1
|
Mayer J, Knuuti T, Baumgarten L, Menke E, Bischoff L, Bunk B, Biedendieck R. Construction and Application of a Plasmid-Based Signal Peptide Library for Improved Secretion of Recombinant Proteins with Priestia megaterium. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040777. [PMID: 35456829 PMCID: PMC9032162 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The secretion of recombinant proteins plays an important role in their economic production and purification. The secretion efficiency depends on the responsible signal peptide (SP) in combination with the target protein and the given host and cannot be predicted so far. Due to its high plasmid stability, the lack of alkaline extracellular proteases and only few contaminating extracellular host proteins, Priestia megaterium provides a promising alternative to common Bacillus species. For the development of an easy and fast cloning and screening system to identify the SP best suited to a distinct protein, a plasmid-based SP library containing all predicted 182 Sec-dependent SPs from P. megaterium was established. The splitting of the SPs into 10 groups of individual multi-SP plasmids (pMSPs) allows their grouped amplification and application in screening approaches. The functionality of the whole library was demonstrated by enhancing the amount of the already well-secreted α-amylase AmyE by 1.6-fold. The secretion of a novel penicillin G acylase, which remained as insoluble protein inside the cells, as its native SP is unsuitable for secretion in P. megaterium, could be enhanced even up to 29-fold. Overall, only around 170 recombinant P. megaterium clones based on 50 inserted SPs had to be screened to achieve sufficient amounts for further enzyme characterizations. Thus, this newly developed plasmid-based genetic tool applicable for P. megaterium and also other Bacillus species facilitates the identification of suitable SPs for secretion of recombinant proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janine Mayer
- Institute of Microbiology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.M.); (T.K.); (L.B.); (E.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Tobias Knuuti
- Institute of Microbiology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.M.); (T.K.); (L.B.); (E.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Lisa Baumgarten
- Institute of Microbiology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.M.); (T.K.); (L.B.); (E.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Elise Menke
- Institute of Microbiology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.M.); (T.K.); (L.B.); (E.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Lena Bischoff
- Institute of Microbiology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.M.); (T.K.); (L.B.); (E.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Boyke Bunk
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
| | - Rebekka Biedendieck
- Institute of Microbiology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.M.); (T.K.); (L.B.); (E.M.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-531-391-55291
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mayer J, Pippel J, Günther G, Müller C, Lauermann A, Knuuti T, Blankenfeldt W, Jahn D, Biedendieck R. Crystal structures and protein engineering of three different penicillin G acylases from Gram-positive bacteria with different thermostability. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7537-7552. [PMID: 31227867 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09977-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Penicillin G acylase (PGA) catalyzes the hydrolysis of penicillin G to 6-aminopenicillanic acid and phenylacetic acid, which provides the precursor for most semisynthetic penicillins. Most applications rely on PGAs from Gram-negative bacteria. Here we describe the first three crystal structures for PGAs from Gram-positive Bacilli and their utilization in protein engineering experiments for the manipulation of their thermostability. PGAs from Bacillus megaterium (BmPGA, Tm = 56.0 °C), Bacillus thermotolerans (BtPGA, Tm = 64.5 °C), and Bacillus sp. FJAT-27231 (FJAT-PGA, Tm = 74.3 °C) were recombinantly produced with B. megaterium, secreted, purified to apparent heterogeneity, and crystallized. Structures with resolutions of 2.20 Å (BmPGA), 2.27 Å (BtPGA), and 1.36 Å (FJAT-PGA) were obtained. They revealed high overall similarity, reflecting the high identity of up to approx. 75%. Notably, the active center displays a deletion of more than ten residues with respect to PGAs from Gram-negatives. This enlarges the substrate binding site and may indicate a different substrate spectrum. Based on the structures, ten single-chain FJAT-PGAs carrying artificial linkers were produced. However, in all cases, complete linker cleavage was observed. While thermostability remained in the wild-type range, the enzymatic activity dropped between 30 and 60%. Furthermore, four hybrid PGAs carrying subunits from two different enzymes were successfully produced. Their thermostabilities mostly lay between the values of the two mother enzymes. For one PGA increased, enzyme activity was observed. Overall, the three novel PGA structures combined with initial protein engineering experiments provide the basis for establishment of new PGA-based biotechnological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janine Mayer
- Institute of Microbiology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jan Pippel
- HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Structure and Function of Proteins, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gabriele Günther
- Institute of Microbiology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Carolin Müller
- Institute of Microbiology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anna Lauermann
- Institute of Microbiology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tobias Knuuti
- Institute of Microbiology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wulf Blankenfeldt
- HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Structure and Function of Proteins, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dieter Jahn
- Institute of Microbiology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rebekka Biedendieck
- Institute of Microbiology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nguyen K, Fazio M, Kubota M, Nainar S, Feng C, Li X, Atwood SX, Bredy TW, Spitale RC. Cell-Selective Bioorthogonal Metabolic Labeling of RNA. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2148-2151. [PMID: 28139910 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Stringent chemical methods to profile RNA expression within discrete cellular populations remains a key challenge in biology. To address this issue, we developed a chemical-genetic strategy for metabolic labeling of RNA. Cell-specific labeling of RNA can be profiled and imaged using bioorthogonal chemistry. We anticipate that this platform will provide the community with a much-needed chemical toolset for cell-type specific profiling of cell-specific transcriptomes derived from complex biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Department of Neurobiology, §Department of Developmental & Cellular Biology and ∥Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Michael Fazio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Department of Neurobiology, §Department of Developmental & Cellular Biology and ∥Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Miles Kubota
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Department of Neurobiology, §Department of Developmental & Cellular Biology and ∥Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Sarah Nainar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Department of Neurobiology, §Department of Developmental & Cellular Biology and ∥Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Chao Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Department of Neurobiology, §Department of Developmental & Cellular Biology and ∥Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Department of Neurobiology, §Department of Developmental & Cellular Biology and ∥Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Scott X Atwood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Department of Neurobiology, §Department of Developmental & Cellular Biology and ∥Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Timothy W Bredy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Department of Neurobiology, §Department of Developmental & Cellular Biology and ∥Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Robert C Spitale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Department of Neurobiology, §Department of Developmental & Cellular Biology and ∥Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Improved activity and pH stability of E. coli ATCC 11105 penicillin acylase by error-prone PCR. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:4467-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
5
|
Mönster A, Villain L, Scheper T, Beutel S. One-step-purification of penicillin G amidase from cell lysate using ion-exchange membrane adsorbers. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
6
|
Kasche V, Ignatova Z, Märkl H, Plate W, Punckt N, Schmidt D, Wiegandt K, Ernst B. Ca2+ Is a Cofactor Required for Membrane Transport and Maturation and Is a Yield-Determining Factor in High Cell Density Penicillin Amidase Production. Biotechnol Prog 2008; 21:432-8. [PMID: 15801782 DOI: 10.1021/bp049636a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Penicillin amidases (PAs) from E. coli and A. faecalis are periplasmic enzymes that contain one tightly bound Ca(2+) per molecule that does not directly participate in the enzymatic function. This ion may, however, be required for the maturation of the pre-pro-enzyme. The pro-enzyme of homologous PAs are translocated through the Tat- (E. coli PA(EC)) and Sec- (A. faecalis PA(AF)) transport systems, respectively. Cell fractionation, electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and activity staining demonstrated that Ca(2+) binding is required for the membrane transport and maturation of the pro-enzyme to active enzyme. Pro-enzyme without Ca(2+) was targeted to the membrane but not translocated. Influence of Ca(2+) in medium and feed was studied for high cell density cultivations of E. coli expressing these enzymes. Without Ca(2+) in the feed the synthesis of the pre-pro-enzyme was hardly influenced. At optimal Ca(2+) content in the feed the active enzyme amount could be increased by 2 orders of magnitude up to 0.9 g/L (PA(EC)) and 2.3 g/L (PA(AF)) or 4% (PA(EC)) and 8% (PA(AF)) of the cell dry weight. The corresponding specific activities are 1700 U (PA(EC)) and 14000 U (PA(AF)) per gram cell dry weight, respectively. These values are higher than those published previously. Thus, for optimal yields of the studied and other extra- and periplasmic enzymes that require Ca(2+) or other ions as cofactors for membrane transport and maturation, sufficient cofactor must be added in the feed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volker Kasche
- Biotechnologie I and II, Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, Denickestrasse 15, 21071 Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Development and application of a novel signal peptide probe vector with PGA as reporter in Bacillus subtilis WB700: twenty-four tat pathway signal peptides from Bacillus subtilis were monitored. Mol Biotechnol 2008; 39:225-30. [PMID: 18253868 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-008-9030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 12/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have developed a novel, versatile signal peptide probe vector driven by promoter P43 in Bacillus subtilis WB700, using Penicillin G Acylase (PGA) as reporter. Twenty-four signal peptides considered belonging to twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway were cloned into the probe vector to direct the secretion expression of PGA, respectively. Through 6-nitro-3-phenylacetamidobenzoic acid (NIPAB) filter paper assay, four signal peptides (AmyX, AlbB, LipA, and YmzC) were chosen for further investigation. The extracellular production of PGA demonstrated that these recombinants mediated efficient secretion expression in B. subtilis WB700, in which the maximum activity reached 0.11, 0.21, 0.08, and 0.26 U/mL, respectively. Thus, we provided an efficient tool for easy detection of the signal peptides in B. subtilis, and demonstrated the efficiency of Tat pathway signal peptides via PGA secretion in B. subtilis WB700.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kasche V, Galunsky B, Ignatova Z. Fragments of pro-peptide activate mature penicillin amidase of Alcaligenes faecalis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 270:4721-8. [PMID: 14622260 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Penicillin amidase from Alcaligenes faecalis is a recently identified N-terminal nucleophile hydrolase, which possesses the highest specificity constant (kcat/Km) for the hydrolysis of benzylpenicillin compared with penicillin amidases from other sources. Similar to the Escherichia coli penicillin amidase, the A. faecalis penicillin amidase is maturated in vivo from an inactive precursor into the catalytically active enzyme, containing one tightly bound Ca2+ ion, via a complex post-translational autocatalytic processing with a multi-step excision of a small internal pro-peptide. The function of the pro-region is so far unknown. In vitro addition of chemically synthesized fragments of the pro-peptide to purified mature A. faecalis penicillin amidase increased its specific activity up to 2.3-fold. Mutations were used to block various steps in the proteolytic processing of the pro-peptide to obtain stable mutants with covalently attached fragments of the pro-region to their A-chains. These extensions of the A-chain raised the activity up to 2.3-fold and increased the specificity constants for benzylpenicillin hydrolysis mainly by an increase of the turnover number (kcat).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volker Kasche
- Institute of Biotechnology II, Technical University Hamburg-Harburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ignatova Z, Mahsunah A, Georgieva M, Kasche V. Improvement of posttranslational bottlenecks in the production of penicillin amidase in recombinant Escherichia coli strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:1237-45. [PMID: 12571052 PMCID: PMC143610 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.2.1237-1245.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using periplasmic penicillin amidase (PA) from Escherichia coli ATCC 11105 as a model recombinant protein, we reviewed the posttranslational bottlenecks in its overexpression and undertook attempts to enhance its production in different recombinant E. coli expression hosts. Intracellular proteolytic degradation of the newly synthesized PA precursor and translocation through the plasma membrane were determined to be the main posttranslational processes limiting enzyme production. Rate constants for both intracellular proteolytic breakdown (k(d)) and transport (k(t)) were used as quantitative tools for selection of the appropriate host system and cultivation medium. The production of mature active PA was increased up to 10-fold when the protease-deficient strain E. coli BL21(DE3) was cultivated in medium without a proteinaceous substrate, as confirmed by a decrease in the sum of the constants k(d) and k(t). The original signal sequence of pre-pro-PA was exchanged with the OmpT signal peptide sequence in order to increase translocation efficiency; the effects of this change varied in the different E. coli host strains. Furthermore, we established that simultaneous coexpression of the OmpT pac gene with some proteins of the Sec export machinery of the cell resulted in up to threefold-enhanced PA production. In parallel, we made efforts to increase PA flux via coexpression with the kil gene (killing protein). The primary effects of the kil gene were the release of PA into the extracellular medium and an approximately threefold increase in the total amount of PA produced per liter of bacterial culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Ignatova
- Institut für Biotecnologie II, Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ninkovic M, Riester D, Wirsching F, Dietrich R, Schwienhorst A. Fluorogenic Assay for Penicillin G Acylase Activity. Anal Biochem 2001; 292:228-33. [PMID: 11355855 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2001.5078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A simple, highly sensitive, and rapid assay for high-throughput screening of penicillin G acylase-producing bacteria is presented. The method is based on the specific release of fluorescent 7-amino-4-methyl-coumarin through cleavage of phenylacetyl-4-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide by penicillin G acylase. The present method is suitable for screening pure enzymes as well as various penicillin G acylases like those from Escherichia coli, Proteus rettgeri, and Kluyvera citrophila in cell extracts. In addition, the new substrate was used for rapid assay of amidase activity in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ninkovic
- Abteilung fuer Molekulare Genetik und Praeparative Molekularbiologie, Institut fuer Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Grisebachstrasse 8, Goettingen, 37077, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alkema WB, Floris R, Janssen DB. The use of chromogenic reference substrates for the kinetic analysis of penicillin acylases. Anal Biochem 1999; 275:47-53. [PMID: 10542108 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1999.4300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Determination of kinetic parameters of penicillin acylases for phenylacetylated compounds is complicated due to the low K(m) values for these substrates, the lack of a spectroscopic signal, and the strong product inhibition by phenylacetic acid. To overcome these difficulties, a spectrophotometric method was developed, with which kinetic parameters could be determined by measuring the effects on the hydrolysis of the chromogenic reference substrate 2-nitro-5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]benzoic acid (NIPAB). To that end, spectrophotometric progress curves with NIPAB in the absence and presence of the phenylacetylated substrates and their products were measured and analyzed by numerical fitting to the appropriate equations for competing substrates with product inhibition. This analysis yielded kinetic constants for phenylacetylated substrates such as penicillin G, which are in close agreement with those obtained in independent initial velocity experiments. Using NIPAB analogs with lower k(cat)/K(m) values, kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of cephalexin and penicillin V were determined. This method was suitable for determining the kinetic constants of penicillin acylases in periplasmic extracts from Escherichia coli, Alcaligenes faecalis, and Kluyvera citrophila. The use of chromogenic reference substrates thus appears to be a rapid and reliable method for determining kinetic constants with various substrates and enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W B Alkema
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sobotková L, Štěpánek V, Plháčková K, Kyslík P. Cloning of penicillin G acylase-encoding gene from Escherichia coli high-producing strain RE3. Biotechnol Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00130358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
13
|
Zhang QJ, Xu WX. Morphological, physiological and enzymatic characteristics of cephalosporin acylase-producing Arthrobacter strain 45-8A. Arch Microbiol 1993; 159:392-5. [PMID: 8484708 DOI: 10.1007/bf00290923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A bacterial strain producing cephalosporin acylases was isolated from soil. The morphological and physiological properties of this strain suggest that it belongs to the genus Arthrobacter, and the isolate was therefore designated Arthrobacter strain 45-8A. Substrate specificity of the enzyme was examined. The enzyme can convert both cephalosporin acid to 7-aminocephalosporanic acid. An interesting feature of the acylases is their temperature-dependent regulation. Activity of acylases was detected in strain 45-8A grown at temperature below 30 degrees C, but was not observed at higher temperature. Arthrobacter strain 45-8A did not exhibit beta-lactamase activity, even though its resistance to cephalosporin C was very strong (> 2000 micrograms/ml). This is quite beneficial for its application in the manufacture of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q J Zhang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang QJ, Xu WX. Physiological and enzymatic characterization of cephalosporin acylases-producing strainPseudomonas L24. J Basic Microbiol 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3620330114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
15
|
Burtscher H, Schumacher G. Reconstitution in vivo of penicillin G acylase activity from separately expressed subunits. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1992; 205:77-83. [PMID: 1555606 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb16753.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Penicillin G acylase from Escherichia coli ATCC11105 is synthesized as a precursor polypeptide with a signal sequence for secretion into the periplasm and an endopeptide separating two subunit domains. Proteolytic processing leads to mature, heterodimeric penicillin G acylase. We have shown that the alpha- and beta-subunits of the enzyme, which have no detectable enzymatic activity on their own, can reconstitute enzyme activity when their genes are put into an E. coli host on separate plasmids. Activity is reconstituted in the cytoplasm whereas normally processing and formation of the active heterodimer occurs in the periplasm. Enzyme activity can reach levels close to wild type in the strain used. The activity recovered from a combination of alpha-subunit linked to a 54-amino-acid endopeptide and beta-subunit was lower than with the subunits alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Burtscher
- Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, Research Center Penzberg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang QJ, Xu WX, Shi L. 2-Nitro-5-(6-bromohexanoylamino)benzoic acid test paper method for detecting microorganisms capable of producing cephalosporin acylases. Anal Biochem 1991; 196:201-6. [PMID: 1776668 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(91)90453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for detecting microorganisms capable of producing cephalosporin C (CPC) acylase and/or 7-(4-carboxybutanamido)cephalosporanic acid (GL-7-ACA) acylase has been developed. The method is based on the degradation of 2-nitro-5-(6-bromohexanoylamino)benzoic acid (NBHAB), a chromogenic substrate, into yellow 2-nitro-5-aminobenzoic acid by the action of the CPC acylase or the GL-7-ACA acylase. This method is very sensitive and quite specific, and has been successfully applied to screen the acylases from a variety of bacteria. A large number of colonies isolated on a plate surface from more than 67 samples and several known bacteria were tested by the NBHAB paper. Five NBHAB-positive strains and isolates were obtained. They were further examined by the reaction of their bacterial cells upon CPC and GL-7-ACA, respectively, and by thin-layer chromatography in order to distinguish the CPC acylase from the GL-7-ACA acylase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q J Zhang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang Q, Zhang L, Liu Q, Han J, Chen L. Construction and hyperproductivity of engineered strain QE79 bearing recombinant plasmid containing penicillin G acylase gene from Escherichia coli strain AS1.76. Biotechnol Lett 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01086341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|