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Roth LM, Czernobilsky B, Mann SA, Cheng L. Gonadoblastoma versus ovarian mixed germ cell-sex cord stromal tumor in women or girls with no evidence of a disorder of sex development: A problem in differential diagnosis. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153198. [PMID: 33002849 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Gonadoblastoma occurring in a normal girl or woman has been confused with ovarian mixed germ cell-sex cord stromal tumor (MGC-SCST) due to a lack of knowledge that the former occurs occasionally in a normal woman or girl. In this article, we develop histological criteria that facilitate the distinction of gonadoblastoma in an individual with a normal karyotype and no evidence of a disorder of sex development from ovarian MGC-SCST. We reviewed the histological findings of gonadoblastoma occurring in normal individuals and compared them to cases of ovarian MGC-SCST in our files. The histological findings of gonadoblastoma differ substantially from those of ovarian MGC-SCST. Importantly, gonadoblastoma contains two types of transformed germ cells, some histologically benign and others premalignant, whereas MGC-SCST contains only a single type, typically premalignant in the ovary and benign in the testis. Furthermore, degenerative changes of hyalinization and calcification are common in gonadoblastoma, whereas they are extremely rare in MGC-SCST. Although the great majority of cases of gonadoblastoma occur in an individual with a disorder of sex development and an abnormal karyotype, a substantial number arise in a normal woman or girl with no evidence of a disorder of sex development. In the latter circumstance, it is important to distinguish gonadoblastoma from ovarian MGC-SCST. It is very likely that those gonadoblastomas arising in a normal individual develop through a different molecular pathway than the ones that occur in the dysgenetic gonads of an individual with a disorder of sex development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Roth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Van Nuys Medical Science Building 128, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46240-5120, United States.
| | | | - Steven Alexander Mann
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Van Nuys Medical Science Building 128, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46240-5120, United States
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Van Nuys Medical Science Building 128, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46240-5120, United States; Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46240-5120, United States
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Gonadoblastoma in individuals with a normal karyotype and no evidence of a disorder of sex development. Pathology 2020; 52:605-607. [PMID: 32616344 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Arafah MA, Raddaoui LE. Malignant Mixed Germ Cell Tumor Overgrowing a Gonadoblastoma in a Female With a 46, XX Karyotype: A Case Report. Int J Surg Pathol 2017; 26:287-292. [DOI: 10.1177/1066896917744342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Arafah
- King Saud University and King Khaled University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Mixed Gonadal Germ Cell Tumor Composed of a Spermatocytic Tumor-Like Component and Germinoma Arising in Gonadoblastoma in a Phenotypic Woman With a 46, XX Peripheral Karyotype: Report of the First Case. Am J Surg Pathol 2017; 41:1290-1297. [PMID: 28614211 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report a unique case of gonadal mixed germ cell tumor (GCT) composed of a predominantly spermatocytic tumor (ST)-like component and a minor component of germinoma arising in gonadoblastoma in a phenotypic woman with a 46, XX peripheral karotype. The patient was a 24-year-old woman (gravida 2, para 1) found to have a 7 cm pelvic mass during routine obstetric ultrasound examination at 20 weeks gestational age. She underwent a left salpingo-gonadectomy at gestational age 23 and 2/7 weeks. She recovered well and delivered a healthy baby at full term. The resected gonadal tumor measured 7.5 cm and microscopically was composed of 3 morphologically distinct components: gonadoblastoma (1%), germinoma (1%) and a ST-like component (98%). The ST-like component was composed of 3 populations of tumor cells: small cells, intermediate and large sized cells, similar to testicular ST. Scattered binucleated and multinucleated cells were present. Immunohistochemically the ST-like component was positive for pan-GCT markers SALL4 and LIN28 but with weaker staining than the germinoma. It was negative for OCT4 and TCL1. Only rare tumor cells were positive for SOX17. In contrast, the germinoma cells were diffusely and strongly positive for SALL4, LIN28, OCT4, SOX17, and TCL1. CD117 was positive in both the germinoma and ST-like component but with fewer tumor cells positive in the latter. Flurorescence in situ hybridization study demonstrated isochromosome 12p in the germinoma component but not in the gonadoblastoma and ST-like component. This patient did not receive further chemoradiation therapy after the surgery. She has been free of disease for 10 years and 1 month since her surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a ST-like GCT in a phenotypic female.
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6
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Feto-maternal outcomes of pregnancy complicated by ovarian malignant germ cell tumor: a systematic review of literature. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014; 181:145-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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7
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Koo YJ, Chun YK, Kwon YS, Lee IH, Kim TJ, Lee KH, Lim KT. Ovarian gonadoblastoma with dysgerminoma in a woman with 46XX karyotype. Pathol Int 2011; 61:171-3. [PMID: 21355962 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2010.02636.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Chromosomes, Human, Y
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Dysgerminoma/genetics
- Dysgerminoma/pathology
- Dysgerminoma/surgery
- Female
- Genetic Markers
- Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XX/genetics
- Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XX/pathology
- Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XX/surgery
- Gonadoblastoma/genetics
- Gonadoblastoma/pathology
- Gonadoblastoma/surgery
- Humans
- Karyotyping/methods
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/surgery
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
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The chromosome Y-linked testis-specific protein locus TSPY1 is characteristically present in gonadoblastoma. Hum Pathol 2010; 41:1544-9. [PMID: 20656323 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Gonadoblastoma is a rare gonadal neoplasm that occurs almost exclusively in individuals who are phenotypically females. Most cases develop in women who have an abnormal karyotype in which at least a portion of the centromeric region of the short arm of chromosome Y is present, a region often referred to as the GBY locus. Of the several genes present in the GBY locus, the TSPY1 gene (which encodes testis-specific protein, a protein thought to have a role in cell cycle regulation) appears to be the most likely to have a critical role in the pathogenesis of gonadoblastoma. To evaluate the association of TSPY1 with the tumor, we developed an interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization assay that uses probes that target the region of the GBY locus that contains TSPY1 and a commercially available chromosome X CEP probe. Using this set of probes in a dual-color approach, we evaluated 6 cases of gonadoblastoma identified from our files and found that both TSPY1 and chromosome X were present in 5 (84%) of 6 cases; in these 5 cases, the adjacent nonneoplastic gonadal parenchyma showed the same genotype as the tumor. Of 6 cases, 1 (16%) showed no evidence of TSPY1; in this case, which occurred in a gravida 2 para 2 woman, 2 X chromosomes were present in the nonneoplastic ovary, the gonadoblastoma, and associated dysgerminoma and granulosa cell tumors. From a basic science perspective, our data demonstrate that the TSPY1 gene is present in most gonadoblastomas, supporting the hypothesized role for TSPY1 in gonadoblastoma tumorigenesis; the lack of TSPY1 in a fertile woman suggests that other loci can, however, substitute for TSPY1 in the development of the tumor. From a clinical perspective, our data show that interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization targeting TSPY1 is a straightforward approach that can be used in the evaluation of Y-associated intersex disorders in women who develop gonadoblastoma.
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Yilmaz B, Gungor T, Bayramoglu H, Soysal S, Mollamahmutoglu L. Bilateral ovarian gonadoblastoma with coexisting dysgerminoma in a girl with 46, XX karyotype. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2010; 36:697-700. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2010.01225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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KATAYAMA KPAUL, ROESLER MR, DUNGAR CHARLESF, MATTINGLY RICHARDF. Gonadoblastoma in a patient with an isodicentric X chromosome. Clin Genet 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.1983.24.5.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jorgensen EV, Steffensen T, Gilbert-Barness E, Nora F, Witt LC. Clinical pathologic correlation: primary amenorrhoea and bilateral adnexal tumors. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2008; 27:245-58. [PMID: 19065322 DOI: 10.1080/15513810802447920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A case of bilateral gonadoblastoma in 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis is presented and discussed by both clinician and pathologist, in this traditional clinico-pathologic conference. The discussion includes the differential diagnoses of primary amenorrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Verena Jorgensen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Cooper C, Cooper M, Carter J, Russell P. Gonadoblastoma progressing to dysgerminoma in a 55-year-old woman with normal karyotype. Pathology 2007; 39:284-5. [PMID: 17454768 DOI: 10.1080/00313020701230708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Zhao S, Kato N, Endoh Y, Jin Z, Ajioka Y, Motoyama T. Ovarian gonadoblastoma with mixed germ cell tumor in a woman with 46, XX karyotype and successful pregnancies. Pathol Int 2000; 50:332-5. [PMID: 10849320 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1827.2000.01041.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An extremely rare case of unilateral gonadoblastoma with mixed germ cell tumor arising in the ovary of a 27-year-old woman with 46,XX karyotype and two successful pregnancies is reported. The mixed germ cell tumor was composed of choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, immature teratoma and dysgerminoma. The patient has been well, without evidence of disease for over 10 years since her first surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
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Abstract
Most patients with gonadoblastoma have dysgenetic gonads. This rare tumour has been described in three pregnant women. A fourth case in a 26 year old pregnant woman who presented with gonadoblastoma and dysgerminoma, is reported. She had a normal term pregnancy, 46XX chromosomes, normal genitalia, no history of menstrual irregularities and no signs of hyperandrogenism, thereby differing from the other reported cases. The germ cell component of this patient's tumour had undergone rapid overgrowth, most of the tumour comprising pure dysgerminoma. It is suggested that gonadoblastoma may occur in functionally and morphologically normal gonads more often than previous case reports imply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Erhan
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Ege University Medical Faculty, Bornova, Turkey
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rutgers
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance 90509
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Nakashima N, Nagasaka T, Fukata S, Oiwa N, Nara Y, Fukatsu T, Takeuchi J. Ovarian gonadoblastoma with dysgerminoma in a woman with two normal children. Hum Pathol 1989; 20:814-6. [PMID: 2744756 DOI: 10.1016/0046-8177(89)90080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An unusually rare case of unilateral gonadoblastoma with dysgerminoma occurring in the ovary of a 28-year-old woman with two normal children is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nakashima
- Division of Pathology, Nagoya University Hospital, Japan
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Sinisi AA, Perrone L, Quarto C, Barone M, Bellastella A, Faggiano M. Dysgerminoma in 45,X Turner syndrome: report of a case. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1988; 28:187-93. [PMID: 3048795 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1988.tb03655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the fourth case of dysgerminoma in a patient with the syndrome of gonadal dysgenesis and 45,X karyotype. Typical Turner's syndrome features were unusually associated with breast development, menarche and secondary amenorrhoea. Exaggerated basal and GnRH stimulated gonadotrophin and low oestradiol levels were typical of post-pubertal Turner's syndrome. Detailed (standard) chromosome and banding analysis excluded the presence of Y chromosome material. This case suggests that the presence of a Y chromosome is not necessary for abnormal differentiation of germ cells and the occurrence of a gonadoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Sinisi
- Istituto di Endocrinologia, I Facoltà di Medicina, Università di Napoli, Italy
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Verp MS, Simpson JL. Abnormal sexual differentiation and neoplasia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1987; 25:191-218. [PMID: 3548944 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(87)90180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of neoplasia is increased in individuals with certain disorders of sexual differentiation. Etiology and frequency of neoplasia vary with the particular disorder. In uncomplicated cryptorchidism, the testis is at least 10 times more likely to undergo neoplastic transformation than a normal scrotal testis. Neoplasia probably is a function of both testicular location (intraabdominal) and underlying dysgenetic structure. If cryptorchidism is unilateral, and if orchiopexy has not been performed prior to age 6-10 years, orchiectomy should be encouraged. In those forms of gonadal dysgenesis not associated with a Y chromosome (e.g., 45,X; 45,X/46,XX; 46,XX) there is no definite increase in neoplasia, suggesting that elevated gonadotropin levels per se are not carcinogenic. Gonadal tumors are found in at least 30% of individuals with XY gonadal dysgenesis and are particularly frequent (55%) in H-Y antigen-positive patients. These tumors are almost always gonadoblastomas or dysgerminomas. Similar tumors are found in 15%-20% of 45,X/46,XY individuals. In either situation the neoplastic transformation could be a) secondary to the existence of XY gonadal tissue in an inhospitable environment, or b) integrally related to that process--genetic or cytogenetic--producing the dysgenetic gonads. The risk of neoplasia is sufficiently high that most of these patients should be offered early gonadal extirpation. The prevalence of gonadal tumors is not increased in Klinefelter's syndrome, further indicating that gonadotropins are not carcinogenic per se. However, Klinefelter patients are 20 times more likely to develop a carcinoma of the breast than are 46,XY males. Extragonadal germ cell tumors also are more common. In female pseudohermaphrodites there is probably no increased risk of neoplasia, whereas, in true hermaphrodites neoplasia is unusual but does occur. Neoplasia occurs in patients with complete testicular feminization (complete androgen insensitivity) but rarely in those with incomplete testicular feminization/Reifenstein's syndrome, 5 alpha-reductase deficiency, anorchia, agonadia, or testosterone biosynthetic defects. In complete testicular feminization the risk of malignant tumors is small prior to age 25. After age 25, it is about 2%-5%. Orchiectomy is recommended after pubertal feminization.
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Steinhardt GF, Ine MY, Subramanian MG, Hukku B, Perrin EV, Hoffman WH. Gonadoblastoma presenting as isosexual precocious puberty in a genetic female. J Pediatr Surg 1986; 21:905-7. [PMID: 3783382 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3468(86)80022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A 6 1/2-year-old female with pseudoprecocious puberty was found to have a gonadoblastoma. Her karyotype was 46, XX; serum estradiol level was markedly elevated; and androgens were within the range of normal. The importance of the Y chromosome and dysgenetic gonad in the predisposition to development of a gonadoblastoma is reviewed. A further categorization of gonadoblastomas based on the presence or absence of the Y chromosome is suggested.
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20
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Safneck JR, deSa DJ. Structures mimicking sex cord-stromal tumours and gonadoblastomas in the ovaries of normal infants and children. Histopathology 1986; 10:909-20. [PMID: 3781489 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.1986.tb02589.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A chance finding of structures resembling gonadoblastomas in the ovaries of a child with lissencephaly prompted a detailed review of all ovarian histology obtained at autopsy over a 12 month period. Fifty-five stillbirths, infants and children were studied ranging from 20 weeks gestational age to 2.5 years post-natal age. In 19 infants structures mimicking gonadoblastomas and sex cord tumours with annular tubules were seen. In all but one case these structures were found in association with follicular cysts and they closely resembled the atretic follicles often seen in the stroma surrounding the follicular cysts. They differed from the atretic follicles only by virtue of their being larger. In addition, in several infants structures resembling Sertoli cell tubules or clusters of Leydig cells were found. When present, these structures always co-existed with sex cord tumours with annular tubules and gonadoblastoma-like lesions. The abnormal stromal lesions and follicular cysts were found most frequently at the stage of development when a massive 'physiological' reduction of oocytes occurs. It is suggested that the 'abnormal' structures identified in this report represent the 'first hit' of oncogenesis and could serve as the precursor of many of the sex cord-stromal tumours, and possibly germ cell neoplasms, seen in childhood.
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Pfeiffer RA, Tietze U, Krone HA, Schaaff A, Dhom G, Peter H. Invasive dysgerminoma in a girl with 45,X/46,X; mar mosaicism. ARCHIVES OF GYNECOLOGY 1983; 233:141-7. [PMID: 6882018 DOI: 10.1007/bf02114790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We report a 16-year-old girl with features of Turner's syndrome from whom an invasive dysgerminoma was removed. Cytotoxic drugs were given for the next 12 months. Mosaicism of two karyotypes (45,X/46,X; mar) was found in various tissues. The literature is reviewed with special regard to cytogenetic findings and prognosis of malignant growth and differentiation of dysgenetic gonads.
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23
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Seki T, Fujimoto S, Abe S, Sasaki M, Kawaguchi I, Kikukawa H, Kikuchi Y, Ichinoe K. Long arm deletion of the X chromosome, 46,X,del(xX)(q21), associated with gonadoblastoma. JINRUI IDENGAKU ZASSHI. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 1981; 26:307-12. [PMID: 7345190 DOI: 10.1007/bf01876362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Abstract
Three sisters with gonadoblastoma and an 46,XY karyotype are presented. This observation suggests that heredity may play an important role in the genesis of the tumour.
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Abstract
The importance of the Y-chromosome for the germ cell tumour development in gonadal dysgenesis has been emphasized many times. In contrast, only two cases of dysgerminoma or gonadoblastoma had been published so far in the XO-Turner's syndrome. With this report, another case of Turner's syndrome developing a dysgerminoma in a gonadal streak is presented. No Y-chromosome containing stemline could be detected in the patient nor in the tumour. A primary genetic etiology or a mechanism related to early secondary regression or dysgenesis of the gonad are discussed as causative factors in germ cell tumour development within gonadal streaks.
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Manuel M, Katayama PK, Jones HW. The age of occurrence of gonadal tumors in intersex patients with a Y chromosome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1976; 124:293-300. [PMID: 1247071 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(76)90160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A total of 320 intersex patients with a Y chromosome were classified into four groups; (1) gonadal dysgenesis, (2) asymmetrical gonadal differentiation, (3) virilizing male hermaphroditism and (4) feminizing male hermaphroditism (testicular feminization syndrome). Of these 320 cases, 98 were from the files of The Johns Hopkins Hospital and the remainder from the literature. The incidence of tumors in relation to age and clinical classification was analyzed by computer. The results were plotted for each group. It was found that the percentage of tumors rose appreciably soon after the age of puberty in the first three groups, and it was concluded that the gonads were best removed before the age of puberty. In the case of testicular feminization patients, procrastination until the age of 25 could be considered, if one were willing to assume the risk of neoplasia of about 3.6 per cent until then.
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Abstract
Although neoplasms are unusually frequent in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia, the occurrence of primary tumors of the ovary in such patients is exceedingly rare. This report describes a 17-year-old phenotypic female with ataxia-telangiectasia, who was found to harbor an ovarian gonadoblastoma and a contralateral dysgerminoma. The latter tumor has occurred in only one other patient with ataxia-telangiectasia, while an association with gonadoblastoma has never been documented previously. Additional unusual features rarely encountered in patients with gonadoblastoma included origin of the tumor within a histologically proven ovary, and a 46,XX karyotype. The possibility that the dysgerminoma also arose from a gonadoblastoma is discussed.
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Philip J, Hansen MK, Reintoft I. A cytogenetic study of gonadoblastoma tissue in two cases. ACTA PATHOLOGICA ET MICROBIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA. SECTION A, PATHOLOGY 1975; 83:559-67. [PMID: 1180058 DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1975.tb00168.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis that gonadoblastoma (gonocytoma III) arises from gonadal tissue with a male chromosome complement has earlier been forwarded. In the literature there is no case with a well documented diagnosis of gonadoblastoma and absence of a Y chromosome. In the two presented cases, one a phenotypic female, the other a phenotypic male, gonadoblastoma was diagnosed. Cytogenetic studies of the removed gonadoblastomas revealed a Y chromosome in both cases. This is in accordance with the hypothesis.
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Serra A, Moneta E, Patrono V, Pizzolato G. A phenotypically Turner-like female with karyotype 45,X/46,XY, gonadoblastoma and fluorescent Y. HUMANGENETIK 1974; 24:309-18. [PMID: 4442874 DOI: 10.1007/bf00297595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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30
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Kariminejad MH, Movlavi MA, Nasserghodssi MA, Ghafoorzadeh D, Behjatnia Y. Gonadoblastoma associated with mixed gonadal dysgenesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1972; 113:410-4. [PMID: 4673966 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(72)90693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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31
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Schellhas HF, Trujillo JM, Rutledge FN, Cork A. Germ cell tumors associated with XY gonadal dysgenesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1971; 109:1197-204. [PMID: 5102968 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(71)90666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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