1
|
Abreu P, Aglietta M, Albury JM, Allekotte I, Almeida Cheminant K, Almela A, Aloisio R, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Alves Batista R, Ammerman Yebra J, Anastasi GA, Anchordoqui L, Andrada B, Andringa S, Aramo C, Araújo Ferreira PR, Arnone E, Arteaga Velázquez JC, Asorey H, Assis P, Avila G, Avocone E, Badescu AM, Bakalova A, Balaceanu A, Barbato F, Bellido JA, Berat C, Bertaina ME, Bhatta G, Biermann PL, Binet V, Bismark K, Bister T, Biteau J, Blazek J, Bleve C, Blümer J, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Bonneau Arbeletche L, Borodai N, Botti AM, Brack J, Bretz T, Brichetto Orchera PG, Briechle FL, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Buitink S, Buscemi M, Büsken M, Caballero-Mora KS, Caccianiga L, Canfora F, Caracas I, Caruso R, Castellina A, Catalani F, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cerda M, Chinellato JA, Chudoba J, Chytka L, Clay RW, Cobos Cerutti AC, Colalillo R, Coleman A, Coluccia MR, Conceição R, Condorelli A, Consolati G, Contreras F, Convenga F, Correia Dos Santos D, Covault CE, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, Day JA, de Almeida RM, de Jesús J, de Jong SJ, de Mello Neto JRT, De Mitri I, de Oliveira J, de Oliveira Franco D, de Palma F, de Souza V, De Vito E, Del Popolo A, Del Río M, Deligny O, Deval L, di Matteo A, Dobre M, Dobrigkeit C, D'Olivo JC, Domingues Mendes LM, Dos Anjos RC, Dova MT, Ebr J, Engel R, Epicoco I, Erdmann M, Escobar CO, Etchegoyen A, Falcke H, Farmer J, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Feldbusch F, Fenu F, Fick B, Figueira JM, Filipčič A, Fitoussi T, Fodran T, Fujii T, Fuster A, Galea C, Galelli C, García B, Garcia Vegas AL, Gemmeke H, Gesualdi F, Gherghel-Lascu A, Ghia PL, Giaccari U, Giammarchi M, Glombitza J, Gobbi F, Gollan F, Golup G, Gómez Berisso M, Gómez Vitale PF, Gongora JP, González JM, González N, Goos I, Góra D, Gorgi A, Gottowik M, Grubb TD, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Guido E, Hahn S, Hamal P, Hampel MR, Hansen P, Harari D, Harvey VM, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Hill GC, Hojvat C, Hörandel JR, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Insolia A, Isar PG, Janecek P, Johnsen JA, Jurysek J, Kääpä A, Kampert KH, Keilhauer B, Khakurdikar A, Kizakke Covilakam VV, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Knapp F, Kunka N, Lago BL, Langner N, Leigui de Oliveira MA, Lenok V, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Lo Presti D, Lopes L, López R, Lu L, Luce Q, Lundquist JP, Machado Payeras A, Mancarella G, Mandat D, Manning BC, Manshanden J, Mantsch P, Marafico S, Mariani FM, Mariazzi AG, Mariş IC, Marsella G, Martello D, Martinelli S, Martínez Bravo O, Mastrodicasa M, Mathes HJ, Matthews J, Matthiae G, Mayotte E, Mayotte S, Mazur PO, Medina-Tanco G, Melo D, Menshikov A, Michal S, Micheletti MI, Miramonti L, Mollerach S, Montanet F, Morejon L, Morello C, Mostafá M, Müller AL, Muller MA, Mulrey K, Mussa R, Muzio M, Namasaka WM, Nasr-Esfahani A, Nellen L, Nicora G, Niculescu-Oglinzanu M, Niechciol M, Nitz D, Norwood I, Nosek D, Novotny V, Nožka L, Nucita A, Núñez LA, Oliveira C, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Papenbreer P, Parente G, Parra A, Pawlowsky J, Pech M, Pękala J, Pelayo R, Peña-Rodriguez J, Pereira Martins EE, Perez Armand J, Pérez Bertolli C, Perrone L, Petrera S, Petrucci C, Pierog T, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Pont B, Pothast M, Privitera P, Prouza M, Puyleart A, Querchfeld S, Rautenberg J, Ravignani D, Reininghaus M, Ridky J, Riehn F, Risse M, Rizi V, Rodrigues de Carvalho W, Rodriguez Rojo J, Roncoroni MJ, Rossoni S, Roth M, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Ruehl P, Saftoiu A, Saharan M, Salamida F, Salazar H, Salina G, Sanabria Gomez JD, Sánchez F, Santos EM, Santos E, Sarazin F, Sarmento R, Sarmiento-Cano C, Sato R, Savina P, Schäfer CM, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schimassek M, Schimp M, Schlüter F, Schmidt D, Scholten O, Schoorlemmer H, Schovánek P, Schröder FG, Schulte J, Schulz T, Sciutto SJ, Scornavacche M, Segreto A, Sehgal S, Shellard RC, Sigl G, Silli G, Sima O, Smau R, Šmída R, Sommers P, Soriano JF, Squartini R, Stadelmaier M, Stanca D, Stanič S, Stasielak J, Stassi P, Streich A, Suárez-Durán M, Sudholz T, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Szadkowski Z, Tapia A, Taricco C, Timmermans C, Tkachenko O, Tobiska P, Todero Peixoto CJ, Tomé B, Torrès Z, Travaini A, Travnicek P, Trimarelli C, Tueros M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Vaclavek L, Vacula M, Valdés Galicia JF, Valore L, Varela E, Vásquez-Ramírez A, Veberič D, Ventura C, Vergara Quispe ID, Verzi V, Vicha J, Vink J, Vorobiov S, Wahlberg H, Watanabe C, Watson AA, Weindl A, Wiencke L, Wilczyński H, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Yushkov A, Zapparrata O, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zehrer L. Limits to Gauge Coupling in the Dark Sector Set by the Nonobservation of Instanton-Induced Decay of Super-Heavy Dark Matter in the Pierre Auger Observatory Data. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:061001. [PMID: 36827568 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.061001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Instantons, which are nonperturbative solutions to Yang-Mills equations, provide a signal for the occurrence of quantum tunneling between distinct classes of vacua. They can give rise to decays of particles otherwise forbidden. Using data collected at the Pierre Auger Observatory, we search for signatures of such instanton-induced processes that would be suggestive of super-heavy particles decaying in the Galactic halo. These particles could have been produced during the post-inflationary epoch and match the relic abundance of dark matter inferred today. The nonobservation of the signatures searched for allows us to derive a bound on the reduced coupling constant of gauge interactions in the dark sector: α_{X}≲0.09, for 10^{9}≲M_{X}/GeV<10^{19}. Conversely, we obtain that, for instance, a reduced coupling constant α_{X}=0.09 excludes masses M_{X}≳3×10^{13} GeV. In the context of dark matter production from gravitational interactions alone, we illustrate how these bounds are complementary to those obtained on the Hubble rate at the end of inflation from the nonobservation of tensor modes in the cosmological microwave background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Abreu
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Aglietta
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - J M Albury
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - I Allekotte
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | | | - A Almela
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Aloisio
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - J Alvarez-Muñiz
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - J Ammerman Yebra
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - G A Anastasi
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - L Anchordoqui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - B Andrada
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Andringa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Aramo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - E Arnone
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | | | - H Asorey
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Assis
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Avila
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - E Avocone
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A M Badescu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Bakalova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Balaceanu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - F Barbato
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - J A Bellido
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru
| | - C Berat
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - M E Bertaina
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - G Bhatta
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - P L Biermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - V Binet
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - K Bismark
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Bister
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Biteau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - J Blazek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Bleve
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - J Blümer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Boháčová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Boncioli
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - C Bonifazi
- International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - N Borodai
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - A M Botti
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Brack
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - T Bretz
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - P G Brichetto Orchera
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F L Briechle
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - P Buchholz
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - A Bueno
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - S Buitink
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Buscemi
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Büsken
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - L Caccianiga
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - F Canfora
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - I Caracas
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R Caruso
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
| | - A Castellina
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - F Catalani
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - G Cataldi
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - L Cazon
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Cerda
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J A Chinellato
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - J Chudoba
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Chytka
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - R W Clay
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - A C Cobos Cerutti
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - R Colalillo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
| | - A Coleman
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | | | - R Conceição
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Condorelli
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - G Consolati
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
| | - F Contreras
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - F Convenga
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - C E Covault
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - S Dasso
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - K Daumiller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B R Dawson
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - J A Day
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - R M de Almeida
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil
| | - J de Jesús
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S J de Jong
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J R T de Mello Neto
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - I De Mitri
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - J de Oliveira
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil
| | | | - F de Palma
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - V de Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - E De Vito
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - A Del Popolo
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
| | - M Del Río
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - O Deligny
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - L Deval
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - M Dobre
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - C Dobrigkeit
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - J C D'Olivo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - L M Domingues Mendes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R C Dos Anjos
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
| | - M T Dova
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - J Ebr
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - I Epicoco
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - M Erdmann
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - C O Escobar
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - A Etchegoyen
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Falcke
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, Netherlands
| | - J Farmer
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - G Farrar
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - A C Fauth
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - N Fazzini
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - F Feldbusch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Fenu
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - B Fick
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - J M Figueira
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Filipčič
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - T Fitoussi
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Fodran
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - T Fujii
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Present address: Hakubi Center for Advanced Research and Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Fuster
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Galea
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - C Galelli
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - B García
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - A L Garcia Vegas
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - H Gemmeke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Gesualdi
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Gherghel-Lascu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - P L Ghia
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - U Giaccari
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - J Glombitza
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Gobbi
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - F Gollan
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Golup
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - M Gómez Berisso
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P F Gómez Vitale
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J P Gongora
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J M González
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - N González
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - I Goos
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Góra
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Gorgi
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Gottowik
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T D Grubb
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - F Guarino
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
| | - G P Guedes
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - E Guido
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - S Hahn
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Hamal
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M R Hampel
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Hansen
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - D Harari
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - V M Harvey
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Hebbeker
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Heck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G C Hill
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - C Hojvat
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - J R Hörandel
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Horvath
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Hrabovský
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - T Huege
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Insolia
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
| | - P G Isar
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - P Janecek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J A Johnsen
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - J Jurysek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Kääpä
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - K H Kampert
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Keilhauer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Khakurdikar
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - V V Kizakke Covilakam
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - H O Klages
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kleifges
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - F Knapp
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Kunka
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B L Lago
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Nova Friburgo, Brazil
| | - N Langner
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - V Lenok
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Letessier-Selvon
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - I Lhenry-Yvon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - D Lo Presti
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
| | - L Lopes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R López
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - L Lu
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Q Luce
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J P Lundquist
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | | | - G Mancarella
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - D Mandat
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B C Manning
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - J Manshanden
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Mantsch
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - S Marafico
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - F M Mariani
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - A G Mariazzi
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - I C Mariş
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Marsella
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
| | - D Martello
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - S Martinelli
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - M Mastrodicasa
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - H J Mathes
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Matthews
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - G Matthiae
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
| | - E Mayotte
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - S Mayotte
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - P O Mazur
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - G Medina-Tanco
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - D Melo
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Menshikov
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Michal
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M I Micheletti
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - L Miramonti
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - S Mollerach
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - F Montanet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - L Morejon
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - C Morello
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Mostafá
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A L Müller
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M A Muller
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - K Mulrey
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Mussa
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Muzio
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - W M Namasaka
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A Nasr-Esfahani
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - L Nellen
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - G Nicora
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - M Niculescu-Oglinzanu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - M Niechciol
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - D Nitz
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - I Norwood
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - D Nosek
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Novotny
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Nožka
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - A Nucita
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - L A Núñez
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - C Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - M Palatka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Pallotta
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - P Papenbreer
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G Parente
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Parra
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - J Pawlowsky
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Pech
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Pękala
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - R Pelayo
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, D.F., México
| | | | - E E Pereira Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Perez Armand
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C Pérez Bertolli
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Perrone
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - S Petrera
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - C Petrucci
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - T Pierog
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Pimenta
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - V Pirronello
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
| | - M Platino
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B Pont
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - M Pothast
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Privitera
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - M Prouza
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Puyleart
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - S Querchfeld
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Rautenberg
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D Ravignani
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Reininghaus
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Ridky
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Riehn
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Risse
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - V Rizi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - J Rodriguez Rojo
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M J Roncoroni
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Rossoni
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Roth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E Roulet
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A C Rovero
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Ruehl
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - A Saftoiu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - M Saharan
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - F Salamida
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - H Salazar
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - G Salina
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Sánchez
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E M Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - E Santos
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Sarazin
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - R Sarmento
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Sarmiento-Cano
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Sato
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - P Savina
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - C M Schäfer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - V Scherini
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Schimassek
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Schimp
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - F Schlüter
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Schmidt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Scholten
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Schoorlemmer
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Schovánek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F G Schröder
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - J Schulte
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Schulz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S J Sciutto
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Scornavacche
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Segreto
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
| | - S Sehgal
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R C Shellard
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - G Sigl
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Silli
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Sima
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Also at University of Bucharest, Physics Department, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R Smau
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - R Šmída
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - P Sommers
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J F Soriano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - R Squartini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M Stadelmaier
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Stanca
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - S Stanič
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - J Stasielak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - P Stassi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Streich
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - T Sudholz
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - T Suomijärvi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - A D Supanitsky
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Z Szadkowski
- University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics, Łódź, Poland
| | - A Tapia
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - C Taricco
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - C Timmermans
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - O Tkachenko
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Tobiska
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C J Todero Peixoto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - B Tomé
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Z Torrès
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Travaini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - P Travnicek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Trimarelli
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - M Tueros
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - R Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Unger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Vaclavek
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Vacula
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - L Valore
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
| | - E Varela
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | | | - D Veberič
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Ventura
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - V Verzi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
| | - J Vicha
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Vink
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Vorobiov
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - H Wahlberg
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - C Watanabe
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - A A Watson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Wiencke
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - H Wilczyński
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - D Wittkowski
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Wundheiler
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Yushkov
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - O Zapparrata
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Zas
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - L Zehrer
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|