implemented a data integration method based on geographic coordinates. We calculated straight-line (Euclidean) distances from the Ethiopian 2016 demographic and health survey (EDHS) clusters to the closest health facility. We computed the distance in ESRI ArcGIS Version 10.3 using the geographic coordinates of DHS clusters and health facilities. Generalised Structural Equation Modelling (GSEM) was used to estimate the effect of distance on neonatal mortality. RESULTS Poor geographic accessibility to health facilities affects maternal service usage and increases the risk of newborn mortality. For every ten kilometres (km) increase in distance to a health facility, the odds of neonatal mortality increased by 1.33% (95% CI: 1.06% to 1.67%). Distance also negatively affected antenatal care, facility delivery and postnatal counselling service use. CONCLUSIONS A lack of geographical access to health facilities decreases the likelihood of newborns surviving their first month of life and affects health services use during pregnancy and immediately after birth. The study also showed that antenatal care use was positively associated with facility delivery service use and that both positively influenced postnatal care use, demonstrating the interconnectedness of the components of continuum of care for maternal and neonatal care services. Policymakers can leverage the findings from this study to improve accessibility barriers to health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getiye Dejenu Kibret
- grid.449044.90000 0004 0480 6730Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia ,grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW Australia
| | - Daniel Demant
- grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Andrew Hayen
- grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW Australia
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Wang XL, Leung E, Fung GPG, Lam HS. Gestational age-specific neonatal mortality in Hong Kong: a population-based retrospective study. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:158-69. [PMID: 36409452 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neonatal period is the most vulnerable period during childhood, with the risk of death being the highest even in developed countries/regions. Hong Kong's neonatal mortality (1‰) is among the world's lowest and has remained similar for 15 years. This study aimed to explore neonatal deaths in Hong Kong in detail and determine whether neonatal mortality is reducible at such a low level. METHODS Live births in public hospitals in Hong Kong during 01 Jan 2006-31 Dec 2017 were included. Relevant data were extracted from the electronic medical records. Gestational age-specific mortality was calculated, and the trends were analyzed using the Cochran-Armitage trend test. Causes of death were summarized, and risk factors were identified in multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS In 490,034 live births, 755 cases (1.54‰) died during the neonatal period, and 293 (0.6‰) died during the post-neonatal period. The neonatal mortality remained similar overall (P = 0.17) and among infants born at 24-29 weeks' gestation (P = 0.4), while it decreased in those born at 23 (P = 0.04), 30-36 (P < 0.001) and ≥ 37 (P < 0.001) weeks' gestation. Neonates born at < 27 weeks' gestation accounted for a significantly increased proportion among cases who died (27.6% to 51.9%), with hemorrhagic conditions (24%) being the leading cause of death. Congenital anomalies were the leading cause of death in neonates born ≥ 27 weeks' gestation (52%), but its cause-specific mortality decreased (P = 0.002, 0.6‰ to 0.41‰), with most of the decrease attributed to trisomy 13/18 and multiple anomalies. CONCLUSION Reduction of neonatal mortality in developed regions may heavily rely on improved quality of perinatal and neonatal care among extremely preterm infants.
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de Groot-van der Mooren MD, Scheerman BC, Rammeloo LAJ, van Wieringen H, van Wermeskerken AM, van der Plas R, de Winter P, Weijerman ME, Cornel MC, van Kaam AH. Neonatal mortality and morbidity in Down syndrome in the time of prenatal aneuploidy testing: a retrospective cohort study. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:319-328. [PMID: 36350406 PMCID: PMC9829636 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04686-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The total uptake of prenatal aneuploidy screening for Down syndrome (DS) is increasing worldwide. As a result of increasing prenatal diagnosis of DS and subsequent termination of pregnancy, livebirth prevalence of DS is decreasing. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of an increasing uptake of prenatal aneuploidy screening on the neonatal mortality and morbidity in DS. This is a retrospective cohort study of 253 neonates with DS born between 2012 and 2018 that were seen at the outpatient clinic of five hospitals in the Netherlands. The medical files were reviewed for maternal and neonatal characteristics and neonatal morbidities. The Dutch national birth registry (Perined) provided mortality numbers of neonates with DS. The results were interpreted in the context of other published studies. Neonatal mortality in DS remained stable, ranging from 1.4 to 3.6%. A congenital heart defect (CHD) was found in 138 of the 251 neonates (55.0%) with atrial septal defect, atrioventricular septal defect, and ventricular septal defect being the most common. The type of CHD in DS did not change over time. Gastro-intestinal defects were present in 22 of the 252 neonates with DS (8.7%), with duodenal atresia as the most reported anomaly. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate (PPHN) was found in 31 of the 251 infants (12.4%). Conclusions: Although uptake of prenatal aneuploidy screening increased, neonatal mortality and morbidity in DS appears to be stable. An increased incidence of PPHN was found. What is Known: • The total uptake of prenatal aneuploidy screening for Down syndrome is increasing worldwide. • As a result of increasing prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome and subsequent termination of pregnancy, the livebirth prevalence of Down syndrome is decreasing. What is New: • Although uptake of prenatal aneuploidy screening increased, neonatal mortality and morbidity in Down syndrome appears to be stable. • An increased incidence of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurike Dorothea de Groot-van der Mooren
- Department of Neonatology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .,Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Brigitta Catharina Scheerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Hester van Wieringen
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Antonius Ziekenhuis, Koekoekslaan 1, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | | | - Roos van der Plas
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter de Winter
- Department of Pediatrics, Spaarne Gasthuis, Boerhaavelaan 22, Haarlem & Spaarnepoort 1, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands ,Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,Child & Youth Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michel Emile Weijerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Alrijne Hospital, Simon, Smitweg 1, Leiderdorp, the Netherlands
| | - Martina Cornelia Cornel
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anton Hubertus van Kaam
- Department of Neonatology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Parc E, Benin A, Lecarpentier E, Goffinet F, Lepercq J. Risk factors for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy or neonatal death in placental abruption. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2023; 52:102498. [PMID: 36336280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2022.102498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors for moderate or severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), or neonatal death in clinical placental abruption. MATERIAL AND METHODS A nested case-control study within a cohort of singleton pregnancies complicated by placental abruption with a live born infant at two academic reference centers in France, from 2006 to 2019. Cases were patients who gave birth to an infant with moderate or severe HIE or death within 28 days (HIE/death group), and controls were patients whose infant did not have any of these outcomes (no-HIE group). Independent risk factors were identified by logistic regression. Binary decision tree discriminant (CART) analysis was performed to define high-risk subgroups of HIE or death. RESULTS Among 152 patients, the infants of 44 (29%) had HIE or death. Out-of-hospital placental abruption and fetal bradycardia at admission were more frequent in cases than in controls: 39 (89%) vs 61 (56%), p < .01 and 24 (59%) vs 19 (18%), p < .01, respectively. In multivariate analysis, out-of-hospital placental abruption (aOR, 7.05; 95% CI, 1.94-25.66) and bradycardia at admission (aOR, 8.60; 95% CI, 2.51-29.42) were independently associated with an increased risk of HIE or death. The combination of out-of-hospital placental abruption and bradycardia was the highest risk situation associated with HIE or death (67%). The decision-to-delivery interval was 15 [12-20] minutes among cases. CONCLUSION Out-of-hospital placental abruption combined with bradycardia at admission was associated with a major risk of moderate or severe HIE or death. An optimal decision-to-delivery interval does not guarantee the absence of an adverse neonatal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enora Parc
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Port Royal, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Amelie Benin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Port Royal, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Edouard Lecarpentier
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - François Goffinet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Port Royal, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris University, Paris, France; Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology (Epopé) Research Team, Center for Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), INSERM U1153, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Lepercq
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Port Royal, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris University, Paris, France.
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Noble C, Mooney C, Makasi R, Ntozini R, Majo FD, Church JA, Tavengwa NV, Prendergast AJ, Humphrey JH, Manges A, Mangwadu G, Maluccio JA, Mbuya MNN, Moulton LH, Stoltzfus RJ, Tielsch JM, Smith LE, Chasokela C, Chigumira A, Heylar W, Hwena P, Kembo G, Mutasa B, Mutasa K, Rambanepasi P, Sauramba V, Van Der Keilen F, Zambezi C, Chidhanguro D, Chigodora D, Chipanga JF, Gerema G, Magara T, Mandava M, Mavhudzi T, Mazhanga C, Muzaradope G, Mwapaura MT, Phiri S, Tengende A, Banda C, Chasekwa B, Chidamba L, Chidawanyika T, Chikwindi E, Chingaona LK, Chiorera CK, Dandadzi A, Govha M, Gumbo H, Gwanzura KT, Kasaru S, Matsika AM, Maunze D, Mazarura E, Mpofu E, Mushonga J, Mushore TE, Muzira T, Nembaware N, Nkiwane S, Nyamwino P, Rukobo SD, Runodamoto T, Seremwe S, Simango P, Tome J, Tsenesa B, Amadu U, Bangira B, Chiveza D, Hove P, Jombe HA, Kujenga D, Madhuyu L, Mandina-Makoni P, Maramba N, Maregere B, Marumani E, Masakadze E, Mazula P, Munyanyi C, Musanhu G, Mushanawani RC, Mutsando S, Nazare F, Nyarambi M, Nzuda W, Sigauke T, Solomon M, Tavengwa T, Biri F, Chafanza M, Chaitezvi C, Chauke T, Chidzomba C, Dadirai T, Fundira C, Gambiza AC, Godzongere T, Kuona M, Mafuratidze T, Mapurisa I, Mashedze T, Moyo N, Musariri C, Mushambadope M, Mutsonziwa TR, Muzondo A, Mwareka R, Nyamupfukudza J, Saidi B, Sakuhwehwe T, Sikalima G, Tembe J, Chekera TE, Chihombe O, Chikombingo M, Chirinda T, Chivizhe A, Hove R, Kufa R, Machikopa TF, Mandaza W, Mandongwe L, Manhiyo F, Manyaga E, Mapuranga P, Matimba FS, Matonhodze P, Mhuri S, Mike J, Ncube B, Nderecha WTS, Noah M, Nyamadzawo C, Penda J, Saidi A, Shonhayi S, Simon C, Tichagwa M, Chamakono R, Chauke A, Gatsi AF, Hwena B, Jawi H, Kaisa B, Kamutanho S, Kaswa T, Kayeruza P, Lunga J, Magogo N, Manyeruke D, Mazani P, Mhuriyengwe F, Mlambo F, Moyo S, Mpofu T, Mugava M, Mukungwa Y, Muroyiwa F, Mushonga E, Nyekete S, Rinashe T, Sibanda K, Chemhuru M, Chikunya J, Chikwavaire VF, Chikwiriro C, Chimusoro A, Chinyama J, Gwinji G, Hoko-Sibanda N, Kandawasvika R, Madzimure T, Maponga B, Mapuranga A, Marembo J, Matsunge L, Maunga S, Muchekeza M, Muti M, Nyamana M, Azhuda E, Bhoroma U, Biriyadi A, Chafota E, Chakwizira A, Chamhamiwa A, Champion T, Chazuza S, Chikwira B, Chingozho C, Chitabwa A, Dhurumba A, Furidzirai A, Gandanga A, Gukuta C, Macheche B, Marihwi B, Masike B, Mutangandura E, Mutodza B, Mutsindikwa A, Mwale A, Ndhlovu R, Nduna N, Nyamandi C, Ruvata E, Sithole B, Urayai R, Vengesa B, Zorounye M, Bamule M, Bande M, Chahuruva K, Chidumba L, Chigove Z, Chiguri K, Chikuni S, Chikwanda R, Chimbi T, Chingozho M, Chinhamo O, Chinokuramba R, Chinyoka C, Chipenzi X, Chipute R, Chiribhani G, Chitsinga M, Chiwanga C, Chiza A, Chombe F, Denhere M, Dhamba E, Dhamba M, Dube J, Dzimbanhete F, Dzingai G, Fusira S, Gonese M, Gota J, Gumure K, Gwaidza P, Gwangwava M, Gwara W, Gwauya M, Gwiba M, Hamauswa J, Hlasera S, Hlukani E, Hotera J, Jakwa L, Jangara G, Janyure M, Jari C, Juru D, Kapuma T, Konzai P, Mabhodha M, Maburutse S, Macheka C, Machigaya T, Machingauta F, Machokoto E, Madhumba E, Madziise L, Madziva C, Madzivire M, Mafukise M, Maganga M, Maganga S, Mageja E, Mahanya M, Mahaso E, Mahleka S, Makanhiwa P, Makarudze M, Makeche C, Makopa N, Makumbe R, Mandire M, Mandiyanike E, Mangena E, Mangiro F, Mangwadu A, Mangwengwe T, Manhidza J, Manhovo F, Manono I, Mapako S, Mapfumo E, Mapfumo T, Mapuka J, Masama D, Masenge G, Mashasha M, Mashivire V, Matunhu M, Mavhoro P, Mawuka G, Mazango I, Mazhata N, Mazuva D, Mazuva M, Mbinda F, Mborera J, Mfiri U, Mhandu F, Mhike C, Mhike T, Mhuka A, Midzi J, Moyo S, Mpundu M, Msindo NM, Msindo D, Mtisi C, Muchemwa G, Mujere N, Mukaro E, Muketiwa K, Mungoi S, Munzava E, Muoki R, Mupura H, Murerwa E, Murisi C, Muroyiwa L, Muruvi M, Musemwa N, Mushure C, Mutero J, Mutero P, Mutumbu P, Mutya C, Muzanango L, Muzembi M, Muzungunye D, Mwazha V, Ncube T, Ndava T, Ndlovu N, Nehowa P, Ngara D, Nguruve L, Nhigo P, Nkiwane S, Nyanyai L, Nzombe J, Office E, Paul B, Pavari S, Ranganai S, Ratisai S, Rugara M, Rusere P, Sakala J, Sango P, Shava S, Shekede M, Shizha C, Sibanda T, Tapambwa N, Tembo J, Tinago N, Tinago V, Toindepi T, Tovigepi J, Tuhwe M, Tumbo K, Zaranyika T, Zaru T, Zimidzi K, Zindo M, Zindonda M, Zinhumwe N, Zishiri L, Ziyambi E, Zvinowanda J, Bepete E, Chiwira C, Chuma N, Fari A, Gavi S, Gunha V, Hakunandava F, Huku C, Hungwe G, Maduke G, Manyewe E, Mapfumo T, Marufu I, Mashiri C, Mazenge S, Mbinda E, Mhuri A, Muguti C, Munemo L, Musindo L, Ngada L, Nyembe D, Taruvinga R, Tobaiwa E, Banda S, Chaipa J, Chakaza P, Chandigere M, Changunduma A, Chibi C, Chidyagwai O, Chidza E, Chigatse N, Chikoto L, Chingware V, Chinhamo J, Chinhoro M, Chiripamberi A, Chitavati E, Chitiga R, Chivanga N, Chivese T, Chizema F, Dera S, Dhliwayo A, Dhononga P, Dimingo E, Dziyani M, Fambi T, Gambagamba L, Gandiyari S, Gomo C, Gore S, Gundani J, Gundani R, Gwarima L, Gwaringa C, Gwenya S, Hamilton R, Hlabano A, Hofisi E, Hofisi F, Hungwe S, Hwacha S, Hwara A, Jogwe R, Kanikani A, Kuchicha L, Kutsira M, Kuziyamisa K, Kuziyamisa M, Kwangware B, Lozani P, Mabuto J, Mabuto V, Mabvurwa L, Machacha R, Machaya C, Madembo R, Madya S, Madzingira S, Mafa L, Mafuta F, Mafuta J, Mahara A, Mahonye S, Maisva A, Makara A, Makover M, Mambongo E, Mambure M, Mandizvidza E, Mangena G, Manjengwa E, Manomano J, Mapfumo M, Mapfurire A, Maphosa L, Mapundo J, Mare D, Marecha F, Marecha S, Mashiri C, Masiya M, Masuku T, Masvimbo P, Matambo S, Matarise G, Matinanga L, Matizanadzo J, Maunganidze M, Mawere B, Mawire C, Mazvanya Y, Mbasera M, Mbono M, Mhakayakora C, Mhlanga N, Mhosva B, Moyo N, Moyo O, Moyo R, Mpakami C, Mpedzisi R, Mpofu E, Mpofu E, Mtetwa M, Muchakachi J, Mudadada T, Mudzingwa K, Mugwira M, Mukarati T, Munana A, Munazo J, Munyeki O, Mupfeka P, Murangandi G, Muranganwa M, Murenjekwa J, Muringo N, Mushaninga T, Mutaja F, Mutanha D, Mutemeri P, Mutero B, Muteya E, Muvembi S, Muzenda T, Mwenjota A, Ncube S, Ndabambi T, Ndava N, Ndlovu E, Nene E, Ngazimbi E, Ngwalati A, Nyama T, Nzembe A, Pabwaungana E, Phiri S, Pukuta R, Rambanapasi M, Rera T, Samanga V, Shirichena S, Shoko C, Shonhe M, Shuro C, Sibanda J, Sibangani E, Sibangani N, Sibindi N, Sitotombe M, Siwawa P, Tagwirei M, Taruvinga P, Tavagwisa A, Tete E, Tete Y, Thandiwe E, Tibugari A, Timothy S, Tongogara R, Tshuma L, Tsikira M, Tumba C, Watinaye R, Zhiradzango E, Zimunya E, Zinengwa L, Ziupfu M, Ziyambe J. Antenatal and delivery practices and neonatal mortality amongst women with institutional and non-institutional deliveries in rural Zimbabwe: observational data from a cluster randomized trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:981. [PMID: 36585673 PMCID: PMC9805263 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-05282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite achieving relatively high rates of antenatal care, institutional delivery, and HIV antiretroviral therapy for women during pregnancy, neonatal mortality has remained stubbornly high in Zimbabwe. Clearer understanding of causal pathways is required to inform effective interventions. METHODS This study was a secondary analysis of data from the Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) trial, a cluster-randomized community-based trial among pregnant women and their infants, to examine care during institutional and non-institutional deliveries in rural Zimbabwe and associated birth outcomes. RESULTS Among 4423 pregnant women, 529 (11.9%) delivered outside a health institution; hygiene practices were poorer and interventions to minimise neonatal hypothermia less commonly utilised for these deliveries compared to institutional deliveries. Among 3441 infants born in institutions, 592 (17.2%) were preterm (< 37 weeks gestation), while 175/462 (37.9%) infants born outside health institutions were preterm (RR: 2.20 (1.92, 2.53). Similarly, rates of stillbirth [1.2% compared to 3.0% (RR:2.38, 1.36, 4.15)] and neonatal mortality [2.4% compared to 4.8% (RR: 2.01 1.31, 3.10)] were higher among infants born outside institutions. Among mothers delivering at home who reported their reason for having a home delivery, 221/293 (75%) reported that precipitous labor was the primary reason for not having an institutional delivery while 32 (11%), 34 (12%), and 9 (3%), respectively, reported distance to the clinic, financial constraints, and religious/personal preference. CONCLUSIONS Preterm birth is common among all infants in rural Zimbabwe, and extremely high among infants born outside health institutions. Our findings indicate that premature onset of labor, rather than maternal choice, may be the reason for many non-institutional deliveries in low-resource settings, initiating a cascade of events resulting in a two-fold higher risk of stillbirth and neonatal mortality amongst children born outside health institutions. Interventions for primary prevention of preterm delivery will be crucial in reducing neonatal mortality in Zimbabwe. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01824940.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie Noble
- grid.4868.20000 0001 2171 1133Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ciaran Mooney
- Northern Ireland Medical and Dental Training Agency (NIMDTA), Beechill House, 42 Beechill Rd, Belfast, BT8 7RL UK
| | - Rachel Makasi
- grid.493148.3Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Robert Ntozini
- grid.493148.3Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Florence D. Majo
- grid.493148.3Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - James A. Church
- grid.4868.20000 0001 2171 1133Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK ,grid.493148.3Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Naume V. Tavengwa
- grid.493148.3Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Andrew J. Prendergast
- grid.4868.20000 0001 2171 1133Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK ,grid.493148.3Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Jean H. Humphrey
- grid.493148.3Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
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De Costa A, Oladapo OT, Gupta S, Portela A, Vogel JP, Souza JP, Rao S, Minckas N, Tuncalp Ö, Bahl R, Althabe F. Antenatal corticosteroids for early preterm birth: implementation strategy lessons from the WHO ACTION-I trial. Health Res Policy Syst 2022; 20:141. [PMID: 36578090 PMCID: PMC9798686 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-022-00941-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The WHO ACTION-I trial, the largest placebo-controlled trial on antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) efficacy and safety to date, reaffirmed the benefits of ACS on mortality reduction among early preterm newborns in low-income settings. We discuss here lessons learned from ACTION-I trial that are relevant to a strategy for ACS implementation to optimize impact. Key elements included (i) gestational age dating by ultrasound (ii) application of appropriate selection criteria by trained obstetric physicians to identify women with a likelihood of preterm birth for ACS administration; and (iii) provision of a minimum package of care for preterm newborns in facilities. This strategy accurately identified a large proportion of women who eventually gave birth preterm, and resulted in a 16% reduction in neonatal mortality from ACS use. Policy-makers, programme managers and clinicians are encouraged to consider this implementation strategy to effectively scale and harness the benefits of ACS in saving preterm newborn lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha De Costa
- grid.3575.40000000121633745Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child, Adolescent Health, and Ageing, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olufemi T. Oladapo
- grid.3575.40000000121633745UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Shuchita Gupta
- grid.3575.40000000121633745Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child, Adolescent Health, and Ageing, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anayda Portela
- grid.3575.40000000121633745Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child, Adolescent Health, and Ageing, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joshua P. Vogel
- grid.1056.20000 0001 2224 8486Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, The Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health Ltd, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
| | - Joao Paulo Souza
- grid.3575.40000000121633745Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child, Adolescent Health, and Ageing, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Suman Rao
- grid.3575.40000000121633745Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child, Adolescent Health, and Ageing, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Minckas
- grid.3575.40000000121633745Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child, Adolescent Health, and Ageing, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Özge Tuncalp
- grid.3575.40000000121633745UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rajiv Bahl
- grid.3575.40000000121633745Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child, Adolescent Health, and Ageing, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Althabe
- grid.3575.40000000121633745UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, Geneva, Switzerland
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Silva Rocha ED, de Morais Melo FL, de Mello MEF, Figueiroa B, Sampaio V, Endo PT. On usage of artificial intelligence for predicting mortality during and post-pregnancy: a systematic review of literature. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2022; 22:334. [PMID: 36536413 PMCID: PMC9764498 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-022-02082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Care during pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium are fundamental to avoid pathologies for the mother and her baby. However, health issues can occur during this period, causing misfortunes, such as the death of the fetus or neonate. Predictive models of fetal and infant deaths are important technological tools that can help to reduce mortality indexes. The main goal of this work is to present a systematic review of literature focused on computational models to predict mortality, covering stillbirth, perinatal, neonatal, and infant deaths, highlighting their methodology and the description of the proposed computational models. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of literature, limiting the search to the last 10 years of publications considering the five main scientific databases as source. RESULTS From 671 works, 18 of them were selected as primary studies for further analysis. We found that most of works are focused on prediction of neonatal deaths, using machine learning models (more specifically Random Forest). The top five most common features used to train models are birth weight, gestational age, sex of the child, Apgar score and mother's age. Having predictive models for preventing mortality during and post-pregnancy not only improve the mother's quality of life, as well as it can be a powerful and low-cost tool to decrease mortality ratios. CONCLUSION Based on the results of this SRL, we can state that scientific efforts have been done in this area, but there are many open research opportunities to be developed by the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisson da Silva Rocha
- grid.26141.300000 0000 9011 5442Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia da Computação, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Flavio Leandro de Morais Melo
- grid.26141.300000 0000 9011 5442Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia da Computação, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Barbara Figueiroa
- Programa Mãe Coruja Pernambucana, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Patricia Takako Endo
- grid.26141.300000 0000 9011 5442Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia da Computação, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Karlsson O, Dribe M. Maternal height and child health and schooling in sub-Saharan Africa: Decomposition and heterogeneity. Soc Sci Med 2022; 315:115480. [PMID: 36434889 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Maternal height is associated with mortality and anthropometry in low-and-middle-income countries. This paper explored residual associations and potential underlying mechanisms linking maternal height to several child outcomes using regression models with neighborhood and half-sibling fixed effects and Gelbach decomposition on 108 Demographic and Health Surveys from 37 sub-Saharan African countries. When adjusting for time of birth, twinning, sex, and survey, a single z-score (6.5 cm) increase in mother's height was associated with a 22% reduction in the average deficit in height-for-age among children under five (according to the WHO 2006 growth standard), 16% lower neonatal mortality (age <1 month) , 10% lower postneonatal mortality (age 1-11 months), 11% lower child mortality (age 12-59 months) , and 2% increase in school attendance among 7-16-year-olds. Adjusting further for maternal education, household living standards, maternal fertility and birth related factors, and neighborhood reduced the coefficients for maternal height by 22% for child height-for-age, 26% for neonatal mortality, 46% for postneonatal mortality, 56% for child mortality, and 90% for school attendance. The decomposition showed that adjusting for neighborhood had a substantial impact on the association of maternal height with all outcomes, especially child mortality. Adjusting for unobserved father and household factors also had a particularly large impact on the association with child mortality. The robustness of the relationship with neonatal mortality suggests that pregnancy and perinatal factors are an important link between maternal height and child outcomes. Adult living standards and socioeconomic and related behavioral factors likely play a small role. Genetics may also play a large role in linking maternal height and child height-for-age, especially for educated mothers, whose height was presumably impacted less by early life adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Karlsson
- Takemi Program in International Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; Centre for Economic Demography, School of Economics and Management, Lund University, P.O. Box 7080, 220 07 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Martin Dribe
- Centre for Economic Demography, School of Economics and Management, Lund University, P.O. Box 7080, 220 07 Lund, Sweden; Department of Economic History, School of Economics and Management, Lund University, P.O. Box 7080, 220 07 Lund, Sweden
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