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Parisi G, Leonardi S, Ciprandi G, Corsico A, Licari A, Miraglia del Giudice M, Peroni D, Salpietro C, Marseglia G. Antihistamines in children and adolescents: A practical update. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2020; 48:753-762. [PMID: 32448753 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Histamine is a chemical mediator, released predominantly by tissue mast cells, circulating basophils, and neurons, which are activated in response to various immunological and non-immunological stimuli. Histamine has to bind to specific receptors to exert its physiological and pathophysiological functions. Endogenous histamine is the main mediator of the immediate allergic response, which moreover, performs other multiple functions, including regulation of gastric secretion, neurotransmission in the central nervous system, and immunomodulatory activity. The involvement of histamine in various disorders and the importance of receptors in the clinical features have relevant implications in clinical practice. Anti-H1 antihistamines contrast the histamine-dependent effects, mainly concerning nasal symptoms and cutaneous itching and wheal. Antihistamines are among the most prescribed drugs in pediatric care. This review updates the practical use of antihistamines in children and adolescents.
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2
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Amatruda M, Ceravolo MD, Ceravolo G, Cuppari C, Oreto L, Piraino B, Xerra F, Nicocia G, Salpietro C, Calabrò MP. Cardiovascular risk factors in childhood obesity. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2020; 34:11-16. SPECIAL ISSUE: FOCUS ON PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY. [PMID: 33000594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is the "disease of the century". This article reviews the early cardiovascular risk factors and the recommendations to prevent them in the overweight and obese children. A comprehensive search of published literature was carried out to identify all articles published on this topic in English and Italian from 1999 to 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Amatruda
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - M D Ceravolo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - G Ceravolo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - C Cuppari
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - L Oreto
- Mediterranean Pediatric Cardiology Center, San Vincenzo Hospital, Taormina, Italy
| | - B Piraino
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - F Xerra
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - G Nicocia
- Department of clinical and Experimental medicine, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - M P Calabrò
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
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Gramaglia SMC, Cuppari C, Salpietro C, Ceravolo A, Cutrupi MC, Concolino D, De Sarro R, Amatruda M, Mondello P, Ceravolo G, Calabrò MP, Gitto E. Congenital heart disease in Down Syndrome. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2020; 34:31-35. SPECIAL ISSUE: FOCUS ON PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY. [PMID: 33000597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S M C Gramaglia
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - C Cuppari
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | | | - M C Cutrupi
- DDepartment of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - D Concolino
- Department of Science of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Pediatric Unit, University of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - R De Sarro
- Department of Science of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Pediatric Unit, University of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - M Amatruda
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - P Mondello
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barres, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - G Ceravolo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - M P Calabrò
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - E Gitto
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Loddo I, Barbera F, Di Gesaro G, Cutrupi MC, Calabrò MP, Ceravolo G, Salpietro C, Gramaglia SMC, Ceravolo A, Concolino D, De Sarro R, Cuppari C, Gitto E, Clemenza F, Di Carlo D. Genetics and cardiovascular disease. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2020; 34:17-22. SPECIAL ISSUE: FOCUS ON PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY. [PMID: 33000595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Loddo
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services Department - Clinical Pathology, Microbiology and Virology Laboratory - Medical Genetics Unit. IRCCS - ISMETT (Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies) Palermo, Italy
| | - F Barbera
- Research Department. IRCCS - ISMETT (Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies) Palermo, Italy
| | - G Di Gesaro
- Department for Care and Study of Cardiothoracic Pathologies and Cardiothoracic Transplants - Cardiology Unit. IRCCS - ISMETT (Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies) Palermo, Italy
| | - M C Cutrupi
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - M P Calabrò
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - G Ceravolo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - S M C Gramaglia
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | | | - D Concolino
- Department of Science of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Pediatric Unit, University of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - R De Sarro
- Department of Science of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Pediatric Unit, University of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - C Cuppari
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - E Gitto
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy, Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
| | - F Clemenza
- Department for Care and Study of Cardiothoracic Pathologies and Cardiothoracic Transplants - Cardiology Unit. IRCCS - ISMETT (Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies) Palermo, Italy
| | - D Di Carlo
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services Department - Clinical Pathology, Microbiology and Virology Laboratory - Medical Genetics Unit. IRCCS - ISMETT (Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies) Palermo, Italy
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Cuppari C, Amatruda M, Ceravolo G, Ceravolo MD, Oreto L, Colavita L, Barbalace A, Calabrò MP, Salpietro C. Myocarditis in children - from infection to autoimmunity. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2020; 34:37-41. SPECIAL ISSUE: FOCUS ON PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY. [PMID: 33000598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Cuppari
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - M Amatruda
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - G Ceravolo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - M D Ceravolo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - L Oreto
- Mediterranean Pediatric Cardiology Center, San Vincenzo Hospital, Taormina, Italy
| | - L Colavita
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - A Barbalace
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - M P Calabrò
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
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Colavita L, Cucinotta U, Galletta F, Chimenz R, Nicocia G, Giannitto N, Ceravolo G, Sturiale M, Ceravolo A, Salpietro C, Cuppari C. Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus and heart in children. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2020; 34:59-62. SPECIAL ISSUE: FOCUS ON PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY. [PMID: 33000602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Colavita
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - U Cucinotta
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - F Galletta
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - R Chimenz
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - G Nicocia
- Department of clinical and Experimental medicine, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - N Giannitto
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - G Ceravolo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - M Sturiale
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | | | - C Salpietro
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - C Cuppari
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
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Scavone M, Tallarico V, Stefanelli E, Parisi F, De Sarro R, Salpietro C, Ceravolo G, Sestito S, Pensabene L, Chimenz R, Calabrò MP, Gitto E, Giancotti L, Concolino D. Cardiac malformations in children with congenital hypothyroidism. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2020; 34:91-97. SPECIAL ISSUE: FOCUS ON PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY. [PMID: 33000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common endocrine disease in children, according to literature, infants with CH have an increased risk of associated congenital malformations (CM), especially cardiac defects (CD), compared to the general population. We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 255 patients with a positive screening result for CH in the period 1991-2016 followed at our Center. At the time of enrollment, the clinical examination included looking for the presence of heart murmurs and dysmorphic features. In all patients an echocardiography with cardiological evaluation were performed. Of all patients, 191 were included in the final analysis. Of these, 51.3% (98/191) presented an eutopic normally sized thyroid gland while 48.7% (93/191) showed a thyroid dysgenesis. Among the studied infants, 13.6% (26/191) presented CD. The most frequent cardiac anomaly was atrial septal defect (ASD) which was found in 65.4% (17/26) of patients with CD. Other defects were ventricular septal defect (VSD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), pulmonary valve stenosis (PvS), transposition of the great vessels (TGV), aortic valve stenosis (AvS). Six patients had multiple defects. In the analysed group, there was no significant relation with sex, type of CH, median blood-TSH (b-TSH) and serum-TSH (s-TSH) values and frequency of CD. There is a high prevalence of CD in CH, indicating the need of routine echocardiography in these patients to achieve an early diagnosis and management of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Scavone
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Science of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - V Tallarico
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Science of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - E Stefanelli
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Science of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - F Parisi
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Science of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - R De Sarro
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Science of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - G Ceravolo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - S Sestito
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Science of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - L Pensabene
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Science of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - R Chimenz
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology with Dialysis, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - M P Calabrò
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - E Gitto
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - L Giancotti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Science of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - D Concolino
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Science of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Ceravolo G, Fusco M, Salpietro C, Concolino D, De Sarro R, La Macchia T, Ceravolo A, Oreto L, Colavita L, Chimenz R, Sturiale M, Gitto E, Calabrò MP, Cuppari C. Hypertension in childhood. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2020; 34:3-9. SPECIAL ISSUE: FOCUS ON PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY. [PMID: 33000593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a growing health problem in children, and it is an important parameter of cardiovascular risk for adults. It is classified as primary (influenced by obesity, sedentary lifestyles and poor-quality food) or secondary to underlying causes. The AAP 2017 guidelines recommend measuring blood pressure every year from the age of three and in children under the age of three only if they have known risk factors. The measurement of infantile hypertension is relatively complicated and instable and, for this reason, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and multiple office BP measurement (mOBPM), especially in infants who are not collaborating are indicated. High blood pressure may have an adverse effect on the heart, the vessels, the kidney, and the central nervous system so it is important recognize it and act promptly. Hypertension is initially treated with lifestyle changes such as weight loss, a healthy diet, and regular exercise, but, if non-pharmacological interventions have failed, a pharmacological treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, thiazide diuretics and/or beta blocker may be indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ceravolo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - M Fusco
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - D Concolino
- Department of Science of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Pediatric Unit, University of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - R De Sarro
- Department of Science of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Pediatric Unit, University of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - T La Macchia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, University of 5 Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Messina, Italy
| | | | - L Oreto
- Mediterranean Pediatric Cardiology Center, San Vincenzo Hospital, Taormina, Italy
| | - L Colavita
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - R Chimenz
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, and Rheumatology with Dialysis, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - M Sturiale
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - E Gitto
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M P Calabrò
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - C Cuppari
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
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Cuppari C, Ceravolo G, Ceravolo MD, Sestito S, Nicocia G, Chimenz R, Salpietro C, Calabrò MP. Covid-19 and cardiac involvement in childhood: state of the art. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2020; 34:121-125. SPECIAL ISSUE: FOCUS ON PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY. [PMID: 33000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first described in a cluster of patients in Wuhan, China, in December of 2019. Over the past few months, COVID-19 has rapidly spread worldwide becoming the first pandemic of the 21st century. COVID-19 results in mild symptoms in most infected children but can cause acute cardiac injury and death. In comparison to younger children, teenagers and infants are at higher risk for morbidity and mortality, with particular risk factors including pre-existing conditions like cardiovascular disease. Since this is an emerging infectious disease, there are limited data about the effects of this infection on patients especially in the pediatric population. We summarize here with the data on cardiovascular involvement in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cuppari
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - G Ceravolo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - M D Ceravolo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - S Sestito
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Science of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - G Nicocia
- Department of clinical and Experimental medicine, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - R Chimenz
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology with Dialysis, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
| | - M P Calabrò
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy
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D'Angelo G, Marseglia L, Salvo V, Calabrò MP, Fede C, Chimenz R, Cuppari C, Salpietro C, Gitto E. Renal oxidative injury in newborns. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2019; 33:75-78. Special Issue: Focus on Pediatric Nephrology. [PMID: 31630718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G D'Angelo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Italy
| | - L Marseglia
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Italy
| | - V Salvo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Italy
| | - M P Calabrò
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - C Fede
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology with Dialysis, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino"Messina, Italy
| | - R Chimenz
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology with Dialysis, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino"Messina, Italy
| | - C Cuppari
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - E Gitto
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Italy
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11
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Arrigo T, Stroscio G, Impollonia D, Salvo V, Scuderi MG, Di Benedetto V, Betta P, Fusco M, Sallemi A, Fede C, Calabrò MP, Salpietro C, Chimenz R. Cardiac dysfunction in children with essential obesity: preliminary data. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2019; 33:79-85. Special Issue: Focus on Pediatric Nephrology. [PMID: 31630719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity in children has been recognized as a major underlying factor of the pathogenesis of several diseases and a reduced life expectancy. This study aims to verify if clinical parameters, such as waist circumference and/or body mass index and biohumoral and inflammatory parameters can help predict cardiac structural and functional alterations, through an echocardiogram test in obese children and adolescents. Children were prospectively enrolled at the AUOC outpatients' department of Emergency Paediatrics, University Hospital, Messina, from June to December 2017. Clinical, metabolic parameters and an inflammation marker (HMGB1) were evaluated and a transthoracic echocardiogram was carried out. Twenty-two obese subjects were prospectively enrolled.HMGB1 values were 12.6 ± 2ng/ml, significantly higher compared to a previously studied healthy control group. A significant positive correlation was found both between total cholesterol levels and HMGB1 values (r=0.846, p=0.000) and between LDL cholesterol and HMBG1 values (r=0.663, p=0.001). No correlation was found between clinical, biohumoral and echocardiograph parameters. In obese children cardiac parameters obtained from echocardiogram tests may be in the normal range. However, other parameters may be altered in the early phase, showing that infantile obesity can compromise myocardial functions, even in the absence of comorbidities. Furthermore, the evaluation of concentrations of HMBG1 could explain how an initial inflammation can trigger the condition of meta-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Arrigo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology with Dialysis, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - G Stroscio
- Radiodiagnostic Unit C.O.T., Messina, Italy
| | | | - V Salvo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Italy
| | - M G Scuderi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele" of Catania, Italy
| | - V Di Benedetto
- Department of Pediatric Surgery "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele" of Catania, Italy
| | - P Betta
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele" of Catania, Italy
| | - M Fusco
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - A Sallemi
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - C Fede
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - M P Calabrò
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Messina, Policlinico "G.Martino"Messina, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - R Chimenz
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology with Dialysis, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
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12
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Passanisi S, D'Angelo G, Marseglia L, De Cola C, Granese R, Conti G, Betta P, Cutrupi MC, Fede C, Chimenz R, Salpietro C, Gitto E. Renal anomalies in newborns with vacterel association: case series and literature review. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2019; 33:53-58. Special Issue: Focus on Pediatric Nephrology. [PMID: 31630714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nocturnal enuresis (NE) was defined by the World Health Organization (ICD-10) and the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-5) as bed-wetting in children aged >5 years. In cases of mental retardation, the developmental age may be equivalent to 5 years. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge about the etiology of enuresis and the most recent therapeutical options. Both non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapies are included, although the relative effectiveness of each remains uncertain. To date, motivational, alarm and drug therapies are the mainstay of treatment. Alarm therapy remains the first-line treatment modality for NE, while desmopressin is the most commonly used medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Passanisi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Italy
| | - G D'Angelo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - L Marseglia
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Italy
| | - C De Cola
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Italy
| | - R Granese
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Italy
| | - G Conti
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology with Dialysis, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - P Betta
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele" of Catania, Italy
| | - M C Cutrupi
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - C Fede
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology with Dialysis, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - R Chimenz
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology with Dialysis, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - E Gitto
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Italy
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13
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Chimenz R, Sallemi A, Fusco M, Cannavò L, Salvo V, Marseglia L, Cucinotta U, Gitto E, Concolino D, Arrigo T, Salpietro C. Local therapy with ozone in the management of the exit site in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2019; 33:91-94. Special Issue: Focus on Pediatric Nephrology. [PMID: 31630721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The natural history of children with end stage renal disease is dialysis until a transplant can be done. There are two types of dialysis: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis (1). Peritoneal dialysis is preferred in young children because getting the vascular access for hemodialysis is challenging (2). Catheters should be surgically placed in a paramedian or lateral abdominal region with an extremity located in Douglas' pouch.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chimenz
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology with Dialysis, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - A Sallemi
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - M Fusco
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - L Cannavò
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - V Salvo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Italy
| | - L Marseglia
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Italy
| | - U Cucinotta
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - E Gitto
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Italy
| | - D Concolino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - T Arrigo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
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14
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Colavita L, Salpietro C, Cuppari C, Sallemi A, Di Benedetto V, Concolino D, Marseglia L, D'Angelo G, Gitto E, Betta P, Fede C, Conti G, Chimenz R. Nephrotic syndrome: immunological mechanisms. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2019; 33:13-18. Special Issue: Focus on Pediatric Nephrology. [PMID: 31630708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) is a rare diseases (around 2-7 cases per 100.000 children per year) characterized by proteinuria ≥50 mg/kg/day (or ≥40 mg/m2/h) or a proteinuria/creatininuria ratio >2 (mg/mg); hypoalbuminaemia less than 25 g/l and edema. The protein leakage, with the consequent hypoalbunaemia and edema, due to podocyte alterations may be caused by genetic diseases, immunological mechanisms, infections, toxins or malignancy. However, most commonly the exact etiology is unknow. The idiopathic NS may be classified based on response to corticosteroid therapy or the hytological appearance. The first classification identifies steroid-resistant NS (no response after 4 weeks of steroid therapy); frequently relapsing NS (≥ 2 relapses in first 6 months or ≥4 relapses in 1-year); steroid dependent NS (relapses during steroid decalage or within 2 weeks from steroid therapy interruption). The hystological classification is based on light and electron microscopy after renal biopsy, which is indicated in case of onset disease before 1 year or after 12 years of age. Macroscopic hematuria: persistent hypertension and/or microscopic hematuria and/or low plasma C3 renal failure not related to hypovolemia; steroid resistence: secondary or relatedsyndromes NS. Minimal change disease (MCD) is the most common form of idiopahtic NS in children, with good response to steroid treatment, and it is characterized by normal glomerular appearance on light microscopy and evidence of podocyte foot alterations on electron microscopy, due to immunological related damage. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is described inidiopahtic NS, particularly in steroiddependent or steroid-resistant forms, and is characterized by evidence of focal glomerular damage with secondary sclerosis and adhesion with Bowman's capsule; the electron appearance is the same of MCD one. Recent authors hypotizethat the FSGS is an evolution of MCD. These 2 idiopathic NS forms may be expression of the same immunological disease, with 2 different severity grades; so they may be considered different moments of the same disease spectrum. Less common idiopathic NS forms are membrano proliferative glomerulonephritis; membranous nephropathy; IgM-nephropathy; C1q nephropathy and thin basement membrane disease (1, 2, 3).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Colavita
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - C Cuppari
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - A Sallemi
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - V Di Benedetto
- Department of Pediatric Surgery "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele" of Catania, Italy
| | - D Concolino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - L Marseglia
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Italy
| | - G D'Angelo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Italy
| | - E Gitto
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Italy
| | - P Betta
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele" of Catania, Italy
| | - C Fede
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology with Dialysis, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino"Messina, Italy
| | - G Conti
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology with Dialysis, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino"Messina, Italy
| | - R Chimenz
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology with Dialysis, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
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15
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Sallemi A, Stroscio G, Impollonia D, Arrigo T, Di Benedetto V, Salvo V, Marseglia L, Scuderi MG, Calabrò MP, Fede C, Cuppari C, Salpietro C, Chimenz R. Failure to thrive: the importance of measuring the electrolytes. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2019; 33:3-5. Special Issue: Focus on Pediatric Nephrology. [PMID: 31630706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes insipidus (DI) is characterized by hypoosmotic polyuria related to deficiency of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) secretion (centraldiabetesinsipidus, CDI) or renalinsensitivity to AVP (nephrogenicdiabetesinsipidus, NDI). We report a case of a child with congenital NDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sallemi
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - G Stroscio
- Radiodiagnostic Unit C.O.T. Messina, Italy
| | | | - T Arrigo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - V Di Benedetto
- Department of Pediatric Surgery "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele" of Catania, Italy
| | - V Salvo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Italy
| | - L Marseglia
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Italy
| | - M G Scuderi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele" of Catania, Italy
| | - M P Calabrò
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - C Fede
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology with Dialysis, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - C Cuppari
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - R Chimenz
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology with Dialysis, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
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16
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Ferraù F, Romeo PD, Puglisi S, Ragonese M, Spagnolo F, Salpietro C, Ientile R, Currò M, Visalli G, Alibrandi A, Picerno IAM, Cannavò S. GSTP1 gene methylation and AHR rs2066853 variant predict resistance to first generation somatostatin analogs in patients with acromegaly. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:825-831. [PMID: 30488289 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0988-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Biomarkers of clinical and therapeutic outcome in acromegaly are needed. Polymorphisms or epigenetic changes of detoxification genes, such as those coding for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and the glutathione-S-transferase-P1 (GSTP1), could have a role in GH secreting pituitary tumors' pathophysiology and clinical expression. In this study, we assessed the contribution of GSTP1 gene promoter methylation status, per se or in combination with the occurrence of the AHR gene rs2066853 variant, on clinical features and response to somatostatin analogs (SSA) treatment in acromegaly patients. METHODS This is an observational, retrospective study, carried out in the Endocrine Unit of an Italian University Hospital. We enrolled 77 wild-type AIP gene acromegaly patients, who have been screened for germline AHR rs2066853 variant and GSTP1 gene promoter methylation. Clinical and biochemical parameters were compared after patients' stratification according to GSTP1 methylation status and the presence of AHR rs2066853. We also evaluated the response to SSA treatment in 71 cases. RESULTS 17 patients carried the AHR rs2066853 variant and 26 had methylated GSTP1 (GSTP1-methyl) gene promoter. GSTP1-methyl patients showed a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.01), colonic polyps (p = 0.05), and were more resistant to SSA (p = 0.02) as compared to GSTP1 unmethylated patients (GSTP1-unmethyl). Patients GSTP1-unmethyl and AHR wild-type were the most sensitive to SSA treatment, while those with both GSTP1-methyl and AHR rs2066853 variant were all resistant to SSA (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In acromegaly, GSTP1 gene methylation associates with resistance to SSA treatment, especially in patients carrying also the AHR rs2066853 variant, and with increased prevalence of colonic polyps and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ferraù
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - P D Romeo
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Puglisi
- Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital 'G. Martino', Messina, Italy
| | - M Ragonese
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - F Spagnolo
- Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital 'G. Martino', Messina, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - R Ientile
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M Currò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G Visalli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - A Alibrandi
- Department of Economics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - I A M Picerno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Cannavò
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital 'G. Martino', Messina, Italy
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17
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Manti S, Parisi GF, Giacchi V, Sciacca P, Tardino L, Cuppari C, Salpietro C, Chikermane A, Leonardi S. Pilot study shows right ventricular diastolic function impairment in young children with obstructive respiratory disease. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:740-744. [PMID: 30194783 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study determined cardiovascular impairment in young children with obstructive respiratory disease who were assessed using the opening interrupter technique (RINT). METHODS This pilot study enrolled 41 children who had been referred to pulmonology and allergology specialists at the University of Catania, Italy, from March to July 2017: 23 (mean age 4.13 ± 0.62 years) had chronic coughs and wheezing and 18 controls (mean age 4.27 ± 0.66 years) had obstructive chest disease, but were otherwise healthy. Airway resistance was evaluated using RINT and cardiac function by studying the ejection fraction, pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and tricuspid flow propagation velocity (TFPV). RESULTS The RINT and PASP values were significantly higher in the patient group when compared to the controls, but the TFPV values were lower. A direct and significant Spearman's correlation coefficient (r) between RINT and PASP values was observed (r = 0.81). We found a significant inverse correlation between RINT and TFPV (r = -0.83), as well as TFPV and PASP (r = -0.78). CONCLUSION This study showed that children with obstructive respiratory diseases had a major risk of cardiovascular impairment. Impaired diastolic function of the right ventricle occurred very early when airway resistance was abnormally increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Manti
- Department of Pediatrics; Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - G F Parisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - V Giacchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - P Sciacca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - L Tardino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - C Cuppari
- Department of Pediatrics; Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Pediatrics; Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - A Chikermane
- Heart Unit; Birmingham Children's Hospital; National Health Service Foundation Trust; Birmingham UK
| | - S Leonardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Catania; Catania Italy
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18
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Gangemi S, Manti S, Procopio V, Casciaro M, Di Salvo E, Cutrupi M, Ganci G, Salpietro C, Chimenz R, Cuppari C. Lack of clear and univocal genotype-phenotype correlation in familial Mediterranean fever patients: A systematic review. Clin Genet 2018; 94:81-94. [PMID: 29393966 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most common autosomal recessive autoinflammatory disease. To date, following the isolation of more than 280 MEFV sequence variants, the genotype-phenotype correlation in FMF patients has been intensively investigated; however, an univocal and clear consensus has not been yet reached. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to analyze the available literature findings in order to provide to scientific community an indirect estimation of the impact of genetic factors on the phenotypic variability of FMF. This systematic review has been conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The p.M694V mutation was reported to have a relatively severe clinical course, similarly, patients homozygous for M694I and M680I, or carrying a combination of both at codons 694 and 680, have a severe disease. Also, patients homozygous for M694V and V726A variants experienced more severe clinical picture. Conversely, heterozygous p.V726A and p.E148Q genotypes have been correlated with a milder disease course. At present, doubts remain on the potential pathogenic role of E148Q variant. The heterogenity in clinical FMF manifestations reflects the changes occuring in repertoire of mutations. We believe that clinical criteria and gene tests, enhancing each other, could better support the diagnosis of FMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Manti
- Department of Pediatric, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - V Procopio
- Department of Pediatric, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M Casciaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - E Di Salvo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M Cutrupi
- Department of Pediatric, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G Ganci
- Department of Pediatric, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Pediatric, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - R Chimenz
- Department of Pediatrics, Nephrology Unit, University School of Medicine, Messina, Italy
| | - C Cuppari
- Department of Pediatric, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Procopio V, Manti S, Bianco G, Conti G, Romeo A, Maimone F, Arrigo T, Cutrupi M, Salpietro C, Cuppari C. Genotype-phenotype correlation in FMF patients: A “non classic” recessive autosomal or “atypical” dominant autosomal inheritance? Gene 2018; 641:279-286. [PMID: 29080837 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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20
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Manti S, Leonardi S, Panasiti I, Arrigo T, Salpietro C, Cuppari C. Serum IL-10, IL-17 and IL-23 levels as "bioumoral bridges" between dyslipidemia and atopy. Cytokine 2017; 99:43-49. [PMID: 28692864 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several studies suggest a possible link between dyslipidemia and atopy, literature findings are still unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between dyslipidemia and atopy in a pediatric population affected by dyslipidemia or dyslipidemia/atopic predisposition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Children with dyslipidemia, dyslipidemia and atopy as well as healthy children were recruited. Serum total IgE, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-23 levels as well as fasting lipid values (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides) were performed on all enrolled children. RESULTS The present study evaluated 23 patients affected by dyslipidemia, 26 patients affected by atopy and dyslipidemia and, 22healthy children. Serum total IgE levels significantly related also with serum cholesterol levels: positively with total cholesterol (p<0.05), LDL (p<0.05), and tryglicerides (p<0.001), but negatively with HDL (p<0.05). Serum levels of IL-10 were lower in children with atopy and dyslipidemia than patients with dyslipidemia (p<0.001). Serum IL-10 levels significantly related also with serum cholesterol levels: negatively with total cholesterol (p<0.001), LDL (p<0.05), and triglycerides (p<0.05), but positively with HDL (p<0.05). Serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels showed the same trend. They were significantly higher in children with atopy and dyslipidemia than patients with dyslipidemia (p<0.001). In particular, serum IL-17 and IL-23 values positively correlated with serum total IgE levels (p<0.05); serum total cholesterol levels (p<0.001); serum LDL levels (p<0.001); serum triglycerides levels (p<0.05). Although not statistically significant, an inverse correlation has been noted between serum IL-17, IL-23 and HDL levels. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the notion that dyslipidemia and atopic predisposition share the same immune pathways as well as they offer new insights in the complex crosstalk between hyperlipidemia and atopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Manti
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - S Leonardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - I Panasiti
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - T Arrigo
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Cuppari
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Marseglia L, Manti S, D Angelo G, Stroscio G, Impollonia D, Arena S, Salpietro C, Gitto E. Human herpesviruses-6 and -7 encephalitis in immunocompetent infants: are they really so uncommon? J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2016; 30:1131-1136. [PMID: 28078864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Human herpesviruses-6 and -7 (HHV-6 and 7) are considered uncommon causes of central nervous system infection and may occasionally cause encephalitis in young infants, however, the clinical syndrome and incidence are not well defined. In immunosuppressed hosts, reactivation is associated with a worse outcome such as encephalitis, hepatitis, or graft rejection. In immunocompetent hosts, this persistent infection is generally of no consequence. We report 4 cases of immunocompetent critically ill children, affected by HHV-6 and -7 encephalitis, admitted to our Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. In three patients, herpesvirus polymerase chain reaction in blood and cerebrospinal fluid was positive for HHV- 6, while one patient was positive for HHV-7. In our cases, a typical clinical picture of viral infection was not present but neurological symptoms were predominant. In all 4 children, neurological involvement rapidly regressed after acyclovir therapy. In this report, we offer evidence that HHV-6 and -7 primary infections can cause several clinical manifestations, such as encephalitis, also in immunocompetent hosts. In our experience, children with neurological symptoms suggestive of viral encephalitis should be fully investigated for these two viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Marseglia
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age Gaetano Barresi University of Messina, Italy
| | - S Manti
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age Gaetano Barresi University of Messina, Italy
| | - G D Angelo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age Gaetano Barresi University of Messina, Italy
| | - G Stroscio
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age Gaetano Barresi University of Messina, Italy
| | - D Impollonia
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age Gaetano Barresi University of Messina, Italy
| | - S Arena
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age Gaetano Barresi University of Messina, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age Gaetano Barresi University of Messina, Italy
| | - E Gitto
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age Gaetano Barresi University of Messina, Italy
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Arrigo T, Cutroneo PM, Vaccaro M, Impollonia D, Squadrito V, Mecchio A, Salpietro C, Altavilla D. Lateralized exanthem mimicking figurate inflammatory dermatosis of infancy after methimazole therapy. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 29:707-711. [PMID: 27272160 DOI: 10.1177/0394632016652412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported a case of an 11-year-old girl admitted to our hospital for goiter, tachycardia, sweating, and visible and palpable thyroid. Thyroid function tests revealed a low thyrotropin level (<0.004 mIU/L) and elevated free thyroxine level (3.4 ng/ dL) diagnosed with Graves' disease and treated with methimazole. This anti-thyroid drug is recommended as first-line treatment in children with Graves' disease because it produces minor adverse effects with respect to propylthiouracil. She developed a lateralized exanthem mimicking figurate inflammatory dermatosis of infancy after methimazole therapy. The symptoms resolved after discontinuation of methimazole and treatment with an antihistamine and a corticosteroid. Furthermore, the treatment was changed to propylthiouracil without any adverse effects. According to current literature this is the first case of cutaneous figurate erythema related to methimazole, different from other well-known reactions such as skin eruption or urticaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Arrigo
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Developmental Evolutive Age, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - P M Cutroneo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M Vaccaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - D Impollonia
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Developmental Evolutive Age, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - V Squadrito
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Developmental Evolutive Age, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - A Mecchio
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Developmental Evolutive Age, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - D Altavilla
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Colavita L, Cuppari C, Pizzino MR, Sturiale M, Mondello B, Monaco F, Barone M, Salpietro C. Pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema and pneumorrhachis in asthmatic children. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2016; 30:585-588. [PMID: 27358152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pneumomediastinum (PM), subcutaneous emphysema (SE) and pneumorrhachis (also known as epidural air (EDA) or epidural emphysema) are very rare findings in children. PM is defined as the passage of air from intra-alveolar space to interstitium and, later, to the mediastinum. From the mediastinum, the air may catch up subcutaneous tissue (usually of the neck) and/or epidural space via the cervical fascial planes and neural foramina, forming respectively SE and EDA. The PM can be divided in spontaneous (or idiopathic) and secondary PM. Only few studies have evaluated the exact incidence of PM and its complications in children, and to define the correct diagnostic work up, treatment and outpatient follow-up. We report the case of a 9-year-old child with undiagnosed asthma that, during severe asthmatic flare secondary to acute infection of high airway, developed PM, SE and EDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Colavita
- Department of Genetics and Paediatric Immunology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Cuppari
- Department of Genetics and Paediatric Immunology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M R Pizzino
- Department of Genetics and Paediatric Immunology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M Sturiale
- Department of Genetics and Paediatric Immunology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - B Mondello
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - F Monaco
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M Barone
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Genetics and Paediatric Immunology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Cuppari C, Manti S, Salpietro A, Valenti S, Capizzi A, Arrigo T, Salpietro C, Leonardi S. HMGB1 levels in children with atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS). Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2016; 27:99-102. [PMID: 26388323 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Cuppari
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Manti
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - A Salpietro
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Valenti
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - A Capizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Broncho-Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - T Arrigo
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Leonardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Broncho-Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Cuppari C, Manti S, Salpietro A, Dugo G, Gitto E, Arrigo T, Sturiale M, Salpietro C. ALMOND MILK: A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC WEAPON AGAINST COWS MILK PROTEIN ALLERGY. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2015; 29:8-12. [PMID: 26634581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Food allergy is defined as an adverse health effect arising from a specific immune response that occurs reproducibly following exposure to a given food. Cows milk protein allergy results from an immunological reaction to one or more milk proteins. The principle key in the treatment of cows milk protein allergy is the dietary elimination of cows milk protein. Although hydrolyzed and elemental formulas are appropriate replacements, other milk products, including almond milk adequately integrated, could be administered. Here, in the light of encouraging results from our study, we focused on the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of almond milk and we also believe that almond milk might be considered as a potential alternative in cows milk protein allergy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cuppari
- Department of Pediatric Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Manti
- Department of Pediatric Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - A Salpietro
- Department of Pediatric Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G Dugo
- Department of Food Chemical, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - E Gitto
- Department of Pediatric Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - T Arrigo
- Department of Pediatric Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M Sturiale
- Department of Pediatric Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Pediatric Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Manti S, Chimenz R, Salpietro A, Colavita L, Pennisi P, Pidone C, Sturiale M, Arrigo T, Miraglia Del Giudice M, Salpietro C, Cuppari C. ATOPIC DERMATITIS: EXPRESSION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL IMBALANCE. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2015; 29:13-17. [PMID: 26634582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic relapsing-remitting inflammatory skin condition, characterized by a skin barrier dysfunction resulting in epidermal damage and altered permeability to allergens and microbes. Although pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis is complex and still not fully understood, it has been hypothesized that genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and skin barrier dysfunction are involved. Innate and adaptive immune system has also a pivotal role in the development, maintenance and flare-up of atopic dermatitis. The immune-pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis is determined by the impairment of different T helper cells, of their cytokine secretion profiles as well as of their specific receptor. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of the etiopathogenetic pathways of atopic dermatitis in relationship to the critical role of the innate and adaptive immune system, providing a unifying view.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Manti
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - R Chimenz
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - A Salpietro
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - L Colavita
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - P Pennisi
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - C Pidone
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - M Sturiale
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - T Arrigo
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - M Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department Donna del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università di Napoli, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - C Cuppari
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Italy
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Marseglia L, Manti S, D'Angelo G, Arrigo T, Cuppari C, Salpietro C, Gitto E. POTENTIAL USE OF MELATONIN IN PROCEDURAL ANXIETY AND PAIN IN CHILDREN UNDERGOING BLOOD WITHDRAWAL. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2015; 29:509-514. [PMID: 26122244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The recognition of the value of pain, especially in the pediatric population, has increased over the last decade. It is known that pain-related anxiety can increase perceived pain intensity. There are several different approaches to the treatment of pre-procedural anxiety and procedural pain in children. Melatonin, a neurohormone with the profile of a novel hypnotic-anaesthetic agent, plays an important role in anxiolysis and analgesia. This study investigated the effects of oral melatonin premedication to reduce anxiety and pain in children having blood samples taken. The investigations were carried out on 60 children, aged 1-14 years, divided into 2 equal groups. Using a computer-generated randomization schedule, patients were given either melatonin orally (0.5 mg/kg BW, max 5 mg) or placebo 30 min before blood draw. Pre-procedural anxiety was assessed using the scale from the Childrens Anxiety and Pain Scales, while procedural pain used the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability assessment tool for children under the age of 3 years, Faces Pain Scale-Revised for children aged 3-8 years and Numeric Rating Scale for children over the age of 8 years. Oral administration of melatonin before the blood withdrawal procedure significantly reduced both anxiety (p<0.0005) and pain levels than placebo (p<0.0002 for children under 3 years and p<0.0039 for children over 3 years). These data support the use of melatonin for taking blood samples due to its anxiolytic and analgesic properties. Further studies are needed to support the routine use of melatonin to alleviate anxiety and pain in pediatric patients having blood samples taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Marseglia
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of Messina, Italy
| | - S Manti
- Unit of Paediatric Genetics and Immunology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Messina, Italy
| | - G D'Angelo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of Messina, Italy
| | - T Arrigo
- Unit of Paediatric Genetics and Immunology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Messina, Italy
| | - C Cuppari
- Unit of Paediatric Genetics and Immunology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Messina, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Unit of Paediatric Genetics and Immunology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Messina, Italy
| | - E Gitto
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of Messina, Italy
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Colavita L, Miraglia Del Giudice M, Stroscio G, Visalli C, Alterio T, Pidone C, Pizzino MR, Arrigo T, Chimenz R, Salpietro C, Cuppari C. ALLERGIC RHINITIS AND ADENOID HYPERTROPHY IN CHILDREN: IS ADENOIDECTOMY ALWAYS REALLY USEFUL? J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2015; 29:58-63. [PMID: 26634589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) and adenoid hypertrophy (AH) are common in children and are often associated with each other. Recent studies have shown improvement of respiratory symptoms and reduction in the adenoid volume after anti-allergic medical therapy (intranasal corticosteroids, antihistamines). The aim of our retrospective study is to evaluate the effectiveness of adenoidectomy on respiratory symptoms in pediatric patients with AR. We recruited 404 pediatric patients with AR, and we divided them into 4 groups (1. intermittent-mild rhinitis; 2. intermittent-moderate/severe rhinitis; 3. persistent-mild rhinitis; 4. persistent-moderate/severe rhinitis), using ARIA classification. For each patient we evaluated: age at onset of AR; family history of allergy; the presence of other allergic diseases; serum total IgE values; skin prick test (SPT) results; presence of AH evaluated by rhino-laringeal fibroscopy; adenoidectomy and its efficacy on respiratory symptoms. Our data show an association between AR and AH: 90 of 404 (22%) children with AR had AH of a degree greater than 2nd. A significant percentage (80%) of children suffering from AR did not present satisfactory benefits from adenoidectomy. They reported persistence or recurrence of rhinitic symptoms after surgery or only partial benefits, especially of recurrent respiratory tract infections and nasal obstruction. The local allergic persistent inflammation on nasal mucosa and adenoid tissue is probably the cause of the unsatisfactory results of adenoidectomy, therefore surgery cannot be the first therapeutic step for these children. It is important to extinguish the local inflammation by medical anti-allergic therapy to obtain improvements of nasal symptoms and to prevent adenoid regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Colavita
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Genetics and Pediatric Immunology, University of Messina, Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - M Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department Donna del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università di Napoli, Italy
| | - G Stroscio
- Unit of Radiology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Visalli
- Unit of Radiology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - T Alterio
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Genetics and Pediatric Immunology, University of Messina, Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - C Pidone
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Genetics and Pediatric Immunology, University of Messina, Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - M R Pizzino
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Genetics and Pediatric Immunology, University of Messina, Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - T Arrigo
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Genetics and Pediatric Immunology, University of Messina, Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - R Chimenz
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Genetics and Pediatric Immunology, University of Messina, Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - C Cuppari
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Genetics and Pediatric Immunology, University of Messina, Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
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Marseglia L, Cuppari C, Manti S, D'Angelo G, Salpietro C, Reiter RJ, Gitto E. ATOPIC DERMATITIS: MELATONIN AS POTENTIAL TREATMENT. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2015; 29:142-149. [PMID: 26634600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing-remitting inflammatory skin disorder, characterized by a skin barrier dysfunction resulting in epidermal damage and altered permeability to allergens and microbes. Traditionally, the immunological mechanism involving the Th1-Th2 paradigm is considered central in the pathogenesis of AD. However, oxidative stress is, currently, recognized as a fundamental predisposing stimulus for AD. Several therapeutic approaches have been proposed as treatment, including the use of melatonin. This indolamine, through widespread expression and pleiotropic activity of the cutaneous melatoninergic system, may counteract environmental and endogenous stressors, regulate the immune response, decrease oxidative stress, and, finally, promote skin integrity. In the light of its pleiotropic effects, melatonin could represent a potential and alternative therapeutic approach in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Marseglia
- Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Italy
| | - C Cuppari
- Unit of Paediatric Genetics and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Italy
| | - S Manti
- Unit of Paediatric Genetics and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Italy
| | - G D'Angelo
- Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Unit of Paediatric Genetics and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Italy
| | - R J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - E Gitto
- Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Italy
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30
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Chirico V, Lacquaniti A, Vinci S, Piraino B, Manti S, Marseglia L, Salpietro A, Gitto E, Arrigo T, Salpietro C, Cuppari C. HIGH-MOBILITY GROUP BOX 1 IN ALLERGIC AND NON ALLERGIC UPPER AIRWAY INFLAMMATION. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2015; 29:55-57. [PMID: 26634588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1, an evolutionary ancient protein conserved in the eukaryotic kingdom, exerts intra- and extra- cellular functions, orchestrating a homeostatic defensive response in challenged tissues. Its action associated with various inflammatory cells is essential for the occurrence, progression, and persistence of asthma, rhinitis, and nasal polyposis. The recent discovery of High mobility group box 1, as a critical mediator of inflammation, stimulated an increasing interest in the field of inflammation research, suggesting new therapies for atopic and non-atopic inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Chirico
- Department of Pediatric Sciences, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - A Lacquaniti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Vinci
- Department of Pediatric Sciences, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - B Piraino
- Department of Pediatric Sciences, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - S Manti
- Department of Pediatric Sciences, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - L Marseglia
- Department of Pediatric Sciences, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - A Salpietro
- Department of Pediatric Sciences, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - E Gitto
- Department of Pediatric Sciences, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - T Arrigo
- Department of Pediatric Sciences, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Pediatric Sciences, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - C Cuppari
- Department of Pediatric Sciences, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Italy
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Leonardi S, Castro A, Lanzafame A, Parisi G, Filippelli M, Spicuzza L, Panasci G, Scalone G, Cuppari C, Miraglia Del Giudice M, Salpietro C. SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF SUBLINGUAL SPECIFIC IMMUNOTHERAPY TO HOUSE DUST MITE USING A DIFFERENT DOSAGE: A PILOT STUDY. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2015; 29:84-88. [PMID: 26634593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this randomized open study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of different dosages (2000 UI vs 4000 UI) of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in patients with allergic diseases such as asthma associated to rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis sensitized to house dust mites. We enrolled 61 patients with a history of allergic asthma, and a positive skin prick test for Dermatophagoides (D.) pteronyssinus/farinae. Patients were randomly assigned to receiving SLIT at dosage of 2000 UI (Group A) or 4000 UI (Group B) maintenance dose. We evaluated: subjective symptoms using a Visual Analogic Scale (VAS), the amount of prescribed symptomatic drugs, bronchial reactivity to methacoline and side effects using a specific questionnaire. A significant improvement in symptoms, assessed by VAS, was observed with both SLIT doses with no significant differences between groups. The provocation dose of methacoline inducing a 20% fall of FEV1 significantly increased after 12 months only in the 4000 UI dose group. In conclusion, both monomeric allergoid dosages of SLIT (2000 UI and 4000 UI) are a safe and efficacy option to reduce symptoms in patients with allergic asthma caused by house dust mites. Moreover, both dosages are efficacious even to protect against airway reactivity but it seems that monomeric allergoid of SLIT at higher dosage (4000 UI) is better than at the lower dosage (2000 UI).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Leonardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Unit of Broncho-Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Castro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Unit of Broncho-Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Lanzafame
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Unit of Broncho-Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G Parisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Unit of Broncho-Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Filippelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Unit of Broncho-Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - L Spicuzza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Unit of of Pneumology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G Panasci
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Civico - Di Cristina, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Scalone
- Unit of physiopathology and Allergoloy Hospital of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - C Cuppari
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of Women, Child and General and Special Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Chirico V, Lacquaniti A, Leonardi S, Grasso L, Rotolo N, Romano C, Di Dio G, Lionetti E, David A, Arrigo T, Salpietro C, La Rosa M. Acute pulmonary exacerbation and lung function decline in patients with cystic fibrosis: high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) between inflammation and infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 21:368.e1-9. [PMID: 25658530 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Airway inflammation plays a central role in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease, and biomarkers of inflammation, such as high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) could be used to monitor disease activity. The main aim of this study was to confirm the role of HMGB1 in CF patients, correlating its serum and sputum levels with pulmonary function and inflammation. Serum and sputum HMGB1 were evaluated in a cohort of 31 CF patients and 30 non-smoking healthy subjects (HS group). Acute pulmonary exacerbation events and lung function decline have been also evaluated during a 3-year follow-up period. Serum HMGB1 levels were significantly higher than those measured in HS, such as sputum HMGB1. Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that patients with high HMGB1 values experienced a significantly faster evolution to decline of lung function. A multiple Cox regression analysis assessed that an increase of serum HMGB1 was associated with 5% increased risk of pulmonary disease progression, whereas elevated sputum HMGB1 was related to a 10% increased risk of lung function decline. In CF patients, HMGB1 closely reflects the entity of pulmonary impairment and represents a strong and independent risk marker for progression of lung function decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Chirico
- Department of Pediatric Sciences, Genetics and Immunology Paediatrics Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - A Lacquaniti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Leonardi
- Pediatric Bronchopneumology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - L Grasso
- Department of Pediatric Sciences, Genetics and Immunology Paediatrics Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - N Rotolo
- Pediatric Bronchopneumology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - C Romano
- Department of Pediatric Sciences, Genetics and Immunology Paediatrics Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G Di Dio
- Pediatric Bronchopneumology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - E Lionetti
- Pediatric Bronchopneumology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A David
- Department of Neuroscience and Anesthesiology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - T Arrigo
- Department of Pediatric Sciences, Genetics and Immunology Paediatrics Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Pediatric Sciences, Genetics and Immunology Paediatrics Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M La Rosa
- Pediatric Bronchopneumology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Cannavo S, Ferrau F, Ragonese M, Romeo PD, Torre ML, Puglisi S, De Menis E, Arnaldi G, Salpietro C, Cotta OR, Albani A, Ruggeri RM, Trimarchi F. Increased frequency of the rs2066853 variant of aryl hydrocarbon receptor gene in patients with acromegaly. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 81:249-53. [PMID: 24521362 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway has a key role in cellular detoxification mechanisms and seems implicated in tumorigenesis. Moreover, polymorphisms and mutations of AHR gene have been associated with several human and animal tumours. Although AHR has been found differently expressed in pituitary adenomas, AHR gene mutation status has never been investigated in acromegalic patients. DESIGN In this study, we evaluated patients with apparently sporadic GH-secreting pituitary adenoma for AHR gene variants. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy patients with sporadic GH-secreting pituitary adenoma (M = 27, age 59.1 ± 1.6 years) and 157 sex- and age-matched controls were enrolled in the study. In all patients and controls, the exons 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 of AHR gene were evaluated for nucleotide variants by sequencing analysis. RESULTS The rs2066853 polymorphism was identified in the exon 10 of 18/70 acromegalic patients and 9/157 healthy subjects (25.7 vs. 5.7%, χ(2) = 18.98 P < 0.0001), in homozygosis in one patient and in heterozygosis in the other 17 and in the 9 healthy subjects. Moreover, a heterozygous rs4986826 variant in exon 10 was identified in a patient with heterozygous rs2066853 polymorphism, and in the patient with homozygous rs2066853 variant. This second polymorphism was not detected in the control group. Patients with rs2066853 polymorphism showed increased IGF-1 ULN (P < 0.05) and prevalence of cavernous sinus invasion (P = 0.05), thyroid (P = 0.02), bladder (P = 0.0001) or lymphohematopoietic (P < 0.05) tumours. CONCLUSIONS AHR gene rs2066853 polymorphism is significantly more frequent in acromegalic patients than in healthy subjects and is associated with increased disease aggressivity. Moreover, the rs4986826 variant was detected in few patients with rs2066853 polymorphism, but its role is to be cleared.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cannavo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Currò M, Montalto AS, Impellizzeri P, Montalto E, Risitano R, Russo T, Perrone P, Chirico V, Arrigo T, Salpietro C, Romeo C, Ientile R. CO(2) pneumoperitoneum induces in vitro hypoxic response culminating in apoptosis of human neuroblastoma cells. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2014; 28:497-506. [PMID: 25316137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ablative role of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in neuroblastoma (NB) is still controversial due to the possible CO₂ pneumoperitoneum side-effects on tumor aggressiveness. It is known that CO₂ produces hypoxic condition with changes in tumor microenvironment influencing cell functions. Here we investigated whether CO₂ exposure affects the transcription factor HIF-1α and the apoptotic signalling pathway in SH-SY5Y NB cells. SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to a pressure of 15 mmHg CO₂ (100%) for 4 h (T0) and then moved to normal condition for 24 h (T₂₄). In control and CO₂ -exposed cells, we analyzed the mRNA levels and DNA binding activity of HIF-1α. We also evaluated the proliferative activity and cell viability as well as caspase-9/3 cleavage and nuclear fragmentation. A significant increase in HIF- 1α activation was observed in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to CO₂ compared to control cells. CO₂ treatment also decreased the proliferation rate and the percentage of viable cells. In addition, the expression and cleavage of caspase-9 and -3 were significantly increased in NB cells exposed to CO₂. These data correlated with apoptotic feature observed in CO₂ -treated NB cells. Our findings show that CO₂ -induced hypoxic condition exerts cytotoxic effects on NB cells by eliciting mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and thereby improving the understanding of the possible clinical impact of CO₂ pneumoperitoneum on NB behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Currò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Italy
| | - A S Montalto
- Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - P Impellizzeri
- Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - E Montalto
- Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - R Risitano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Italy
| | - T Russo
- Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - P Perrone
- Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - V Chirico
- Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - T Arrigo
- Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - C Romeo
- Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - R Ientile
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Italy
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Chirico V, Lacquaniti A, Salpietro V, Buemi M, Salpietro C, Arrigo T. Central precocious puberty: from physiopathological mechanisms to treatment. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2014; 28:367-375. [PMID: 25316125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Puberty is a complex, coordinated biological process with multiple levels of regulations. The timing of puberty varies greatly in children and it is influenced by environmental, endocrine and genetic factors. Precocious puberty (PP) is an important issue, affecting between 1 in 5.000-10.000 children. The physiopathological mechanism is still unknown. From an etiological point of view, PP may be subdivided into gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) -dependent and independent causes. GnRH-dependent PP, often called central precocious puberty (CPP), is based on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activation associated with progressive pubertal development, accelerated growth rate and advancement of skeletal age. Conversely, peripheral precocious puberty (PPP) is related to sex steroid exposure, independently of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis activation. Kisspeptins play a central role in the modulation of GnRH secretion with peripheral factors that influence the timing of puberty, such as adipokines and endocrine disrupting chemicals. Moreover, PP could be related to genetic disorders, involving pivotal genes of the HPG axis. The standard test used to verify HPG activity is the gonadotropin response to administered GnRH analogs. We describe the physiopathological mechanisms of PP and its clinical implications, analysing diagnostic flow-chart and new potential biomarkers that could reveal PP. An update of the current literature was also carried out regarding the recent novelty for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Chirico
- Department of Pediatric Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - A Lacquaniti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - V Salpietro
- Department of Pediatric Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M Buemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Salpietro
- Department of Pediatric Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - T Arrigo
- Department of Pediatric Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Salpietro C, Cuppari C, Grasso L, Tosca MA, Miraglia Del Giudice M, La Rosa M, Marseglia GL, Salpietro A, Ciprandi G. Nasal high-mobility group box-1 protein in children with allergic rhinitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013; 161:116-21. [PMID: 23343652 DOI: 10.1159/000345246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR) is characterized by an inflammatory reaction. High-mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) has many characteristics similar to classic proinflammatory cytokines. No study has yet investigated its role in AR. The aim of this study was to measure HMGB1 levels in the fluid recovered from nasal lavage in children with untreated AR and in control subjects. MATERIALS The study was conducted on 104 AR subjects (48 males and 56 females, median age 10.3 ± 3.4 years) and 97 healthy children (42 males and 55 females) who were age-matched (median age 9.8 ± 4.1 years). Total serum immunoglobulin E, peripheral eosinophils and nasal symptoms assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) were considered. HMGB1 was measured using an ELISA assay. RESULTS HMGB1 levels in nasal lavage fluid were higher in AR children than in the control group (96.9 ± 19.3 vs. 9.27 ± 4.01 ng/ml; p < 0.001). There was a very strong relationship between HMGB1 levels and VAS values in AR children (r = 0.919). Considering the symptom severity assessed by VAS, there was a relationship between HMGB1 and VAS in all AR subgroups: more evident in the severe subgroup (r = 0.727). CONCLUSIONS Nasal HMGB1 has significantly increased in children with AR and is significantly related to symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Salpietro
- UOC Genetics and Immunology Paediatrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Ciprandi G, Capasso M, Tosca M, Salpietro C, Salpietro A, Marseglia G, Miraglia del Giudice M, La Rosa M. Rhinitis and lung function in asthmatic children. Clin Exp Allergy 2012; 42:481-2. [PMID: 22356146 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03908.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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39
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Marseglia GL, De Amici M, Marseglia A, Caimmi S, Miraglia Del Giudice M, Leoni MC, Salpietro C, Leonardi S, Brambilla I, Ciprandi G. Pentraxin 3 serum levels in children with atopic dermatitis. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2012; 26:S105-S108. [PMID: 22691256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PTX3 behaves as an acute-phase response protein as its blood levels rapidly and dramatically increase during endotoxic shock, sepsis, and other inflammatory and infectious conditions. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate a possible role of PTX3 in children with Atopic Dermatitis (AD). One-hundred-and-thirty-six patients (37 females, 99 males, mean age 10.4 years) were enrolled in the study. One hundred patients (74%) had only respiratory symptoms (allergic rhinitis and/or bronchial asthma); thirty-six patients (26%) showed dermatitis associated with respiratory allergy (allergic rhinitis and/or bronchial asthma). PTX3 levels were higher in children with AD and there was a significant correlation between serum PTX3 levels and SCORAD index (p-value=0.0001, rho=0.658). Therefore, this study may show that PTX3 might be a reliable marker for the severity of AD in children with respiratory allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Marseglia
- Department of Pediatrics, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy
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40
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Ciprandi G, Cuppari C, Salpietro A, Tosca M, Grasso L, Rigoli L, La Rosa M, Marseglia GL, Miraglia Del Giudice M, Salpietro C. Serum IL-23 in asthmatic children. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2012; 26:S53-S61. [PMID: 22691251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation that is controlled by a complex cytokine network. The Th1/Th2 imbalance has been well documented in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Recently, Th17 cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells have been found to participate in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. This study aimed at verifying whether anti-inflammatory treatment could change serum IL-4, IL-10 and IL-23 in asthmatic children. Globally, 78 children (40 males and 38 females, median age 9.3 +- 3.7 years), with asthma and monosensitized to house dust mites, were evaluated. Lung function (such as FEV1) and serum IL-4, IL-10 and IL-23 levels were measured at baseline (T0), after 4 weeks (T1) and after 12 weeks (T2) of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment. The control group consisted of 40 healthy children (22 males and 18 females) age matched. At baseline, IL-4 and IL-23 levels were higher in severe asthmatics than in control group (p less than 0.001), while serum IL-10 levels were significantly lower in group of asthmatic children as compared to healthy control group (p less than 0.001). At T2, IL-4 and IL-23 significantly diminished (p less than 0.001), while IL-10 significantly increased. There was significant relationship between FEV1 and IL-4, IL-10 and IL-23 at T0 (r=-0.784; r=-0.735 and r=-0.787, respectively). Moreover, there were correlations between FEV1 and IL-4, IL-10 and IL-23 in patients at T1 (r=-0.563; r=-0.539 and r=-0.583, respectively) and at T2 (r=-0.549; r=-0.428 and r=-0.393, respectively). The present study provided evidence that: i) serum IL-23 was up-regulated also in asthmatic children, ii) ICS treatment was able of reducing IL-23, and iii) IL-23 change well related with lung function improvement. Thus, it is presumable that IL-23 could be a suitable marker of allergic inflammation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ciprandi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Ciprandi G, Capasso M, Leonardi S, Lionetti E, La Rosa M, Salpietro C, Miraglia Del Giudice M, Cirillo I, Tosca M, Marseglia GL. Impaired FEF25-75 values may predict bronchial reversibility in allergic children with rhinitis or asthma. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2012; 26:S19-S25. [PMID: 22691246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
FEV1 is considered an important parameter for asthma diagnosis and follow-up. However, it has been proposed that FEF25-75 could be more sensitive than FEV1 to detect slight airways obstruction. Bronchial reversibility defined by positive response to bronchodilation test. The aim of the present study was to define whether an impaired FEF25-75 value (less than 65 percent of predicted) may be predictive for reversibility in a large cohort of allergic children with rhinitis or asthma. Six hundred allergic children were recruited: 300 with controlled asthma and 300 with allergic rhinitis. All of them were evaluated by performing spirometry, bronchodilation test, and skin prick test. Two predictors were significantly associated with bronchial reversibility: i) an impaired FEF25-75 value (less than 65 percent of predicted), and ii) sensitization to perennial allergens. It was more relevant in children with rhinitis (ORAdj:8.9 and 2.2 respectively). In conclusion, this study, conducted in real life, could suggest that an impaired FEF25-75 value (less than 65 percent of predicted) may be considered a reliable marker of bronchial reversibility, mainly in children with allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ciprandi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
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Vitaliti G, Leonardi S, Miraglia Del Giudice M, Salpietro A, Artusio L, Caimmi D, Arrigo T, Salpietro C, Ciprandi G, La Rosa M. Mucosal immunity and sublingual immunotherapy in respiratory disorders. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2012; 26:S85-S93. [PMID: 22691255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of allergy and its impact on individual quality of life underline the need of an improvement of the treatment options in order to modify the natural course of allergic diseases. In this context, specific sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) represents an approach currently available to redirect inappropriate immune response in atopic patients. The immunological mechanism that underlies SLIT has only started to be investigated. Oral mucosal tissue displays high permeability for allergens. It is conceivable that the sublingual administration route might induce immunological tolerance towards allergens involving cells and mediators specific of oral and intestinal mucosa. Recent literature data stated the presence in oral mucosa of dendritic cells (DCs) which express the high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin (Ig)E (FcERI). Moreover some studies indicated that the mechanism of immunotherapy might be based on the increase of number and activity of regulatory T cells. Accumulating evidences suggest that the generation of T regulatory cells in periphery is orchestrated by a particular subset of DCs. It seems that repeated stimulation of naive CD4 T cells with allogenic immature DCs induce Tr1 cells maturation. Nevertheless other cells are involved in this process, such as TLR, MHC of I and II class and costimolatory molecules such as CD40, CD 80/B7.1 and CD 86/B7.2. An increase of serum IgG4 and IgA, a reduced number of inflammatory cells infiltrating target organs, as well as a reduction of eosinophilic cationic protein and a very heterogenous influence on T cells in the peripheral blood in terms of T cell suppression also occur with SLIT. All these molecules orchestrate the immune response within the regional immune system, recreating a favourite environment for the induction of tolerance operated by SLIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vitaliti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Catania, Italy.
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Leonardi S, Vitaliti G, Marseglia GL, Caimmi D, Lionetti E, Miraglia Del Giudice M, Salpietro C, Spicuzza L, Ciprandi G, La Rosa M. Function of the airway epithelium in asthma. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2012; 26:S41-8. [PMID: 22691249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is traditionally defined as a chronic disease characterized by bronchial hyper-responsiveness and lung inflammation. The airway inflammation and remodelling together likely explain the clinical manifestations of asthma. The mechanisms by which the external environmental cues, together with the complex genetic actions, propagate the inflammatory process that characterizes asthma are beginning to be understood. There is also an evolving awareness of the active participation of structural elements, such as the airway epithelium, airway smooth muscle, and endothelium, in this process; these structural elements within the lung and the bone marrow serve as reservoirs for and the source of inflammatory cells and their precursors. Although often viewed as separate mechanistic entities, so-called innate and acquired immunity often overlap in the propagation of the asthmatic response. This review examines the newer information on the pathophysiologic characteristics of asthma and focuses on the role of airway epithelium in the exacerbation of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Leonardi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Catania, Italy
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Ciprandi G, Fenoglio G, Kalli F, De Amici M, Leonardi S, Miraglia Del Giudice M, Salpietro C, La Rosa M, Caimmi S, Marseglia GL. Patients with oral allergic syndrome to apple have intense proliferative response to BET V 1. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2012; 26:S113-S117. [PMID: 22691258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Patients with pollen allergy may frequently present an additional food-related allergy (Oral Allergic Syndrome, OAS), as consequence of cross-reactivity between pollen allergens (mainly birch, hazelnut, alder, mugwort) and vegetable allergens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on Bet v 1-induced T cell proliferation exerted by the presence of OAS in birch patients. Fourteen allergic patients were evaluated (6 males, mean age 35.8 years). All of them were monosensitized to birch and suffered from allergic rhinitis: 4 had also OAS to apple. Proliferation of peripheral mononuclear cells was evaluated using Bet v 1 and non-specific stimuli. OAS had higher proliferation than non-OAS patients. In addition, there were significant relationships between immunological and clinical parameters in OAS patients. This study evidences that OAS characterizes a more severe form of birch allergy: as OAS patients had higher SI, circulating eosinophils, and IgE levels. Thus, this study confirms the previous report and underlines the relevance of measuring recombinant birch allergen as higher values may suggest a reliable prediction of OAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ciprandi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
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45
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Ciprandi G, Salpietro A, Leonardi S, Tosca MA, Miraglia Del Giudice M, Salpietro C, La Rosa M, Cirillo I, Signori A, Marseglia GL. Impaired spirometry may suggest sensitization. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2012; 26:S15-S17. [PMID: 22691245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study confirms that sensitization is very frequent in the general population and suggests that impaired FEF25-75 may be a marker of sensitization. Therefore, when spirometry is abnormal, mainly concerning FEF25-75, sensitization should be suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ciprandi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
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46
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Lionetti E, Catassi C, Francavilla R, Miraglia Del Giudice M, Sciacca P, Arrigo T, Leonardi S, Salpietro A, Salpietro C, La Rosa M. Subclinic cardiac involvement in paediatric patients with celiac disease: a novel sign for a case finding approach. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2012; 26:S63-S68. [PMID: 22691252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to assess the prevalence of early cardiac involvement in children with celiac disease (CD), and the impact of a gluten free diet (GFD) on this issue. Sixty CD children was compared with a control group of 45 healthy children by an echocardiographic examination. CD patients were re-evaluated 1-year after 1-year GFD. Main outcome measures were ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVSD), any regurgitating valve lesions. Mild cardiac involvement was found in 13 CD children and in one control (21.7% vs. 2.2%; p=0.003), and was secondary to regurgitation of mitral valve, aortic valve, pulmonary and tricuspid valve, or to impaired ejection fraction. CD children as compared to controls had significantly lower contractility indices, and higher left ventricular dimensions. In patients adhering to the GFD all valve regurgitations resolved, and the echocardiographic parameters significantly improved. Subclinical cardiac involvement in CD children is quite frequent, and GFD may exert a beneficial effect on the overall cardiac performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lionetti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78095124- Bari, Italy.
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47
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Lionetti E, Francavilla R, Castellazzi AM, Arrigo T, Labò E, Leonardi S, Ciprandi G, Miraglia Del Giudice M, Salpietro V, Salpietro C, La Rosa M. Probiotics and Helicobacter pylori infection in children. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2012; 26:S69-S76. [PMID: 22691253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 50 percent of the world population is infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), with the highest prevalence rates in developing countries. The current guidelines suggest the use of triple therapy as first choice treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection, although the eradication failure rate is more than 30 percent. Current interest in probiotics as therapeutic agents against Helicobacter pylori is stimulated by the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics, thus the interest for alternative therapies is a real actual topic. Available data in children indicate that probiotics seem to be efficacious for the prevention of antibiotic associated side-effects, and might be of help for the prevention of Helicobacter pylori complications by decreasing Helicobacter pylori density and gastritis, and for the prevention of Helicobacter pylori colonization or re-infection by inhibiting adhesion to gastric epithelial cells. There is no clear evidence that probiotics may increase the Helicobacter pylori eradication rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lionetti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Catania, 95125-Catania, Italy.
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48
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Arrigo T, Gitto E, Ferraù V, Munafò C, Alibrandi A, Marseglia GL, Salpietro A, Miraglia Del Giudice M, Leonardi S, Ciprandi G, Salpietro C. Effect of weight reduction on leptin, total ghrelin and obestatin concentrations in prepubertal children. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2012; 26:S95-S103. [PMID: 22691243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate fasting levels of glucose, insulin, leptin, total ghrelin, and obestatin in a group of prepubescent obese children before and after weight loss. We enrolled 64 prepubescent obese children, but only 35 completed the study (mean age 7.6 +- 0.9 years, 19 females) and 20 normal-weight prepubescent children as controls. Fasting plasma concentration of glucose, insulin, Homeostasis Model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and leptin, total ghrelin, and obestatin levels were measured at baseline and after a 6-month lifestyle intervention (i.e. improved nutrition and increased physical activity). At baseline, obese children showed significantly (p less than 0.001) higher leptin and obestatin levels, and lower total ghrelin concentrations than control subjects. Weight loss significantly (p less than 0.001) diminished plasma leptin and insulin levels and increased ghrelin and obestatin concentrations. Weight loss in prepubescent children is associated with a significant change in leptin, ghrelin and obestatin concentrations. These results confirm the hypothesis that levels of these hormones are closely associated with obesity in childhood and might take part, as consequence but not as a cause, in glucose, fat, and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Arrigo
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetics and Immunology Unit, University of Messina, Italy
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49
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Pedullà M, Perrone L, Fierro V, Capristo C, Salpietro C, Leonardi S, La Rosa M, Arrigo T, Licari A, Longaretti P, Miraglia Del Giudice M. Could be a link between non atopic asthma and HP infection? J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2012; 26:S49-S52. [PMID: 22691250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A potential role of Helicobater Pylori (HP) infection in several extra-intestinal pathologies has been recently suggested. The aim of our study was to assess the role of serology positive for HP in atopic and non atopic infants and children affected by atopic dermatitis, urticaria, rhinitis and asthma. We included 615 children affected by atopic diseases. According to prick test positivity and age, we divided the patients into two groups: atopic or non-atopic patients and infants (0-2 years) or children (2-12 years). The serum levels of antibodies for H. pylori immunoglobulin G were measured by using an ELISA test. We found a not significant difference between group 1 and group 2 about atopy. There was a significant higher frequency of HP positive serology in older children. As for infants, a higher significant prevalence of HP positive serology was found in non-atopic patients. HP positive serology was significantly higher only in non-atopic infants affected by atopic dermatitis and urticaria than in atopic. In group 2, non atopic children shown a significant increase in the prevalence of HP serum positivity than atopic children. As for asthma, there was an higher prevalence of HP serology positive in non atopic asthmatic children group than in atopic asthmatics. On the contrary, the prevalence of positive HP serology was not significantly different between atopic and non atopic children affected by dermatitis, urticaria, and rhinitis. The present data confirm an inverse association between HP positive serology and atopy in both groups. However, the higher prevalence of positive HP serology was observed in non atopic asthmatics children than in atopic asthmatics. We could speculate that HP infection can favour non-atopic asthma onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pedullà
- Department of Pediatrics, Second University of Naples, Italy
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50
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Ciprandi G, Caimmi D, Raschetti R, Miraglia Del Giudice M, Salpietro C, Caimmi S, Castellazzi AM. Adipokines and their role in allergies. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:13-6. [PMID: 22032780 DOI: 10.1177/03946320110240s403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Both allergic disorders and obesity keep increasing in industrialized countries. Even though a strong association between obesity and allergy- related diseases has been reported in several studies, no published data show a scientific and firm link in-between the two conditions. In general, obesity and weight gain have been associated with an increased risk of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Asthma, allergic rhinitis and obesity have a common inflammatory pattern that could therefore justify their association. In fact, the chronic inflammation that characterizes the increase in white adipose tissue typically pushes the immune system toward a Th2 pattern. Such a polarization might, consequentially, worsen a pre-existing allergic disease or even stimulate the evolution from a sensitization to a respiratory form of allergy. Several studies have been published on the role of different adipokines on allergic diseases. We focus our review on the role of adipokines on asthma and allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ciprandi
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
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