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Abdul Halim A, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Allekotte I, Cheminant KA, Almela A, Aloisio R, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Yebra JA, Anastasi GA, Anchordoqui L, Andrada B, Andringa S, Anukriti, Apollonio L, Aramo C, Ferreira PRA, Arnone E, Velázquez JCA, Assis P, Avila G, Avocone E, Bakalova A, Barbato F, Mocellin AB, Bellido JA, Berat C, Bertaina ME, Bhatta G, Bianciotto M, Biermann PL, Binet V, Bismark K, Bister T, Biteau J, Blazek J, Bleve C, Blümer J, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Arbeletche LB, Borodai N, Brack J, Orchera PGB, Briechle FL, Bueno A, Buitink S, Buscemi M, Büsken M, Bwembya A, Caballero-Mora KS, Cabana-Freire S, Caccianiga L, Caruso R, Castellina A, Catalani F, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cerda M, Cermenati A, Chinellato JA, Chudoba J, Chytka L, Clay RW, Cerutti ACC, Colalillo R, Coleman A, Coluccia MR, Conceição R, Condorelli A, Consolati G, Conte M, Convenga F, Dos Santos DC, Costa PJ, Covault CE, Cristinziani M, Sanchez CSC, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, de Almeida RM, de Jesús J, de Jong SJ, Neto JRTDM, De Mitri I, de Oliveira J, Franco DDO, de Palma F, de Souza V, de Errico BPDS, De Vito E, Del Popolo A, Deligny O, Denner N, Deval L, di Matteo A, Dobre M, Dobrigkeit C, D'Olivo JC, Mendes LMD, Dorosti Q, Dos Anjos JC, Dos Anjos RC, Ebr J, Ellwanger F, Emam M, Engel R, Epicoco I, Erdmann M, Etchegoyen A, Evoli C, Falcke H, Farmer J, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Feldbusch F, Fenu F, Fernandes A, Fick B, Figueira JM, Filipčič A, Fitoussi T, Flaggs B, Fodran T, Fujii T, Fuster A, Galea C, Galelli C, García B, Gaudu C, Gemmeke H, Gesualdi F, Gherghel-Lascu A, Ghia PL, Giaccari U, Glombitza J, Gobbi F, Gollan F, Golup G, Berisso MG, Vitale PFG, Gongora JP, González JM, González N, Goos I, Góra D, Gorgi A, Gottowik M, Grubb TD, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Guido E, Gülzow L, Hahn S, Hamal P, Hampel MR, Hansen P, Harari D, Harvey VM, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Hojvat C, Hörandel JR, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Insolia A, Isar PG, Janecek P, Jilek V, Johnsen JA, Jurysek J, Kampert KH, Keilhauer B, Khakurdikar A, Covilakam VVK, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Knapp F, Köhler J, Kunka N, Lago BL, Langner N, de Oliveira MAL, Lema-Capeans Y, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Lopes L, Lu L, Luce Q, Lundquist JP, Payeras AM, Majercakova M, Mandat D, Manning BC, Mantsch P, Marafico S, Mariani FM, Mariazzi AG, Mariş IC, Marsella G, Martello D, Martinelli S, Bravo OM, Martins MA, Mathes HJ, Matthews J, Matthiae G, Mayotte E, Mayotte S, Mazur PO, Medina-Tanco G, Meinert J, Melo D, Menshikov A, Merx C, Michal S, Micheletti MI, Miramonti L, Mollerach S, Montanet F, Morejon L, Morello C, Mulrey K, Mussa R, Namasaka WM, Negi S, Nellen L, Nguyen K, Nicora G, Niechciol M, Nitz D, Nosek D, Novotny V, Nožka L, Nucita A, Núñez LA, Oliveira C, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Panja S, Parente G, Paulsen T, Pawlowsky J, Pech M, Pękala J, Pelayo R, Pereira LAS, Martins EEP, Armand JP, Bertolli CP, Perrone L, Petrera S, Petrucci C, Pierog T, Pimenta M, Platino M, Pont B, Pothast M, Shahvar MP, Privitera P, Prouza M, Puyleart A, Querchfeld S, Rautenberg J, Ravignani D, Akim JVR, Reininghaus M, Ridky J, Riehn F, Risse M, Rizi V, de Carvalho WR, Rodriguez E, Rojo JR, Roncoroni MJ, Rossoni S, Roth M, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Ruehl P, Saftoiu A, Saharan M, Salamida F, Salazar H, Salina G, Gomez JDS, Sánchez F, Santos EM, Santos E, Sarazin F, Sarmento R, Sato R, Savina P, Schäfer CM, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schimassek M, Schimp M, Schmidt D, Scholten O, Schoorlemmer H, Schovánek P, Schröder FG, Schulte J, Schulz T, Sciutto SJ, Scornavacche M, Segreto A, Sehgal S, Shivashankara SU, Sigl G, Silli G, Sima O, Simkova K, Simon F, Smau R, Šmída R, Sommers P, Soriano JF, Squartini R, Stadelmaier M, Stanič S, Stasielak J, Stassi P, Strähnz S, Straub M, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Svozilikova Z, Szadkowski Z, Tairli F, Tapia A, Taricco C, Timmermans C, Tkachenko O, Tobiska P, Peixoto CJT, Tomé B, Torrès Z, Travaini A, Travnicek P, Trimarelli C, Tueros M, Unger M, Vaclavek L, Vacula M, Galicia JFV, Valore L, Varela E, Vásquez-Ramírez A, Veberič D, Ventura C, Quispe IDV, Verzi V, Vicha J, Vink J, Vorobiov S, Watanabe C, Watson AA, Weindl A, Wiencke L, Wilczyński H, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Yue B, Yushkov A, Zapparrata O, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M. Demonstrating Agreement between Radio and Fluorescence Measurements of the Depth of Maximum of Extensive Air Showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:021001. [PMID: 38277596 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.021001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
We show, for the first time, radio measurements of the depth of shower maximum (X_{max}) of air showers induced by cosmic rays that are compared to measurements of the established fluorescence method at the same location. Using measurements at the Pierre Auger Observatory we show full compatibility between our radio and the previously published fluorescence dataset, and between a subset of air showers observed simultaneously with both radio and fluorescence techniques, a measurement setup unique to the Pierre Auger Observatory. Furthermore, we show radio X_{max} resolution as a function of energy and demonstrate the ability to make competitive high-resolution X_{max} measurements with even a sparse radio array. With this, we show that the radio technique is capable of cosmic-ray mass composition studies, both at Auger and at other experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abdul Halim
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - P Abreu
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Aglietta
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
| | - I Allekotte
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | | | - A Almela
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Aloisio
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - J Alvarez-Muñiz
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Ammerman Yebra
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - G A Anastasi
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
| | - L Anchordoqui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - B Andrada
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Andringa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anukriti
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - L Apollonio
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - C Aramo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - E Arnone
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | | | - P Assis
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Avila
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - E Avocone
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A Bakalova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Barbato
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | | | - J A Bellido
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru
| | - C Berat
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - M E Bertaina
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - G Bhatta
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Bianciotto
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - P L Biermann
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petropolis, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Campina Grande, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
- University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - V Binet
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - K Bismark
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Bister
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Biteau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - J Blazek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Bleve
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - J Blümer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Boháčová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Boncioli
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - C Bonifazi
- International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - N Borodai
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - J Brack
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petropolis, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Campina Grande, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
- University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - P G Brichetto Orchera
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F L Briechle
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Bueno
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - S Buitink
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Buscemi
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
| | - M Büsken
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Bwembya
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - S Cabana-Freire
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - L Caccianiga
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - R Caruso
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
| | - A Castellina
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
| | - F Catalani
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Cataldi
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - L Cazon
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Cerda
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - A Cermenati
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - J A Chinellato
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Chudoba
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Chytka
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - R W Clay
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A C Cobos Cerutti
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - R Colalillo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
| | - A Coleman
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | | | - R Conceição
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Condorelli
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - G Consolati
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
| | - M Conte
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - F Convenga
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - P J Costa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C E Covault
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - M Cristinziani
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - C S Cruz Sanchez
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - S Dasso
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - K Daumiller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B R Dawson
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - R M de Almeida
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J de Jesús
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S J de Jong
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J R T de Mello Neto
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - I De Mitri
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - J de Oliveira
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil
| | | | - F de Palma
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - V de Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B P de Souza de Errico
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E De Vito
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - A Del Popolo
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
| | - O Deligny
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - N Denner
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Deval
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - M Dobre
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - C Dobrigkeit
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J C D'Olivo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - L M Domingues Mendes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Q Dorosti
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - J C Dos Anjos
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R C Dos Anjos
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
| | - J Ebr
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Ellwanger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Emam
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - I Epicoco
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - M Erdmann
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Etchegoyen
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Evoli
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - H Falcke
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - J Farmer
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - G Farrar
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - A C Fauth
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Fazzini
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petropolis, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Campina Grande, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
- University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - F Feldbusch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Fenu
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Fernandes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - B Fick
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - J M Figueira
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Filipčič
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - T Fitoussi
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B Flaggs
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - T Fodran
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - T Fujii
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - A Fuster
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Galea
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C Galelli
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - B García
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - C Gaudu
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - H Gemmeke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Gesualdi
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Gherghel-Lascu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - P L Ghia
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | | | - J Glombitza
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Gobbi
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - F Gollan
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Golup
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - M Gómez Berisso
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P F Gómez Vitale
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J P Gongora
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J M González
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - N González
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - I Goos
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - D Góra
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Gorgi
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
| | - M Gottowik
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - T D Grubb
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - F Guarino
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
| | - G P Guedes
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - E Guido
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - L Gülzow
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Hahn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Hamal
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M R Hampel
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Hansen
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - D Harari
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - V M Harvey
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Hebbeker
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - C Hojvat
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petropolis, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Campina Grande, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
- University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - J R Hörandel
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Horvath
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - T Huege
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Insolia
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
| | - P G Isar
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - P Janecek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Jilek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J A Johnsen
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - J Jurysek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K-H Kampert
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Keilhauer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Khakurdikar
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - V V Kizakke Covilakam
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - H O Klages
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kleifges
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Knapp
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Köhler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Kunka
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B L Lago
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petropolis, Brazil
| | - N Langner
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Y Lema-Capeans
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Letessier-Selvon
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - I Lhenry-Yvon
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - L Lopes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - L Lu
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Q Luce
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J P Lundquist
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - A Machado Payeras
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Majercakova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Mandat
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B C Manning
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - P Mantsch
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petropolis, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Campina Grande, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
- University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - S Marafico
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - F M Mariani
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - A G Mariazzi
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - I C Mariş
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Marsella
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
| | - D Martello
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - S Martinelli
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - M A Martins
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - H-J Mathes
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Matthews
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petropolis, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Campina Grande, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
- University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - G Matthiae
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
| | - E Mayotte
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - S Mayotte
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - P O Mazur
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petropolis, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Campina Grande, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
- University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - G Medina-Tanco
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - J Meinert
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D Melo
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Menshikov
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Merx
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Michal
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M I Micheletti
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - L Miramonti
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - S Mollerach
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - F Montanet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - L Morejon
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - C Morello
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
| | - K Mulrey
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Mussa
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - W M Namasaka
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S Negi
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Nellen
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - K Nguyen
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - G Nicora
- Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Argentina
| | - M Niechciol
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - D Nitz
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - D Nosek
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Novotny
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Nožka
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - A Nucita
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - L A Núñez
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - C Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Palatka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Pallotta
- Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Argentina
| | - S Panja
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - G Parente
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - T Paulsen
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Pawlowsky
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Pech
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Pękala
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - R Pelayo
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - L A S Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Campina Grande, Brazil
| | - E E Pereira Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Perez Armand
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Pérez Bertolli
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Perrone
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - S Petrera
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - C Petrucci
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - T Pierog
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Pimenta
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Platino
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B Pont
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Pothast
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Pourmohammad Shahvar
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
| | - P Privitera
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - M Prouza
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Puyleart
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - S Querchfeld
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Rautenberg
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D Ravignani
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - M Reininghaus
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Ridky
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Riehn
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Risse
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - V Rizi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - E Rodriguez
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Rodriguez Rojo
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M J Roncoroni
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Rossoni
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Roth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E Roulet
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A C Rovero
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Ruehl
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - A Saftoiu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - M Saharan
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - F Salamida
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - H Salazar
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - G Salina
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Sánchez
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E M Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Santos
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Sarazin
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - R Sarmento
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R Sato
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - P Savina
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - C M Schäfer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - V Scherini
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Schimassek
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - M Schimp
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D Schmidt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Scholten
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Schoorlemmer
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Schovánek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F G Schröder
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - J Schulte
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Schulz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S J Sciutto
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Scornavacche
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Segreto
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
| | - S Sehgal
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S U Shivashankara
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - G Sigl
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Silli
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - O Sima
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - K Simkova
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - F Simon
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R Smau
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - R Šmída
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - P Sommers
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petropolis, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Campina Grande, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
- University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - J F Soriano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - R Squartini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M Stadelmaier
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - S Stanič
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - J Stasielak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - P Stassi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - S Strähnz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Straub
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Suomijärvi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - A D Supanitsky
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Z Svozilikova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Z Szadkowski
- University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland
| | - F Tairli
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A Tapia
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - C Taricco
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - C Timmermans
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O Tkachenko
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Tobiska
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C J Todero Peixoto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B Tomé
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Z Torrès
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Travaini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - P Travnicek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Trimarelli
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - M Tueros
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Unger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Vaclavek
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Vacula
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - J F Valdés Galicia
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - L Valore
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
| | - E Varela
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | | | - D Veberič
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Ventura
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - V Verzi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
| | - J Vicha
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Vink
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Vorobiov
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - C Watanabe
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A A Watson
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petropolis, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Campina Grande, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
- University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Wiencke
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - H Wilczyński
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - D Wittkowski
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Wundheiler
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B Yue
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A Yushkov
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - O Zapparrata
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Zas
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Zavrtanik
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Zavrtanik
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Casirati A, Da Prat V, Cereda E, Sebastiani F, Trestini I, Perrone L, Serra F, Cintoni M, Pedrazzoli P, Caccialanza R. Is it time to optimize immunonutrition in cancer patients according to muscle mass? Eur J Surg Oncol 2023; 49:1322-1323. [PMID: 37019805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.03.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Casirati
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - V Da Prat
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - E Cereda
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - F Sebastiani
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Azienda USL IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - I Trestini
- Medical Oncology Unit, University of Verona Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - L Perrone
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - F Serra
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Cintoni
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - P Pedrazzoli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - R Caccialanza
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
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Abreu P, Aglietta M, Albury JM, Allekotte I, Almeida Cheminant K, Almela A, Aloisio R, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Alves Batista R, Ammerman Yebra J, Anastasi GA, Anchordoqui L, Andrada B, Andringa S, Aramo C, Araújo Ferreira PR, Arnone E, Arteaga Velázquez JC, Asorey H, Assis P, Avila G, Avocone E, Badescu AM, Bakalova A, Balaceanu A, Barbato F, Bellido JA, Berat C, Bertaina ME, Bhatta G, Biermann PL, Binet V, Bismark K, Bister T, Biteau J, Blazek J, Bleve C, Blümer J, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Bonneau Arbeletche L, Borodai N, Botti AM, Brack J, Bretz T, Brichetto Orchera PG, Briechle FL, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Buitink S, Buscemi M, Büsken M, Caballero-Mora KS, Caccianiga L, Canfora F, Caracas I, Caruso R, Castellina A, Catalani F, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cerda M, Chinellato JA, Chudoba J, Chytka L, Clay RW, Cobos Cerutti AC, Colalillo R, Coleman A, Coluccia MR, Conceição R, Condorelli A, Consolati G, Contreras F, Convenga F, Correia Dos Santos D, Covault CE, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, Day JA, de Almeida RM, de Jesús J, de Jong SJ, de Mello Neto JRT, De Mitri I, de Oliveira J, de Oliveira Franco D, de Palma F, de Souza V, De Vito E, Del Popolo A, Del Río M, Deligny O, Deval L, di Matteo A, Dobre M, Dobrigkeit C, D'Olivo JC, Domingues Mendes LM, Dos Anjos RC, Dova MT, Ebr J, Engel R, Epicoco I, Erdmann M, Escobar CO, Etchegoyen A, Falcke H, Farmer J, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Feldbusch F, Fenu F, Fick B, Figueira JM, Filipčič A, Fitoussi T, Fodran T, Fujii T, Fuster A, Galea C, Galelli C, García B, Garcia Vegas AL, Gemmeke H, Gesualdi F, Gherghel-Lascu A, Ghia PL, Giaccari U, Giammarchi M, Glombitza J, Gobbi F, Gollan F, Golup G, Gómez Berisso M, Gómez Vitale PF, Gongora JP, González JM, González N, Goos I, Góra D, Gorgi A, Gottowik M, Grubb TD, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Guido E, Hahn S, Hamal P, Hampel MR, Hansen P, Harari D, Harvey VM, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Hill GC, Hojvat C, Hörandel JR, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Insolia A, Isar PG, Janecek P, Johnsen JA, Jurysek J, Kääpä A, Kampert KH, Keilhauer B, Khakurdikar A, Kizakke Covilakam VV, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Knapp F, Kunka N, Lago BL, Langner N, Leigui de Oliveira MA, Lenok V, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Lo Presti D, Lopes L, López R, Lu L, Luce Q, Lundquist JP, Machado Payeras A, Mancarella G, Mandat D, Manning BC, Manshanden J, Mantsch P, Marafico S, Mariani FM, Mariazzi AG, Mariş IC, Marsella G, Martello D, Martinelli S, Martínez Bravo O, Mastrodicasa M, Mathes HJ, Matthews J, Matthiae G, Mayotte E, Mayotte S, Mazur PO, Medina-Tanco G, Melo D, Menshikov A, Michal S, Micheletti MI, Miramonti L, Mollerach S, Montanet F, Morejon L, Morello C, Mostafá M, Müller AL, Muller MA, Mulrey K, Mussa R, Muzio M, Namasaka WM, Nasr-Esfahani A, Nellen L, Nicora G, Niculescu-Oglinzanu M, Niechciol M, Nitz D, Norwood I, Nosek D, Novotny V, Nožka L, Nucita A, Núñez LA, Oliveira C, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Papenbreer P, Parente G, Parra A, Pawlowsky J, Pech M, Pękala J, Pelayo R, Peña-Rodriguez J, Pereira Martins EE, Perez Armand J, Pérez Bertolli C, Perrone L, Petrera S, Petrucci C, Pierog T, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Pont B, Pothast M, Privitera P, Prouza M, Puyleart A, Querchfeld S, Rautenberg J, Ravignani D, Reininghaus M, Ridky J, Riehn F, Risse M, Rizi V, Rodrigues de Carvalho W, Rodriguez Rojo J, Roncoroni MJ, Rossoni S, Roth M, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Ruehl P, Saftoiu A, Saharan M, Salamida F, Salazar H, Salina G, Sanabria Gomez JD, Sánchez F, Santos EM, Santos E, Sarazin F, Sarmento R, Sarmiento-Cano C, Sato R, Savina P, Schäfer CM, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schimassek M, Schimp M, Schlüter F, Schmidt D, Scholten O, Schoorlemmer H, Schovánek P, Schröder FG, Schulte J, Schulz T, Sciutto SJ, Scornavacche M, Segreto A, Sehgal S, Shellard RC, Sigl G, Silli G, Sima O, Smau R, Šmída R, Sommers P, Soriano JF, Squartini R, Stadelmaier M, Stanca D, Stanič S, Stasielak J, Stassi P, Streich A, Suárez-Durán M, Sudholz T, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Szadkowski Z, Tapia A, Taricco C, Timmermans C, Tkachenko O, Tobiska P, Todero Peixoto CJ, Tomé B, Torrès Z, Travaini A, Travnicek P, Trimarelli C, Tueros M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Vaclavek L, Vacula M, Valdés Galicia JF, Valore L, Varela E, Vásquez-Ramírez A, Veberič D, Ventura C, Vergara Quispe ID, Verzi V, Vicha J, Vink J, Vorobiov S, Wahlberg H, Watanabe C, Watson AA, Weindl A, Wiencke L, Wilczyński H, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Yushkov A, Zapparrata O, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zehrer L. Limits to Gauge Coupling in the Dark Sector Set by the Nonobservation of Instanton-Induced Decay of Super-Heavy Dark Matter in the Pierre Auger Observatory Data. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:061001. [PMID: 36827568 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.061001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Instantons, which are nonperturbative solutions to Yang-Mills equations, provide a signal for the occurrence of quantum tunneling between distinct classes of vacua. They can give rise to decays of particles otherwise forbidden. Using data collected at the Pierre Auger Observatory, we search for signatures of such instanton-induced processes that would be suggestive of super-heavy particles decaying in the Galactic halo. These particles could have been produced during the post-inflationary epoch and match the relic abundance of dark matter inferred today. The nonobservation of the signatures searched for allows us to derive a bound on the reduced coupling constant of gauge interactions in the dark sector: α_{X}≲0.09, for 10^{9}≲M_{X}/GeV<10^{19}. Conversely, we obtain that, for instance, a reduced coupling constant α_{X}=0.09 excludes masses M_{X}≳3×10^{13} GeV. In the context of dark matter production from gravitational interactions alone, we illustrate how these bounds are complementary to those obtained on the Hubble rate at the end of inflation from the nonobservation of tensor modes in the cosmological microwave background.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Abreu
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Aglietta
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - J M Albury
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - I Allekotte
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | | | - A Almela
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Aloisio
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - J Alvarez-Muñiz
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - J Ammerman Yebra
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - G A Anastasi
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - L Anchordoqui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - B Andrada
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Andringa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Aramo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - E Arnone
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | | | - H Asorey
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Assis
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Avila
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - E Avocone
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A M Badescu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Bakalova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Balaceanu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - F Barbato
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - J A Bellido
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru
| | - C Berat
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - M E Bertaina
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - G Bhatta
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - P L Biermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - V Binet
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - K Bismark
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Bister
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Biteau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - J Blazek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Bleve
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - J Blümer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Boháčová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Boncioli
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - C Bonifazi
- International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - N Borodai
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - A M Botti
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Brack
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - T Bretz
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - P G Brichetto Orchera
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F L Briechle
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - P Buchholz
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - A Bueno
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - S Buitink
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Buscemi
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Büsken
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - L Caccianiga
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - F Canfora
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - I Caracas
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R Caruso
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
| | - A Castellina
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - F Catalani
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - G Cataldi
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - L Cazon
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Cerda
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J A Chinellato
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - J Chudoba
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Chytka
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - R W Clay
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - A C Cobos Cerutti
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - R Colalillo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
| | - A Coleman
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | | | - R Conceição
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Condorelli
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - G Consolati
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
| | - F Contreras
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - F Convenga
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - C E Covault
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - S Dasso
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - K Daumiller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B R Dawson
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - J A Day
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - R M de Almeida
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil
| | - J de Jesús
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S J de Jong
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J R T de Mello Neto
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - I De Mitri
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - J de Oliveira
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil
| | | | - F de Palma
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - V de Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - E De Vito
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - A Del Popolo
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
| | - M Del Río
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - O Deligny
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - L Deval
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - M Dobre
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - C Dobrigkeit
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - J C D'Olivo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - L M Domingues Mendes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R C Dos Anjos
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
| | - M T Dova
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - J Ebr
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - I Epicoco
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - M Erdmann
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - C O Escobar
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - A Etchegoyen
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Falcke
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, Netherlands
| | - J Farmer
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - G Farrar
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - A C Fauth
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - N Fazzini
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - F Feldbusch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Fenu
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - B Fick
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - J M Figueira
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Filipčič
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - T Fitoussi
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Fodran
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - T Fujii
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Present address: Hakubi Center for Advanced Research and Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Fuster
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Galea
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - C Galelli
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - B García
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - A L Garcia Vegas
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - H Gemmeke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Gesualdi
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Gherghel-Lascu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - P L Ghia
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - U Giaccari
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - J Glombitza
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Gobbi
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - F Gollan
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Golup
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - M Gómez Berisso
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P F Gómez Vitale
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J P Gongora
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J M González
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - N González
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - I Goos
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Góra
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Gorgi
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Gottowik
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T D Grubb
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - F Guarino
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
| | - G P Guedes
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - E Guido
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - S Hahn
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Hamal
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M R Hampel
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Hansen
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - D Harari
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - V M Harvey
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Hebbeker
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Heck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G C Hill
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - C Hojvat
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - J R Hörandel
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Horvath
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Hrabovský
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - T Huege
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Insolia
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
| | - P G Isar
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - P Janecek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J A Johnsen
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - J Jurysek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Kääpä
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - K H Kampert
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Keilhauer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Khakurdikar
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - V V Kizakke Covilakam
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - H O Klages
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kleifges
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - F Knapp
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Kunka
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B L Lago
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Nova Friburgo, Brazil
| | - N Langner
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - V Lenok
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Letessier-Selvon
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - I Lhenry-Yvon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - D Lo Presti
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
| | - L Lopes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R López
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - L Lu
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Q Luce
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J P Lundquist
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | | | - G Mancarella
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - D Mandat
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B C Manning
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - J Manshanden
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Mantsch
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - S Marafico
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - F M Mariani
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - A G Mariazzi
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - I C Mariş
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Marsella
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
| | - D Martello
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - S Martinelli
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - M Mastrodicasa
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - H J Mathes
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Matthews
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - G Matthiae
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
| | - E Mayotte
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - S Mayotte
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - P O Mazur
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - G Medina-Tanco
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - D Melo
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Menshikov
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Michal
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M I Micheletti
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - L Miramonti
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - S Mollerach
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - F Montanet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - L Morejon
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - C Morello
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Mostafá
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A L Müller
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M A Muller
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - K Mulrey
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Mussa
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Muzio
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - W M Namasaka
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A Nasr-Esfahani
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - L Nellen
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - G Nicora
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - M Niculescu-Oglinzanu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - M Niechciol
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - D Nitz
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - I Norwood
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - D Nosek
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Novotny
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Nožka
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - A Nucita
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - L A Núñez
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - C Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - M Palatka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Pallotta
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - P Papenbreer
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G Parente
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Parra
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - J Pawlowsky
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Pech
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Pękala
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - R Pelayo
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, D.F., México
| | | | - E E Pereira Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Perez Armand
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C Pérez Bertolli
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Perrone
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - S Petrera
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - C Petrucci
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - T Pierog
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Pimenta
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - V Pirronello
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
| | - M Platino
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B Pont
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - M Pothast
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Privitera
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - M Prouza
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Puyleart
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - S Querchfeld
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Rautenberg
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D Ravignani
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Reininghaus
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Ridky
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Riehn
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Risse
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - V Rizi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - J Rodriguez Rojo
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M J Roncoroni
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Rossoni
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Roth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E Roulet
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A C Rovero
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Ruehl
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - A Saftoiu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - M Saharan
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - F Salamida
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - H Salazar
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - G Salina
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Sánchez
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E M Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - E Santos
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Sarazin
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - R Sarmento
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Sarmiento-Cano
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Sato
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - P Savina
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - C M Schäfer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - V Scherini
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Schimassek
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Schimp
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - F Schlüter
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Schmidt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Scholten
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Schoorlemmer
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Schovánek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F G Schröder
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - J Schulte
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Schulz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S J Sciutto
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Scornavacche
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Segreto
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
| | - S Sehgal
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R C Shellard
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - G Sigl
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Silli
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Sima
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Also at University of Bucharest, Physics Department, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R Smau
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - R Šmída
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - P Sommers
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J F Soriano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - R Squartini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M Stadelmaier
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Stanca
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - S Stanič
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - J Stasielak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - P Stassi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Streich
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - T Sudholz
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - T Suomijärvi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - A D Supanitsky
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Z Szadkowski
- University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics, Łódź, Poland
| | - A Tapia
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - C Taricco
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - C Timmermans
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - O Tkachenko
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Tobiska
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C J Todero Peixoto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - B Tomé
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Z Torrès
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Travaini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - P Travnicek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Trimarelli
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - M Tueros
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - R Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Unger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Vaclavek
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Vacula
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - L Valore
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
| | - E Varela
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | | | - D Veberič
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Ventura
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - V Verzi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
| | - J Vicha
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Vink
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Vorobiov
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - H Wahlberg
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - C Watanabe
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - A A Watson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Wiencke
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - H Wilczyński
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - D Wittkowski
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Wundheiler
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Yushkov
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - O Zapparrata
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Zas
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - L Zehrer
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
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4
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Sbai O, Djelloul M, Auletta A, Ieraci A, Vascotto C, Perrone L. AGE-TXNIP axis drives inflammation in Alzheimer's by targeting Aβ to mitochondria in microglia. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:302. [PMID: 35379773 PMCID: PMC8980056 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. Although neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are well-recognized features of AD, their correlations with the early molecular events characterizing the pathology are not yet well clarified. Here, we characterize the role of RAGE-TXNIP axis in neuroinflammation in relation to amyloid-beta (Aβ) burden in both in vivo and in vitro models. In the hippocampus of 5xFAD mice microglial activation, cytokine secretion, and glial fibrillary acidic protein-enhanced expression are paralleled with increased TXNIP expression. TXNIP silencing or its pharmacological inhibition prevents neuroinflammation in those mice. TXNIP is also associated with RAGE and Aβ. In particular, RAGE-TXNIP axis is required for targeting Aβ in mitochondria, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Silencing of TXNIP or inhibition of RAGE activation reduces Aβ transport from the cellular surface to mitochondria, restores mitochondrial functionality, and mitigates Aβ toxicity. Furthermore, Aβ shuttling into mitochondria promotes Drp1 activation and exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction, which induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation, leading to secretion of IL-1β and activation of the pyroptosis-associated protein Gasdermin D (GSDMD). Downregulation of RAGE-TXNIP axis inhibits Aβ-induced mitochondria dysfunction, inflammation, and induction of GSDMD. Herein we unveil a new pathway driven by TXNIP that links the mitochondrial transport of Aβ to the activation of Drp1 and the NLRP3 inflammasome, promoting the secretion of IL-1β and the pyroptosis pathway associated with GSDMD cleavage. Altogether these data shed new light on a novel mechanism of action of RAGE-TXNIP axis in microglia, which is intertwined with Aβ and ultimately causes mitochondria dysfunction and NLRP3 inflammasome cascade activation, suggesting TXNIP as a druggable target to be better deepened for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oualid Sbai
- Caminnov sas, Montpellier, France
- University Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | - Antonia Auletta
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ieraci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Vascotto
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
| | - L Perrone
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.
- DKFZ, Department of Functional and Structural Genomics, Heidelberg, Germany.
- University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
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5
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Aab A, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Albury JM, Allekotte I, Almela A, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Alves Batista R, Anastasi GA, Anchordoqui L, Andrada B, Andringa S, Aramo C, Araújo Ferreira PR, Asorey H, Assis P, Avila G, Badescu AM, Bakalova A, Balaceanu A, Barbato F, Barreira Luz RJ, Becker KH, Bellido JA, Berat C, Bertaina ME, Bertou X, Biermann PL, Bister T, Biteau J, Blazek J, Bleve C, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Bonneau Arbeletche L, Borodai N, Botti AM, Brack J, Bretz T, Briechle FL, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Buitink S, Buscemi M, Caballero-Mora KS, Caccianiga L, Cancio A, Canfora F, Caracas I, Carceller JM, Caruso R, Castellina A, Catalani F, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cerda M, Chinellato JA, Choi K, Chudoba J, Chytka L, Clay RW, Cobos Cerutti AC, Colalillo R, Coleman A, Coluccia MR, Conceição R, Condorelli A, Consolati G, Contreras F, Convenga F, Covault CE, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, Day JA, de Almeida RM, de Jesús J, de Jong SJ, De Mauro G, de Mello Neto JRT, De Mitri I, de Oliveira J, de Oliveira Franco D, de Souza V, De Vito E, Debatin J, Del Río M, Deligny O, Dembinski H, Dhital N, Di Matteo A, Dobrigkeit C, D'Olivo JC, Dos Anjos RC, Dova MT, Ebr J, Engel R, Epicoco I, Erdmann M, Escobar CO, Etchegoyen A, Falcke H, Farmer J, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Feldbusch F, Fenu F, Fick B, Figueira JM, Filipčič A, Fodran T, Freire MM, Fujii T, Fuster A, Galea C, Galelli C, García B, Garcia Vegas AL, Gemmeke H, Gesualdi F, Gherghel-Lascu A, Ghia PL, Giaccari U, Giammarchi M, Giller M, Glombitza J, Gobbi F, Gollan F, Golup G, Gómez Berisso M, Gómez Vitale PF, Gongora JP, González N, Goos I, Góra D, Gorgi A, Gottowik M, Grubb TD, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Guido E, Hahn S, Halliday R, Hampel MR, Hansen P, Harari D, Harvey VM, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Hill GC, Hojvat C, Hörandel JR, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Hulsman J, Insolia A, Isar PG, Johnsen JA, Jurysek J, Kääpä A, Kampert KH, Keilhauer B, Kemp J, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Köpke M, Kukec Mezek G, Lago BL, LaHurd D, Lang RG, Langner N, Leigui de Oliveira MA, Lenok V, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Lo Presti D, Lopes L, López R, Lorek R, Luce Q, Lucero A, Lundquist JP, Machado Payeras A, Mancarella G, Mandat D, Manning BC, Manshanden J, Mantsch P, Marafico S, Mariazzi AG, Mariş IC, Marsella G, Martello D, Martinez H, Martínez Bravo O, Mastrodicasa M, Mathes HJ, Matthews J, Matthiae G, Mayotte E, Mazur PO, Medina-Tanco G, Melo D, Menshikov A, Merenda KD, Michal S, Micheletti MI, Miramonti L, Mollerach S, Montanet F, Morello C, Mostafá M, Müller AL, Muller MA, Mulrey K, Mussa R, Muzio M, Namasaka WM, Nellen L, Niculescu-Oglinzanu M, Niechciol M, Nitz D, Nosek D, Novotny V, Nožka L, Nucita A, Núñez LA, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Papenbreer P, Parente G, Parra A, Pech M, Pedreira F, Pȩkala J, Pelayo R, Peña-Rodriguez J, Perez Armand J, Perlin M, Perrone L, Petrera S, Pierog T, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Pont B, Pothast M, Privitera P, Prouza M, Puyleart A, Querchfeld S, Rautenberg J, Ravignani D, Reininghaus M, Ridky J, Riehn F, Risse M, Ristori P, Rizi V, Rodrigues de Carvalho W, Rodriguez Rojo J, Roncoroni MJ, Roth M, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Ruehl P, Saffi SJ, Saftoiu A, Salamida F, Salazar H, Salina G, Sanabria Gomez JD, Sánchez F, Santos EM, Santos E, Sarazin F, Sarmento R, Sarmiento-Cano C, Sato R, Savina P, Schäfer CM, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schimassek M, Schimp M, Schlüter F, Schmidt D, Scholten O, Schovánek P, Schröder FG, Schröder S, Schulte J, Sciutto SJ, Scornavacche M, Shellard RC, Sigl G, Silli G, Sima O, Šmída R, Sommers P, Soriano JF, Souchard J, Squartini R, Stadelmaier M, Stanca D, Stanič S, Stasielak J, Stassi P, Streich A, Suárez-Durán M, Sudholz T, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Šupík J, Szadkowski Z, Taboada A, Tapia A, Timmermans C, Tkachenko O, Tobiska P, Todero Peixoto CJ, Tomé B, Torralba Elipe G, Travaini A, Travnicek P, Trimarelli C, Trini M, Tueros M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Vaclavek L, Vacula M, Valdés Galicia JF, Valiño I, Valore L, Varela E, Varma K C V, Vásquez-Ramírez A, Veberič D, Ventura C, Vergara Quispe ID, Verzi V, Vicha J, Vink J, Vorobiov S, Wahlberg H, Watson AA, Weber M, Weindl A, Wiencke L, Wilczyński H, Winchen T, Wirtz M, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Yushkov A, Zapparrata O, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zehrer L, Zepeda A. Measurement of the Fluctuations in the Number of Muons in Extensive Air Showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:152002. [PMID: 33929235 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.152002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present the first measurement of the fluctuations in the number of muons in extensive air showers produced by ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. We find that the measured fluctuations are in good agreement with predictions from air shower simulations. This observation provides new insights into the origin of the previously reported deficit of muons in air shower simulations and constrains models of hadronic interactions at ultrahigh energies. Our measurement is compatible with the muon deficit originating from small deviations in the predictions from hadronic interaction models of particle production that accumulate as the showers develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aab
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P Abreu
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Aglietta
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - J M Albury
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - I Allekotte
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A Almela
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Alvarez-Muñiz
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - R Alves Batista
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G A Anastasi
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - L Anchordoqui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - B Andrada
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Andringa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Aramo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - H Asorey
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Assis
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Avila
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - A M Badescu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Bakalova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Balaceanu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - F Barbato
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Università di Napoli "Federico II," Napoli, Italy
| | - R J Barreira Luz
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - K H Becker
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J A Bellido
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - C Berat
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - M E Bertaina
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - X Bertou
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P L Biermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - T Bister
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Biteau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - J Blazek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Bleve
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - M Boháčová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Boncioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - C Bonifazi
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - N Borodai
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - A M Botti
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Brack
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - T Bretz
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - F L Briechle
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - P Buchholz
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - A Bueno
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - S Buitink
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Buscemi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - L Caccianiga
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - A Cancio
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Canfora
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I Caracas
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J M Carceller
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - R Caruso
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Castellina
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - F Catalani
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Cataldi
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - L Cazon
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Cerda
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J A Chinellato
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K Choi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Chudoba
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Chytka
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - R W Clay
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A C Cobos Cerutti
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - R Colalillo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Università di Napoli "Federico II," Napoli, Italy
| | - A Coleman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - M R Coluccia
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - R Conceição
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Condorelli
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - G Consolati
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - F Contreras
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - F Convenga
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - C E Covault
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - S Dasso
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - K Daumiller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B R Dawson
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J A Day
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - R M de Almeida
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J de Jesús
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S J de Jong
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G De Mauro
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J R T de Mello Neto
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - I De Mitri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - J de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - V de Souza
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E De Vito
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - J Debatin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Del Río
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - O Deligny
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - H Dembinski
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Dhital
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - C Dobrigkeit
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J C D'Olivo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - R C Dos Anjos
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
| | - M T Dova
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - J Ebr
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - I Epicoco
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - M Erdmann
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - C O Escobar
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - A Etchegoyen
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Falcke
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - J Farmer
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - G Farrar
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - A C Fauth
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Fazzini
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - F Feldbusch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Fenu
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - B Fick
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - J M Figueira
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Filipčič
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - T Fodran
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M M Freire
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - T Fujii
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - A Fuster
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Galea
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C Galelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - B García
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - A L Garcia Vegas
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - H Gemmeke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Gesualdi
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Gherghel-Lascu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - P L Ghia
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - U Giaccari
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Giller
- Faculty of Astrophysics, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - J Glombitza
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Gobbi
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - F Gollan
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Golup
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - M Gómez Berisso
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P F Gómez Vitale
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J P Gongora
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - N González
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - I Goos
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Góra
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Gorgi
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Gottowik
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T D Grubb
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - F Guarino
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Università di Napoli "Federico II," Napoli, Italy
| | - G P Guedes
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - E Guido
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - S Hahn
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R Halliday
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - M R Hampel
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Hansen
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - D Harari
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - V M Harvey
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Hebbeker
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Heck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G C Hill
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - C Hojvat
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - J R Hörandel
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Horvath
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Hrabovský
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - T Huege
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Hulsman
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Insolia
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - P G Isar
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - J A Johnsen
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - J Jurysek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Kääpä
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - K H Kampert
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Keilhauer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Kemp
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - H O Klages
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kleifges
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - M Köpke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G Kukec Mezek
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - B L Lago
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Nova Friburgo, Brazil
| | - D LaHurd
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - R G Lang
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Langner
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - V Lenok
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Letessier-Selvon
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - I Lhenry-Yvon
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - D Lo Presti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - L Lopes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R López
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - R Lorek
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Q Luce
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Lucero
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J P Lundquist
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - A Machado Payeras
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Mancarella
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - D Mandat
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B C Manning
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Manshanden
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Mantsch
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - S Marafico
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - A G Mariazzi
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - I C Mariş
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Marsella
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - D Martello
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - H Martinez
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - M Mastrodicasa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - H J Mathes
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Matthews
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - G Matthiae
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
| | - E Mayotte
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - P O Mazur
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - G Medina-Tanco
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - D Melo
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Menshikov
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K-D Merenda
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - S Michal
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M I Micheletti
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - L Miramonti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - S Mollerach
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - F Montanet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - C Morello
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Mostafá
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A L Müller
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M A Muller
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K Mulrey
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Mussa
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Muzio
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - W M Namasaka
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - L Nellen
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - M Niculescu-Oglinzanu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - M Niechciol
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - D Nitz
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - D Nosek
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Novotny
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Nožka
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - A Nucita
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - L A Núñez
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - M Palatka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Pallotta
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - P Papenbreer
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G Parente
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Parra
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - M Pech
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Pedreira
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Pȩkala
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - R Pelayo
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Distrito Federal, México
| | | | - J Perez Armand
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Perlin
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Perrone
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - S Petrera
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - T Pierog
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Pimenta
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - V Pirronello
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Platino
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B Pont
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Pothast
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Privitera
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - M Prouza
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Puyleart
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - S Querchfeld
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Rautenberg
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D Ravignani
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Reininghaus
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Ridky
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Riehn
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Risse
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - P Ristori
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - V Rizi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | | | - J Rodriguez Rojo
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M J Roncoroni
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Roth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E Roulet
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A C Rovero
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Ruehl
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - S J Saffi
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A Saftoiu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - F Salamida
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - H Salazar
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - G Salina
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Sánchez
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E M Santos
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Santos
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Sarazin
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - R Sarmento
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Sarmiento-Cano
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Sato
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - P Savina
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - C M Schäfer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Schimassek
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Schimp
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - F Schlüter
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Schmidt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Scholten
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Schovánek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F G Schröder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Schröder
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Schulte
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - S J Sciutto
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Scornavacche
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R C Shellard
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G Sigl
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Silli
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Sima
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - R Šmída
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - P Sommers
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J F Soriano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - J Souchard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - R Squartini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M Stadelmaier
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Stanca
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - S Stanič
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - J Stasielak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - P Stassi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Streich
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Suárez-Durán
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - T Sudholz
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - T Suomijärvi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - A D Supanitsky
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Šupík
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Z Szadkowski
- Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - A Taboada
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Tapia
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - C Timmermans
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O Tkachenko
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Tobiska
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C J Todero Peixoto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B Tomé
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Torralba Elipe
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Travaini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - P Travnicek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Trimarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - M Trini
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M Tueros
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - R Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Unger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Vaclavek
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Vacula
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - J F Valdés Galicia
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - I Valiño
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - L Valore
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Università di Napoli "Federico II," Napoli, Italy
| | - E Varela
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - V Varma K C
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - D Veberič
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Ventura
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - V Verzi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
| | - J Vicha
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Vink
- Faculty of Science, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Vorobiov
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - H Wahlberg
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - A A Watson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - M Weber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Wiencke
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - H Wilczyński
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - T Winchen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Wirtz
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Wittkowski
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Wundheiler
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Yushkov
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - O Zapparrata
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Zas
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - L Zehrer
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - A Zepeda
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), México, Distrito Federal, México
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6
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Iughetti L, Antoniazzi F, Giavoli C, Bona G, Aversa T, Greggio NA, Guazzarotti L, Minelli R, Perrone L, Persani L, Pozzobon G, Ragusa L, Stagi S, Tornese G, Zecchino C, Gallinari P, Zouater H, Fedeli P, Zucchini S. Safety and effectiveness of a somatropin biosimilar in children requiring growth hormone treatment: second analysis of the PATRO Children study Italian cohort. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:493-503. [PMID: 32557273 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the long-term safety (primary endpoint) and effectiveness (secondary endpoint) of the somatropin biosimilar Omnitrope®. METHODS PATRO Children is an ongoing, multicenter, observational, post-marketing surveillance study. Children who received Omnitrope® for any indication were included. Adverse events (AEs) were evaluated in all study participants. Auxological data, including height standard deviation scores (HSDS) and height velocity standard deviation scores (HVSDS), were used to assess effectiveness. In this snapshot analysis, data from the Italian subpopulation up to August 2017 were reported. RESULTS A total of 291 patients (mean age 10.0 years, 56.0% male) were enrolled at 19 sites in Italy. The mean duration of Omnitrope® treatment was 33.1 ± 21.7 months. There were 48 AEs with a suspected relationship to the study drug (as reported by the investigator) that occurred in 35 (12.0%) patients, most commonly headache, pyrexia, arthralgia, insulin-like growth factor above normal range, abdominal pain, pain in extremity and acute gastroenteritis. There were no confirmed cases of type 1 or type 2 diabetes; however, two patients (0.7%) had impaired glucose tolerance that was considered Omnitrope® related. The mean HSDS increased from - 2.41 ± 0.73 at baseline (n = 238) to - 0.91 ± 0.68 at 6.5 years (n = 10). The mean HVSDS increased from - 1.77 ± 1.38 at baseline (n = 136) to 0.96 ± 1.13 at 6.5 years (n = 10). CONCLUSIONS In this sub-analysis of PATRO Children, Omnitrope® appeared to have acceptable safety and effectiveness in the treatment of in Italian children, which was consistent with the earlier findings from controlled clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Iughetti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 41124, Modena, Italy.
| | - F Antoniazzi
- UO di Pediatria, Ospedale Donna e Bambino, Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Odontostomatologiche e Materno Infantili, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - C Giavoli
- Unità Operativa di Endocrinologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - G Bona
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - T Aversa
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - N A Greggio
- UO di Endocrinologia Pediatrica e Adolescentologia, Dip. Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Az. Ospedaliera-Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - L Guazzarotti
- Unita Operativa di Endocrinologia Pediatrica e Adolescentologia Clinica Pediatrica-Università Degli Studi di Padova Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - R Minelli
- Clinica Pediatrica, Dipartimento Materno Infantile, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - L Perrone
- Dipartimento Della Donna, del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università Degli Studi Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - L Persani
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - G Pozzobon
- Clinica Pediatrica Dipartimento Materno-Infantile IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - L Ragusa
- Dipartimento Per Il Ritardo Mentale, Unità Operativa di Pediatria e Genetica Medica, Oasi Research Institute-I.R.C.C.S., Troina, Enna, Italy
| | - S Stagi
- Clinica Pediatrica I, Auxoendocrinologia e Ginecologia Pediatrica, AOU Meyer, Florence, Italy
| | - G Tornese
- Clinica Pediatrica Ospedale "Burlo Garofalo" di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Zecchino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Ed Oncologia Umana, AO Policlinico di Bari Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, Bari, Italy
| | | | - H Zouater
- Sandoz Biopharmaceutical C/O HEXAL AG, Holzkirchen, Germany
| | | | - S Zucchini
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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7
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Blanco A, Rocha-de-Lossada C, Navarro P, Lerner SF, Perrone L, Soler Ferrández FL. "White-puncture": A simple technique to prevent tearing of the anterior capsule during capsulorhexis in intumescent white cataracts. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) 2021; 96:97-101. [PMID: 32873477 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to avoid radial tearing of the anterior capsule while performing continuous circular capsulorhexis (CCC) in a white intumescent cataract, called the "Argentinian flag sign" when CCC is associated with a previous capsular stain with trypan blue, an initial puncture of the anterior capsule is performed with a 30G needle as the first step of the surgical procedure, that means, prior to any previous aperture of the anterior chamber. This act seems to allow the pressure of the intracrystalline space and the pressure of the anterior chamber to be equalized, as the liquefied content of the intumescent white cataract is released into a presumably hermetic anterior chamber, avoiding the dreaded anterior capsular radial tear. This technique, called "white-puncture", has been used in 174 cases without any associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Blanco
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Oftalmológico Santa Ana, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Rocha-de-Lossada
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Costa del Sol , Marbella , España.
| | - P Navarro
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Instituto de Oftalmología de Bariloche, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - S F Lerner
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Perrone
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Centro de ojos Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F L Soler Ferrández
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Innova Ocular Clínica Dr. Soler, Elche, Alicante, España
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8
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Aab A, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Albury JM, Allekotte I, Almela A, Alvarez Castillo J, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Alves Batista R, Anastasi GA, Anchordoqui L, Andrada B, Andringa S, Aramo C, Araújo Ferreira PR, Asorey H, Assis P, Avila G, Badescu AM, Bakalova A, Balaceanu A, Barbato F, Barreira Luz RJ, Becker KH, Bellido JA, Berat C, Bertaina ME, Bertou X, Biermann PL, Bister T, Biteau J, Blanco A, Blazek J, Bleve C, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Bonneau Arbeletche L, Borodai N, Botti AM, Brack J, Bretz T, Briechle FL, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Buitink S, Buscemi M, Caballero-Mora KS, Caccianiga L, Calcagni L, Cancio A, Canfora F, Caracas I, Carceller JM, Caruso R, Castellina A, Catalani F, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cerda M, Chinellato JA, Choi K, Chudoba J, Chytka L, Clay RW, Cobos Cerutti AC, Colalillo R, Coleman A, Coluccia MR, Conceição R, Condorelli A, Consolati G, Contreras F, Convenga F, Covault CE, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, Day JA, de Almeida RM, de Jesús J, de Jong SJ, De Mauro G, de Mello Neto JRT, De Mitri I, de Oliveira J, de Oliveira Franco D, de Souza V, De Vito E, Debatin J, Del Río M, Deligny O, Dembinski H, Dhital N, Di Giulio C, Di Matteo A, Díaz Castro ML, Dobrigkeit C, D'Olivo JC, Dorosti Q, Dos Anjos RC, Dova MT, Ebr J, Engel R, Epicoco I, Erdmann M, Escobar CO, Etchegoyen A, Falcke H, Farmer J, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Feldbusch F, Fenu F, Fick B, Figueira JM, Filipčič A, Fodran T, Freire MM, Fujii T, Fuster A, Galea C, Galelli C, García B, Garcia Vegas AL, Gemmeke H, Gesualdi F, Gherghel-Lascu A, Ghia PL, Giaccari U, Giammarchi M, Giller M, Glombitza J, Gobbi F, Gollan F, Golup G, Gómez Berisso M, Gómez Vitale PF, Gongora JP, González N, Goos I, Góra D, Gorgi A, Gottowik M, Grubb TD, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Guido E, Hahn S, Halliday R, Hampel MR, Hansen P, Harari D, Harvey VM, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Hill GC, Hojvat C, Hörandel JR, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Hulsman J, Insolia A, Isar PG, Johnsen JA, Jurysek J, Kääpä A, Kampert KH, Keilhauer B, Kemp J, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Köpke M, Kukec Mezek G, Lago BL, LaHurd D, Lang RG, Leigui de Oliveira MA, Lenok V, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Lo Presti D, Lopes L, López R, Lorek R, Luce Q, Lucero A, Machado Payeras A, Malacari M, Mancarella G, Mandat D, Manning BC, Manshanden J, Mantsch P, Marafico S, Mariazzi AG, Mariş IC, Marsella G, Martello D, Martinez H, Martínez Bravo O, Mastrodicasa M, Mathes HJ, Matthews J, Matthiae G, Mayotte E, Mazur PO, Medina-Tanco G, Melo D, Menshikov A, Merenda KD, Michal S, Micheletti MI, Miramonti L, Mockler D, Mollerach S, Montanet F, Morello C, Mostafá M, Müller AL, Muller MA, Mulrey K, Mussa R, Muzio M, Namasaka WM, Nellen L, Nguyen PH, Niculescu-Oglinzanu M, Niechciol M, Nitz D, Nosek D, Novotny V, Nožka L, Nucita A, Núñez LA, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Panetta MP, Papenbreer P, Parente G, Parra A, Pech M, Pedreira F, Pȩkala J, Pelayo R, Peña-Rodriguez J, Perez Armand J, Perlin M, Perrone L, Peters C, Petrera S, Pierog T, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Pont B, Pothast M, Privitera P, Prouza M, Puyleart A, Querchfeld S, Rautenberg J, Ravignani D, Reininghaus M, Ridky J, Riehn F, Risse M, Ristori P, Rizi V, Rodrigues de Carvalho W, Rodriguez Fernandez G, Rodriguez Rojo J, Roncoroni MJ, Roth M, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Ruehl P, Saffi SJ, Saftoiu A, Salamida F, Salazar H, Salina G, Sanabria Gomez JD, Sánchez F, Santos EM, Santos E, Sarazin F, Sarmento R, Sarmiento-Cano C, Sato R, Savina P, Schäfer C, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schimassek M, Schimp M, Schlüter F, Schmidt D, Scholten O, Schovánek P, Schröder FG, Schröder S, Schulz A, Sciutto SJ, Scornavacche M, Shellard RC, Sigl G, Silli G, Sima O, Šmída R, Sommers P, Soriano JF, Souchard J, Squartini R, Stadelmaier M, Stanca D, Stanič S, Stasielak J, Stassi P, Streich A, Suárez-Durán M, Sudholz T, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Šupík J, Szadkowski Z, Taboada A, Tapia A, Timmermans C, Tkachenko O, Tobiska P, Todero Peixoto CJ, Tomé B, Torralba Elipe G, Travaini A, Travnicek P, Trimarelli C, Trini M, Tueros M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Vaclavek L, Vacula M, Valdés Galicia JF, Valiño I, Valore L, van Vliet A, Varela E, Vargas Cárdenas B, Vásquez-Ramírez A, Veberič D, Ventura C, Vergara Quispe ID, Verzi V, Vicha J, Villaseñor L, Vink J, Vorobiov S, Wahlberg H, Watson AA, Weber M, Weindl A, Wiencke L, Wilczyński H, Winchen T, Wirtz M, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Yushkov A, Zapparrata O, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zehrer L, Zepeda A, Ziolkowski M, Zuccarello F. Features of the Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays above 2.5×10^{18} eV Using the Pierre Auger Observatory. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:121106. [PMID: 33016715 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.121106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 2.5×10^{18} eV based on 215 030 events. New results are presented: at about 1.3×10^{19} eV, the spectral index changes from 2.51±0.03(stat)±0.05(syst) to 3.05±0.05(stat)±0.10(syst), evolving to 5.1±0.3(stat)±0.1(syst) beyond 5×10^{19} eV, while no significant dependence of spectral features on the declination is seen in the accessible range. These features of the spectrum can be reproduced in models with energy-dependent mass composition. The energy density in cosmic rays above 5×10^{18} eV is [5.66±0.03(stat)±1.40(syst)]×10^{53} erg Mpc^{-3}.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aab
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P Abreu
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Aglietta
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - J M Albury
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - I Allekotte
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A Almela
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - J Alvarez-Muñiz
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - R Alves Batista
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G A Anastasi
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - L Anchordoqui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - B Andrada
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Andringa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Aramo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - H Asorey
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Assis
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Avila
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - A M Badescu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Bakalova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Balaceanu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - F Barbato
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Napoli, Italy
| | - R J Barreira Luz
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - K H Becker
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J A Bellido
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - C Berat
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France, France
| | - M E Bertaina
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - X Bertou
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P L Biermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - T Bister
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Biteau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France
| | - A Blanco
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Blazek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Bleve
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France, France
| | - M Boháčová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Boncioli
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - C Bonifazi
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - N Borodai
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - A M Botti
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Brack
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - T Bretz
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - F L Briechle
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - P Buchholz
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - A Bueno
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - S Buitink
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Buscemi
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - L Caccianiga
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - L Calcagni
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - A Cancio
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Canfora
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I Caracas
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J M Carceller
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - R Caruso
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Castellina
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - F Catalani
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - G Cataldi
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - L Cazon
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Cerda
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J A Chinellato
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - K Choi
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Chudoba
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Chytka
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - R W Clay
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - A C Cobos Cerutti
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - R Colalillo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Napoli, Italy
| | - A Coleman
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, DE, USA
| | - M R Coluccia
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - R Conceição
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Condorelli
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - G Consolati
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
| | - F Contreras
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - F Convenga
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - C E Covault
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- also at Radboud Universtiy Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S Dasso
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - K Daumiller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B R Dawson
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - J A Day
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - R M de Almeida
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil
| | - J de Jesús
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S J de Jong
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G De Mauro
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J R T de Mello Neto
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - I De Mitri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - J de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - V de Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - E De Vito
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - J Debatin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Del Río
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - O Deligny
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France
| | - H Dembinski
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Dhital
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - C Di Giulio
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | | | - M L Díaz Castro
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - C Dobrigkeit
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - J C D'Olivo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Q Dorosti
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - R C Dos Anjos
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
| | - M T Dova
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - J Ebr
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - I Epicoco
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - M Erdmann
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - A Etchegoyen
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Falcke
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - J Farmer
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - G Farrar
- New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - A C Fauth
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - N Fazzini
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, USA
| | - F Feldbusch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Fenu
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - B Fick
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - J M Figueira
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Filipčič
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - T Fodran
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M M Freire
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - T Fujii
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
- now at Hakubi Center for Advanced Research and Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Fuster
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Galea
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C Galelli
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - B García
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - A L Garcia Vegas
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - H Gemmeke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Gesualdi
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Gherghel-Lascu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - P L Ghia
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France
| | - U Giaccari
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Giller
- University of Łódź, Faculty of Astrophysics, Łódź, Poland
| | - J Glombitza
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Gobbi
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - F Gollan
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Golup
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - M Gómez Berisso
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P F Gómez Vitale
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J P Gongora
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - N González
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - I Goos
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Góra
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Gorgi
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Gottowik
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T D Grubb
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - F Guarino
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Napoli, Italy
| | - G P Guedes
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - E Guido
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - S Hahn
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R Halliday
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - M R Hampel
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Hansen
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - D Harari
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - V M Harvey
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Hebbeker
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Heck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G C Hill
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - C Hojvat
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, USA
| | - J R Hörandel
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Horvath
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Hrabovský
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - T Huege
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Hulsman
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Insolia
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - P G Isar
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | | | - J Jurysek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Kääpä
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - K H Kampert
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Keilhauer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Kemp
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - H O Klages
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kleifges
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - M Köpke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G Kukec Mezek
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - B L Lago
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Nova Friburgo, Brazil
| | - D LaHurd
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - R G Lang
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - V Lenok
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Letessier-Selvon
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - I Lhenry-Yvon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France
| | - D Lo Presti
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - L Lopes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R López
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - R Lorek
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Q Luce
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Lucero
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - M Malacari
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - G Mancarella
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - D Mandat
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B C Manning
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - J Manshanden
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Mantsch
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, USA
| | - S Marafico
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France
| | - A G Mariazzi
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - I C Mariş
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Marsella
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - D Martello
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - H Martinez
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - M Mastrodicasa
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - H J Mathes
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Matthews
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - G Matthiae
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - E Mayotte
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - P O Mazur
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, USA
| | - G Medina-Tanco
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - D Melo
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Menshikov
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - S Michal
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M I Micheletti
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - L Miramonti
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - D Mockler
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Mollerach
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - F Montanet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France, France
| | - C Morello
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Mostafá
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - A L Müller
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M A Muller
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Poços de Caldas, Brazil
| | - K Mulrey
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Mussa
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Muzio
- New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - W M Namasaka
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - L Nellen
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - P H Nguyen
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - M Niculescu-Oglinzanu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - M Niechciol
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - D Nitz
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Nosek
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Novotny
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Nožka
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - A Nucita
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - L A Núñez
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - M Palatka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Pallotta
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - M P Panetta
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - P Papenbreer
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G Parente
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Parra
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - M Pech
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Pedreira
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Pȩkala
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - R Pelayo
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, D.F., México
| | | | - J Perez Armand
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M Perlin
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Perrone
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - C Peters
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - S Petrera
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - T Pierog
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Pimenta
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - V Pirronello
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Platino
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B Pont
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Pothast
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Privitera
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Prouza
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Puyleart
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - S Querchfeld
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Rautenberg
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D Ravignani
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Reininghaus
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Ridky
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Riehn
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Risse
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - P Ristori
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - V Rizi
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | | | - G Rodriguez Fernandez
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | | | - M J Roncoroni
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Roth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E Roulet
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A C Rovero
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Ruehl
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - S J Saffi
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - A Saftoiu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - F Salamida
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - H Salazar
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - G Salina
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Sánchez
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E M Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - E Santos
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Sarazin
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - R Sarmento
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Sarmiento-Cano
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Sato
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - P Savina
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - C Schäfer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Schimassek
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Schimp
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - F Schlüter
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Schmidt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Scholten
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Schovánek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F G Schröder
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, DE, USA
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Schröder
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A Schulz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S J Sciutto
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Scornavacche
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R C Shellard
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - G Sigl
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Silli
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Sima
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- also at Radboud Universtiy Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R Šmída
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - P Sommers
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - J F Soriano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - J Souchard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France, France
| | - R Squartini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M Stadelmaier
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Stanca
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - S Stanič
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - J Stasielak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - P Stassi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France, France
| | - A Streich
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Suárez-Durán
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - T Sudholz
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - T Suomijärvi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France
| | - A D Supanitsky
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Šupík
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Z Szadkowski
- University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland
| | - A Taboada
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Tapia
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - C Timmermans
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O Tkachenko
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Tobiska
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C J Todero Peixoto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - B Tomé
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Torralba Elipe
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Travaini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - P Travnicek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Trimarelli
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - M Trini
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M Tueros
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - R Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Unger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Urban
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - L Vaclavek
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Vacula
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - I Valiño
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - L Valore
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Napoli, Italy
| | - A van Vliet
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E Varela
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | | | | | - D Veberič
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Ventura
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - V Verzi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - J Vicha
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Villaseñor
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - J Vink
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Vorobiov
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - H Wahlberg
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - A A Watson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - M Weber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Wiencke
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - H Wilczyński
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - T Winchen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Wirtz
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Wittkowski
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Wundheiler
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Yushkov
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - O Zapparrata
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Zas
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - L Zehrer
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - A Zepeda
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), México, D.F., México
| | - M Ziolkowski
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - F Zuccarello
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
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9
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De Santis A, Marchetti D, Pavón-Carrasco FJ, Cianchini G, Perrone L, Abbattista C, Alfonsi L, Amoruso L, Campuzano SA, Carbone M, Cesaroni C, De Franceschi G, De Santis A, Di Giovambattista R, Ippolito A, Piscini A, Sabbagh D, Soldani M, Santoro F, Spogli L, Haagmans R. Precursory worldwide signatures of earthquake occurrences on Swarm satellite data. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20287. [PMID: 31889060 PMCID: PMC6937265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the preparation phase of large earthquakes is essential to understand the physical processes involved, and potentially useful also to develop a future reliable short-term warning system. Here we analyse electron density and magnetic field data measured by Swarm three-satellite constellation for 4.7 years, to look for possible in-situ ionospheric precursors of large earthquakes to study the interactions between the lithosphere and the above atmosphere and ionosphere, in what is called the Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC). We define these anomalies statistically in the whole space-time interval of interest and use a Worldwide Statistical Correlation (WSC) analysis through a superposed epoch approach to study the possible relation with the earthquakes. We find some clear concentrations of electron density and magnetic anomalies from more than two months to some days before the earthquake occurrences. Such anomaly clustering is, in general, statistically significant with respect to homogeneous random simulations, supporting a LAIC during the preparation phase of earthquakes. By investigating different earthquake magnitude ranges, not only do we confirm the well-known Rikitake empirical law between ionospheric anomaly precursor time and earthquake magnitude, but we also give more reliability to the seismic source origin for many of the identified anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A De Santis
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, Roma, 00143, Italy.
| | - D Marchetti
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, Roma, 00143, Italy
- Now at School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering NUIST, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - F J Pavón-Carrasco
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, Roma, 00143, Italy
- Now at Univ. Complutense de Madrid, Facultad CC. Físicas, Avd. Complutense, s/n - Madrid 28040, Spain & Geoscience Institute IGEO (CSIC - UCM), Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - G Cianchini
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, Roma, 00143, Italy
| | - L Perrone
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, Roma, 00143, Italy
| | - C Abbattista
- Planetek Italia srl, via Massaua 12, Bari, 70132, Italy
| | - L Alfonsi
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, Roma, 00143, Italy
| | - L Amoruso
- Planetek Italia srl, via Massaua 12, Bari, 70132, Italy
| | - S A Campuzano
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, Roma, 00143, Italy
| | - M Carbone
- Planetek Italia srl, via Massaua 12, Bari, 70132, Italy
| | - C Cesaroni
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, Roma, 00143, Italy
| | - G De Franceschi
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, Roma, 00143, Italy
| | - Anna De Santis
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, Roma, 00143, Italy
| | - R Di Giovambattista
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, Roma, 00143, Italy
| | - A Ippolito
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, Roma, 00143, Italy
- Now at ASI, Via del Politecnico snc, Roma, 00133, Italy
| | - A Piscini
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, Roma, 00143, Italy
| | - D Sabbagh
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, Roma, 00143, Italy
| | - M Soldani
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, Roma, 00143, Italy
| | - F Santoro
- Planetek Italia srl, via Massaua 12, Bari, 70132, Italy
| | - L Spogli
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, Roma, 00143, Italy
- SpacEarth Technology, Via di Vigna Murata 605, Roma, 00143, Italy
| | - R Haagmans
- European Space Agency, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
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Aab A, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Albuquerque I, Albury J, Allekotte I, Almela A, Alvarez Castillo J, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Anastasi G, Anchordoqui L, Andrada B, Andringa S, Aramo C, Asorey H, Assis P, Avila G, Badescu A, Bakalova A, Balaceanu A, Barbato F, Barreira Luz R, Baur S, Becker K, Bellido J, Berat C, Bertaina M, Bertou X, Biermann P, Biteau J, Blaess S, Blanco A, Blazek J, Bleve C, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Borodai N, Botti A, Brack J, Bretz T, Bridgeman A, Briechle F, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Buitink S, Buscemi M, Caballero-Mora K, Caccianiga L, Calcagni L, Cancio A, Canfora F, Carceller J, Caruso R, Castellina A, Catalani F, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cerda M, Chinellato J, Chudoba J, Chytka L, Clay R, Cobos Cerutti A, Colalillo R, Coleman A, Coluccia M, Conceição R, Condorelli A, Consolati G, Contreras F, Convenga F, Cooper M, Coutu S, Covault C, Daniel B, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson B, Day J, de Almeida R, de Jong S, De Mauro G, de Mello Neto J, De Mitri I, de Oliveira J, de Oliveira Salles F, de Souza V, Debatin J, del Río M, Deligny O, Dhital N, Díaz Castro M, Diogo F, Dobrigkeit C, D’Olivo J, Dorosti Q, dos Anjos R, Dova M, Dundovic A, Ebr J, Engel R, Erdmann M, Escobar C, Etchegoyen A, Falcke H, Farmer J, Farrar G, Fauth A, Fazzini N, Feldbusch F, Fenu F, Ferreyro L, Figueira J, Filipčič A, Freire M, Fujii T, Fuster A, García B, Gemmeke H, Gherghel-Lascu A, Ghia P, Giaccari U, Giammarchi M, Giller M, Głas D, Glombitza J, Gobbi F, Golup G, Gómez Berisso M, Gómez Vitale P, Gongora J, González N, Goos I, Góra D, Gorgi A, Gottowik M, Grubb T, Guarino F, Guedes G, Guido E, Halliday R, Hampel M, Hansen P, Harari D, Harrison T, Harvey V, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Heimann P, Hill G, Hojvat C, Holt E, Homola P, Hörandel J, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Hulsman J, Insolia A, Isar P, Jandt I, Johnsen J, Josebachuili M, Jurysek J, Kääpä A, Kampert K, Keilhauer B, Kemmerich N, Kemp J, Klages H, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Krause R, Kuempel D, Kukec Mezek G, Kuotb Awad A, Lago B, LaHurd D, Lang R, Legumina R, Leigui de Oliveira M, Lenok V, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Lippmann O, Lo Presti D, Lopes L, López R, López Casado A, Lorek R, Luce Q, Lucero A, Malacari M, Mancarella G, Mandat D, Manning B, Mantsch P, Mariazzi A, Mariş I, Marsella G, Martello D, Martinez H, Martínez Bravo O, Mastrodicasa M, Mathes H, Mathys S, Matthews J, Matthiae G, Mayotte E, Mazur P, Medina-Tanco G, Melo D, Menshikov A, Merenda KD, Michal S, Micheletti M, Middendorf L, Miramonti L, Mitrica B, Mockler D, Mollerach S, Montanet F, Morello C, Morlino G, Mostafá M, Müller A, Muller M, Müller S, Mussa R, Nellen L, Nguyen P, Niculescu-Oglinzanu M, Niechciol M, Nitz D, Nosek D, Novotny V, Nožka L, Nucita A, Núñez L, Olinto A, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Panetta M, Papenbreer P, Parente G, Parra A, Pech M, Pedreira F, Pȩkala J, Pelayo R, Peña-Rodriguez J, Pereira L, Perlin M, Perrone L, Peters C, Petrera S, Phuntsok J, Pierog T, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Poh J, Pont B, Porowski C, Prado R, Privitera P, Prouza M, Puyleart A, Querchfeld S, Quinn S, Ramos-Pollan R, Rautenberg J, Ravignani D, Reininghaus M, Ridky J, Riehn F, Risse M, Ristori P, Rizi V, Rodrigues de Carvalho W, Rodriguez Rojo J, Roncoroni M, Roth M, Roulet E, Rovero A, Ruehl P, Saffi S, Saftoiu A, Salamida F, Salazar H, Salina G, Sanabria Gomez J, Sánchez F, Santos E, Santos E, Sarazin F, Sarmento R, Sarmiento-Cano C, Sato R, Savina P, Schauer M, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schimassek M, Schimp M, Schlüter F, Schmidt D, Scholten O, Schovánek P, Schröder F, Schröder S, Schumacher J, Sciutto S, Scornavacche M, Shellard R, Sigl G, Silli G, Sima O, Šmída R, Snow G, Sommers P, Soriano J, Souchard J, Squartini R, Stanca D, Stanič S, Stasielak J, Stassi P, Stolpovskiy M, Streich A, Suarez F, Suárez-Durán M, Sudholz T, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky A, Šupík J, Szadkowski Z, Taboada A, Taborda O, Tapia A, Timmermans C, Todero Peixoto C, Tomé B, Torralba Elipe G, Travaini A, Travnicek P, Trini M, Tueros M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Valdés Galicia J, Valiño I, Valore L, van Bodegom P, van den Berg A, van Vliet A, Varela E, Vargas Cárdenas B, Veberič D, Ventura C, Vergara Quispe I, Verzi V, Vicha J, Villaseñor L, Vink J, Vorobiov S, Wahlberg H, Watson A, Weber M, Weindl A, Wiedeński M, Wiencke L, Wilczyński H, Winchen T, Wirtz M, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Yang L, Yushkov A, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zehrer L, Zepeda A, Zimmermann B, Ziolkowski M, Zong Z, Zuccarello F. Data-driven estimation of the invisible energy of cosmic ray showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory. Int J Clin Exp Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.100.082003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Aab A, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Al Samarai I, Albuquerque I, Allekotte I, Almela A, Alvarez Castillo J, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Anastasi G, Anchordoqui L, Andrada B, Andringa S, Aramo C, Arqueros F, Arsene N, Asorey H, Assis P, Aublin J, Avila G, Badescu A, Balaceanu A, Barbato F, Barreira Luz R, Beatty J, Becker K, Bellido J, Berat C, Bertaina M, Bertou X, Biermann P, Biteau J, Blaess S, Blanco A, Blazek J, Bleve C, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Borodai N, Botti A, Brack J, Brancus I, Bretz T, Bridgeman A, Briechle F, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Buitink S, Buscemi M, Caballero-Mora K, Caccianiga L, Cancio A, Canfora F, Caramete L, Caruso R, Castellina A, Catalani F, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Chavez A, Chinellato J, Chudoba J, Clay R, Cobos A, Colalillo R, Coleman A, Collica L, Coluccia M, Conceição R, Consolati G, Contreras F, Cooper M, Coutu S, Covault C, Cronin J, D’Amico S, Daniel B, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson B, de Almeida R, de Jong S, De Mauro G, de Mello Neto J, De Mitri I, de Oliveira J, de Souza V, Debatin J, Deligny O, Díaz Castro M, Diogo F, Dobrigkeit C, D’Olivo J, Dorosti Q, dos Anjos R, Dova M, Dundovic A, Ebr J, Engel R, Erdmann M, Erfani M, Escobar C, Espadanal J, Etchegoyen A, Falcke H, Farmer J, Farrar G, Fauth A, Fazzini N, Fenu F, Fick B, Figueira J, Filipčič A, Fratu O, Freire M, Fujii T, Fuster A, Gaior R, García B, Garcia-Pinto D, Gaté F, Gemmeke H, Gherghel-Lascu A, Ghia P, Giaccari U, Giammarchi M, Giller M, Głas D, Glaser C, Golup G, Gómez Berisso M, Gómez Vitale P, González N, Gorgi A, Gorham P, Grillo A, Grubb T, Guarino F, Guedes G, Halliday R, Hampel M, Hansen P, Harari D, Harrison T, Harton J, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Heimann P, Herve A, Hill G, Hojvat C, Holt E, Homola P, Hörandel J, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Hulsman J, Insolia A, Isar P, Jandt I, Johnsen J, Josebachuili M, Jurysek J, Kääpä A, Kambeitz O, Kampert K, Keilhauer B, Kemmerich N, Kemp E, Kemp J, Kieckhafer R, Klages H, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Krause R, Krohm N, Kuempel D, Kukec Mezek G, Kunka N, Kuotb Awad A, Lago B, LaHurd D, Lang R, Lauscher M, Legumina R, Leigui de Oliveira M, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Link K, Lo Presti D, Lopes L, López R, López Casado A, Lorek R, Luce Q, Lucero A, Malacari M, Mallamaci M, Mandat D, Mantsch P, Mariazzi A, Mariş I, Marsella G, Martello D, Martinez H, Martínez Bravo O, Masías Meza J, Mathes H, Mathys S, Matthews J, Matthews J, Matthiae G, Mayotte E, Mazur P, Medina C, Medina-Tanco G, Melo D, Menshikov A, Merenda KD, Michal S, Micheletti M, Middendorf L, Miramonti L, Mitrica B, Mockler D, Mollerach S, Montanet F, Morello C, Mostafá M, Müller A, Müller G, Muller M, Müller S, Mussa R, Naranjo I, Nellen L, Nguyen P, Niculescu-Oglinzanu M, Niechciol M, Niemietz L, Niggemann T, Nitz D, Nosek D, Novotny V, Nožka L, Núñez L, Ochilo L, Oikonomou F, Olinto A, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Papenbreer P, Parente G, Parra A, Paul T, Pech M, Pedreira F, Pękala J, Pelayo R, Peña-Rodriguez J, Pereira L, Perlin M, Perrone L, Peters C, Petrera S, Phuntsok J, Piegaia R, Pierog T, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Plum M, Porowski C, Prado R, Privitera P, Prouza M, Quel E, Querchfeld S, Quinn S, Ramos-Pollan R, Rautenberg J, Ravignani D, Ridky J, Riehn F, Risse M, Ristori P, Rizi V, Rodrigues de Carvalho W, Rodriguez Fernandez G, Rodriguez Rojo J, Rogozin D, Roncoroni M, Roth M, Roulet E, Rovero A, Ruehl P, Saffi S, Saftoiu A, Salamida F, Salazar H, Saleh A, Salesa Greus F, Salina G, Sánchez F, Sanchez-Lucas P, Santos E, Santos E, Sarazin F, Sarmento R, Sarmiento-Cano C, Sato R, Schauer M, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schimp M, Schmidt D, Scholten O, Schovánek P, Schröder F, Schröder S, Schulz A, Schumacher J, Sciutto S, Segreto A, Shadkam A, Shellard R, Sigl G, Silli G, Sima O, Śmiałkowski A, Šmída R, Smith B, Snow G, Sommers P, Sonntag S, Squartini R, Stanca D, Stanič S, Stasielak J, Stassi P, Stolpovskiy M, Strafella F, Streich A, Suarez F, Suarez Durán M, Sudholz T, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky A, Šupík J, Swain J, Szadkowski Z, Taboada A, Taborda O, Theodoro V, Timmermans C, Todero Peixoto C, Tomankova L, Tomé B, Torralba Elipe G, Travnicek P, Trini M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Valdés Galicia J, Valiño I, Valore L, van Aar G, van Bodegom P, van den Berg A, van Vliet A, Varela E, Vargas Cárdenas B, Varner G, Vázquez R, Veberič D, Ventura C, Vergara Quispe I, Verzi V, Vicha J, Villaseñor L, Vorobiov S, Wahlberg H, Wainberg O, Walz D, Watson A, Weber M, Weindl A, Wiencke L, Wilczyński H, Wileman C, Wirtz M, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Yang L, Yushkov A, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zepeda A, Zimmermann B, Ziolkowski M, Zong Z, Zuccarello F. Inferences on mass composition and tests of hadronic interactions from 0.3 to 100 EeV using the water-Cherenkov detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Int J Clin Exp Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.96.122003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Massimiliani V, Pellegrino R, Donnarumma L, Perrone L, Riondino S, Roselli M. Music intervention during chemotherapy infusion reduces anxiety in oncological patients. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx434.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Aab A, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Ahn EJ, Al Samarai I, Albuquerque IFM, Allekotte I, Allen JD, Allison P, Almela A, Alvarez Castillo J, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Ambrosio M, Anastasi GA, Anchordoqui L, Andrada B, Andringa S, Aramo C, Arqueros F, Arsene N, Asorey H, Assis P, Aublin J, Avila G, Badescu AM, Baus C, Beatty JJ, Becker KH, Bellido JA, Berat C, Bertaina ME, Bertou X, Biermann PL, Billoir P, Biteau J, Blaess SG, Blanco A, Blazek J, Bleve C, Blümer H, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Borodai N, Botti AM, Brack J, Brancus I, Bretz T, Bridgeman A, Briechle FL, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Buitink S, Buscemi M, Caballero-Mora KS, Caccianiga B, Caccianiga L, Cancio A, Canfora F, Caramete L, Caruso R, Castellina A, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cester R, Chavez AG, Chiavassa A, Chinellato JA, Chirinos Diaz JC, Chudoba J, Clay RW, Colalillo R, Coleman A, Collica L, Coluccia MR, Conceição R, Contreras F, Cooper MJ, Coutu S, Covault CE, Cronin J, Dallier R, D'Amico S, Daniel B, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, de Almeida RM, de Jong SJ, De Mauro G, de Mello Neto JRT, De Mitri I, de Oliveira J, de Souza V, Debatin J, Del Peral L, Deligny O, Dhital N, Di Giulio C, Di Matteo A, Díaz Castro ML, Diogo F, Dobrigkeit C, D'Olivo JC, Dorofeev A, Dos Anjos RC, Dova MT, Dundovic A, Ebr J, Engel R, Erdmann M, Erfani M, Escobar CO, Espadanal J, Etchegoyen A, Falcke H, Fang K, Farrar GR, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Ferguson AP, Fick B, Figueira JM, Filevich A, Filipčič A, Fratu O, Freire MM, Fujii T, Fuster A, Gallo F, García B, Garcia-Pinto D, Gate F, Gemmeke H, Gherghel-Lascu A, Ghia PL, Giaccari U, Giammarchi M, Giller M, Głas D, Glaser C, Glass H, Golup G, Gómez Berisso M, Gómez Vitale PF, González N, Gookin B, Gordon J, Gorgi A, Gorham P, Gouffon P, Griffith N, Grillo AF, Grubb TD, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Hampel MR, Hansen P, Harari D, Harrison TA, Harton JL, Hasankiadeh Q, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Heimann P, Herve AE, Hill GC, Hojvat C, Hollon N, Holt E, Homola P, Hörandel JR, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Hulsman J, Insolia A, Isar PG, Jandt I, Jansen S, Jarne C, Johnsen JA, Josebachuili M, Kääpä A, Kambeitz O, Kampert KH, Kasper P, Katkov I, Keilhauer B, Kemp E, Kieckhafer RM, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Krause R, Krohm N, Kuempel D, Kukec Mezek G, Kunka N, Kuotb Awad A, LaHurd D, Latronico L, Lauscher M, Lautridou P, Lebrun P, Legumina R, Leigui de Oliveira MA, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Link K, Lopes L, López R, López Casado A, Lucero A, Malacari M, Mallamaci M, Mandat D, Mantsch P, Mariazzi AG, Marin V, Mariş IC, Marsella G, Martello D, Martinez H, Martínez Bravo O, Masías Meza JJ, Mathes HJ, Mathys S, Matthews J, Matthews JAJ, Matthiae G, Maurizio D, Mayotte E, Mazur PO, Medina C, Medina-Tanco G, Mello VBB, Melo D, Menshikov A, Messina S, Micheletti MI, Middendorf L, Minaya IA, Miramonti L, Mitrica B, Molina-Bueno L, Mollerach S, Montanet F, Morello C, Mostafá M, Moura CA, Müller G, Muller MA, Müller S, Naranjo I, Navas S, Necesal P, Nellen L, Nelles A, Neuser J, Nguyen PH, Niculescu-Oglinzanu M, Niechciol M, Niemietz L, Niggemann T, Nitz D, Nosek D, Novotny V, Nožka H, Núñez LA, Ochilo L, Oikonomou F, Olinto A, Pakk Selmi-Dei D, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Papenbreer P, Parente G, Parra A, Paul T, Pech M, Pedreira F, Pękala J, Pelayo R, Peña-Rodriguez J, Pepe IM, Pereira LAS, Perrone L, Petermann E, Peters C, Petrera S, Phuntsok J, Piegaia R, Pierog T, Pieroni P, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Plum M, Porowski C, Prado RR, Privitera P, Prouza M, Quel EJ, Querchfeld S, Quinn S, Rautenberg J, Ravel O, Ravignani D, Revenu B, Ridky J, Risse M, Ristori P, Rizi V, Rodrigues de Carvalho W, Rodriguez Rojo J, Rodríguez-Frías MD, Rogozin D, Rosado J, Roth M, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Saffi SJ, Saftoiu A, Salazar H, Saleh A, Salesa Greus F, Salina G, Sanabria Gomez JD, Sánchez F, Sanchez-Lucas P, Santos EM, Santos E, Sarazin F, Sarkar B, Sarmento R, Sarmiento-Cano C, Sato R, Scarso C, Schauer M, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schmidt D, Scholten O, Schoorlemmer H, Schovánek P, Schröder FG, Schulz A, Schulz J, Schumacher J, Sciutto SJ, Segreto A, Settimo M, Shadkam A, Shellard RC, Sigl G, Sima O, Śmiałkowski A, Šmída R, Snow GR, Sommers P, Sonntag S, Sorokin J, Squartini R, Stanca D, Stanič S, Stapleton J, Stasielak J, Strafella F, Stutz A, Suarez F, Suarez Durán M, Sudholz T, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Sutherland MS, Swain J, Szadkowski Z, Taborda OA, Tapia A, Tepe A, Theodoro VM, Timmermans C, Todero Peixoto CJ, Tomankova L, Tomé B, Tonachini A, Torralba Elipe G, Torres Machado D, Travnicek P, Trini M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Valbuena-Delgado A, Valdés Galicia JF, Valiño I, Valore L, van Aar G, van Bodegom P, van den Berg AM, van Vliet A, Varela E, Vargas Cárdenas B, Varner G, Vázquez JR, Vázquez RA, Veberič D, Verzi V, Vicha J, Videla M, Villaseñor L, Vorobiov S, Wahlberg H, Wainberg O, Walz D, Watson AA, Weber M, Weindl A, Wiencke L, Wilczyński H, Winchen T, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Wykes S, Yang L, Yapici T, Yelos D, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zepeda A, Zimmermann B, Ziolkowski M, Zong Z, Zuccarello F. Testing Hadronic Interactions at Ultrahigh Energies with Air Showers Measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:192001. [PMID: 27858429 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.192001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultrahigh energy cosmic ray air showers probe particle physics at energies beyond the reach of accelerators. Here we introduce a new method to test hadronic interaction models without relying on the absolute energy calibration, and apply it to events with primary energy 6-16 EeV (E_{CM}=110-170 TeV), whose longitudinal development and lateral distribution were simultaneously measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory. The average hadronic shower is 1.33±0.16 (1.61±0.21) times larger than predicted using the leading LHC-tuned models EPOS-LHC (QGSJetII-04), with a corresponding excess of muons.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aab
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Germany
| | - P Abreu
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Portugal
| | - M Aglietta
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Italy
| | - E J Ahn
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - I Al Samarai
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, France
| | | | - I Allekotte
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), Argentina
| | - J D Allen
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - P Allison
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - A Almela
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | - L Anchordoqui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - B Andrada
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - S Andringa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Portugal
| | - C Aramo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Italy
| | - F Arqueros
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - N Arsene
- University of Bucharest, Physics Department, Romania
| | - H Asorey
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), Argentina
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia
| | - P Assis
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Portugal
| | - J Aublin
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, France
| | - G Avila
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - A M Badescu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania
| | - C Baus
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Germany
| | - J J Beatty
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - K H Becker
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | | | - C Berat
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, France
| | - M E Bertaina
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy
| | - X Bertou
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), Argentina
| | - P L Biermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - P Billoir
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, France
| | - J Biteau
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, France
| | | | - A Blanco
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Portugal
| | - J Blazek
- Institute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - C Bleve
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Italy
| | - H Blümer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - M Boháčová
- Institute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - D Boncioli
- INFN Laboratori del Gran Sasso, Italy
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Física, Brazil
| | - C Bonifazi
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Física, Brazil
| | - N Borodai
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Poland
| | - A M Botti
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - J Brack
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - I Brancus
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Romania
| | - T Bretz
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - A Bridgeman
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - F L Briechle
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - P Buchholz
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Germany
| | - A Bueno
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Spain
| | - S Buitink
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - M Buscemi
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - L Caccianiga
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, France
| | - A Cancio
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Canfora
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - R Caruso
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Italy
| | - A Castellina
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Italy
| | | | - L Cazon
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Portugal
| | - R Cester
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy
| | - A G Chavez
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - A Chiavassa
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy
| | | | | | - J Chudoba
- Institute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - R W Clay
- University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - R Colalillo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy
| | - A Coleman
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - M R Coluccia
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Italy
| | - R Conceição
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Portugal
| | - F Contreras
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | | | - S Coutu
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - C E Covault
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - J Cronin
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - R Dallier
- SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, France
- Station de Radioastronomie de Nançay, France
| | - S D'Amico
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Italy
| | - B Daniel
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - S Dasso
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - K Daumiller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | | | | | - S J de Jong
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Netherlands
| | - G De Mauro
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - I De Mitri
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Italy
| | | | - V de Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Inst. de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - J Debatin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | | | - O Deligny
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, France
| | - N Dhital
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - C Di Giulio
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | - A Di Matteo
- INFN, Sezione di L'Aquila, Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Chimica e Fisica, Italy
| | | | - F Diogo
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Portugal
| | - C Dobrigkeit
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - J C D'Olivo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - A Dorofeev
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - R C Dos Anjos
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Brazil
| | - M T Dova
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, Argentina
| | - A Dundovic
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Germany
| | - J Ebr
- Institute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - M Erdmann
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - M Erfani
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Germany
| | - C O Escobar
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - J Espadanal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Portugal
| | - A Etchegoyen
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Falcke
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, Netherlands
| | - K Fang
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - G R Farrar
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - A C Fauth
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - N Fazzini
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - A P Ferguson
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - B Fick
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - J M Figueira
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - A Filevich
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - A Filipčič
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - O Fratu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania
| | - M M Freire
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Argentina
| | - T Fujii
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - A Fuster
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Gallo
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - B García
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM) and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Argentina
| | | | - F Gate
- SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, France
| | - H Gemmeke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik (IPE), Germany
| | - A Gherghel-Lascu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Romania
| | - P L Ghia
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, France
| | - U Giaccari
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Física, Brazil
| | | | | | - D Głas
- University of Łódź, Poland
| | - C Glaser
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - H Glass
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - G Golup
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), Argentina
| | - M Gómez Berisso
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), Argentina
| | - P F Gómez Vitale
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - N González
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - B Gookin
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - J Gordon
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - A Gorgi
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Italy
| | - P Gorham
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - P Gouffon
- Universidade de São Paulo, Inst. de Física, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Griffith
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - F Guarino
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy
| | - G P Guedes
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Brazil
| | - M R Hampel
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - P Hansen
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, Argentina
| | - D Harari
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), Argentina
| | | | - J L Harton
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Q Hasankiadeh
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - T Hebbeker
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - D Heck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - P Heimann
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Germany
| | - A E Herve
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Germany
| | - G C Hill
- University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - C Hojvat
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - N Hollon
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - E Holt
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - P Homola
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Poland
| | - J R Hörandel
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Netherlands
| | - P Horvath
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Czech Republic
| | | | - T Huege
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - J Hulsman
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - A Insolia
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Italy
| | - P G Isar
- Institute of Space Science, Romania
| | - I Jandt
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | - S Jansen
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Netherlands
| | - C Jarne
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, Argentina
| | - J A Johnsen
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - M Josebachuili
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - A Kääpä
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | - O Kambeitz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Germany
| | - K H Kampert
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | - P Kasper
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - I Katkov
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Germany
| | - B Keilhauer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - E Kemp
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - R M Kieckhafer
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - H O Klages
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - M Kleifges
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik (IPE), Germany
| | | | - R Krause
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - N Krohm
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | - D Kuempel
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - G Kukec Mezek
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - N Kunka
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik (IPE), Germany
| | - A Kuotb Awad
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - D LaHurd
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - M Lauscher
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - P Lautridou
- SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, France
| | - P Lebrun
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - A Letessier-Selvon
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, France
| | - I Lhenry-Yvon
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, France
| | - K Link
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Germany
| | - L Lopes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Portugal
| | - R López
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Mexico
| | | | - A Lucero
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - M Mallamaci
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy
| | - D Mandat
- Institute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - P Mantsch
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - A G Mariazzi
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, Argentina
| | - V Marin
- SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, France
| | - I C Mariş
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Spain
| | - G Marsella
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Italy
| | - D Martello
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Italy
| | - H Martinez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Mexico
| | | | - J J Masías Meza
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H J Mathes
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - S Mathys
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | - J Matthews
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - G Matthiae
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | - D Maurizio
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas (CBPF), Brazil
| | - E Mayotte
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - P O Mazur
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - C Medina
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | | | - V B B Mello
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Física, Brazil
| | - D Melo
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - A Menshikov
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik (IPE), Germany
| | - S Messina
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Netherlands
| | - M I Micheletti
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Argentina
| | - L Middendorf
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - I A Minaya
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - L Miramonti
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy
| | - B Mitrica
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Romania
| | | | - S Mollerach
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), Argentina
| | - F Montanet
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, France
| | - C Morello
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Italy
| | - M Mostafá
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - C A Moura
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Brazil
| | - G Müller
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - M A Muller
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
| | - S Müller
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - I Naranjo
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), Argentina
| | - S Navas
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Spain
| | - P Necesal
- Institute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - L Nellen
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - A Nelles
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Netherlands
| | - J Neuser
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | | | | | - M Niechciol
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Germany
| | - L Niemietz
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | - T Niggemann
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - D Nitz
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - D Nosek
- University Prague, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Czech Republic
| | - V Novotny
- University Prague, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Czech Republic
| | - H Nožka
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Czech Republic
| | - L A Núñez
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia
| | - L Ochilo
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Germany
| | - F Oikonomou
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A Olinto
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - M Palatka
- Institute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - J Pallotta
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Argentina
| | - P Papenbreer
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | - G Parente
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Parra
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Mexico
| | - T Paul
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Pech
- Institute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - F Pedreira
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Pękala
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Poland
| | - R Pelayo
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), Mexico
| | | | - I M Pepe
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - L Perrone
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Italy
| | - E Petermann
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - C Peters
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - S Petrera
- INFN, Sezione di L'Aquila, Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Chimica e Fisica, Italy
| | - J Phuntsok
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - R Piegaia
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - T Pierog
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - P Pieroni
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Pimenta
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Portugal
| | - V Pirronello
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Italy
| | - M Platino
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - M Plum
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - C Porowski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Poland
| | - R R Prado
- Universidade de São Paulo, Inst. de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - P Privitera
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - M Prouza
- Institute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - E J Quel
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Argentina
| | - S Querchfeld
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | - S Quinn
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - J Rautenberg
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | - O Ravel
- SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, France
| | - D Ravignani
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - B Revenu
- SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, France
| | - J Ridky
- Institute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - M Risse
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Germany
| | - P Ristori
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Argentina
| | - V Rizi
- INFN, Sezione di L'Aquila, Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Chimica e Fisica, Italy
| | | | | | | | - D Rogozin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - J Rosado
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - M Roth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - E Roulet
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), Argentina
| | - A C Rovero
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Argentina
| | | | - A Saftoiu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Romania
| | - H Salazar
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Mexico
| | - A Saleh
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - F Salesa Greus
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - G Salina
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | | | - F Sánchez
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | | | - E M Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Inst. de Física, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Santos
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - F Sarazin
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - B Sarkar
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | - R Sarmento
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Portugal
| | | | - R Sato
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Argentina
| | - C Scarso
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Argentina
| | - M Schauer
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | - V Scherini
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Italy
| | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - D Schmidt
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - O Scholten
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - P Schovánek
- Institute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - F G Schröder
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - A Schulz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - J Schulz
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - J Schumacher
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - S J Sciutto
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, Argentina
| | - A Segreto
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Italy
- INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo, Italy
| | - M Settimo
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, France
| | - A Shadkam
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - R C Shellard
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas (CBPF), Brazil
| | - G Sigl
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Germany
| | - O Sima
- University of Bucharest, Physics Department, Romania
| | | | - R Šmída
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - G R Snow
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - P Sommers
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - S Sonntag
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Germany
| | | | | | - D Stanca
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Romania
| | - S Stanič
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | | | | | - F Strafella
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Italy
| | - A Stutz
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, France
| | - F Suarez
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - T Suomijärvi
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, France
| | - A D Supanitsky
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Argentina
| | | | - J Swain
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - O A Taborda
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), Argentina
| | - A Tapia
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - A Tepe
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Germany
| | - V M Theodoro
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - C Timmermans
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Netherlands
| | | | - L Tomankova
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - B Tomé
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Portugal
| | - A Tonachini
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy
| | | | - D Torres Machado
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Física, Brazil
| | - P Travnicek
- Institute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - M Trini
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - R Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - M Unger
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - M Urban
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | | | | | - I Valiño
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - L Valore
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy
| | - G van Aar
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - A M van den Berg
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Netherlands
| | - A van Vliet
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - E Varela
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Mexico
| | | | - G Varner
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | | | - R A Vázquez
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Veberič
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - V Verzi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | - J Vicha
- Institute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - M Videla
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - L Villaseñor
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - S Vorobiov
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - H Wahlberg
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, Argentina
| | - O Wainberg
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Walz
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - A A Watson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - M Weber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik (IPE), Germany
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - L Wiencke
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | | | - T Winchen
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | - D Wittkowski
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | - B Wundheiler
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - S Wykes
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - L Yang
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - T Yapici
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - D Yelos
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Zas
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - A Zepeda
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Mexico
| | - B Zimmermann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik (IPE), Germany
| | - M Ziolkowski
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Germany
| | - Z Zong
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, France
| | - F Zuccarello
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Italy
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Aab A, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Ahn EJ, Al Samarai I, Albuquerque IFM, Allekotte I, Allison P, Almela A, Alvarez Castillo J, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Alves Batista R, Ambrosio M, Aminaei A, Anastasi GA, Anchordoqui L, Andringa S, Aramo C, Arqueros F, Arsene N, Asorey H, Assis P, Aublin J, Avila G, Awal N, Badescu AM, Baus C, Beatty JJ, Becker KH, Bellido JA, Berat C, Bertaina ME, Bertou X, Biermann PL, Billoir P, Blaess SG, Blanco A, Blanco M, Blazek J, Bleve C, Blümer H, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Borodai N, Brack J, Brancus I, Bretz T, Bridgeman A, Brogueira P, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Buitink S, Buscemi M, Caballero-Mora KS, Caccianiga B, Caccianiga L, Candusso M, Caramete L, Caruso R, Castellina A, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cester R, Chavez AG, Chiavassa A, Chinellato JA, Chudoba J, Cilmo M, Clay RW, Cocciolo G, Colalillo R, Coleman A, Collica L, Coluccia MR, Conceição R, Contreras F, Cooper MJ, Cordier A, Coutu S, Covault CE, Cronin J, Dallier R, Daniel B, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, de Almeida RM, de Jong SJ, De Mauro G, de Mello Neto JRT, De Mitri I, de Oliveira J, de Souza V, Del Peral L, Deligny O, Dhital N, Di Giulio C, Di Matteo A, Diaz JC, Díaz Castro ML, Diogo F, Dobrigkeit C, Docters W, D'Olivo JC, Dorofeev A, Dorosti Hasankiadeh Q, Dos Anjos RC, Dova MT, Ebr J, Engel R, Erdmann M, Erfani M, Escobar CO, Espadanal J, Etchegoyen A, Falcke H, Fang K, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Ferguson AP, Fick B, Figueira JM, Filevich A, Filipčič A, Fratu O, Freire MM, Fujii T, García B, Garcia-Gamez D, Garcia-Pinto D, Gate F, Gemmeke H, Gherghel-Lascu A, Ghia PL, Giaccari U, Giammarchi M, Giller M, Głas D, Glaser C, Glass H, Golup G, Gómez Berisso M, Gómez Vitale PF, González N, Gookin B, Gordon J, Gorgi A, Gorham P, Gouffon P, Griffith N, Grillo AF, Grubb TD, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Hampel MR, Hansen P, Harari D, Harrison TA, Hartmann S, Harton JL, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Heimann P, Herve AE, Hill GC, Hojvat C, Hollon N, Holt E, Homola P, Hörandel JR, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huber D, Huege T, Insolia A, Isar PG, Jandt I, Jansen S, Jarne C, Johnsen JA, Josebachuili M, Kääpä A, Kambeitz O, Kampert KH, Kasper P, Katkov I, Keilhauer B, Kemp E, Kieckhafer RM, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Krause R, Krohm N, Kuempel D, Kukec Mezek G, Kunka N, Kuotb Awad AW, LaHurd D, Latronico L, Lauer R, Lauscher M, Lautridou P, Le Coz S, Lebrun D, Lebrun P, Leigui de Oliveira MA, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Link K, Lopes L, López R, López Casado A, Louedec K, Lucero A, Malacari M, Mallamaci M, Maller J, Mandat D, Mantsch P, Mariazzi AG, Marin V, Mariş IC, Marsella G, Martello D, Martinez H, Martínez Bravo O, Martraire D, Masías Meza JJ, Mathes HJ, Mathys S, Matthews J, Matthews JAJ, Matthiae G, Maurizio D, Mayotte E, Mazur PO, Medina C, Medina-Tanco G, Meissner R, Mello VBB, Melo D, Menshikov A, Messina S, Micheletti MI, Middendorf L, Minaya IA, Miramonti L, Mitrica B, Molina-Bueno L, Mollerach S, Montanet F, Morello C, Mostafá M, Moura CA, Muller MA, Müller G, Müller S, Navas S, Necesal P, Nellen L, Nelles A, Neuser J, Nguyen PH, Niculescu-Oglinzanu M, Niechciol M, Niemietz L, Niggemann T, Nitz D, Nosek D, Novotny V, Nožka L, Núñez LA, Ochilo L, Oikonomou F, Olinto A, Pacheco N, Pakk Selmi-Dei D, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Papenbreer P, Parente G, Parra A, Paul T, Pech M, Pȩkala J, Pelayo R, Pepe IM, Perrone L, Petermann E, Peters C, Petrera S, Petrov Y, Phuntsok J, Piegaia R, Pierog T, Pieroni P, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Plum M, Porcelli A, Porowski C, Prado RR, Privitera P, Prouza M, Quel EJ, Querchfeld S, Quinn S, Rautenberg J, Ravel O, Ravignani D, Reinert D, Revenu B, Ridky J, Risse M, Ristori P, Rizi V, Rodrigues de Carvalho W, Rodriguez Rojo J, Rodríguez-Frías MD, Rogozin D, Rosado J, Roth M, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Saffi SJ, Saftoiu A, Salazar H, Saleh A, Salesa Greus F, Salina G, Sanabria Gomez JD, Sánchez F, Sanchez-Lucas P, Santos E, Santos EM, Sarazin F, Sarkar B, Sarmento R, Sarmiento-Cano C, Sato R, Scarso C, Schauer M, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schmidt D, Scholten O, Schoorlemmer H, Schovánek P, Schröder FG, Schulz A, Schulz J, Schumacher J, Sciutto SJ, Segreto A, Settimo M, Shadkam A, Shellard RC, Sigl G, Sima O, Śmiałkowski A, Šmída R, Snow GR, Sommers P, Sonntag S, Sorokin J, Squartini R, Srivastava YN, Stanca D, Stanič S, Stapleton J, Stasielak J, Stephan M, Stutz A, Suarez F, Suarez Durán M, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Sutherland MS, Swain J, Szadkowski Z, Taborda OA, Tapia A, Tepe A, Theodoro VM, Timmermans C, Todero Peixoto CJ, Toma G, Tomankova L, Tomé B, Tonachini A, Torralba Elipe G, Torres Machado D, Travnicek P, Trini M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Valdés Galicia JF, Valiño I, Valore L, van Aar G, van Bodegom P, van den Berg AM, van Velzen S, van Vliet A, Varela E, Vargas Cárdenas B, Varner G, Vasquez R, Vázquez JR, Vázquez RA, Veberič D, Verzi V, Vicha J, Videla M, Villaseñor L, Vlcek B, Vorobiov S, Wahlberg H, Wainberg O, Walz D, Watson AA, Weber M, Weidenhaupt K, Weindl A, Welling C, Werner F, Widom A, Wiencke L, Wilczyński H, Winchen T, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Wykes S, Yang L, Yapici T, Yushkov A, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zepeda A, Zimmermann B, Ziolkowski M, Zuccarello F. Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:241101. [PMID: 27367377 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.241101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8±0.7(stat)±6.7(syst) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principles calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aab
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - P Abreu
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Aglietta
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - E J Ahn
- Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - I Al Samarai
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - I F M Albuquerque
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I Allekotte
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P Allison
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - A Almela
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Alvarez Castillo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - J Alvarez-Muñiz
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - R Alves Batista
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Ambrosio
- Università di Napoli "Federico II" and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Aminaei
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - G A Anastasi
- Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - L Anchordoqui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - S Andringa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Aramo
- Università di Napoli "Federico II" and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - F Arqueros
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Arsene
- University of Bucharest, Physics Department, Bucharest, Romania
| | - H Asorey
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - P Assis
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Aublin
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - G Avila
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - N Awal
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - A M Badescu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C Baus
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J J Beatty
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - K H Becker
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J A Bellido
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - C Berat
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - M E Bertaina
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - X Bertou
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P L Biermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - P Billoir
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - S G Blaess
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A Blanco
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Blanco
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - J Blazek
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Bleve
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" dell'Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - H Blümer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Boháčová
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Boncioli
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - C Bonifazi
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - N Borodai
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - J Brack
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - I Brancus
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - T Bretz
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Bridgeman
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Brogueira
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - P Buchholz
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - A Bueno
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - S Buitink
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - M Buscemi
- Università di Napoli "Federico II" and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - B Caccianiga
- Università di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy
| | - L Caccianiga
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - M Candusso
- Università di Roma II "Tor Vergata" and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy
| | - L Caramete
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - R Caruso
- Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - A Castellina
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - G Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" dell'Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - L Cazon
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R Cester
- Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - A G Chavez
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - A Chiavassa
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - J A Chinellato
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Chudoba
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Cilmo
- Università di Napoli "Federico II" and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - R W Clay
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - G Cocciolo
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" dell'Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - R Colalillo
- Università di Napoli "Federico II" and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Coleman
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - L Collica
- Università di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy
| | - M R Coluccia
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" dell'Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - R Conceição
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - F Contreras
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M J Cooper
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A Cordier
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - S Coutu
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - C E Covault
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - J Cronin
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - R Dallier
- SUBATECH, école des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Station de Radioastronomie de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS/INSU, Nançay, France
| | - B Daniel
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Dasso
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Física, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - K Daumiller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B R Dawson
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - R M de Almeida
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - S J de Jong
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G De Mauro
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - J R T de Mello Neto
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - I De Mitri
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" dell'Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - J de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - V de Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Del Peral
- Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - O Deligny
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - N Dhital
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - C Di Giulio
- Università di Roma II "Tor Vergata" and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy
| | - A Di Matteo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche dell'Università dell'Aquila and INFN, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - J C Diaz
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - M L Díaz Castro
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Diogo
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Dobrigkeit
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - W Docters
- KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - J C D'Olivo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - A Dorofeev
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - R C Dos Anjos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M T Dova
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - J Ebr
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Erdmann
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Erfani
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - C O Escobar
- Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Espadanal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Etchegoyen
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Falcke
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands
| | - K Fang
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - G Farrar
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - A C Fauth
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - A P Ferguson
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - B Fick
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - J M Figueira
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Filevich
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Filipčič
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - O Fratu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - M M Freire
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR) - CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - T Fujii
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - B García
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - D Garcia-Gamez
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | | | - F Gate
- SUBATECH, école des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - H Gemmeke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Gherghel-Lascu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - P L Ghia
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - U Giaccari
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Giammarchi
- Università di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy
| | - M Giller
- University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - D Głas
- University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - C Glaser
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - H Glass
- Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - G Golup
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - M Gómez Berisso
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P F Gómez Vitale
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - N González
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B Gookin
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - J Gordon
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - A Gorgi
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - P Gorham
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - P Gouffon
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Griffith
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - A F Grillo
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - T D Grubb
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - F Guarino
- Università di Napoli "Federico II" and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - G P Guedes
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - M R Hampel
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Hansen
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - D Harari
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - T A Harrison
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - S Hartmann
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - J L Harton
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Hebbeker
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Heck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Heimann
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - A E Herve
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G C Hill
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - C Hojvat
- Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - N Hollon
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - E Holt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Homola
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J R Hörandel
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Horvath
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Hrabovský
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - D Huber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Huege
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Insolia
- Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - P G Isar
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - I Jandt
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S Jansen
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C Jarne
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - J A Johnsen
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - M Josebachuili
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Kääpä
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - O Kambeitz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K H Kampert
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - P Kasper
- Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - I Katkov
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B Keilhauer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E Kemp
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R M Kieckhafer
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - H O Klages
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kleifges
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - R Krause
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - N Krohm
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D Kuempel
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - G Kukec Mezek
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - N Kunka
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A W Kuotb Awad
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D LaHurd
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - L Latronico
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - R Lauer
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - M Lauscher
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - P Lautridou
- SUBATECH, école des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - S Le Coz
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - D Lebrun
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - P Lebrun
- Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | | | - A Letessier-Selvon
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - I Lhenry-Yvon
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - K Link
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Lopes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R López
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - A López Casado
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - K Louedec
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - A Lucero
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Malacari
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M Mallamaci
- Università di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy
| | - J Maller
- SUBATECH, école des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - D Mandat
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - A G Mariazzi
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - V Marin
- SUBATECH, école des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - I C Mariş
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - G Marsella
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" dell'Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - D Martello
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" dell'Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - H Martinez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | | | - D Martraire
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - J J Masías Meza
- Departamento de Física, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H J Mathes
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Mathys
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Matthews
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - G Matthiae
- Università di Roma II "Tor Vergata" and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy
| | - D Maurizio
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E Mayotte
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | | | - C Medina
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - G Medina-Tanco
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - R Meissner
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - V B B Mello
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D Melo
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Menshikov
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Messina
- KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - M I Micheletti
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR) - CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - L Middendorf
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - I A Minaya
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Miramonti
- Università di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy
| | - B Mitrica
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | | | - S Mollerach
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - F Montanet
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - C Morello
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - M Mostafá
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - C A Moura
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M A Muller
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - G Müller
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - S Müller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Navas
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - P Necesal
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Nellen
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - A Nelles
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Neuser
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - P H Nguyen
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M Niculescu-Oglinzanu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - M Niechciol
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - L Niemietz
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T Niggemann
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Nitz
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - D Nosek
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Novotny
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Nožka
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - L A Núñez
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - L Ochilo
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - F Oikonomou
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A Olinto
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - N Pacheco
- Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Pakk Selmi-Dei
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Palatka
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Pallotta
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - P Papenbreer
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G Parente
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Parra
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - T Paul
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Pech
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Pȩkala
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - R Pelayo
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA- IPN), México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - I M Pepe
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - L Perrone
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" dell'Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - E Petermann
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - C Peters
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - S Petrera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche dell'Università dell'Aquila and INFN, L'Aquila, Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (INFN), L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Y Petrov
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - J Phuntsok
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - R Piegaia
- Departamento de Física, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - T Pierog
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Pieroni
- Departamento de Física, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Pimenta
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - V Pirronello
- Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - M Platino
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Plum
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Porcelli
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Porowski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - R R Prado
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P Privitera
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - M Prouza
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E J Quel
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - S Querchfeld
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S Quinn
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - J Rautenberg
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - O Ravel
- SUBATECH, école des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - D Ravignani
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Reinert
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - B Revenu
- SUBATECH, école des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - J Ridky
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Risse
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - P Ristori
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - V Rizi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche dell'Università dell'Aquila and INFN, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | | | | | - D Rogozin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Rosado
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Roth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E Roulet
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A C Rovero
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S J Saffi
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A Saftoiu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - H Salazar
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - A Saleh
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - F Salesa Greus
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - G Salina
- Università di Roma II "Tor Vergata" and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Sánchez
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - E Santos
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E M Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Sarazin
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - B Sarkar
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R Sarmento
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - R Sato
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - C Scarso
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M Schauer
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - V Scherini
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" dell'Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Schmidt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Scholten
- KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - P Schovánek
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F G Schröder
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Schulz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Schulz
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - J Schumacher
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - S J Sciutto
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - A Segreto
- Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
| | - M Settimo
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - A Shadkam
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - R C Shellard
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G Sigl
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - O Sima
- University of Bucharest, Physics Department, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - R Šmída
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G R Snow
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - P Sommers
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - S Sonntag
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - J Sorokin
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - R Squartini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | | | - D Stanca
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - S Stanič
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | | | - J Stasielak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Stephan
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Stutz
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - F Suarez
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Suarez Durán
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - T Suomijärvi
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - A D Supanitsky
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - J Swain
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - O A Taborda
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A Tapia
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Tepe
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - V M Theodoro
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Timmermans
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C J Todero Peixoto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Toma
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - L Tomankova
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B Tomé
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Tonachini
- Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - G Torralba Elipe
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Torres Machado
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P Travnicek
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Trini
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - R Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Unger
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Urban
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - J F Valdés Galicia
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - I Valiño
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - L Valore
- Università di Napoli "Federico II" and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - G van Aar
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - P van Bodegom
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A M van den Berg
- KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - S van Velzen
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - A van Vliet
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - E Varela
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - B Vargas Cárdenas
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - G Varner
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - R Vasquez
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J R Vázquez
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - R A Vázquez
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Veberič
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - V Verzi
- Università di Roma II "Tor Vergata" and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy
| | - J Vicha
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Videla
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Villaseñor
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - B Vlcek
- Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Vorobiov
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - H Wahlberg
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - O Wainberg
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Walz
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - A A Watson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - M Weber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Weidenhaupt
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Welling
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Werner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Widom
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - L Wiencke
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - H Wilczyński
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - T Winchen
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D Wittkowski
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Wundheiler
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Wykes
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - L Yang
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - T Yapici
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - A Yushkov
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - E Zas
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - A Zepeda
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - B Zimmermann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Ziolkowski
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - F Zuccarello
- Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
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Grandone A, Torella A, Santoro C, Giugliano T, Del Vecchio Blanco F, Mutarelli M, Cirillo M, Cirillo G, Piluso G, Capristo C, Festa A, Marzuillo P, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Perrone L, Nigro V. Expanding the phenotype of RTTN variations: a new family with primary microcephaly, severe growth failure, brain malformations and dermatitis. Clin Genet 2016; 90:445-450. [PMID: 26940245 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Primary autosomal recessive microcephaly (MCPH) is a developmental disorder characterized by prenatal onset of abnormal brain growth. MCPH occurs both alone and as part of a broad range of neurodevelopmental syndromes with or without cortical malformations and growth retardation. Here we report a consanguineous Moroccan family with two siblings affected by severe primary microcephaly, failure to thrive, congenital dermatitis and severe developmental delay. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed lissencephaly of frontal lobes and periventricular heterotopia of the gray matter. We performed both Comparative Genomic Hybridization array and whole exome sequencing (WES) analyses of the kindred. No quantitative defects were detected. However, WES identified a new homozygous missense variation in the penultimate nucleotide of exon 23 of RTTN gene (c.2953A>G;pArg985Gly). cDNA sequencing revealed two abnormal spliced products, one lacking only exon 23 and the other lacking exons 22 and 23 (out-of-frame). RTTN is a protein involved in cilia structure and function. Homozygous mutations in RTTN gene have been described in bilateral diffuse isolated polymicrogyria and, more recently, in microcephalic primordial dwarfism (PD). We found a novel homozygous mutation in RTTN associated with microcephalic PD as well as complex brain malformations and congenital dermatitis, thus expanding the phenotypic spectrum of both RTTN-associated diseases and ciliary dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grandone
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino, di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - A Torella
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - C Santoro
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino, di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - T Giugliano
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - F Del Vecchio Blanco
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - M Mutarelli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - M Cirillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche, Neurologiche, Metaboliche e dell'Invecchiamento, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - G Cirillo
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino, di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - G Piluso
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - C Capristo
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino, di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - A Festa
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino, di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - P Marzuillo
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino, di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - E Miraglia Del Giudice
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino, di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - L Perrone
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino, di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - V Nigro
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Naples, Italy. , .,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (NA), Italy. ,
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16
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Grandone A, Cozzolino D, Marzuillo P, Cirillo G, Di Sessa A, Ruggiero L, Di Palma MR, Perrone L, Miraglia Del Giudice E. TM6SF2 Glu167Lys polymorphism is associated with low levels of LDL-cholesterol and increased liver injury in obese children. Pediatr Obes 2016; 11:115-9. [PMID: 25893821 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Glu167Lys (E167K) transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) variant has been associated with liver steatosis, high alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and reduced plasma levels of liver-derived triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to investigate in a group of obese children the association among the 167K allele of TM6SF2 gene and ALT, cholesterol and triglycerides levels, and hepatic steatosis, and to evaluate the potential interaction between this variant and the I148M patatin like phospholipase 3 gene (PNPLA3) polymorphism on liver enzymes. METHODS We genotyped 1010 obese children for TM6SF2 E167K and PNPLA3 I148M polymorphisms. Anthropometrical and biochemical data were collected. Ultrasound imaging of the liver was performed. RESULTS The 167K allele showed an association with steatosis (P < 0.0001), higher ALT levels (P < 0.001) and lower total cholesterol (P < 0.00001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.0001), triglycerides (P = 0.02) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P < 0.000001). The subjects homozygous for the PNPLA3 148M allele carrying the rare variant of TM6SF2 showed an odds ratio of 12.2 (confidence interval 3.8-39.6, P = 0.000001) to present hypertransaminasaemia compared with the remaining patients. CONCLUSION Although the TMS6SF2 E167K variant predisposes the obese children to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, there is an association between this variant and lower levels of cardiovascular risk factors. Overall, the data suggest differential effects of TMS6SF2 E167K variant on liver and heart health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grandone
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Seconda Univesità degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - D Cozzolino
- Division of Internal Medicine, Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - P Marzuillo
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Seconda Univesità degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - G Cirillo
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Seconda Univesità degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Di Sessa
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Seconda Univesità degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - L Ruggiero
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Seconda Univesità degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - M R Di Palma
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Seconda Univesità degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - L Perrone
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Seconda Univesità degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - E Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Seconda Univesità degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
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Alvarez-Muñiz J, Blanco M, Boháčová M, Buonomo B, Cataldi G, Coluccia M, Creti P, De Mitri I, Di Giulio C, Facal San Luis P, Foggetta L, Gaïor R, Garcia-Fernandez D, Iarlori M, Le Coz S, Letessier-Selvon A, Louedec K, Maris I, Martello D, Mazzitelli G, Monasor M, Perrone L, Petrera S, Privitera P, Rizi V, Rodriguez Fernandez G, Salamida F, Salina G, Settimo M, Valente P, Vazquez J, Verzi V, Williams C. The AMY experiment: Microwave emission from air shower plasmas. EPJ Web of Conferences 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201612103010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ricciuti B, Metro G, Ferolla P, Chiari R, Paglialunga L, Perrone L, Currà M, Giannarelli D, Bennati C, Minotti V, Sidoni A, Bellavita R, Crinò L. Clinical outcome of platinum/etoposide treated large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung according to the type of radiotherapy received: a single institution analysis. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv343.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Aab A, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Ahn EJ, Samarai IA, Albuquerque IFM, Allekotte I, Allen J, Allison P, Almela A, Castillo JA, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Batista RA, Ambrosio M, Aminaei A, Anchordoqui L, Andringa S, Aramo C, Aranda VM, Arqueros F, Asorey H, Assis P, Aublin J, Ave M, Avenier M, Avila G, Awal N, Badescu AM, Barber KB, Bäuml J, Baus C, Beatty JJ, Becker KH, Bellido JA, Berat C, Bertaina ME, Bertou X, Biermann PL, Billoir P, Blaess S, Blanco M, Bleve C, Blümer H, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Bonino R, Borodai N, Brack J, Brancus I, Bridgeman A, Brogueira P, Brown WC, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Buitink S, Buscemi M, Caballero-Mora KS, Caccianiga B, Caccianiga L, Candusso M, Caramete L, Caruso R, Castellina A, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cester R, Chavez AG, Chiavassa A, Chinellato JA, Chudoba J, Cilmo M, Clay RW, Cocciolo G, Colalillo R, Coleman A, Collica L, Coluccia MR, Conceição R, Contreras F, Cooper MJ, Cordier A, Coutu S, Covault CE, Cronin J, Curutiu A, Dallier R, Daniel B, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, Almeida RMD, Domenico MD, Jong SJD, Neto JRTDM, Mitri ID, Oliveira JD, Souza VD, Peral LD, Deligny O, Dembinski H, Dhital N, Giulio CD, Matteo AD, Diaz JC, Castro MLD, Diogo F, Dobrigkeit C, Docters W, D’Olivo JC, Dorofeev A, Hasankiadeh QD, Dova MT, Ebr J, Engel R, Erdmann M, Erfani M, Escobar CO, Espadanal J, Etchegoyen A, Luis PFS, Falcke H, Fang K, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Ferguson AP, Fernandes M, Fick B, Figueira JM, Filevich A, Filipčič A, Fox BD, Fratu O, Fröhlich U, Fuchs B, Fujii T, Gaior R, García B, Roca STG, Garcia-Gamez D, Garcia-Pinto D, Garilli G, Bravo AG, Gate F, Gemmeke H, Ghia PL, Giaccari U, Giammarchi M, Giller M, Glaser C, Glass H, Berisso MG, Vitale PFG, Gonçalves P, Gonzalez JG, González N, Gookin B, Gordon J, Gorgi A, Gorham P, Gouffon P, Grebe S, Griffith N, Grillo AF, Grubb TD, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Hampel MR, Hansen P, Harari D, Harrison TA, Hartmann S, Harton JL, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Heimann P, Herve AE, Hill GC, Hojvat C, Hollon N, Holt E, Homola P, Hörandel JR, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huber D, Huege T, Insolia A, Isar PG, Jandt I, Jansen S, Jarne C, Josebachuili M, Kääpä A, Kambeitz O, Kampert KH, Kasper P, Katkov I, Kégl B, Keilhauer B, Keivani A, Kemp E, Kieckhafer RM, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Krause R, Krohm N, Krömer O, Kruppke-Hansen D, Kuempel D, Kunka N, LaHurd D, Latronico L, Lauer R, Lauscher M, Lautridou P, Coz SL, Leão MSAB, Lebrun D, Lebrun P, Oliveira MALD, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Link K, López R, Agüera AL, Louedec K, Bahilo JL, Lu L, Lucero A, Ludwig M, Malacari M, Maldera S, Mallamaci M, Maller J, Mandat D, Mantsch P, Mariazzi AG, Marin V, Mariş IC, Marsella G, Martello D, Martin L, Martinez H, Bravo OM, Martraire D, Meza JJM, Mathes HJ, Mathys S, Matthews J, Matthews JAJ, Matthiae G, Maurel D, Maurizio D, Mayotte E, Mazur PO, Medina C, Medina-Tanco G, Meissner R, Melissas M, Melo D, Menshikov A, Messina S, Meyhandan R, Mićanović S, Micheletti MI, Middendorf L, Minaya IA, Miramonti L, Mitrica B, Molina-Bueno L, Mollerach S, Monasor M, Ragaigne DM, Montanet F, Morello C, Mostafá M, Moura CA, Muller MA, Müller G, Müller S, Münchmeyer M, Mussa R, Navarra G, Navas S, Necesal P, Nellen L, Nelles A, Neuser J, Nguyen P, Niechciol M, Niemietz L, Niggemann T, Nitz D, Nosek D, Novotny V, Nožka L, Ochilo L, Olinto A, Oliveira M, Pacheco N, Selmi-Dei DP, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Palmieri N, Papenbreer P, Parente G, Parra A, Paul T, Pech M, Pȩkala J, Pelayo R, Pepe IM, Perrone L, Petermann E, Peters C, Petrera S, Petrov Y, Phuntsok J, Piegaia R, Pierog T, Pieroni P, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Plum M, Porcelli A, Porowski C, Prado RR, Privitera P, Prouza M, Purrello V, Quel EJ, Querchfeld S, Quinn S, Rautenberg J, Ravel O, Ravignani D, Revenu B, Ridky J, Riggi S, Risse M, Ristori P, Rizi V, Carvalho WRD, Cabo IR, Fernandez GR, Rojo JR, Rodríguez-Frías MD, Rogozin D, Ros G, Rosado J, Rossler T, Roth M, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Saffi SJ, Saftoiu A, Salamida F, Salazar H, Saleh A, Greus FS, Salina G, Sánchez F, Sanchez-Lucas P, Santo CE, Santos E, Santos EM, Sarazin F, Sarkar B, Sarmento R, Sato R, Scharf N, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schiffer P, Schmidt D, Schröder FG, Scholten O, Schoorlemmer H, Schovánek P, Schulz A, Schulz J, Schumacher J, Sciutto SJ, Segreto A, Settimo M, Shadkam A, Shellard RC, Sidelnik I, Sigl G, Sima O, kowski AŚ, Šmída R, Snow GR, Sommers P, Sorokin J, Squartini R, Srivastava YN, Stanič S, Stapleton J, Stasielak J, Stephan M, Stutz A, Suarez F, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Sutherland MS, Swain J, Szadkowski Z, Szuba M, Taborda OA, Tapia A, Tartare M, Tepe A, Theodoro VM, Timmermans C, Peixoto CJT, Toma G, Tomankova L, Tomé B, Tonachini A, Elipe GT, Machado DT, Travnicek P, Trovato E, Tueros M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Galicia JFV, Valiño I, Valore L, Aar GV, Bodegom PV, Berg AMVD, Velzen SV, Vliet AV, Varela E, Vargas Cárdenas B, Varner G, Vázquez JR, Vázquez RA, Veberič D, Verzi V, Vicha J, Videla M, Villaseñor L, Vlcek B, Vorobiov S, Wahlberg H, Wainberg O, Walz D, Watson AA, Weber M, Weidenhaupt K, Weindl A, Werner F, Widom A, Wiencke L, Wilczyńska B, Wilczyński H, Will M, Williams C, Winchen T, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Wykes S, Yamamoto T, Yapici T, Yuan G, Yushkov A, Zamorano B, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zaw I, Zepeda A, Zhou J, Zhu Y, Silva MZ, Ziolkowski M, Zuccarello F. Search for patterns by combining cosmic-ray energy and arrival directions at the Pierre Auger Observatory. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2015; 75:269. [PMID: 26120280 PMCID: PMC4477714 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Energy-dependent patterns in the arrival directions of cosmic rays are searched for using data of the Pierre Auger Observatory. We investigate local regions around the highest-energy cosmic rays with [Formula: see text] eV by analyzing cosmic rays with energies above [Formula: see text] eV arriving within an angular separation of approximately 15[Formula: see text]. We characterize the energy distributions inside these regions by two independent methods, one searching for angular dependence of energy-energy correlations and one searching for collimation of energy along the local system of principal axes of the energy distribution. No significant patterns are found with this analysis. The comparison of these measurements with astrophysical scenarios can therefore be used to obtain constraints on related model parameters such as strength of cosmic-ray deflection and density of point sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Aab
- />Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - P. Abreu
- />Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M. Aglietta
- />Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | | | - I. Al Samarai
- />Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | | | - I. Allekotte
- />Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - J. Allen
- />New York University, New York, NY USA
| | - P. Allison
- />Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - A. Almela
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- />Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - J. Alvarez-Muñiz
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - M. Ambrosio
- />Università di Napoli “Federico II” and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - A. Aminaei
- />IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - L. Anchordoqui
- />Department of Physics and Astronomy, City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - S. Andringa
- />Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C. Aramo
- />Università di Napoli “Federico II” and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - V. M. Aranda
- />Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Arqueros
- />Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - H. Asorey
- />Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P. Assis
- />Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J. Aublin
- />Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - M. Ave
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M. Avenier
- />Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - G. Avila
- />Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - N. Awal
- />New York University, New York, NY USA
| | - A. M. Badescu
- />University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - K. B. Barber
- />University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - J. Bäuml
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle, Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C. Baus
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle, Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - K. H. Becker
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - C. Berat
- />Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - M. E. Bertaina
- />Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - X. Bertou
- />Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P. L. Biermann
- />Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - P. Billoir
- />Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - S. Blaess
- />University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - M. Blanco
- />Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - C. Bleve
- />Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi” dell’Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - H. Blümer
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle, Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M. Boháčová
- />Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D. Boncioli
- />INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi, L’Aquila Italy
| | - C. Bonifazi
- />Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - R. Bonino
- />Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - N. Borodai
- />Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - J. Brack
- />Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - I. Brancus
- />’Horia Hulubei’ National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - A. Bridgeman
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P. Brogueira
- />Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - A. Bueno
- />Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - S. Buitink
- />IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - M. Buscemi
- />Università di Napoli “Federico II” and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - K. S. Caballero-Mora
- />Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Mexico, Mexico
| | - B. Caccianiga
- />Università di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy
| | - L. Caccianiga
- />Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - M. Candusso
- />Università di Roma II “Tor Vergata” and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy
| | - L. Caramete
- />Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - R. Caruso
- />Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - A. Castellina
- />Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - G. Cataldi
- />Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi” dell’Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - L. Cazon
- />Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R. Cester
- />Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - A. G. Chavez
- />Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacan Mexico
| | - A. Chiavassa
- />Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | | | - J. Chudoba
- />Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Cilmo
- />Università di Napoli “Federico II” and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - R. W. Clay
- />University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - G. Cocciolo
- />Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi” dell’Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - R. Colalillo
- />Università di Napoli “Federico II” and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - A. Coleman
- />Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - L. Collica
- />Università di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy
| | - M. R. Coluccia
- />Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi” dell’Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - R. Conceição
- />Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - F. Contreras
- />Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M. J. Cooper
- />University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - A. Cordier
- />Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - S. Coutu
- />Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - C. E. Covault
- />Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - J. Cronin
- />Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - A. Curutiu
- />Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - R. Dallier
- />Station de Radioastronomie de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS/INSU, Nançay, France
- />SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - B. Daniel
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - S. Dasso
- />Departamento de Física, FCEyN Universidad de Buenos Aires y CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- />Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - K. Daumiller
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B. R. Dawson
- />University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - R. M. de Almeida
- />Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ Brazil
| | - M. De Domenico
- />Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - S. J. de Jong
- />IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- />Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J. R. T. de Mello Neto
- />Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - I. De Mitri
- />Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi” dell’Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - J. de Oliveira
- />Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ Brazil
| | - V. de Souza
- />Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - L. del Peral
- />Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid Spain
| | - O. Deligny
- />Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - H. Dembinski
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N. Dhital
- />Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI USA
| | - C. Di Giulio
- />Università di Roma II “Tor Vergata” and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy
| | - A. Di Matteo
- />Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche dell’Università dell’Aquila and INFN, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - J. C. Diaz
- />Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI USA
| | | | - F. Diogo
- />Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C. Dobrigkeit
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - W. Docters
- />KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - J. C. D’Olivo
- />Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - A. Dorofeev
- />Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Q. Dorosti Hasankiadeh
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M. T. Dova
- />IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - J. Ebr
- />Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R. Engel
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M. Erdmann
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - M. Erfani
- />Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - C. O. Escobar
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP Brazil
- />Fermilab, Batavia, IL USA
| | - J. Espadanal
- />Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A. Etchegoyen
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- />Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - H. Falcke
- />IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- />Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- />ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands
| | - K. Fang
- />Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - G. Farrar
- />New York University, New York, NY USA
| | - A. C. Fauth
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | | | | | - M. Fernandes
- />Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - B. Fick
- />Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI USA
| | - J. M. Figueira
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A. Filevich
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A. Filipčič
- />Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- />Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - B. D. Fox
- />University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - O. Fratu
- />University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - B. Fuchs
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle, Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T. Fujii
- />Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - R. Gaior
- />Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - B. García
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM) and National Technological University, Faculty Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - S. T. Garcia Roca
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D. Garcia-Gamez
- />Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | | | - G. Garilli
- />Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | | | - F. Gate
- />SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - H. Gemmeke
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P. L. Ghia
- />Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - U. Giaccari
- />Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - M. Giammarchi
- />Università di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy
| | | | - C. Glaser
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - M. Gómez Berisso
- />Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P. F. Gómez Vitale
- />Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - P. Gonçalves
- />Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J. G. Gonzalez
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle, Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N. González
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B. Gookin
- />Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - J. Gordon
- />Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - A. Gorgi
- />Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - P. Gorham
- />University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - P. Gouffon
- />Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - S. Grebe
- />IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- />Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - A. F. Grillo
- />INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi, L’Aquila Italy
| | - T. D. Grubb
- />University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - F. Guarino
- />Università di Napoli “Federico II” and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - G. P. Guedes
- />Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - M. R. Hampel
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P. Hansen
- />IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - D. Harari
- />Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | | | - S. Hartmann
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - J. L. Harton
- />Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - A. Haungs
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T. Hebbeker
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - D. Heck
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - A. E. Herve
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G. C. Hill
- />University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | | | - N. Hollon
- />Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - E. Holt
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P. Homola
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J. R. Hörandel
- />IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- />Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P. Horvath
- />Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M. Hrabovský
- />Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- />Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - D. Huber
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle, Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T. Huege
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A. Insolia
- />Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - P. G. Isar
- />Institute of Space Sciences, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - I. Jandt
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S. Jansen
- />IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- />Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C. Jarne
- />IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M. Josebachuili
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A. Kääpä
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - O. Kambeitz
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle, Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K. H. Kampert
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - I. Katkov
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle, Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B. Kégl
- />Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - B. Keilhauer
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A. Keivani
- />Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - E. Kemp
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | | | - H. O. Klages
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M. Kleifges
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - R. Krause
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - N. Krohm
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - O. Krömer
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - D. Kuempel
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - N. Kunka
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D. LaHurd
- />Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - L. Latronico
- />Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - R. Lauer
- />University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - M. Lauscher
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - P. Lautridou
- />SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - S. Le Coz
- />Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - M. S. A. B. Leão
- />Faculdade Independente do Nordeste, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - D. Lebrun
- />Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - A. Letessier-Selvon
- />Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - I. Lhenry-Yvon
- />Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - K. Link
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle, Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R. López
- />Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - A. Lopez Agüera
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - K. Louedec
- />Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | | | - L. Lu
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A. Lucero
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. Ludwig
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle, Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M. Malacari
- />University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - S. Maldera
- />Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - M. Mallamaci
- />Università di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy
| | - J. Maller
- />SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - D. Mandat
- />Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - A. G. Mariazzi
- />IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - V. Marin
- />SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - I. C. Mariş
- />Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - G. Marsella
- />Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi” dell’Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - D. Martello
- />Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi” dell’Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - L. Martin
- />Station de Radioastronomie de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS/INSU, Nançay, France
- />SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - H. Martinez
- />Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - D. Martraire
- />Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - J. J. Masías Meza
- />Departamento de Física, FCEyN Universidad de Buenos Aires y CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H. J. Mathes
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S. Mathys
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J. Matthews
- />Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | | | - G. Matthiae
- />Università di Roma II “Tor Vergata” and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy
| | - D. Maurel
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle, Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D. Maurizio
- />Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - E. Mayotte
- />Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO USA
| | | | - C. Medina
- />Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO USA
| | - G. Medina-Tanco
- />Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - R. Meissner
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - M. Melissas
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle, Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D. Melo
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A. Menshikov
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S. Messina
- />KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - S. Mićanović
- />Rudjer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M. I. Micheletti
- />Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR), CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - L. Middendorf
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - I. A. Minaya
- />Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L. Miramonti
- />Università di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy
| | - B. Mitrica
- />’Horia Hulubei’ National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | | | - S. Mollerach
- />Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - M. Monasor
- />Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - D. Monnier Ragaigne
- />Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - F. Montanet
- />Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - C. Morello
- />Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - M. Mostafá
- />Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - C. A. Moura
- />Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP Brazil
| | - M. A. Muller
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP Brazil
- />Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - G. Müller
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - S. Müller
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M. Münchmeyer
- />Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - R. Mussa
- />Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - G. Navarra
- />Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - S. Navas
- />Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - P. Necesal
- />Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L. Nellen
- />Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - A. Nelles
- />IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- />Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J. Neuser
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - P. Nguyen
- />University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | | | - L. Niemietz
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T. Niggemann
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - D. Nitz
- />Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI USA
| | - D. Nosek
- />Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V. Novotny
- />Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L. Nožka
- />Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - L. Ochilo
- />Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - A. Olinto
- />Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - M. Oliveira
- />Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - N. Pacheco
- />Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid Spain
| | | | - M. Palatka
- />Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J. Pallotta
- />Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N. Palmieri
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle, Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P. Papenbreer
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G. Parente
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A. Parra
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - T. Paul
- />Department of Physics and Astronomy, City University of New York, New York, USA
- />Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
| | - M. Pech
- />Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J. Pȩkala
- />Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - R. Pelayo
- />Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - I. M. Pepe
- />Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA Brazil
| | - L. Perrone
- />Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi” dell’Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - C. Peters
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - S. Petrera
- />Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche dell’Università dell’Aquila and INFN, L’Aquila, Italy
- />Gran Sasso Science Institute (INFN), L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Y. Petrov
- />Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - J. Phuntsok
- />Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - R. Piegaia
- />Departamento de Física, FCEyN Universidad de Buenos Aires y CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - T. Pierog
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P. Pieroni
- />Departamento de Física, FCEyN Universidad de Buenos Aires y CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. Pimenta
- />Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - V. Pirronello
- />Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - M. Platino
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. Plum
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - A. Porcelli
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C. Porowski
- />Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - R. R. Prado
- />Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - P. Privitera
- />Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - M. Prouza
- />Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V. Purrello
- />Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - E. J. Quel
- />Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S. Querchfeld
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S. Quinn
- />Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - J. Rautenberg
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - O. Ravel
- />SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - D. Ravignani
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B. Revenu
- />SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - J. Ridky
- />Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S. Riggi
- />Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M. Risse
- />Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - P. Ristori
- />Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V. Rizi
- />Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche dell’Università dell’Aquila and INFN, L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | - I. Rodriguez Cabo
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - G. Rodriguez Fernandez
- />Università di Roma II “Tor Vergata” and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - D. Rogozin
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G. Ros
- />Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid Spain
| | - J. Rosado
- />Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - T. Rossler
- />Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M. Roth
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E. Roulet
- />Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A. C. Rovero
- />Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S. J. Saffi
- />University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - A. Saftoiu
- />’Horia Hulubei’ National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - F. Salamida
- />Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - H. Salazar
- />Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - A. Saleh
- />Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | | | - G. Salina
- />Università di Roma II “Tor Vergata” and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy
| | - F. Sánchez
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - C. E. Santo
- />Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - E. Santos
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - E. M. Santos
- />Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - F. Sarazin
- />Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO USA
| | - B. Sarkar
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R. Sarmento
- />Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R. Sato
- />Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - N. Scharf
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - V. Scherini
- />Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi” dell’Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - H. Schieler
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - D. Schmidt
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F. G. Schröder
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O. Scholten
- />KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - H. Schoorlemmer
- />IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- />Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- />University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - P. Schovánek
- />Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A. Schulz
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J. Schulz
- />IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - J. Schumacher
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - S. J. Sciutto
- />IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - A. Segreto
- />Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
| | - M. Settimo
- />Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - A. Shadkam
- />Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - R. C. Shellard
- />Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - I. Sidelnik
- />Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - G. Sigl
- />Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - O. Sima
- />Physics Department, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - R. Šmída
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G. R. Snow
- />University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - P. Sommers
- />Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - J. Sorokin
- />University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - R. Squartini
- />Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | | | - S. Stanič
- />Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | | | - J. Stasielak
- />Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - M. Stephan
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - A. Stutz
- />Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - F. Suarez
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - T. Suomijärvi
- />Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - A. D. Supanitsky
- />Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - J. Swain
- />Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
| | | | - M. Szuba
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O. A. Taborda
- />Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A. Tapia
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. Tartare
- />Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - A. Tepe
- />Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - V. M. Theodoro
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - C. Timmermans
- />IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- />Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - G. Toma
- />’Horia Hulubei’ National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - L. Tomankova
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B. Tomé
- />Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A. Tonachini
- />Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - G. Torralba Elipe
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D. Torres Machado
- />Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - P. Travnicek
- />Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E. Trovato
- />Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - M. Tueros
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - R. Ulrich
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M. Unger
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M. Urban
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - I. Valiño
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - L. Valore
- />Università di Napoli “Federico II” and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - G. van Aar
- />IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - A. M. van den Berg
- />KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - S. van Velzen
- />IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - E. Varela
- />Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - G. Varner
- />University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI USA
| | | | - R. A. Vázquez
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D. Veberič
- />Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - V. Verzi
- />Università di Roma II “Tor Vergata” and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy
| | - J. Vicha
- />Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Videla
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L. Villaseñor
- />Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacan Mexico
| | - B. Vlcek
- />Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid Spain
| | - S. Vorobiov
- />Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - H. Wahlberg
- />IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - O. Wainberg
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- />Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D. Walz
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - A. A. Watson
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - M. Weber
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K. Weidenhaupt
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - A. Weindl
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F. Werner
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle, Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A. Widom
- />Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
| | - L. Wiencke
- />Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO USA
| | | | | | - M. Will
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C. Williams
- />Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - T. Winchen
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D. Wittkowski
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B. Wundheiler
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S. Wykes
- />IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - T. Yamamoto
- />Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - T. Yapici
- />Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI USA
| | - G. Yuan
- />Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | | | - B. Zamorano
- />Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - E. Zas
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D. Zavrtanik
- />Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- />Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M. Zavrtanik
- />Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- />Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - I. Zaw
- />New York University, New York, NY USA
| | - A. Zepeda
- />Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Mexico, Mexico
| | - J. Zhou
- />Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Y. Zhu
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | | - F. Zuccarello
- />Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
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Bartoli B, Bernardini P, Bi XJ, Branchini P, Budano A, Camarri P, Cao Z, Cardarelli R, Catalanotti S, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Creti P, Cui SW, Dai BZ, D’Amone A, Danzengluobu, De Mitri I, D’Ettorre Piazzoli B, Girolamo TD, Sciascio GD, Feng CF, Feng Z, Feng Z, Gou QB, Guo YQ, He HH, Hu H, Hu H, Iacovacci M, Iuppa R, Jia HY, Labaciren, Li HJ, Liguori G, Liu C, Liu J, Liu MY, Lu H, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mancarella G, Mari SM, Marsella G, Martello D, Mastroianni S, Montini P, Ning CC, Panareo M, Perrone L, Pistilli P, Ruggieri F, Salvini P, Santonico R, Shen PR, Sheng XD, Shi F, Surdo A, Tan YH, Vallania P, Vernetto S, Vigorito C, Wang H, Wu CY, Wu HR, Xue L, Yang QY, Yang XC, Yao ZG, Yuan AF, Zha M, Zhang HM, Zhang L, Zhang XY, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou XX, Zhu FR, Zhu QQ, Zizzi G. STUDY OF THE DIFFUSE GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM THE GALACTIC PLANE WITH ARGO-YBJ. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/806/1/20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bellini G, Olivieri AN, Grandone A, Alessio M, Gicchino MF, Nobili B, Perrone L, Maione S, Miraglia del Giudice E, Rossi F. Association between cannabinoid receptor type 2 Q63R variant and oligo/polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2015; 44:284-7. [DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2015.1020863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Aab A, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Ahn E, Al Samarai I, Albuquerque I, Allekotte I, Allen J, Allison P, Almela A, Alvarez Castillo J, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Alves Batista R, Ambrosio M, Aminaei A, Anchordoqui L, Andringa S, Aramo C, Aranda V, Arqueros F, Asorey H, Assis P, Aublin J, Ave M, Avenier M, Avila G, Badescu A, Barber K, Bäuml J, Baus C, Beatty J, Becker K, Bellido J, Berat C, Bertaina M, Bertou X, Biermann P, Billoir P, Blanco M, Bleve C, Blümer H, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Bonino R, Borodai N, Brack J, Brancus I, Brogueira P, Brown W, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Buitink S, Buscemi M, Caballero-Mora K, Caccianiga B, Caccianiga L, Candusso M, Caramete L, Caruso R, Castellina A, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cester R, Chavez A, Chiavassa A, Chinellato J, Chudoba J, Cilmo M, Clay R, Cocciolo G, Colalillo R, Coleman A, Collica L, Coluccia M, Conceição R, Contreras F, Cooper M, Cordier A, Coutu S, Covault C, Cronin J, Curutiu A, Dallier R, Daniel B, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson B, de Almeida R, De Domenico M, de Jong S, de Mello Neto J, De Mitri I, de Oliveira J, de Souza V, del Peral L, Deligny O, Dembinski H, Dhital N, Di Giulio C, Di Matteo A, Diaz J, Díaz Castro M, Diogo F, Dobrigkeit C, Docters W, D’Olivo J, Dorofeev A, Dorosti Hasankiadeh Q, Dova M, Ebr J, Engel R, Erdmann M, Erfani M, Escobar C, Espadanal J, Etchegoyen A, Facal San Luis P, Falcke H, Fang K, Farrar G, Fauth A, Fazzini N, Ferguson A, Fernandes M, Fick B, Figueira J, Filevich A, Filipčič A, Fox B, Fratu O, Fröhlich U, Fuchs B, Fujii T, Gaior R, García B, Garcia Roca S, Garcia-Gamez D, Garcia-Pinto D, Garilli G, Gascon Bravo A, Gate F, Gemmeke H, Ghia P, Giaccari U, Giammarchi M, Giller M, Glaser C, Glass H, Gómez Berisso M, Gómez Vitale P, Gonçalves P, Gonzalez J, González N, Gookin B, Gordon J, Gorgi A, Gorham P, Gouffon P, Grebe S, Griffith N, Grillo A, Grubb T, Guardincerri Y, Guarino F, Guedes G, Hampel M, Hansen P, Harari D, Harrison T, Hartmann S, Harton J, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Heimann P, Herve A, Hill G, Hojvat C, Hollon N, Holt E, Homola P, Hörandel J, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huber D, Huege T, Insolia A, Isar P, Islo K, Jandt I, Jansen S, Jarne C, Josebachuili M, Kääpä A, Kambeitz O, Kampert K, Kasper P, Katkov I, Kégl B, Keilhauer B, Keivani A, Kemp E, Kieckhafer R, Klages H, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Krause R, Krohm N, Krömer O, Kruppke-Hansen D, Kuempel D, Kunka N, LaHurd D, Latronico L, Lauer R, Lauscher M, Lautridou P, Le Coz S, Leão M, Lebrun D, Lebrun P, Leigui de Oliveira M, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Link K, López R, Louedec K, Lozano Bahilo J, Lu L, Lucero A, Ludwig M, Malacari M, Maldera S, Mallamaci M, Maller J, Mandat D, Mantsch P, Mariazzi A, Marin V, Mariş I, Marsella G, Martello D, Martin L, Martinez H, Martínez Bravo O, Martraire D, Masías Meza J, Mathes H, Mathys S, Matthews J, Matthews J, Matthiae G, Maurel D, Maurizio D, Mayotte E, Mazur P, Medina C, Medina-Tanco G, Melissas M, Melo D, Menshikov A, Messina S, Meyhandan R, Mićanović S, Micheletti M, Middendorf L, Minaya I, Miramonti L, Mitrica B, Molina-Bueno L, Mollerach S, Monasor M, Monnier Ragaigne D, Montanet F, Morello C, Mostafá M, Moura C, Muller M, Müller G, Münchmeyer M, Mussa R, Navarra G, Navas S, Necesal P, Nellen L, Nelles A, Neuser J, Newton D, Niechciol M, Niemietz L, Niggemann T, Nitz D, Nosek D, Novotny V, Nožka L, Ochilo L, Olinto A, Oliveira M, Olmos-Gilbaja V, Pacheco N, Pakk Selmi-Dei D, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Palmieri N, Papenbreer P, Parente G, Parra A, Paul T, Pech M, Pękala J, Pelayo R, Pepe I, Perrone L, Petermann E, Peters C, Petrera S, Petrov Y, Phuntsok J, Piegaia R, Pierog T, Pieroni P, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Plum M, Porcelli A, Porowski C, Prado R, Privitera P, Prouza M, Purrello V, Quel E, Querchfeld S, Quinn S, Rautenberg J, Ravel O, Ravignani D, Revenu B, Ridky J, Riggi S, Risse M, Ristori P, Rizi V, Roberts J, Rodrigues de Carvalho W, Rodriguez Fernandez G, Rodriguez Rojo J, Rodríguez-Frías M, Ros G, Rosado J, Rossler T, Roth M, Roulet E, Rovero A, Saffi S, Saftoiu A, Salamida F, Salazar H, Saleh A, Salesa Greus F, Salina G, Sánchez F, Sanchez-Lucas P, Santo C, Santos E, Santos E, Sarazin F, Sarkar B, Sarmento R, Sato R, Scharf N, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schiffer P, Scholten O, Schoorlemmer H, Schovánek P, Schröder F, Schulz A, Schulz J, Schumacher J, Sciutto S, Segreto A, Settimo M, Shadkam A, Shellard R, Sidelnik I, Sigl G, Sima O, Śmiałkowski A, Šmída R, Snow G, Sommers P, Sorokin J, Squartini R, Srivastava Y, Stanič S, Stapleton J, Stasielak J, Stephan M, Stutz A, Suarez F, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky A, Sutherland M, Swain J, Szadkowski Z, Szuba M, Taborda O, Tapia A, Tartare M, Tepe A, Theodoro V, Timmermans C, Todero Peixoto C, Toma G, Tomankova L, Tomé B, Tonachini A, Torralba Elipe G, Torres Machado D, Travnicek P, Trovato E, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Valdés Galicia J, Valiño I, Valore L, van Aar G, van den Berg A, van Velzen S, van Vliet A, Varela E, Vargas Cárdenas B, Varner G, Vázquez J, Vázquez R, Veberič D, Verzi V, Vicha J, Videla M, Villaseñor L, Vlcek B, Vorobiov S, Wahlberg H, Wainberg O, Walz D, Watson A, Weber M, Weidenhaupt K, Weindl A, Werner F, Widom A, Wiencke L, Wilczyńska B, Wilczyński H, Will M, Williams C, Winchen T, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Wykes S, Yamamoto T, Yapici T, Younk P, Yuan G, Yushkov A, Zamorano B, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zaw I, Zepeda A, Zhou J, Zhu Y, Zimbres Silva M, Ziolkowski M, Zuccarello F. Muons in air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory: Mean number in highly inclined events. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.91.032003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Valerio G, Licenziati MR, Manco M, Ambruzzi AM, Bacchini D, Baraldi E, Bona G, Bruzzi P, Cerutti F, Corciulo N, Crinò A, Franzese A, Grugni G, Iughetti L, Lenta S, Maffeis C, Marzuillo P, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Morandi A, Morino G, Moro B, Perrone L, Prodam F, Ricotti R, Santamaria F, Zito E, Tanas R. [Health consequences of obesity in children and adolescents]. Minerva Pediatr 2014; 66:381-414. [PMID: 25253187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity in childhood is associated with the presence of complications that can undermine health immediately or in the long term. Several conditions, such as pulmonary or orthopedic complications are strictly associated with the severity of overweight, since they are directly associated to the mechanic stress of fat tissue on the airways or on the bones. Other conditions, such as metabolic or liver complications, although increasing with the extent of overweight, are associated with insulin resistance, which can be modulated by different other factors (ethnicity, genetics, fat distribution) and can occur in overweight children as well. No less important are psychological correlates, such as depression and stigma, which can seriously affect the health related quality of life. Pediatric services for the care of childhood obesity need to be able to screen overweight and obese children for the presence of physical and psychological complications, which can be still reversed by weight loss. This article provides pediatricians a comprehensive update on the main complications in obese children and adolescents and their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Valerio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università Parthenope, Napoli, Italia - giuliana.valerio©uniparthenope.it
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Perrone L, Downer A, Mokdad A, Scott E, Perdue T, Shotorbani S, Confer D, Martin R. Implementing an effective leadership and management training program for
clinical and public health laboratory directors and other mid senior-level
managers in the Middle East. Ann Glob Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2014.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Bartoli B, Bernardini P, Bi X, Bolognino I, Branchini P, Budano A, Camarri P, Cao Z, Cardarelli R, Catalanotti S, Cattaneo C, Chen S, Chen T, Creti P, Cui S, Dai B, D'Amone A, Danzengluobu, De Mitri I, D'Ettorre Piazzoli B, Di Girolamo T, Di Sciascio G, Feng C, Zhaoyang Feng, Zhenyong Feng, Giroletti E, Gou Q, Guo Y, He H, Haibing Hu, Hongbo Hu, Iacovacci M, Iuppa R, Jia H, Labaciren, Li H, Liguori G, Liu C, Liu J, Liu M, Lu H, Ma L, Ma X, Mancarella G, Mari S, Marsella G, Martello D, Mastroianni S, Montini P, Ning C, Panareo M, Perrone L, Pistilli P, Ruggieri F, Salvini P, Santonico R, Shen P, Sheng X, Shi F, Surdo A, Tan Y, Vallania P, Vernetto S, Vigorito C, Wang H, Wu C, Wu H, Xue L, Yang Q, Yang X, Yao Z, Yuan A, Zha M, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou X, Zhu F, Zhu Q, Zizzi G. Radon contribution to single particle counts of the ARGO-YBJ detector. RADIAT MEAS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bartoli B, Bernardini P, Bi X, Bolognino I, Branchini P, Budano A, Calabrese Melcarne A, Camarri P, Cao Z, Cardarelli R, Catalanotti S, Chen S, Chen T, Chen Y, Creti P, Cui S, Dai B, D’Amone A, Danzengluobu, De Mitri I, D’Ettorre Piazzoli B, Di Girolamo T, Ding X, Di Sciascio G, Feng C, Feng Z, Feng Z, Gou Q, Guo Y, He H, Hu H, Hu H, Huang Q, Iacovacci M, Iuppa R, Jia H, Labaciren, Li H, Li J, Li X, Liguori G, Liu C, Liu C, Liu J, Liu M, Lu H, Ma X, Mancarella G, Mari S, Marsella G, Martello D, Mastroianni S, Montini P, Ning C, Panareo M, Panico B, Perrone L, Pistilli P, Ruggieri F, Salvini P, Santonico R, Sbano S, Shen P, Sheng X, Shi F, Surdo A, Tan Y, Vallania P, Vernetto S, Vigorito C, Wang B, Wang H, Wu C, Wu H, Xu B, Xue L, Yan Y, Yang Q, Yang X, Yao Z, Yuan A, Zha M, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang P, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou X, Zhu F, Zhu Q, Zizzi G. Evidence of a geomagnetic effect on extensive air showers detected with the ARGO-YBJ experiment. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.89.052005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Brienza C, Grandone A, Di Salvo G, Corona AM, Di Sessa A, Pascotto C, Calabrò R, Toraldo R, Perrone L, del Giudice EM. Subclinical hypothyroidism and myocardial function in obese children. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:898-902. [PMID: 22748710 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pediatric obesity is an important health problem representing a major public health concern worldwide in the last decades. An isolated elevation of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) with normal levels of thyroid hormones is frequently found in obese children. It has been named Isolated Hyperthyreotropinemia or Subclinical Hypothyroidism (SCH) and may be considered a consequence of obesity. Evidence exists that SCH is related to impairment of both systolic and diastolic myocardial function in the adult population. The aim of our study is to establish if obesity-related SCH influences myocardial function in children. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined 34 obese children and adolescents with SCH and 60 obese children with normal TSH levels who underwent Doppler echocardiographic to evaluate myocardial function. Global systolic function as assessed by Ejection Fraction (EF) was comparable between groups, however Right Ventricle pressure global systolic function and pressure were significantly reduced in SCH group. Mitral annulus peak systolic (MAPSE) excursion lateral and MAPSE septum resulted significantly reduced in SCH group. Tissue Doppler imaging peak systolic motion (TDI-S) was reduced in SCH group. Diastolic function also showed significant modifications in SCH group. CONCLUSION These results suggest possible involvement of cardiac function in obese children with SCH resulting in both abnormal diastolic function and reduced longitudinal systolic function. This new insight into cardiovascular consequences of obesity-related SCH in children could influence clinical approach to such patients by pediatric endocrinologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Brienza
- Department of Pediatrics, Second University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, Italy.
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Zampino R, Coppola N, Cirillo G, Boemio A, Pisaturo M, Marrone A, Macera M, Sagnelli E, Perrone L, Adinolfi LE, Miraglia del Giudice E. Abdominal fat interacts with PNPLA3 I148M, but not with the APOC3 variant in the pathogenesis of liver steatosis in chronic hepatitis C. J Viral Hepat 2013; 20:517-23. [PMID: 23808989 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) and the apolipoprotein C3 gene (APOC3) have been studied in relation to liver steatosis and liver disease outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of PNPLA3 p.I148M and APOC3 rs2854116 and rs2854117 polymorphisms on the clinical and histological presentation of chronic hepatitis C in an Italian population and their relationship with viral and anthropometric parameters. Patients with hepatitis C (n = 166) entered the study receiving a clinical, histological, virological and biochemical evaluation. APOC3 (rs2854116 and rs2854117) and PNPLA3 (p.I148M) variants were genotyped. PNPLA3 polymorphisms were associated with liver steatosis, which was significantly higher in patients with p.148I/M (P = 0.034) and p.148M/M (P = 0.004) variants than those homozygous for the PNPLA3 wild type. Excluding patients with HCV genotype 3, the association with liver steatosis and PNPLA3 variants was more marked (p.148I/I genotype vs p.148I/M, P = 0.02, and vs p.148M/M, P = 0.005). The APOC3 polymorphism was not associated with any of the evaluated parameters. Among the interacting factors, BMI and waist circumference correlated with liver steatosis (P = 0.008 and 0.004, respectively). Relationship between waist circumference and liver steatosis was analysed for the different PNPLA3 genotypes. Homozygous 148M patients showed a stronger correlation between waist circumference and steatosis than those carrying the other genotypes (P = 0.0047). In our hepatitis C-infected population, the PNPLA3 polymorphism influenced the development of liver steatosis, but not fibrosis progression. APOC3 polymorphisms had no effect on the development of steatosis and no influence on the PNPLA3 polymorphism. The amount of abdominal fat can increase the association of PNPLA3 p.I148M with liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zampino
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
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Alvarez-Muñiz J, Bohacova M, Cataldi G, Coluccia M, Creti P, De Mitri I, Di Giulio C, Engel R, Luis PFS, Iarlori M, Martello D, Monasor M, Perrone L, Petrera S, Privitera P, Riegel M, Rizi V, Fernandez GR, Salamida F, Salina G, Settimo M, Smida R, Verzi V, Werner F, Williams C. The Air Microwave Yield (AMY) experiment to measure the GHz emission from air shower plasmas. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20135308011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Miraglia del Giudice M, Matera MG, Capristo C, Conte M, Santaniello F, Chinellato I, Leonardi S, Miraglia del Giudice MC, Perrone L. LABAs in asthmatic children: highlights and new inside. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2013; 26:540-3. [PMID: 23583567 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
International asthma guidelines recommend increasing the dose of ICS or adding leukotriene modifiers or the use of long-acting inhaled beta2-agonists (LABAs) in combination with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) when uncontrolled asthma occurs in adult and children in treatment with low-dose inhaled corticosteroids. However, in children, the effects of this last treatment option are unclear because there are few studies on the efficacy and safety of these drugs in pediatric age. Furthermore, salmeterol is licensed for use in children over 4 years and formoterol in children of more than 6 years. Finally, recent data provides evidence that repeated bronchoconstriction induces epithelial cell stress that may lead to remodeling and these findings may have potential implications for asthma management, particularly for LABAs treatment in the future.
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Manco M, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Spreghini MR, Cappa M, Perrone L, Brufani C, Rustico C, Morino G, Caprio S. 1-Hour plasma glucose in obese youth. Acta Diabetol 2012; 49:435-43. [PMID: 22391936 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-012-0384-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adults with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) but exaggerated plasma glucose excursion at 1 h (1HPG) following the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) have significantly higher risk of developing impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or diabetes. Aim of the study will be to characterize the metabolic phenotype of NGT obese youth according to values of 1HPG. To accomplish this aim, obese patients (N = 1,454; 761 men; 79 IGT; BMI z-score 2.56 ± 0.16 SDS; age 11 ± 0.7 years) from two data sets were analyzed. In all patients, empirical parameters of insulin metabolism were calculated in fasting condition and following an OGTT (1.75 mg of glucose per kilogram/body weight). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed in the first group (training set, N = 920) to establish the cutoff value of 1HPG best identifying IGT. The second set (validation set, N = 534) served to verify the goodness of the model and the identified cutoff values. 1HPG ≥ 132.5 mg/dl identified IGT with 80.8% sensitivity and 74.3% specificity in the training set (AUC 0.855, 95% CI 0.808-0.902, p < 0.0001), and 70.3% sensitivity and 80% specificity in the validation set (AUC 0.81, 95% CI 0.713-0.907, p < 0.0001), respectively. NGT patients with 1HPG ≥ 132.5 mg/dl had a metabolic phenotype (triglycerides, insulin action, and secretion) that was in between those of NGT patients with 1HPG below the threshold and IGT patients (p < 0.0001 for all the comparisons). 1HPG ≥ 132.5 mg/dl seems to be associated with increased metabolic risk in obese youth, identifying patients with lower insulin sensitivity, early secretion, and higher total insulin secretion than in obese mates with lower 1HPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Manco
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.
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Cirillo G, Marini R, Ito S, Wakamatsu K, Scianguetta S, Bizzarri C, Romano A, Grandone A, Perrone L, Cappa M, Miraglia Del Giudice E. Lack of red hair phenotype in a North-African obese child homozygous for a novel POMC null mutation: nonsense-mediated decay RNA evaluation and hair pigment chemical analysis. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167:1393-5. [PMID: 22612534 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abreu P, Aglietta M, Ahn EJ, Albuquerque IFM, Allard D, Allekotte I, Allen J, Allison P, Almeda A, Alvarez Castillo J, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Ambrosio M, Aminaei A, Anchordoqui L, Andringa S, Antičić T, Aramo C, Arganda E, Arqueros F, Asorey H, Assis P, Aublin J, Ave M, Avenier M, Avila G, Bäcker T, Balzer M, Barber KB, Barbosa AF, Bardenet R, Barroso SLC, Baughman B, Bäuml J, Beatty JJ, Becker BR, Becker KH, Bellétoile A, Bellido JA, Benzvi S, Berat C, Bertou X, Biermann PL, Billoir P, Blanco F, Blanco M, Bleve C, Blümer H, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Bonino R, Borodai N, Brack J, Brogueira P, Brown WC, Bruijn R, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Burton RE, Caballero-Mora KS, Caramete L, Caruso R, Castellina A, Catalano O, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cester R, Chauvin J, Cheng SH, Chiavassa A, Chinellato JA, Chirinos Diaz J, Chudoba J, Clay RW, Coluccia MR, Conceição R, Contreras F, Cook H, Cooper MJ, Coppens J, Cordier A, Coutu S, Covault CE, Creusot A, Criss A, Cronin J, Curutiu A, Dagoret-Campagne S, Dallier R, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, de Almeida RM, De Domenico M, De Donato C, de Jong SJ, De La Vega G, de Mello Junior WJM, de Mello Neto JRT, De Mitri I, de Souza V, de Vries KD, Decerprit G, del Peral L, del Río M, Deligny O, Dembinski H, Dhital N, Di Giulio C, Díaz Castro ML, Diep PN, Dobrigkeit C, Docters W, D'Olivo JC, Dong PN, Dorofeev A, dos Anjos JC, Dova MT, D'Urso D, Dutan I, Ebr J, Engel R, Erdmann M, Escobar CO, Espadanal J, Etchegoyen A, Facal San Luis P, Fajardo Tapia I, Falcke H, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Ferguson AP, Ferrero A, Fick B, Filevich A, Filipčič A, Fliescher S, Fracchiolla CE, Fraenkel ED, Fröhlich U, Fuchs B, Gaior R, Gamarra RF, Gambetta S, García B, Garcia-Gamez D, Garcia-Pinto D, Gascon A, Gemmeke H, Gesterling K, Ghia PL, Giaccari U, Giller M, Glass H, Gold MS, Golup G, Gomez Albarracin F, Gómez Berisso M, Gonçalves P, Gonzalez D, Gonzalez JG, Gookin B, Góra D, Gorgi A, Gouffon P, Gozzini SR, Grashorn E, Grebe S, Griffith N, Grigat M, Grillo AF, Guardincerri Y, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Guzman A, Hague JD, Hansen P, Harari D, Harmsma S, Harrison TA, Harton JL, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Herve AE, Hojvat C, Hollon N, Holmes VC, Homola P, Hörandel JR, Horneffer A, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Insolia A, Ionita F, Italiano A, Jarne C, Jiraskova S, Josebachuili M, Kadija K, Kampert KH, Karhan P, Kasper P, Kégl B, Keilhauer B, Keivani A, Kelley JL, Kemp E, Kieckhafer RM, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Knapp J, Koang DH, Kotera K, Krohm N, Krömer O, Kruppke-Hansen D, Kuehn F, Kuempel D, Kulbartz JK, Kunka N, La Rosa G, Lachaud C, Lauer R, Lautridou P, Le Coz S, Leão MSAB, Lebrun D, Lebrun P, Leigui de Oliveira MA, Lemiere A, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Link K, López R, Lopez Agüera A, Louedec K, Lozano Bahilo J, Lu L, Lucero A, Ludwig M, Lyberis H, Macolino C, Maldera S, Mandat D, Mantsch P, Mariazzi AG, Marin J, Marin V, Maris IC, Marquez Falcon HR, Marsella G, Martello D, Martin L, Martinez H, Martínez Bravo O, Mathes HJ, Matthews J, Matthews JAJ, Matthiae G, Maurizio D, Mazur PO, Medina-Tanco G, Melissas M, Melo D, Menichetti E, Menshikov A, Mertsch P, Meurer C, Mićanović S, Micheletti MI, Miller W, Miramonti L, Molina-Bueno L, Mollerach S, Monasor M, Monnier Ragaigne D, Montanet F, Morales B, Morello C, Moreno E, Moreno JC, Morris C, Mostafá M, Moura CA, Mueller S, Muller MA, Müller G, Münchmeyer M, Mussa R, Navarra G, Navarro JL, Navas S, Necesal P, Nellen L, Nelles A, Neuser J, Nhung PT, Niemietz L, Nierstenhoefer N, Nitz D, Nosek D, Nožka L, Nyklicek M, Oehlschläger J, Olinto A, Olmos-Gilbaja VM, Ortiz M, Pacheco N, Pakk Selmi-Dei D, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Palmieri N, Parente G, Parizot E, Parra A, Parsons RD, Pastor S, Paul T, Pech M, Pekala J, Pelayo R, Pepe IM, Perrone L, Pesce R, Petermann E, Petrera S, Petrinca P, Petrolini A, Petrov Y, Petrovic J, Pfendner C, Phan N, Piegaia R, Pierog T, Pieroni P, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Ponce VH, Pontz M, Privitera P, Prouza M, Quel EJ, Querchfeld S, Rautenberg J, Ravel O, Ravignani D, Revenu B, Ridky J, Riggi S, Risse M, Ristori P, Rivera H, Rizi V, Roberts J, Robledo C, Rodrigues de Carvalho W, Rodriguez G, Rodriguez Martino J, Rodriguez Rojo J, Rodriguez-Cabo I, Rodríguez-Frías MD, Ros G, Rosado J, Rossler T, Roth M, Rouillé-d'Orfeuil B, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Rühle C, Salamida F, Salazar H, Salesa Greus F, Salina G, Sánchez F, Santo CE, Santos E, Santos EM, Sarazin F, Sarkar B, Sarkar S, Sato R, Scharf N, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schiffer P, Schmidt A, Scholten O, Schoorlemmer H, Schovancova J, Schovánek P, Schröder F, Schulte S, Schuster D, Sciutto SJ, Scuderi M, Segreto A, Settimo M, Shadkam A, Shellard RC, Sidelnik I, Sigl G, Silva Lopez HH, Smiałkowski A, Smída R, Snow GR, Sommers P, Sorokin J, Spinka H, Squartini R, Stanic S, Stapleton J, Stasielak J, Stephan M, Stutz A, Suarez F, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Suša T, Sutherland MS, Swain J, Szadkowski Z, Szuba M, Tamashiro A, Tapia A, Tartare M, Taşcău O, Tavera Ruiz CG, Tcaciuc R, Tegolo D, Thao NT, Thomas D, Tiffenberg J, Timmermans C, Tiwari DK, Tkaczyk W, Todero Peixoto CJ, Tomé B, Tonachini A, Travnicek P, Tridapalli DB, Tristram G, Trovato E, Tueros M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Valdés Galicia JF, Valiño I, Valore L, van den Berg AM, Varela E, Vargas Cárdenas B, Vázquez JR, Vázquez RA, Veberič D, Verzi V, Vicha J, Videla M, Villaseñor L, Wahlberg H, Wahrlich P, Wainberg O, Walz D, Warner D, Watson AA, Weber M, Weidenhaupt K, Weindl A, Westerhoff S, Whelan BJ, Wieczorek G, Wiencke L, Wilczyńska B, Wilczyński H, Will M, Williams C, Winchen T, Winnick MG, Wommer M, Wundheiler B, Yamamoto T, Yapici T, Younk P, Yuan G, Yushkov A, Zamorano B, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zaw I, Zepeda A, Zhu Y, Zimbres Silva M, Ziolkowski M. Measurement of the proton-air cross section at √s=57 TeV with the Pierre Auger Observatory. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:062002. [PMID: 23006259 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.062002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a measurement of the proton-air cross section for particle production at the center-of-mass energy per nucleon of 57 TeV. This is derived from the distribution of the depths of shower maxima observed with the Pierre Auger Observatory: systematic uncertainties are studied in detail. Analyzing the tail of the distribution of the shower maxima, a proton-air cross section of [505±22(stat)(-36)(+28)(syst)] mb is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Abreu
- LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Del Giudice MM, Saitta F, Leonardi S, Capasso M, Niglio B, Chinellato I, Decimo F, Maiello N, Capristo C, Perrone L, Peroni D. Effectiveness of Nebulized Hypertonic Saline and Epinephrine in Hospitalized Infants with Bronchiolitis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2012; 25:485-91. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201202500218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - F. Saitta
- Department of Pediatrics, S. Maria delle Grazie, Pozzuoli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - S. Leonardi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M. Capasso
- Department of Pediatrics “F.Fede”, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - B. Niglio
- Department of Pediatrics, S. Maria delle Grazie, Pozzuoli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - I. Chinellato
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Verona, Italy
| | - F. Decimo
- Department of Pediatrics “F.Fede”, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - N. Maiello
- Department of Pediatrics “F.Fede”, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - C. Capristo
- Department of Pediatrics “F.Fede”, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - L. Perrone
- Department of Pediatrics “F.Fede”, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - D. Peroni
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Verona, Italy
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Miraglia Del Giudice M, Decimo F, Maiello N, Leonardi S, Parisi G, Golluccio M, Capasso M, Balestrieri U, Rocco A, Perrone L, Ciprandi G. Effectiveness of Ischia thermal water nasal aerosol in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized and controlled study. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2012; 24:1103-9. [PMID: 22230419 DOI: 10.1177/039463201102400431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis is characterized by local inflammation. Nasal lavage may be a useful treatment, however, there are few studies on this topic. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Ischia thermal water nasal irrigation on allergic rhinitis symptoms and airway inflammation during the period of natural exposure to Parietaria pollen in children with allergic rhinitis and intermittent asthma. Forty allergic children were randomly divided into two groups: the first group (Group 1) practiced crenotherapy with thermal water aerosol for 15 days per month, for three consecutive months, the control group (Group 2) was treated with 0.9% NaCl (isotonic) solution. In addition, all children were treated with cetirizine (0.5 gtt./kg/day once daily). Nasal symptom assessment, including Total Symptom Score (TSS), spirometry, and exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were considered before the treatment (T0), at the end of the treatment (T1) and again 2 weeks after the end of the treatment (T2). The study was registered in the Clinical Trials.gov (NCT01326247). Thermal water significantly reduced both TSS and FeNO levels and there was a significant relationship between reduction of nasal symptoms and FeNO values at the end of treatment with thermal water. In conclusion, this study shows that nasal crenotherapy with the hypermineral chloride-sodium water of Ischia was effective in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis based on the sensitivity to Parietaria. These results demonstrate that this natural treatment may be effective in a common and debilitating disease such as the allergic rhinitis.
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Miraglia Del Giudice M, Maiello N, Decimo F, Fusco N, D' Agostino B, Sullo N, Capasso M, Salpietro V, Gitto E, Ciprandi G, Marseglia GL, Perrone L. Airways allergic inflammation and L. reuterii treatment in asthmatic children. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2012; 26:S35-S40. [PMID: 22691248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it has been hypothesized that the oral administration of specific live probiotic strains may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of allergic inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the oral L. reuteri DSM 17938 administration (1X108CFU), in airways allergic inflammation in mild persistent asthmatic children. In this DBPC randomized study we selected 50 children (6-14 years old), affected by mild persistent asthma (GINA step 2) and allergic to HDM. At the run-in period (T-2), the children were submitted to medical examination, prick tests for the main respiratory allergens, spirometry and children asthma control test (C-ACT). We selected only the children with well controlled asthma (C-ACT >19 and FEV1> 80%). After two weeks (T0) the children were allocated into two groups, the FeNO was measured and the breath condensate was collected. Group A children were treated with the placebo (5 drops per day) and Group B children with L. reuteri (108CFU =5 drops per day) for 60 days. After the treatment period (T1), all patients were evaluated by medical examination, C-ACT, spirometry, FeNO measurement and exaled breath condensate analysis. The FeNO values showed a significant reduction (p=0,045) in L. reuteri group but not in the placebo group at the end of the treatment (T1). Furthermore, the cytokines exam showed an increase in IL-10 levels (p less than 0.05) and a significant reduction in IL-2 levels (p less than 0.05) only in L. reuteri group at T1. No significant differences in FEV1 values and C-ACT score were found in both groups. In conclusion, these data showed that L. reuteri (108 CFU) was effective in reducing bronchial inflammation in asthmatic children. No significant effect was found on FEV1 values and C-ACT score, probably because we selected children with well controlled asthma.
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Pedullà M, Miraglia Del Giudice M, Fierro V, Arrigo T, Gitto E, Salpietro A, Lionetti E, Salpietro V, Leonardi S, Santaniello F, Perrone L. Atopy as a risk factor for thyroid autoimmunity in children. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2012; 26:S9-S14. [PMID: 22691261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been considerable interest in the relationship between allergic and autoimmune diseases. We evaluated the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in 566 children affected by atopic dermatitis (AD), urticaria, rhinitis, chronic cough, and asthma. Our results suggest that allergy and autoimmunity can be two potential outcomes of dysregulated immunity. It is tempting to speculate that NK Th2 cells can favour asthma onset and at the same time improve thyroid autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pedullà
- Department of Pediatrics, Second University of Naples, Italy
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Pedullà M, Perrone L, Fierro V, Capristo C, Salpietro C, Leonardi S, La Rosa M, Arrigo T, Licari A, Longaretti P, Miraglia Del Giudice M. Could be a link between non atopic asthma and HP infection? J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2012; 26:S49-S52. [PMID: 22691250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A potential role of Helicobater Pylori (HP) infection in several extra-intestinal pathologies has been recently suggested. The aim of our study was to assess the role of serology positive for HP in atopic and non atopic infants and children affected by atopic dermatitis, urticaria, rhinitis and asthma. We included 615 children affected by atopic diseases. According to prick test positivity and age, we divided the patients into two groups: atopic or non-atopic patients and infants (0-2 years) or children (2-12 years). The serum levels of antibodies for H. pylori immunoglobulin G were measured by using an ELISA test. We found a not significant difference between group 1 and group 2 about atopy. There was a significant higher frequency of HP positive serology in older children. As for infants, a higher significant prevalence of HP positive serology was found in non-atopic patients. HP positive serology was significantly higher only in non-atopic infants affected by atopic dermatitis and urticaria than in atopic. In group 2, non atopic children shown a significant increase in the prevalence of HP serum positivity than atopic children. As for asthma, there was an higher prevalence of HP serology positive in non atopic asthmatic children group than in atopic asthmatics. On the contrary, the prevalence of positive HP serology was not significantly different between atopic and non atopic children affected by dermatitis, urticaria, and rhinitis. The present data confirm an inverse association between HP positive serology and atopy in both groups. However, the higher prevalence of positive HP serology was observed in non atopic asthmatics children than in atopic asthmatics. We could speculate that HP infection can favour non-atopic asthma onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pedullà
- Department of Pediatrics, Second University of Naples, Italy
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Miraglia Del Giudice M, Marseglia A, Leonardi S, La Rosa M, Salpietro C, Brunese FP, Arrigo T, Perrone L. Allergic rhinitis and quality of life in children. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:25-8. [PMID: 22032783 DOI: 10.1177/03946320110240s406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis is a respiratory disease caused by an inflammatory process related to IgE mediated reaction versus allergens to which the subject is sensitized. Allergic rhinitis is not an isolated disease because the nasal mucosa inflammation involves paranasal sinuses and lower airways, thus worsening the asthmatic symptoms. Recently, a new classification of allergic rhinitis based on the duration and severity of clinical symptoms has been proposed. This classification takes into consideration both the quality of life and the possible impact of the symptoms on school, work and free-time activities. Children's quality of life is severely compromised by frequent night awakenings, easy fatigue, defects of language and irritability, which can have a negative influence on learning abilities. Allergic rhinitis has a negative impact on the quality of life of the whole family because it can cause interference on social life, and financial costs.
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Miraglia Del Giudice M, Marseglia GL, Leonardi S, Tosca MA, Marseglia A, Perrone L, Ciprandi G. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurements in rhinitis and asthma in children. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:29-32. [PMID: 22032784 DOI: 10.1177/03946320110240s407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is considered a good noninvasive marker to assess airway inflammation in asthma and allergic rhinitis. In asthma, exhaled NO is very useful to verify adherence to therapy, and to predict upcoming asthma exacerbations. It has been also proposed that adjusting anti-inflammatory drugs guided by the monitoring of exhaled NO, could improve overall asthma control. Other studies showed increased FeNO levels in subjects with allergic rhinitis.
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Iaria G, Pisani F, De Luca L, Sforza D, Manuelli M, Perrone L, Bellini I, Angelico R, Tisone G. Prospective study of switch from cyclosporine to tacrolimus for fibroadenomas of the breast in kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc 2010; 42:1169-70. [PMID: 20534252 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast fibroadenomas may result from exposure to cyclosporine (CsA). The aim of this prospective study was to assess the reversibility of breast fibroadenomas following conversion from CsA to tacrolimus among a small cohort of female renal transplant recipients. METHODS Following renal transplantation, fibroadenomas either developed or progressed in eight Caucasian female patients with CsA-based immunosuppression. These patients were enrolled in a pilot study assessing whether conversion from a CsA-based to a tacrolimus-based regimen prevented progression of breast disease or reversed existing lumps. Patients underwent a baseline visit in which we assessed the clinical history, number and dimension of fibroadenomas, graft function and hormonal profile (FSH prolactin, estradiol and progesterone). Twenty-one lumps were described in six patients; in addition, two patients had "grapes of fibroadenomas," of nondefinable numbers. RESULTS Patients underwent conversion to tacrolimus after a mean of 63.8 +/- 37.4 months after renal transplantation. Of the 21 clearly described lumps complete reversibility was observed for eight fibroadenomas. Other fibroadenomas either decreased in size or remained stable without further progression. These changes were reported within 1 year following conversion to tacrolimus. CONCLUSION A switch from CsA to tacrolimus was effective to prevent the progression of fibroadenomas. In female renal transplant recipients with CsA-based immunosuppression suffering from breast fibroadenomas, early CsA withdrawal may avoid the need for breast surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Iaria
- Transplant Unit, Ospedale S. Eugenio, Università Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
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Manuelli M, De Luca L, Iaria G, Tatangelo P, Sforza D, Perrone L, Bellini MI, Angelico R, Anselmo A, Tisone G. Conversion to rapamycin immunosuppression for malignancy after kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc 2010; 42:1314-6. [PMID: 20534289 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignancies are a well-known complication of immunosuppressive therapy among renal transplant recipients, representing an important cause of long-term morbidity and mortality. Rapamycin has been shown to limit the proliferation of a number of malignant cell lines in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Fifteen patients developed the following malignancies at a mean of 90.3 months (range = 10-252) after kidney transplantation: metastatic gastric cancer (n = 1), metastatic colon cancer (n = 1), bilateral nephrourothelioma (n = 1), skin cancer (n = 2), Kaposi's sarcoma (n = 2), posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD; n = 4), renal cell carcinoma T1 (n = 1), MALT lymphoma (n = 1), intramucous colon carcinoma (n = 1), liposarcoma of the spermatic cord (n = 1). After the diagnosis of malignancy, the patients were switched from calcineurin inhibitor-based immunosuppression to rapamycin (monotherapy, n = 3), or associated with steroids (n = 6) or with mycophenolate mofetil (n = 6). RESULTS Both patients with metastatic cancer underwent chemotherapy but succumbed after 6 and 13 months. Two patients with PTLD who underwent chemotherapy died after 12 and 36 months. At a mean follow-up of 32.7 months (range = 7-56), the remaining 11 patients are cancer-free. Two patients lost their grafts after 24 and 36 months after the switch due to chronic rejection. Renal graft function remained stable in all other patients from diagnosis throughout follow-up. CONCLUSION Our observations suggested that rapamycin-based immunosuppression offers the possibility for regression of nonmetastatic tumors. Nevertheless, it is difficult to assess whether tumor regression was due to rapamycin treatment or to the reduced immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Manuelli
- Transplant Unit, Università Tor Vergata, Ospedale S Eugenio, Rome, Italy
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Amato A, Santoro N, Calabrò P, Grandone A, Swinkels DW, Perrone L, del Giudice EM. Effect of body mass index reduction on serum hepcidin levels and iron status in obese children. Int J Obes (Lond) 2010; 34:1772-4. [PMID: 20877286 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2010.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Iron deficiency has been linked to obesity. Hepcidin is the main regulator of iron homeostasis and is higher in obese children compared to controls. To gain insight into the link between obesity and hepcidin, we performed an intervention study in 15 obese children. These children were subjected to a 6-month weight loss program and underwent physical examination and iron status and absorption as well as hepcidin, interleukin-6 and leptin serum levels evaluation at baseline and after the weight loss program. After the program all children reduced their body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS) of at least 0.5. We observed a significant decrease in hepcidin (P=0.003) and leptin levels (P=0.005), and a significant increase in iron absorption (P=0.02). A direct correlation between the measure of hepcidin and leptin reduction was observed and this correlation appeared significant (r²=0.33, P=0.003) when adjusted for interleukin-6 and BMI SDS variations. In conclusion, we have shown that, in obese children, BMI reduction is associated with hepcidin reduction, potentially improving iron status and absorption. Implications of these findings could be considered in the management of obese children with poor iron status.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amato
- Department of Pediatrics 'F. Fede', Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
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Abstract
Evidence is mounting that proinflammatory and proapoptotic thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) has a causative role in the development of diabetes. However, there are no studies investigating the role of TXNIP in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Here, we show that, in diabetic rats, TXNIP expression and hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) flux, which regulates TXNIP, are elevated in the retina and correlates well with the induction of inflammatory cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2) and sclerotic fibronectin (FN). We blocked the expression of TXNIP in diabetic rat retinas by: (i) inhibiting HBP flux; (ii) inducing post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) for TXNIP mRNA; and (iii) performing an in vivo transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) approach for TXNIP knockdown by promoter-targeted small interfering RNAs and cell-penetrating peptides as RNA interference (RNAi) transducers. Each of these methods is efficient in downregulating TXNIP expression, resulting in blockade of its target genes, Cox-2 and FN, demonstrating that TXNIP has a causative role in aberrant gene induction in early DR. RNAi TGS of TXNIP abolishes diabetes-induced retinal gliosis and ganglion injury. Thus, TXNIP has a critical role in inflammation and retinal injury in early stages of DR. The successful employment of TXNIP TGS and amelioration of its pathological effects open the way for novel therapeutic strategies aimed to block disease onset and progression of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Perrone
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Abraham J, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Ahn EJ, Allard D, Allekotte I, Allen J, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Ambrosio M, Anchordoqui L, Andringa S, Anticić T, Anzalone A, Aramo C, Arganda E, Arisaka K, Arqueros F, Asorey H, Assis P, Aublin J, Ave M, Avila G, Bäcker T, Badagnani D, Balzer M, Barber KB, Barbosa AF, Barroso SLC, Baughman B, Bauleo P, Beatty JJ, Becker BR, Becker KH, Bellétoile A, Bellido JA, Benzvi S, Berat C, Bergmann T, Bertou X, Biermann PL, Billoir P, Blanch-Bigas O, Blanco F, Blanco M, Bleve C, Blümer H, Bohácová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Bonino R, Borodai N, Brack J, Brogueira P, Brown WC, Bruijn R, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Burton RE, Busca NG, Caballero-Mora KS, Caramete L, Caruso R, Castellina A, Catalano O, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cester R, Chauvin J, Chiavassa A, Chinellato JA, Chou A, Chudoba J, Clay RW, Colombo E, Coluccia MR, Conceição R, Contreras F, Cook H, Cooper MJ, Coppens J, Cordier A, Cotti U, Coutu S, Covault CE, Creusot A, Criss A, Cronin J, Curutiu A, Dagoret-Campagne S, Dallier R, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, de Almeida RM, De Domenico M, De Donato C, de Jong SJ, De La Vega G, de Mello Junior WJM, de Mello Neto JRT, De Mitri I, de Souza V, de Vries KD, Decerprit G, Del Peral L, Deligny O, Della Selva A, Delle Fratte C, Dembinski H, Di Giulio C, Diaz JC, Díaz Castro ML, Diep PN, Dobrigkeit C, D'Olivo JC, Dong PN, Dorofeev A, Dos Anjos JC, Dova MT, D'Urso D, Dutan I, Duvernois MA, Ebr J, Engel R, Erdmann M, Escobar CO, Etchegoyen A, Facal San Luis P, Falcke H, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Ferrero A, Fick B, Filevich A, Filipcic A, Fleck I, Fliescher S, Fracchiolla CE, Fraenkel ED, Fröhlich U, Fulgione W, Gamarra RF, Gambetta S, García B, García Gámez D, Garcia-Pinto D, Garrido X, Gelmini G, Gemmeke H, Ghia PL, Giaccari U, Giller M, Glass H, Goggin LM, Gold MS, Golup G, Gomez Albarracin F, Gómez Berisso M, Gonçalves P, Gonzalez D, Gonzalez JG, Góra D, Gorgi A, Gouffon P, Gozzini SR, Grashorn E, Grebe S, Grigat M, Grillo AF, Guardincerri Y, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Hague JD, Halenka V, Hansen P, Harari D, Harmsma S, Harton JL, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Herve AE, Hojvat C, Holmes VC, Homola P, Hörandel JR, Horneffer A, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Hussain M, Iarlori M, Insolia A, Ionita F, Italiano A, Jiraskova S, Kadija K, Kaducak M, Kampert KH, Karova T, Kasper P, Kégl B, Keilhauer B, Keivani A, Kelley J, Kemp E, Kieckhafer RM, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Knapik R, Knapp J, Koang DH, Krieger A, Krömer O, Kruppke-Hansen D, Kuehn F, Kuempel D, Kulbartz K, Kunka N, Kusenko A, La Rosa G, Lachaud C, Lago BL, Lautridou P, Leão MSAB, Lebrun D, Lebrun P, Lee J, Leigui de Oliveira MA, Lemiere A, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, López R, Lopez Agüera A, Louedec K, Lozano Bahilo J, Lucero A, Ludwig M, Lyberis H, Maccarone MC, Macolino C, Maldera S, Mandat D, Mantsch P, Mariazzi AG, Marin V, Maris IC, Marquez Falcon HR, Marsella G, Martello D, Martínez Bravo O, Mathes HJ, Matthews J, Matthews JAJ, Matthiae G, Maurizio D, Mazur PO, McEwen M, Medina-Tanco G, Melissas M, Melo D, Menichetti E, Menshikov A, Meurer C, Micanović S, Micheletti MI, Miller W, Miramonti L, Mollerach S, Monasor M, Monnier Ragaigne D, Montanet F, Morales B, Morello C, Moreno E, Moreno JC, Morris C, Mostafá M, Mueller S, Muller MA, Mussa R, Navarra G, Navarro JL, Navas S, Necesal P, Nellen L, Nhung PT, Nierstenhoefer N, Nitz D, Nosek D, Nozka L, Nyklicek M, Oehlschläger J, Olinto A, Oliva P, Olmos-Gilbaja VM, Ortiz M, Pacheco N, Pakk Selmi-Dei D, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Palmieri N, Parente G, Parizot E, Parlati S, Parra A, Parrisius J, Parsons RD, Pastor S, Paul T, Pavlidou V, Payet K, Pech M, Pekala J, Pelayo R, Pepe IM, Perrone L, Pesce R, Petermann E, Petrera S, Petrinca P, Petrolini A, Petrov Y, Petrovic J, Pfendner C, Piegaia R, Pierog T, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Ponce VH, Pontz M, Privitera P, Prouza M, Quel EJ, Rautenberg J, Ravel O, Ravignani D, Redondo A, Revenu B, Rezende FAS, Ridky J, Riggi S, Risse M, Ristori P, Rivière C, Rizi V, Robledo C, Rodriguez G, Rodriguez Martino J, Rodriguez Rojo J, Rodriguez-Cabo I, Rodríguez-Frías MD, Ros G, Rosado J, Rossler T, Roth M, Rouillé-d'Orfeuil B, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Salamida F, Salazar H, Salina G, Sánchez F, Santander M, Santo CE, Santos E, Santos EM, Sarazin F, Sarkar S, Sato R, Scharf N, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schiffer P, Schmidt A, Schmidt F, Schmidt T, Scholten O, Schoorlemmer H, Schovancova J, Schovánek P, Schroeder F, Schulte S, Schüssler F, Schuster D, Sciutto SJ, Scuderi M, Segreto A, Semikoz D, Settimo M, Shadkam A, Shellard RC, Sidelnik I, Siffert BB, Sigl G, Smiałkowski A, Smída R, Snow GR, Sommers P, Sorokin J, Spinka H, Squartini R, Stasielak J, Stephan M, Strazzeri E, Stutz A, Suarez F, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Susa T, Sutherland MS, Swain J, Szadkowski Z, Tamashiro A, Tamburro A, Tapia A, Tarutina T, Taşcău O, Tcaciuc R, Tcherniakhovski D, Tegolo D, Thao NT, Thomas D, Tiffenberg J, Timmermans C, Tkaczyk W, Todero Peixoto CJ, Tomé B, Tonachini A, Travnicek P, Tridapalli DB, Tristram G, Trovato E, Tueros M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Valdés Galicia JF, Valiño I, Valore L, van den Berg AM, Vázquez JR, Vázquez RA, Veberic D, Venters T, Verzi V, Videla M, Villaseñor L, Vorobiov S, Voyvodic L, Wahlberg H, Wahrlich P, Wainberg O, Warner D, Watson AA, Westerhoff S, Whelan BJ, Wieczorek G, Wiencke L, Wilczyńska B, Wilczyński H, Williams C, Winchen T, Winnick MG, Wundheiler B, Yamamoto T, Younk P, Yuan G, Yushkov A, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zaw I, Zepeda A, Ziolkowski M. Measurement of the depth of maximum of extensive air showers above 10{18} eV. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:091101. [PMID: 20366976 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.091101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We describe the measurement of the depth of maximum, X{max}, of the longitudinal development of air showers induced by cosmic rays. Almost 4000 events above 10;{18} eV observed by the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory in coincidence with at least one surface detector station are selected for the analysis. The average shower maximum was found to evolve with energy at a rate of (106{-21}{+35}) g/cm{2}/decade below 10{18.24+/-0.05} eV, and (24+/-3) g/cm{2}/decade above this energy. The measured shower-to-shower fluctuations decrease from about 55 to 26 g/cm{2}. The interpretation of these results in terms of the cosmic ray mass composition is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abraham
- National Technological University, Faculty Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
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Miraglia Del Giudice E, Marzuillo P, Cresta N, Tartaglione N, Pascotto C, Perrone L. [Genetics in the infant obesity]. Minerva Pediatr 2009; 61:671-673. [PMID: 19935522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Carotenuto M, Santoro N, Grandone A, Santoro E, Pascotto C, Pascotto A, Perrone L, del Giudice EM. The insulin gene variable number of tandemrepeats (INS VNTR) genotype and sleep disordered breathing in childhood obesity. J Endocrinol Invest 2009; 32:752-5. [PMID: 19574727 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aim of our study is to verify the association between the genetic predisposition to hyperinsulinism due to the presence of the insulin gene (INS) I/I genotype and the development of sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) in obese children and adolescents. Two hundred and fifty-six obese children and adolescents (125 girls) have been investigated. As initial screening all subjects' mothers filled out the Sleep Disturbances Scale for Children (SDSC). The Sleep-Disordered Breathing (SDB) scale has been taken into account. Successively, a subgroup of 34 patients belonging to the first (14 children) and the last (20 children) SDB score quintiles underwent an overnight polysomnography and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was evaluated. All subjects were genotyped for the INS VNTR and fasting insulin levels were evaluated. The population was divided into two groups according to the genotype: the first group was comprehensive of patients homozygotes for class I allele and the second group was composed by class III allele heterozygotes and homozygotes patients. Subjects I/I showed statistically signifIcant higher insulin levels (p<0.001) and SDB scores (p<0.001). Moreover, in the subgroup of patients investigated with polysomnography, class I homozygous subjects showed higher AHI compared to those patients carrying class III allele (p<0.001). Our data support the hypothesis that INS VNTR is associated with the development of SDB among obese children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carotenuto
- clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Tolone C, Cirillo G, Papparella A, Tolone S, Santoro N, Grandone A, Perrone L, del Giudice EM. A common CTLA4 polymorphism confers susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid disease in celiac children. Dig Liver Dis 2009; 41:385-9. [PMID: 18929517 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2008.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Revised: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) is a strong candidate gene in autoimmunity susceptibility. In particular, the CTLA4 CT60 A/G dimorphism has been associated with celiac disease (CD) and was reported to be strongly associated with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). AIMS This study aimed to investigate the possible influences of the CTLA4 CT60 A/G polymorphism in the susceptibility of Italian children to CD and in the predisposition to develop AITD in children with CD. PATIENTS AND METHODS We genotyped 317 Italian celiac children, including 44 patients (13.9%) who developed AITD after CD diagnosis and 350 controls. RESULTS The CTLA4 CT60 GG genotype distribution did not show any significant difference between children with CD and control population (p=0.4). On the contrary, the frequency of the GG genotype was significantly higher in patients with CD complicated with AITD than in control subjects (p=0.002) and CD patients without AITD (p=0.02). CONCLUSION Our data show a significant effect of the CTLA4 CT60G allele at the homozygous state on the risk of developing AITD in children with CD and suggest that the reported association of the CTLA4 CT60 A/G polymorphism with CD is limited to the subgroup of patients who are or will be complicated with AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tolone
- Department of Pediatrics F. Fede, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Santoro N, Perrone L, Cirillo G, Brienza C, Grandone A, Cresta N, Miraglia del Giudice E. Variations of retinol binding protein 4 levels are not associated with changes in insulin resistance during puberty. J Endocrinol Invest 2009; 32:411-4. [PMID: 19794289 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is an adipokine involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in obese adults and children. Since insulin resistance occurs during puberty, independently of adiposity, a role for RBP4 in the onset of this phenomenon may be hypothesized. In order to verify our hypothesis, we studied 90 subjects (45 obese and 45 lean controls). A complete physical examination was assessed, the z-score body mass index (BMI) was calculated, fat mass was assessed by bioelectric impedance analysis, and pubertal stage was assessed according to Tanner. Serum insulin and serum RBP4 levels were assayed. Obese and lean children differed for z-score BMI, fat mass, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and RBP4 levels. z-score BMI and HOMA-IR showed a direct correlation with RBP4 in the total population. When the subjects were divided in lean and obese, this correlation was evident only in obese (r2: 0.2; p=0.009 and r2: 0.2; p=0.01), but not in lean subjects (r2: 0.09; p=0.1 and r2: 0.03; p=0.4). Both in obese and lean HOMA-IR values were higher in pubertal subjects than in pre-pubertal (p<0.001), while serum RBP4 levels were similar in pubertal and in pre-pubertal subjects (>0.1). We conclude that RBP4 is correlated with adiposity and insulin resistance in obese children, but it is not involved in the insulin resistance occurring during puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Santoro
- Department of Pediatrics F. Fede Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Grandone A, Amato A, Luongo C, Santoro N, Perrone L, del Giudice EM. High-normal fasting glucose levels are associated with increased prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance in obese children. J Endocrinol Invest 2008; 31:1098-102. [PMID: 19246977 DOI: 10.1007/bf03345659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The natural history of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and Type 2 diabetes among obese children is not clear. Although the cut-off for impaired fasting glucose (IFG) has recently been changed from 110 (6.1 mmol/l) to 100 mg/dl (5.6 mmol/l), it does not seem a reliable way to find all subjects with impaired glucose homeostasis. The aim of our study was to determine whether high-normal fasting glucose level could predict the occurrence of IGT and metabolic syndrome. Three hundred and twenty-three Italian obese children and adolescents were included in the study (176 females, mean age 11+/-2.9 yr; mean body mass index z-score: 3+/-0.6). Waist circumference, serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride, cholesterol HDL, blood pressure were evaluated and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. The prevalence of IFG and IGT were respectively 1.5% (5 subjects) and 5% (18 patients); no diabetic patients were found. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 20% of patients. Fasting glycemia values <100 mg/dl (5.6 mmol/l) have been divided in quintiles. Metabolic syndrome prevalence increased across quintiles, although not in a statistically significantly manner, but it could depend on the selected diagnostic criteria as no univocal definition exists for metabolic syndrome in youths. Interestingly high-normal fasting plasma glucose levels constitute an independent risk factor for IGT among obese children and adolescents; therefore, this very easy-to-use parameter may help to identify obese patients at increased risk of diabetes or at least could suggest in which subjects to perform an OGTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grandone
- Department of Pediatrics F. Fede, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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