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Jiang M, Li M, Li Y, Yu L, Zheng Y, Jiang R. Body composition in second trimester is associated with dyslipidemia in third trimester. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 310:171-179. [PMID: 38491293 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between maternal body composition during the second trimester and the occurrence of dyslipidemia in the third trimester. METHODS A cohort of 1508 pregnant women who underwent antenatal testing at Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, were included in this study. Maternal body composition was assessed using bioimpedance analysis between 14 and 22 weeks of gestation. RESULTS Among the 1508 participants, a total of 1420 individuals (94.2%) were diagnosed with dyslipidemia. Notably, there were significant differences in body composition between the normal lipid group and the dyslipidemia group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that various factors including BMI, total body water (TBW), intra-cellular water (ICW), extra-cellular water (ECW), percent body fat (PBF), visceral fat area (VFA), fat-free mass (FFM) and arm circumference (AC) during the second trimester were all found to be associated with dyslipidemia in the third trimester. CONCLUSION The present study found that maternal body composition was associated with dyslipidemia. The BMI, TBW, ICW, ECW, PBF, VFA, FFM and AC in second trimester were associated with dyslipidemia in third trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yanwei Zheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Rongzhen Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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María de los Angeles MM, del Socorro CRE, Hugo MZ, José de Jesús GG. Glucose metabolism in gestational diabetes and their relationship with fat mass / muscle mass index. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X 2024; 21:100274. [PMID: 38292823 PMCID: PMC10824678 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurox.2023.100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction During pregnancy, women experience metabolic changes that may induce insulin resistance, which can be traced to the blood glucose levels A number of factors may intervene in the metabolism of glucose in pregnant women; one of them is body composition. This factor is useful for studying metabolic diseases, for which the identification of the fat mass/muscle mass index (FMMMI) considered an especially relevant factor. Owing to their nature, techniques such as bioimpedance have been sparsely used for analysis during pregnancy. Aim This study aimed to identify the relationship between fat mass / muscle mass index and glucose metabolism in pregnant women. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study included 231 women between the ages of 18 and 35 years and 24-28 weeks of gestation, who attended a state hospital for regular check-ups and exhibited risk factors for the development of gestational diabetes (GD) according to the Current Practice Guidelines in Primary Care. The participants underwent a physical examination, anthropometric measurements bio impedance were obtained, and oral glucose tolerance curves were constructed. FMMMI was calculated. Results The prevalence of gestational diabetes was observed to be 13.4%. Women with a GD diagnosis had a significantly higher FMMMI than in those with no GD (0.746 ± 0.168 vs 0.567 ± 0.167;p < 0.005). The assessment of the FMMMI tertiles revealed that GD prevalence was higher in tertile 3 than in tertiles 1 and 2 (tertile 1: 2.6%; tertile 2: 9.1%; tertile 3: 24%). Conclusion FMMMI is associated with glucose tolerance test response in pregnant women and a higher prevalence of GD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mendieta Zerón Hugo
- School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMex), Toluca, Mexico
- Cipres Grupo Médico, S.C, Toluca, Mexico
- Mónica Pretelini Saénz5 Maternal Perinatal Hospital, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Garduño García José de Jesús
- School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMex), Toluca, Mexico
- Regional General Hospital 251, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Metepec, Mexico
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Renugasundari M, Pal GK, Chaturvedula L, Nanda N, Harichandrakumar KT, Durgadevi T. Inflammation and decreased cardiovagal modulation are linked to stress and depression at 36th week of pregnancy in gestational diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10348. [PMID: 37365247 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress and depression have been reported in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Though inflammation and oxidative stress are associated with depression, there are no reports of link of cardiometabolic risks (CMR) to stress and depression in GDM. Normal pregnant women (control group, n = 164) and women with GDM (study group, n = 176) at 36th week of gestation were recruited for the study. Blood pressure (BP), body composition, heart rate variability (HRV), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), markers of insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, were assessed. Perceived stress score (PSS), quality of life (QoL) scale, Indian diabetic risk score (IDRS) and Edinburg postnatal depression score (EPDS) were assessed. Association of potential contributors to PSS and EDPS were assessed by correlation and regression analyses. There was significant increase in PSS, EPDS, IDRS scores, HbA1C, malondialdehyde (MDA) (oxidative stress marker) and high-sensitive C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 (inflammatory markers), and significant decrease in total power (TP) of HRV (marker of cardiovagal modulation), QoL and nitric oxide (endothelial dysfunction marker) in study group compared to control group. Though many cardiometabolic risk parameters were correlated with PSS and EPDS, the significant independent association was observed for TP, HbA1C, MDA and interleukin-6. However, interleukin-6 had maximum contribution to PSS (β = 0.550, p < 0.001) and EPDS (β = 0.393, p < 0.001) as demonstrated by multiple regression analysis. Inflammation, oxidative stress, glycation status and decreased cardiovagal modulation are associated with stress and depression at 36th week of gestation in GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gopal Krushna Pal
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna, Bihar, India.
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Versele V, Stas L, Aerenhouts D, Deliens T, Clarys P, Gucciardo L, Bogaerts A, Devlieger R. Changes in maternal and paternal body composition during the transition to parenthood (TRANSPARENTS). Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:225-233. [PMID: 36471905 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The transition to parenthood might negatively influence health-related behavior and can result in increased adiposity. The aim of this study was to investigate how body composition in mother-father dyads changes from pregnancy up to 6 months post partum. METHODS Anthropometrics were collected from 144 nulliparous couples at 12 weeks of gestation (PG12) and 6 weeks (PP6WK) and 6 months (PP6M) post partum. A longitudinal dyadic confirmatory factor analysis model was used to analyze changes in body composition. Body composition was treated as a latent variable using BMI, body fat percentage, and waist circumference as indicators. RESULTS For women, latent means increased at 6 weeks post partum (PP6WK - PG12: +1.115, SE: 0.117, p < 0.001), decreased again at 6 months post partum (PP6M - PP6WK: -0.368, SE: 0.107, p < 0.001), but remained above baseline levels (PP6M - PG12: +0.747; SE: 0.115, p < 0.001). For men, the latent means at follow-up were higher than at baseline (PP6WK-PG12: +0.370, SE: 0.075; PP6M-PG12: +0.366, SE: 0.084, both p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Increases in latent means correspond to unfavorable changes in BMI, body fat percentage, and waist circumference. These changes were observed from the beginning of pregnancy up to 6 months post partum. Weight management for both women and men during pregnancy and the early postpartum period is recommended and fathers should be included in pre- and postnatal standard care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vickà Versele
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lara Stas
- Support for Quantitative and Qualitative Research (SQUARE), Core Facility, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dirk Aerenhouts
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tom Deliens
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Clarys
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leonardo Gucciardo
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Hospital Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annick Bogaerts
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Research and Innovation in Care (CRIC), University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Roland Devlieger
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Fertility, GZA Campus Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
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5
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Rosinger AY, Bethancourt HJ, Pauley AM, Latona C, John J, Kelyman A, Leonard KS, Hohman EE, McNitt K, Gernand AD, Downs DS, Savage JS. Variation in urine osmolality throughout pregnancy: a longitudinal, randomized-control trial among women with overweight and obesity. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:127-140. [PMID: 34218315 PMCID: PMC8720908 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Water needs increase during pregnancy, and proper hydration is critical for maternal and fetal health. This study characterized weekly hydration status changes throughout pregnancy and examined change in response to a randomized, behavioral intervention. An exploratory analysis tested how underhydration during pregnancy was associated with birth outcomes. METHODS The Healthy Mom Zone Study is a longitudinal, randomized-control trial intervention aiming to regulate gestational weight gain (GWG) in pregnant women with overweight/obesity (n = 27). Fourteen women received standard of care; 13 women additionally received weekly guidance on nutrition, physical activity, water intake, and health-promoting behaviors. Hydration status was measured weekly via overnight urine osmolality (Uosm) from ~ 8-36 weeks gestation; underhydration was dichotomized (Uosm ≥ 500 mOsm/kg). Gestational age- and sex-standardized birth weight and length z scores and percentiles were calculated. We used mixed-effect and linear regression models to test covariate-adjusted relationships. RESULTS No differences existed in Uosm or other characteristics between control and intervention women at baseline. Significant interactions (p = 0.01) between intervention and week of pregnancy on Uosm indicated intervention women maintained lower Uosm, whereas control women had a significant quadratic (inverse-U) relationship and greater Uosm in the second and early third trimesters. Results were consistent across robustness and sensitivity checks. Exploratory analyses suggest underhydration was associated with birth weight, but not length, in opposite ways in the second vs. third trimester. CONCLUSION A multi-component behavioral intervention helped women with overweight/obesity maintain better hydration throughout pregnancy. Future studies should confirm birth outcome results as they have important implications for early life nutrition. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03945266; registered May 10, 2019 retrospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher Y Rosinger
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Hilary J Bethancourt
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Abigail M Pauley
- Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Celine Latona
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jason John
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Alysha Kelyman
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Krista S Leonard
- Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Emily E Hohman
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Katherine McNitt
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Alison D Gernand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Danielle Symons Downs
- Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Savage
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Anthropometric cut-points for discriminating diabetes and the metabolic syndrome among Arabs and Asians: the Kuwait Diabetes Epidemiology Program. Br J Nutr 2022; 127:92-102. [PMID: 33658089 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521000751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine anthropometric cut-points for screening diabetes and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Arab and South Asian ethnic groups in Kuwait and to compare the prevalence of the MetS based on the ethnic-specific waist circumference (WC) cut-point and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute WC criteria. The national population-based survey data set of diabetes and obesity in Kuwait adults aged 18-60 years was analysed. Age-adjusted logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted to evaluate for 3589 individuals the utility of WC, waist:height ratio (WHtR) and BMI to discriminate both diabetes and ≥3 CVD risk factors. Areas under the ROC curve were similar for WC, WHtR and BMI. In Arab men, WC, WHtR and BMI cut-offs for diabetes were 106 cm, 0·55 and 28 kg/m2 and for ≥3 CVD risk factors, 97 cm, 0·55 and 28 kg/m2, respectively. In Arab women, cut-offs for diabetes were 107 cm, 0·65 and 33 kg/m2 and for ≥3 CVD risk factors, 93 cm, 0·60 and 30 kg/m2, respectively. WC cut-offs were higher for South Asian women than men. IDF-based WC cut-offs corresponded to a higher prevalence of the MetS across sex and ethnic groups, compared with Kuwait-specific cut-offs. Any of the assessed anthropometric indices can be used in screening of diabetes and ≥3 CVD risk factors in Kuwaiti Arab and Asian populations. ROC values were similar. The WC threshold for screening the MetS in Kuwaiti Arabs and South Asians is higher for women.
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Does Childcare Work Promote Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Health? A Cross-Sectional Study of Danish Childcare Workers Based on Accelerometry and Heart Rate Measurements. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312496. [PMID: 34886220 PMCID: PMC8656773 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Childcare workers are reported to have poor cardiorespiratory fitness and health. The Goldilocks Work Principle argues that productive work should be designed with the right composition, intensity and alternations of physical behaviors so that workers get fit and healthy. The purpose of this study was to investigate: (1) composition, (2) intensity and (3) alternations of physical behaviors during work and leisure among childcare workers. Data were collected using accelerometers and heart rate monitors over five workdays among 51 childcare workers at five Danish childcare institutions. Workers mainly spent their work time sedentary (43.0%), spent little time (0.7%) at sufficiently high cardiometabolic intensity to increase cardiorespiratory fitness and often alternated between physical behaviors (67.0% occurred in bouts of <5 min). These findings indicate that the workers have a composition of behaviors at work dominated by sedentary time, little time with high cardiometabolic intensity, and frequent alternations between behaviors. During leisure, workers spent more time sedentary (59.4%), more time at high cardiometabolic intensity (3.4%) and less time occurred in bouts <5 min (38.7%). We see a potential for promoting cardiorespiratory fitness and health of childcare workers by redesigning the way they play with the children, so that work time with high cardiometabolic intensity is increased.
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Shu W, Chen M, Xie Z, Huang L, Huang B, Liu P. Effect of muscle distribution on lung function in young adults. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2021; 25:707-720. [PMID: 34525871 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2021.1974848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, available research on the relationship between muscle distribution and respiratory function in healthy people is limited. OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between muscle distribution and lung function in healthy young adults. METHODS A total of 612 male and 1561 Female Chinese college students were recruited. visceral fat tissue (VAT), subcutaneous fat tissue (SAT), total body muscle mass (TMM), trunk muscle mass (TKMM), upper limb muscle mass (ULMM) and lower limb muscle mass (LLMM) was measured by body composition. Vital capacity (VC) was measured by spirometry instrument. Obesity classification was defined by muscle mass ratio (MMR), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). RESULTS Among these positive correlation parameters, male VC had a high positive correlation with TMM and LLMM, while female VC had a high positive correlation with TMM and TKMM. After the population was divided into MMR, BMI, BFP, and WHR, further analysis showed that VC was positively correlated with TMM for males with MMR-low muscle (r = 0.483; p < 0.05), BMI-underweight (r = 0.265; p < 0.05), BMI-overweight + obesity (r = 0.272; p < 0.05), BFP-low fat (r = 0.306; p < 0.05), and WHR-normal subgroups (r = 0.316; p < 0.05), while LLMM was positively correlated with VC in the MMR-normal muscle (r = 0.285; p < 0.05), BMI-normal (r = 0.305; p < 0.05), BFP-normal fat (r = 0.304; p < 0.05), and WHR obesity subgroups (r = 0.266; p < 0.05). VC was positively correlated with TMM for females with MMR-low muscle (r = 0.169; p < 0.05), MMR-normal muscle (r = 0.241; p < 0.05), BMI-underweight (r = 0.241; p < 0.05), BMI-normal (r = 0.288; p < 0.05), WHR normal (r = 0.275; p < 0.05), and BFP-low fat subgroups (r = 0.255; p < 0.05), while TKMM was positively correlated with VC in the BMI-overweight + obesity (r = 0.342; p < 0.05), WHR-obesity (r = 0.227; p < 0.05), and BFP-normal subgroups (r = 0.256; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Muscle distribution in young adults is highly correlated with VC, and this relationship is affected by gender and body types. In general, for thin, VC is more positively correlated with TMM, and for normal weight or obese, VC is more positively correlated with LLMM for males but with TKMM for females, respectively, in comparison with other tested indices. Further studies will be required to evaluate the relationship between muscle distribution and vital capacity in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Shu
- Medical Department, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Mengchi Chen
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhengyi Xie
- Medical Department, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Liqian Huang
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Binbin Huang
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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The Possibility of Using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Pregnant and Postpartum Women. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11081370. [PMID: 34441305 PMCID: PMC8391189 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a time of significant changes occurring in the composition of a woman’s body in order to provide support for the growth and development of the foetus. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is used to assess the body composition and hydration status. This technique represents a non-invasive, reliable, and fast clinical approach, which is well tolerated by patients. A segmental impedance measurement might be advantageous in pregnant women, particularly in late pregnancy. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of different applications of BIA in pregnant and postpartum women. It seems that BIA has a better prognostic potential for gestational and post-partum outcomes than body mass index. The BIA method can be successfully used to study the effect of excessive gestational weight gain in pregnancy on the development of obstetric complications. Studying the mother’s body composition and correlating it with her energy balance could facilitate the development of dietary recommendations for women. Evaluation of the body composition can provide important clues for diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women with a low risk of this disease. BIA is also used as one of the additional tests in assessing the risk of developing gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.
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Andersson-Hall U, de Maré H, Askeli F, Börjesson M, Holmäng A. Physical activity during pregnancy and association with changes in fat mass and adipokines in women of normal-weight or with obesity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12549. [PMID: 34131242 PMCID: PMC8206069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91980-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue and adipokine concentrations change markedly during pregnancy, but the effects of physical activity on these changes are rarely studied. We aimed to assess physical activity levels in pregnant women of normal-weight (NW) or with obesity (OB), and to determine the relation with changes in fat mass and adipokines. In each trimester, pregnant women (136 NW, 51 OB) were interviewed about their physical activity and had their body composition, leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) and adiponectin determined. NW reported higher activity and more aerobic exercise than OB during early pregnancy. Both groups maintained training frequency but reduced overall activity as pregnancy progressed. NW women reporting aerobic and/or resistance exercise and OB women reporting aerobic exercise had greater sOB-R increases (independent of BMI or gestational weight gain). In NW, exercise also associated with lower fat mass and leptin increases. Higher activity levels associated with lower gestational weight gain in both groups. The relationship between physical activity and adiponectin differed between NW and OB. Maternal exercise may partly mediate its beneficial effects through regulation of leptin bioavailability, by enhancing pregnancy-induced increases in sOB-R. This could be of particular importance in OB with pre-gestational hyperleptinemia and leptin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Andersson-Hall
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Hanna de Maré
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Freja Askeli
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, Centre for Health and Performance, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Acute and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of MGA, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region of Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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11
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Dhillon P, Kaur I, Singh K. Pregnancy-induced hypertension: Role of drug therapy and nutrition in the management of hypertension. PHARMANUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2021.100251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Prado-Nóvoa O, Rodríguez J, Martín García A, Mateos A. Body composition helps: Differences in energy expenditure between pregnant and nonpregnant females. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 33:e23518. [PMID: 33155733 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human pregnancy is associated with important physiological changes that usually increase energetic requirements. However, great variability exists in the costs and mechanisms required to bear pregnancy. Since body mass (BM) and composition are modified during gestation, it is of great interest to compare the influence of BM on energy expenditure (EE) in pregnant and nonpregnant females. METHODS BM, body composition, and EE of 77 volunteers (35 pregnant and 42 nonpregnant females) were measured. The pregnant volunteers completed two measurement rounds at 28 and 32 gestation weeks. Differences on the measured parameters were sought, and comparison of regression lines was computed to test how BM affected the EE of the volunteers. RESULTS BM and body composition parameters are significantly higher in pregnant females, but EE is not statistically different. Pregnant females have a larger percentage of fat mass, but lower percentage of fat-free mass (FFM). The EE per kg of FFM is similar in both groups. Comparison of regression lines shows that pregnancy does not change the relationship between BM and EE, but for similar BM pregnant females expend less energy than nonpregnant females. CONCLUSIONS We propose that their larger percentage of passive body tissues is the reason why pregnant females expend less energy than nonpregnant females of similar BM, without changing the scaling of EE on BM. Thus, pregnancy could not be as energetically constraining as usually assumed, with important consequences for human reproductive ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalla Prado-Nóvoa
- Postgraduate School of Human Evolution, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez
- Paleobiology Program, National Research Center on Human Evolution (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
| | - Adrián Martín García
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Ana Mateos
- Paleobiology Program, National Research Center on Human Evolution (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
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Orsso CE, Colin-Ramirez E, Field CJ, Madsen KL, Prado CM, Haqq AM. Adipose Tissue Development and Expansion from the Womb to Adolescence: An Overview. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2735. [PMID: 32911676 PMCID: PMC7551046 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevalence rates of pediatric obesity continue to rise worldwide. Adipose tissue (AT) development and expansion initiate in the fetus and extend throughout the lifespan. This paper presents an overview of the AT developmental trajectories from the intrauterine period to adolescence; factors determining adiposity expansion are also discussed. The greatest fetal increases in AT were observed in the third pregnancy trimester, with growing evidence suggesting that maternal health and nutrition, toxin exposure, and genetic defects impact AT development. From birth up to six months, healthy term newborns experience steep increases in AT; but a subsequent reduction in AT is observed during infancy. Important determinants of AT in infancy identified in this review included feeding practices and factors shaping the gut microbiome. Low AT accrual rates are maintained up to puberty onset, at which time, the pattern of adiposity expansion becomes sex dependent. As girls experience rapid increases and boys experience decreases in AT, sexual dimorphism in hormone secretion can be considered the main contributor for changes. Eating patterns/behaviors and interactions between dietary components, gut microbiome, and immune cells also influence AT expansion. Despite the plasticity of this tissue, substantial evidence supports that adiposity at birth and infancy highly influences its levels across subsequent life stages. Thus, a unique window of opportunity for the prevention and/or slowing down of the predisposition toward obesity, exists from pregnancy through childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila E. Orsso
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (C.E.O.); (C.J.F.); (C.M.P.)
| | | | - Catherine J. Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (C.E.O.); (C.J.F.); (C.M.P.)
| | - Karen L. Madsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2C2, Canada;
| | - Carla M. Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (C.E.O.); (C.J.F.); (C.M.P.)
| | - Andrea M. Haqq
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
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