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Xiong T, He P, Zhou M, Zhong D, Yang T, He W, Xu Z, Chen Z, Liu YW, Dai SS. Glutamate blunts cell-killing effects of neutrophils in tumor microenvironment. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:1955-1967. [PMID: 35363928 PMCID: PMC9207372 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first defenders of the innate system for injury and infection. They have gradually been recognized as important participants in tumor initiation and development due to their heterogeneity and plasticity. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), neutrophils can exert antitumor and protumor functions, depending on the surroundings. Tumor cells systemically alter intracellular amino acid (AA) metabolism and extracellular AA distribution to meet their proliferation need, leading to metabolic reprogramming and TME reshaping. However, the underlying mechanisms that determine how altered AAs affect neutrophils in TME are less‐explored. Here, we identified that abundant glutamate releasing from tumor cells blunted neutrophils’ cell‐killing effects toward tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Mass spectrometric detection, flow cytometry, and western blot experiments proved that increased levels of pSTAT3/RAB10/ARF4, mediated by glutamate, were accompanied with immunosuppressive phenotypes of neutrophils in TME. We also discovered that riluzole, an FDA‐approved glutamate release inhibitor, significantly inhibited tumor growth by restoring neutrophils’ cell‐killing effects and decreasing glutamate secretion from tumor cells. These findings highlight the importance of tumor‐released glutamate on neutrophil transformation in TME, providing new possible cancer treatments targeting altered glutamate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Dan Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Teng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Wenhui He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Zhizhen Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Zongtao Chen
- Health Management Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Yang-Wuyue Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
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Oz O, Koyuncu I, Gonel A. A Pilot Study for Investigation of Plasma Amino Acid Profile in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Patients. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 25:114-122. [PMID: 33280590 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666201204143206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofibromatosis, also known as Von Recklinghausen disease, is a systemic and progressive genetic disease that primarily affects the skin, eyes, nervous system and bones. The disease can occur in a variety of ways and can vary from individuals. Metabolomic-based research using blood samples has enabled new diagnostic methods to be used in the diagnosis of various diseases, especially cancer. Among metabolites, profiling of plasma free amino acids (PFAA) is a promising approach because PFAAs bind all organ systems and play an important role in metabolism. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the characteristics of PFAA profiles in neurofibromatosis patients and the possibility of using them for early detection and treatment of the disease. METHOD Patients with a diagnosis of Neurofibromatosis Type I confirmed by genetic analysis and healthy individuals of the same age group without any disease were included in the study. We analysed the nineteen plasma free amino acids (phenylalanine, proline, threonine, arginine, asparagine, cystine, valine, glutamate, tyrosine, serine, glutamine, glycine, tryptophane, leucine, lysine, methionine, isoleucine, aspartate and alanine) from neurofibromatosis Type I patients and control group by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in Metabolism Laboratory of Harran University Research and Application Hospital. The results of the plasma free amino acid levels were divided into 3 groups as essential, semi-essential and non-essential. The differences of amino acid levels between groups were determined. RESULTS Eight amino acid levels (methionine, arginine, cystine, glutamine, proline, asparagine, serine, aspartate) were significantly altered in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. In essential amino acids, methionine levels were significantly higher in the patient group than the control group. While the levels of arginine and glutamine in semi-essential amino acids were statistically significantly higher in the patient group, a significant decrease was observed in cystine and proline levels compared to the control group's amino acid levels. In non-essential amino acids group, asparagine, serine and aspartate amino acid levels were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION The current research predicates that eight amino acids, nsmely methionine, arginine, cystine, glutamine, proline, asparagine, serine, aspartate can be considered to be valuable biomarkers for neurofibromatosis type I. This present study is the first to build models for neurofibromatosis Type I screening using plasma free amino acids and the amino acid profile will guide the predicting of the complications that may occur during the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Oz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Harran University. Turkey
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, Harran University. Turkey
| | - Ataman Gonel
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, Harran University. Turkey
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Peñaloza HF, Ahn D, Schultz BM, Piña-Iturbe A, González LA, Bueno SM. L-Arginine Enhances Intracellular Killing of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 by Murine Neutrophils. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:571771. [PMID: 33282749 PMCID: PMC7691228 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.571771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 (CRKP-ST258) are a global concern due to their rapid dissemination, high lethality, antibiotic resistance and resistance to components of the immune response, such as neutrophils. Neutrophils are major host mediators, able to kill well-studied and antibiotic-sensitive laboratory reference strains of K. pneumoniae. However, CRKP-ST258 are able to evade neutrophil phagocytic killing, persisting longer in the host despite robust neutrophil recruitment. Here, we show that neutrophils are unable to clear a CRKP-ST258 isolate (KP35). Compared to the response elicited by a prototypic K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (KPPR1), the neutrophil intracellular response against KP35 is characterized by equivalent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and myeloperoxidase content, but impaired phagosomal acidification. Our results ruled out that this phenomenon is due to a phagocytosis defect, as we observed similar efficiency of phagocytosis by neutrophils infected with KP35 or KPPR1. Genomic analysis of the cps loci of KPPR1 and KP35 suggest that the capsule composition of KP35 explain the high phagocytosis efficiency by neutrophils. Consistent with other reports, we show that KP35 did not induce DNA release by neutrophils and KPPR1 only induced it at 3 h, when most of the bacteria have already been cleared. l-arginine metabolism has been identified as an important modulator of the host immune response and positively regulate T cells, macrophages and neutrophils in response to microbes. Our data show that l-arginine supplementation improved phagosome acidification, increased ROS production and enhanced nitric oxide consumption by neutrophils in response to KP35. The enhanced intracellular response observed after l-arginine supplementation ultimately improved KP35 clearance in vitro. KP35 was able to dysregulate the intracellular microbicidal machinery of neutrophils to survive in the intracellular environment. This process, however, can be reversed after l-arginine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán F Peñaloza
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Danielle Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bárbara M Schultz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Piña-Iturbe
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Liliana A González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Sciascia QL, van der Linden DS, Sales FA, Wards NJ, Blair HT, Pacheco D, Oliver MH, McCoard SA. Parenteral administration of l-arginine to twin-bearing Romney ewes during late pregnancy is associated with reduced milk somatic cell count during early lactation. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:3071-3081. [PMID: 30712927 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Maternal milk is the primary source of nutrition for suckling mammals, and its yield and composition are important determinants of survival during the early neonatal period. The objective of this study was to examine whether parenteral administration of l-Arg to twin-bearing ewes, during mid to late pregnancy, influenced prepartum maternal mammary gland development and subsequent lactation performance in the early postpartum period (14 d). At 80 d of pregnancy, multiparous Romney ewes were housed indoors in group pens, split into 2 cohorts, and fed a lucerne-based pellet diet, formulated to meet 100% of National Research Council-recommended requirements for twin-bearing pregnant ewes, once a day. Cohort 1 was administered l-Arg (72.7 mg/kg of live weight via i.v, 3 times a day) from d 100 of pregnancy until d 140. At d 140, ewes were euthanized and maternal mammary tissues were collected for analysis of the biochemical indices total DNA, RNA, protein, protein synthetic efficiency (protein:RNA), cell size (protein:DNA), transcriptional efficiency (RNA:DNA), and the abundance of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and mTORSer2448 protein. Cohort 2 was administered an identical l-Arg regimen as cohort 1, but from d 100 until parturition. Milk was collected over a 14-d period (d 1, 4, 7, 10, and 14) to assess milk yield and composition. In cohort 1, total mammary DNA (cell number) tended to be higher in l-Arg ewes, with no change in total mammary RNA or protein content, biochemical indices of protein synthetic efficiency, cell size or transcriptional efficiency, or mTOR protein abundance or phosphorylation. In cohort 2, milk composition analysis from l-Arg ewes showed lower (d 7-14) milk somatic cell counts, greater crude protein percentage from d 7 to 10 but lower at d 14, and altered absolute concentrations of some free AA (d 7 and 14) compared with controls. We propose that parenteral administration of l-Arg during late pregnancy is associated with increased mammary gland cellular content and decreased somatic cell counts during early lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin L Sciascia
- AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; Gravida, National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Danitsja S van der Linden
- AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; Gravida, National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Francisco A Sales
- AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; Gravida, National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Nina J Wards
- AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Hugh T Blair
- Gravida, National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; International Sheep Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - David Pacheco
- AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Mark H Oliver
- Gravida, National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Ngapouri Research Farm, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 3083, New Zealand
| | - Susan A McCoard
- AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; Gravida, National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
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Do HT, Chua YZ, Habicht J, Klinksiek M, Hallermann M, Zaitsau D, Schick C, Held C. Melting properties of peptides and their solubility in water. Part 1: dipeptides based on glycine or alanine. RSC Adv 2019; 9:32722-32734. [PMID: 35529741 PMCID: PMC9073158 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05730g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Melting properties (melting temperature, melting enthalpy and heat capacity difference between liquid and solid phase) of biomolecules are indispensable for natural and engineering sciences. The direct determination of these melting properties by using conventional calorimeters for biological compounds is often not possible due to decomposition during slow heating. In the current study this drawback is overcome by using fast scanning calorimetry (FSC) to directly measure the melting properties of five dipeptides (glycyl-glycine, glycyl-l-alanine, l-alanyl-glycine, l-alanyl-l-alanine and cyclo(l-alanyl-glycine)). The experimental melting properties were used as inputs into a thermodynamic solid–liquid equilibrium relation to predict solubility of the dipeptides in water. The required activity coefficients were predicted with PC-SAFT using solubility-independent model parameters. PC-SAFT predicted different solubility profiles (solubility vs. temperature) of isomers. The predictions were validated by new experimental solubility data, and the crystal structure of the dipeptides in saturated solution was verified by X-ray diffraction. The different water solubility profiles of isomers (glycyl-l-alanine and l-alanyl-glycine) were found to be caused by the big difference in the melting enthalpy of the two dipeptides. To conclude, combining the PC-SAFT and FSC methods allows for accurate prediction of dipeptide solubility in water in a wide temperature range without the need to fit any model parameters to experimental solubility data. Combination of the PC-SAFT and FSC methods allows for accurate prediction of dipeptide solubility in water in a wide temperature range without the need to fit any model parameters to experimental solubility data.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Tam Do
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics
- TU Dortmund University
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - Yeong Zen Chua
- Institute of Physics
- University of Rostock
- 18051 Rostock
- Germany
- Competence Centre CALOR
| | - Jonas Habicht
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics
- TU Dortmund University
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - Marcel Klinksiek
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics
- TU Dortmund University
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - Moritz Hallermann
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics
- TU Dortmund University
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - Dzmitry Zaitsau
- Competence Centre CALOR
- University of Rostock
- 18051 Rostock
- Germany
- Institute of Chemistry
| | - Christoph Schick
- Institute of Physics
- University of Rostock
- 18051 Rostock
- Germany
- Competence Centre CALOR
| | - Christoph Held
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics
- TU Dortmund University
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
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6
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Liang H, Mokrani A, Ji K, Ge X, Ren M, Pan L, Sun A. Effects of dietary arginine on intestinal antioxidant status and immunity involved in Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathway in juvenile blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:243-249. [PMID: 30125704 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study assessed the effects of dietary arginine on intestinal antioxidant status and immunity involved in Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathway in juvenile blunt snout bream. Fish were fed three practical diets with graded arginine levels (0.87%, 1.62% and 2.70%) for 8 weeks. Compared with the control group (0.87%), the counts of white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) and hemoglobin (HGB) content were significantly improved at dietary arginine levels of 1.62% (P<0.05). Plasma albumin (ALB) levels and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were significantly improved at dietary arginine levels of 1.62% and 2.70% (P < 0.05). Alanine transaminase (ALT) activity was decreased in fish fed with 1.62% dietary arginine level (P<0.05). Plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) activities, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activities and glutathione (GSH) levels were significantly increased at dietary arginine levels of 1.62% and 2.70% (P<0.05). Plasma total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activities and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly improved in fish fed with 1.62% dietary arginine level. Significantly higher manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity was observed in fish fed with 1.62% dietary arginine level compared with 2.70% dietary arginine level (P<0.05). 1.62% and 2.70% dietary arginine levels significantly lowered malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The relative expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was significantly increased in fish fed with 1.62% dietary arginine level, inversely, the relative expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) showed a converse trend. 1.62% and 2.70% dietary arginine levels significantly improved the relative expressions of Cu/Zn-SOD, GPx and CAT. Furthermore, 2.70% dietary arginine level significantly lowered the relative expression of Mn-SOD compared with the control group and 1.62% dietary arginine levels. The relative expressions of Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were lowered in fish fed with 1.62% dietary arginine level. 1.62% and 2.70% dietary arginine levels significantly improved the relative expressions of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Hematocrit (HCT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, interleukin 8 (IL-8) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) expressions were not significantly affected by the graded dietary arginine levels. These results suggest that the optimal dietary arginine level plays an important role in enhancing antioxidant and immune status to maintain the intestinal health of juvenile blunt snout bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualiang Liang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Ahmed Mokrani
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Ke Ji
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Xianping Ge
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Liangkun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Ajun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
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7
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Carvalho PLPF, Yamamoto FY, Barros MM, Gatlin Iii DM. l-glutamine in vitro supplementation enhances Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) leukocyte function. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:592-599. [PMID: 29960065 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Under appropriate conditions, glutamine (Gln) is an essential nutrient for immunological responses, acting as a metabolic substrate for proliferation of enterocytes and lymphocytes, and having positive effects on the function of stimulated immune cells. Thus, specific components of both innate and adaptive immune systems of Nile tilapia were evaluated after supplementing Gln to cell culture media. Primary cell cultures of kidney leukocytes were used for respiratory burst and phagocytic activity assessment. The ability of macrophages to kill Streptococcus iniae also was evaluated. Additionally, a proliferation assay was conducted with peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) exposed to non-specific mitogens. Results showed that macrophage phagocytosis, anion superoxide production, and bactericidal capacity were significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced by Gln supplementation to the culture media. The proliferation of lymphocytes upon mitogenic exposure also was significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced by Gln supplementation to the media. Our results suggest that in vitro, different levels of Gln were necessary for optimal immunological responses of leukocytes and lymphocytes. As such, Gln supplementation was able to enhance and modulate both innate and adaptive responses of Nile tilapia leukocytes, highlighting its potential application as an immunonutrient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L P F Carvalho
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX, 77843-2258, USA.
| | - Fernando Y Yamamoto
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX, 77843-2258, USA.
| | - Margarida M Barros
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Delbert M Gatlin Iii
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX, 77843-2258, USA.
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8
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Solid-liquid equilibrium of l-alanyl-l-glutamine form II in methanol + water and isopropanol + water systems. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Tanaka R, Miyamoto H, Inoue SI, Shigeta K, Kondo M, Ito T, Kodama H, Miyamoto H, Matsushita T. Thermophile-fermented compost as a fish feed additive modulates lipid peroxidation and free amino acid contents in the muscle of the carp, Cyprinus carpio. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 121:530-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Wang G, Wang Y, Zhang J, Luan Q, Ma Y, Hao H. Modeling and Simulation of Thermodynamic Properties of l-Alanyl-l-Glutamine in Different Solvents. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie404081c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, and ‡Tianjin Key Laboratory
of Modern
Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yongli Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, and ‡Tianjin Key Laboratory
of Modern
Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, and ‡Tianjin Key Laboratory
of Modern
Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qinghua Luan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, and ‡Tianjin Key Laboratory
of Modern
Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Youguang Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, and ‡Tianjin Key Laboratory
of Modern
Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongxun Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, and ‡Tianjin Key Laboratory
of Modern
Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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11
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Pohlenz C, Buentello A, Mwangi W, Gatlin DM. Arginine and glutamine supplementation to culture media improves the performance of various channel catfish immune cells. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 32:762-768. [PMID: 22326940 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Specific components of both the innate and adaptive immune systems of channel catfish were evaluated after supplementation of culture media with arginine (ARG) and/or glutamine (GLN). Primary cell cultures of head-kidney macrophages (MØ) were used for phagocytic and bactericidal assays against Edwardsiella ictaluri. Additionally, proliferation assays were conducted with naïve peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) exposed to non-specific mitogens. To indirectly assess amino acid utilization of both MØ and PBL, amino acid levels, with emphasis on ARG and GLN, were evaluated in the basal medium before and after activation or mitogenic exposure. After bactericidal and proliferation assays, the sum of the media free amino acid pool significantly (P < 0.05) decreased 23% and 45%, respectively. Glutamine levels in medium decreased by 38% and ARG by 18% during the bactericidal assay. Also, decreases of 52 and 46% from initial values were found after the proliferation assay for GLN and ARG, respectively. Macrophage phagocytosis and killing ability was significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced by ARG supplementation to culture media regardless of GLN supplementation. Proliferation of naïve T- and B-lymphocytes upon mitogenic exposure was significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced by supplementing ARG and GLN to the media, but limited synergistic effects were observed. These results suggest that in vitro, ARG and GLN are important substrates and immunomodulators of both innate and adaptive responses in fish leukocytes, and further highlights the potential use of ARG and GLN as immunonutrients in aquafeeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Pohlenz
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences and Intercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Ohtani M, Kawada S, Seki T, Okamoto Y. Amino acid and vitamin supplementation improved health conditions in elderly participants. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 50:162-8. [PMID: 22448099 PMCID: PMC3303480 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.11-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementation with amino acids and vitamins on health conditions in unhealthy older people. One bedridden inpatient group (n = 10; mean age, 79.8 ± 8.5 y) and one outpatient group (n = 9; mean age, 72.9 ± 12.2 y) participated in this study. A mixture supplementation with amino acids containing arginine (500 mg/day), glutamine (600 mg/day), and leucine (1200 mg/day), and 11 kinds of vitamins was daily administrated for 8 weeks. In both groups, general blood biomarkers such as white blood cell count, natural killer cell activity, and C-reactive protein levels were measured. All measurements were taken before (baseline), at 4 weeks (mid-point), and after each trial (post-point). At mid-point, natural killer cell activity in the outpatient group increased significantly compared to baseline. At post-point, natural killer cell activity in the outpatient and inpatient groups increased significantly compared to baseline. The other blood biomarkers did not show any significant change throughout the trial. This pilot study suggested that a mixture of arginine, glutamine, leucine, and vitamins is useful to support innate immunity in unhealthy older people, even if their diseases, symptoms, and prescribed medicines are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Ohtani
- Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8563, Japan
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Pyruvate: immunonutritional effects on neutrophil intracellular amino or alpha-keto acid profiles and reactive oxygen species production. Amino Acids 2010; 40:1077-90. [PMID: 20839016 PMCID: PMC3061003 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0731-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
For the first time the immunonutritional role of pyruvate on neutrophils (PMN), free α-keto and amino acid profiles, important reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced [superoxide anion (O(2) (-)), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))] as well as released myeloperoxidase (MPO) acitivity has been investigated. Exogenous pyruvate significantly increased PMN pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, asparagine, glutamine, aspartate, glutamate, arginine, citrulline, alanine, glycine and serine in a dose as well as duration of exposure dependent manner. Moreover, increases in O(2) (-) formation, H(2)O(2)-generation and MPO acitivity in parallel with intracellular pyruvate changes have also been detected. Regarding the interesting findings presented here we believe, that pyruvate fulfils considerably the criteria for a potent immunonutritional molecule in the regulation of the PMN dynamic α-keto and amino acid pools. Moreover it also plays an important role in parallel modulation of the granulocyte-dependent innate immune regulation. Although further research is necessary to clarify pyruvate's sole therapeutical role in critically ill patients' immunonutrition, the first scientific successes seem to be very promising.
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Seki Y, Sahara Y, Itoh E, Kawamura T. Suppressed neutrophil respiratory burst in patients with haemorrhagic stroke. J Clin Neurosci 2010; 17:187-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2009.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Davis JS, Darcy CJ, Piera K, McNeil YR, Woodberry T, Anstey NM. Ex-vivo changes in amino acid concentrations from blood stored at room temperature or on ice: implications for arginine and taurine measurements. BMC Clin Pathol 2009; 9:10. [PMID: 19941666 PMCID: PMC2785822 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6890-9-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Determination of the plasma concentrations of arginine and other amino acids is important for understanding pathophysiology, immunopathology and nutritional supplementation in human disease. Delays in processing of blood samples cause a change in amino acid concentrations, but this has not been precisely quantified. We aimed to describe the concentration time profile of twenty-two amino acids in blood from healthy volunteers, stored at room temperature or on ice. Methods Venous blood was taken from six healthy volunteers and stored at room temperature or in an ice slurry. Plasma was separated at six time points over 24 hours and amino acid levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results Median plasma arginine concentrations decreased rapidly at room temperature, with a 6% decrease at 30 minutes, 25% decrease at 2 hours and 43% decrease at 24 hours. Plasma ornithine increased exponentially over the same period. Plasma arginine was stable in blood stored on ice, with a < 10% change over 24 hours. Plasma taurine increased by 100% over 24 hours, and this change was not prevented by ice. Most other amino acids increased over time at room temperature but not on ice. Conclusion Plasma arginine concentrations in stored blood fall rapidly at room temperature, but remain stable on ice for at least 24 hours. Blood samples taken for the determination of plasma amino acid concentrations either should be placed immediately on ice or processed within 30 minutes of collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Davis
- International Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia.
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16
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Debats IBJG, Wolfs TGAM, Gotoh T, Cleutjens JPM, Peutz-Kootstra CJ, van der Hulst RRWJ. Role of arginine in superficial wound healing in man. Nitric Oxide 2009; 21:175-83. [PMID: 19638312 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arginine supplementation has been identified as advantageous in experimental wound healing. However, the mechanisms underlying this beneficial effect in tissue repair remain unresolved. Animal studies suggest that the beneficial role of arginine supplementation is mediated, at least in part through NO. The latter component mediates processes involved in tissue repair, including angiogenesis, epithelialization and collagen formation. This prospective study is performed to investigate arginine metabolism in acute surgical wounds in man. Expression of enzymes, known to be involved in arginine metabolism, was studied in donor sites of skin grafts of 10 hospitalized patients undergoing skin transplantation. Plasma and wound fluid levels of arginine metabolites (ornithine, citrulline, nitrate and nitrite = NOx) were measured using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Expression of iNOS, eNOS, arginase-1 and arginase-2 was studied by immunohistochemistry in paraffin sections of skin tissue. Arginase-1 concentration was measured in plasma and wound fluid using ELISA. Arginase-2 was determined using Western blot analysis. We observed increased levels of citrulline, ornithine, NOx and arginase-1 in wound fluid when compared with plasma. Arginase-2 was expressed in both plasma and wound fluid and seemed higher in plasma. iNOS was expressed by neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts, keratinocytes and endothelial cells upon wounding, whereas eNOS reactivity was observed in endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Arginase-1 was expressed in neutrophils post-wounding, while arginase-2 staining was observed in endothelial cells, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages and neutrophils. For the first time, human data support previous animal studies suggesting arginine metabolism for an NO- as well as arginase-mediated reparation of injured skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B J G Debats
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Handsurgery, University Hospital Maastricht, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Effects of α-ketoglutarate on neutrophil intracellular amino and α-keto acid profiles and ROS production. Amino Acids 2009; 38:167-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-008-0224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Mühling J, Nickolaus KA, Matejec R, Langefeld TW, Harbach H, Engel J, Wolff M, Weismüller K, Fuchs M, Welters ID, Krüll M, Heidt MC, Hempelmann G. Which mechanisms are involved in taurine-dependent granulocytic immune response or amino- and α-keto acid homeostasis? Amino Acids 2007; 34:257-70. [PMID: 17334904 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 01/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of beta-alanine (taurine analogue and taurine transport antagonist), taurine (regarding its role in neutrophil (PMN) immunonutrition) and taurine combined either with L-NAME (inhibitor of *NO-synthase), SNAP (*NO donor), DON (glutamine-analogue and inhibitor of glutamine-requiring enzymes), DFMO (inhibitor of ornithine-decarboxylase) and beta-alanine on neutrophil amino- and alpha-keto acid profiles or important PMN immune functions in order to establish whether taurine transport-, nitric oxide-, glutamine- or ornithine-dependent mechanisms are involved in any of the taurine-induced effects. According to the present findings, the taurine-mediated effect appears to be based primarily on a modulation of important transmembraneous transport mechanisms and only secondarily on directly or indirectly induced modifications in intragranulocytic amino- and alpha-keto acid homoeostasis or metabolism. Although a direct relation to the parallel observed immunological modifications can only be presumed, these results show very clearly that compositional modifications in the free intragranulocytic amino- and alpha keto-acid pools coinciding with changes in intragranulocytic taurine levels are relevant metabolic determinants that can significantly influence the magnitude and quality of the granulocytic immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mühling
- Clinics of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Federal Republic of Germany.
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Mühling J, Burchert D, Langefeld TW, Matejec R, Harbach H, Engel J, Wolff M, Welters ID, Fuchs M, Menges T, Krüll M, Hempelmann G. Pathways involved in alanyl-glutamine-induced changes in neutrophil amino- and α-keto acid homeostasis or immunocompetence. Amino Acids 2006; 33:511-24. [PMID: 17072790 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-006-0395-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Accepted: 07/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of DON [glutamine-analogue and inhibitor of glutamine-requiring enzymes], alanyl-glutamine (regarding its role in neutrophil immunonutrition) and alanyl-glutamine combined with L-NAME, SNAP, DON, beta-alanine and DFMO on neutrophil amino and alpha-keto acid concentrations or important neutrophil immune functions in order to establish whether an inhibitor of *NO-synthase [L-NAME], an *NO donor [SNAP], an analogue of taurine and a taurine transport antagonist [beta-alanine], an inhibitor of ornithine-decarboxylase [DFMO] as well as DON could influence any of the alanyl-glutamine-induced effects. In summary, irrespective of which pharmacological, metabolism-inhibiting or receptor-mediated mechanisms were involved, our results showed that impairment of granulocytic glutamine uptake, modulation of intracellular glutamine metabolisation and/or de novo synthesis as well as a blockade of important glutamine-dependent metabolic processes may led to significant modifications of physiological and immunological functions of the affected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mühling
- Clinic of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Federal Republic of Germany.
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Moriguti JC, Ferriolli E, Donadi EA, Marchini JS. Effects of arginine supplementation on the humoral and innate immune response of older people. Eur J Clin Nutr 2005; 59:1362-6. [PMID: 16047027 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether oral supplementation with arginine affects the humoral and innate immune response after vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae in a group of people aged 60 y and older, free-living in the community. DESIGN A randomized controlled trial with one supplemented group and one control group. SETTING Older persons living in the community. SUBJECTS A total of 29 adults aged 60 y and older. INTERVENTIONS The older people were randomized into two groups, one with arginine supplementation (15 g/day) for 4 weeks after pneumococcal vaccine. The control group received only the vaccine. Anthropometric measurements and immune system function parameters: neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis, natural killer cell activity, determination of serum pneumococcal polysaccharide antibodies and serum C3 and C4. RESULTS Neutrophil phagocytosis and the serum concentration of complement (C3 and C4) did not differ between groups. IgG antibodies against pneumococcal polysaccharide serotypes 1, 5 and 6B increased in both groups. The following parameters increased in the arginine-supplemented group compared to the nonsupplemented group: neutrophil chemotaxis (34 vs 19 units of migration, P = 0.002), natural killer cell cytotoxicity (23.3 vs 13.4 10 M/Ul 40%, P = 0.011) and IgG against antigen 5 (12.3 vs 6.2 mug/ml, P = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that, after the pneumococcal vaccine, the intake of arginine increased neutrophil chemotaxis, natural killer cytotoxicity and serum concentration of IgG against antigen 5 in older people. These results suggest that arginine supplementation may enhance the immune response elicited by the pneumococcal vaccine in older people. SPONSORSHIP Supported in part by CAPES and FAEPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Moriguti
- School of Nutrition and School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Mühling J, Nickolaus KA, Halabi M, Fuchs M, Krüll M, Engel J, Wolff M, Matejec R, Langefeld TW, Welters ID, Menges T, Dehne MG, Sablotzki A, Hempelmann G. Alterations in neutrophil (PMN) free intracellular alpha-keto acid profiles and immune functions induced by L-alanyl-L-glutamine, arginine or taurine. Amino Acids 2005; 29:289-300. [PMID: 16027960 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-005-0223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2005] [Accepted: 05/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the dose as well as duration of exposure-dependent effects of L-alanyl-L-glutamine, arginine or taurine on polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) free alpha-keto acid profiles and, in a parallel study, on PMN immune functions. Exogenous L-alanyl-L-glutamine significantly increased PMN alpha-ketoglutarate, pyruvate PMN superoxide anion (O2-) generation, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) formation and released myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Arginine also led to significant increases in alpha-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, MPO release and H2O2 generation. Formation of O2- on the other hand was decreased by arginine. Incubation with taurine resulted in lower intracellular pyruvate and alpha-ketobutyrate levels, decreased O2- and H2O2 formation and a concomitant significantly increased MPO activity. We therefore believe that considerable changes in PMN free-alpha-keto-acid profiles, induced for example by L-alanyl-L-glutamine, arginine or taurine, may be one of the determinants in cell nutrition that considerably modulates the immunological competence of PMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mühling
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Pain Therapy, University Hospital, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
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Giordano C, Lucente G, Nalli M, Pagani Zecchini G, Paglialunga Paradisi M, Varani K, Spisani S. Synthesis and activity of HCO–Met–Leu–Phe–OMe analogues containing β-alanine or taurine at the central position. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 58:1121-30. [PMID: 14572863 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(03)00165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
New synthetic analogues of the chemotactic N-formyltripeptide HCO-Met-Leu-Phe-OMe have been synthesized. The reported new models, namely Boc-Met-beta-Ala-Phe-OMe (1), HCO-Met-beta-Ala-Phe-OMe (2), Boc-Met-Tau-Phe-OMe (3), HCO-Met-Tau-Phe-OMe (4) and HCl.Met-Tau-Phe-OMe (5), are characterized by the presence at the central position of a residue of beta-alanine or 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (taurine) replacing the native L-leucine. Whereas tripeptides 1 and 2 have been found quite inactive as chemoattractants, all the three models containing the Tau residue exhibit a remarkable activity. Superoxide anion production and lysozyme release have been also evaluated and the biological results are discussed together with the conformational preferences of the examined models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Giordano
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, Sezione di Roma c/o, Dipartimento di Studi Farmaceutici, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza', P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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