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Matysik J, Ding Y, Kim Y, Kurle P, Yurkovskaya A, Ivanov K, Alia A. Photo-CIDNP in Solid State. APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2021; 53:521-537. [PMID: 33840910 PMCID: PMC8021640 DOI: 10.1007/s00723-021-01322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Photo-CIDNP (photo-chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization) refers to nuclear polarization created by the spin-chemical evolution of spin-correlated radical pairs (SCRPs). This phenomenon occurs in gases, liquids and solids. Based on the solid-state photo-CIDNP effect observed under magic-angle spinning (MAS), photo-CIDNP MAS NMR has been developed as analytical method. Here we report the origin, the theory and the state of the art of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Matysik
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yonghong Ding
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yunmi Kim
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick Kurle
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Konstantin Ivanov
- International Tomography Center, Institutskaya, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A. Alia
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Thurnauer MC, Katz JJ, Norris JR. The triplet state in bacterial photosynthesis: Possible mechanisms of the primary photo-act. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 72:3270-4. [PMID: 16592270 PMCID: PMC432970 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.72.9.3270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo triplet state electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectra of bacteriochlorophylls (Bchls) show important differences in (a) electron spin polarization (esp), and (b) zero field splitting (ZFS) parameters. The unusual esp and ZFS properties of the observed in vivo triplet state are best interpreted as arising from a short-lived radical pair precursor (not directly observable by epr) formed in or with the special pair of bacteriochlorophyll molecules involved in the primary photo-act.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Thurnauer
- Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, 60439
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Dodin DV, Ivanov AI. Influence of magnetic field on photoinduced electron transfer in non-Markovian solvents. Chem Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2004.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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5
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Angerhofer A, Friso G, Giacometti G, Carbonera D, Giacometti G. Optically detected magnetic resonance study on the origin of the pheophytin triplet state in D1D2-cytochrome b-559 complexes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(94)90019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Angerhofer A, Aust V. A monomeric bacteriochlorophyll triplet state (3B) in reaction centres of Rhodobacter sphaeroides R26, studied by absorption-detected magnetic resonance. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(93)80141-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Abstract
Photosynthesis is the conversion of the quantum energy of light into the chemical energy of complex organic molecules and organized cellular structures in plants and in some bacteria. The processes of photosynthesis span the time domain of subpicoseconds to the millennia of slow-growing trees, its study brings together such diverse disciplines as photophysics, biochemistry, botany and ecology. In the last few decades tremendous progress has been made in understanding the multivarious chemical reactions that ultimately lead to the fixation of carbon dioxide into organic substance, yet the basic mechanism underlying the conversion of photon energy into chemical energy still remains very much an enigma. These so-called primary reactions which transduce the excitation energy of excited chlorophyll pigments into the potential energy of stabilized, separated charges on electron donor and electron acceptor molecules have been studied with a variety of physical techniques, among which fast optical spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) are prominent. This review will highlight one intriguing aspect of EPR, namely that of electron spin polarization (ESP).† It will be shown that ESP of photosynthetic primary reactants offers a unique tool to gain insight in the electrostatic and magnetic interactions that make photosynthesis work. Moreover, it will become apparent that ESP in photosynthesis has several unique traits not (yet) found in ESP of photochemical reactionsin vitro. As such, it may serve as a paradigma of ESP phenomena and will present an absorbing spectacle also for EPR spectroscopists outside photosynthesis.
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McLean MB, Sauer K. The dependence of reaction center and antenna triplets on the redox state of Photosystem I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(82)90158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Photooxidation of the Reaction Center Chlorophylls and Structural Properties of Photosynthetic Reaction Centers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-81795-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Voznyak VM, Ganago IB, Moskalenko AA, Elfimov EI. Magnetic field-induced fluorescence changes in chlorophyll-proteins enriched with P-700. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 592:364-8. [PMID: 7407097 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(80)90196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence yield dependence on external magnetic field (0-600 G) was measured for chlorophyll-protein complexes enriched with Photosystem I. Maximal relative changes of fluorescence yield at room temperature (1.0-2.5%) were dependent on the chlorphyll a:P-700 ratio. Magnetic field-induced changes were observed only in the presence of dithionite. At low temperatures (down to -160 degrees C) the magnetic field-induced effect decreased. The effect is obviously connected with the functions of reaction centers in Photosystem I. An explanation of the effect is proposed based on the hypothesis of radical pairs recombination within the reaction center. For the radical pair (P-700+. A-.), an intermediate acceptor, A-., with a g-value approximately equal to that of P-700+. is proposed.
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Ponte Goncalvez A, Spendel W. Comments on the triplet-state spin polarization in photosynthetic bacteria. Chem Phys Lett 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(78)85301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Clarke RH, Hobart DR. Structural aspects of the reaction center of photosynthetic bacteria calculated from triplet state zero-field splittings. FEBS Lett 1977; 82:155-8. [PMID: 410658 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(77)80908-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Prince RC, Thornber JP. A novel electron paramagnetic resonance signal associated with the 'primary' electron acceptor in isolated photochemical reaction centers of Rhodospirillum rubrum. FEBS Lett 1977; 81:233-7. [PMID: 200472 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(77)80525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Thurnauer MC, Norris JR. The ordering of the zero field triplet spin sublevels in the chlorophylls. A magnetophotoselection study. Chem Phys Lett 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(77)85315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Haberkorn R, Michel-Beyerle ME. Mechanism of triplet formation in photosynthesis via hyperfine interaction. FEBS Lett 1977; 75:5-8. [PMID: 300692 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(77)80040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Nissani E, Scherz A, Levanon H. THE PHOTOEXCITED TRIPLET STATE OF TETRAPHENYL CHLORIN, MAGNESIUM TETRAPHENYL PORPHYRIN AND WHOLE CELLS OF CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDI. A LIGHT MODULATION-EPR STUDY. Photochem Photobiol 1977. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1977.tb07428.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hoff AJ. Kinetics of populating and depopulating of the components of the photoinduced triplet state of the photosynthetic bacteria Rhodospirillum rubrum, Rhodopseudomonas spheroides (wild type), and its mutant R-26 as measured by ESR in zero-field. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 440:765-71. [PMID: 183816 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(76)90059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Optically detected ESR spectra in zero magnetic field of the triplet state of three photosynthetic bacteria are presented. The zero field splitting parameters [D] and [E] and the widths of the resonances show small but significant differences for the three bacteria. The resonance lines are inhomogeneously broadened as demonstrated by hole-burning experiments. The populating probabilities and depopulating rates for the triplet sublevels have been measured. The populating kinetics are very similar for the three bacteria. The depopulating rates are more than one order faster than those of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b and of porphyrin model systems. The populating probability of the lowest level is about 6 times less, and the depopulating rate about 6 times slower, than for the upper levels, identifying this level as the level connected to the molecular z-axis perpendicular to the plane of the molecule. The relative populations of the triplet sublevels are almost equal in zero magnetic field.
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Prince RC, Leigh JS, Dutton PL. Thermodynamic properties of the reaction center of Rhodopseudomonas viridis. In vivo measurement of the reaction center bacteriochlorophyll-primary acceptor intermediary electron carrier. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 440:622-36. [PMID: 183815 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(76)90047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The thermodynamic properties of redox components associated with the reaction center of Rhodopseudomonas viridis have been characterized with respect to their midpoint potentials and relationship with protons. In particular a midpoint potential for the intermediary electron carrier acting between the reaction center bacteriochlorophyll and the primary acceptor has been determined. The rationale for this measurement was that the light-induced triplet/biradical EPR signal would not be observed if this intermediate was chemically reduced before activation. The midpoint potential of the intermediary at pH 10.8 is about --400 mV (n=1).
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van der Bent SJ, Schaafsma TJ, Goedheer JC. Detection of triplet states in algae by zero-field resonance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1976; 71:1147-52. [PMID: 184784 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(76)90773-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Optically induced electron spin polarization in the triplet state of chlorophyll and its model compounds. Chem Phys Lett 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(76)85416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Clarke RH, Connors RE. Optically detected zero-field triplet state magnetic resonance in photosynthetic bacteria. Chem Phys Lett 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(76)80553-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hoff AJ, van der Waals JH. Zero field resonance and spin alignment of the triplet state of chloroplasts at 2 degrees K. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 423:615-20. [PMID: 177049 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(76)90215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microwave induced transitions in zero magnetic field have been observed in the photoinduced triplet of chloroplasts treated with dithionite by monitoring changes in the intensity of the 735 nm fluorescence band at 2 degrees K. Similar results were obtained with chloroplasts treated with hydroxylamine plus 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea and preillumination. The zero field parameters are D = 0.02794 +/- 0.00007 cm-1, E = 0.00382 +/- 0.00007 cm-1, i.e. equal to those of monomeric chlorophyll a to within the experimental error. The photoinduced triplet appears to be linked to Photosystem II. This indicates that the low temperatures 735 nm fluorescence band of chloroplasts is at least partly due to Photosystem II.
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Dutton PL, Kaufmann KJ, Chance B, Rentzepis PM. Picosecond kinetics of the 1250 nm band of the Rps. sphaeroides reaction center: the nature of the primary photochemical intermediary state. FEBS Lett 1975; 60:275-80. [PMID: 1084288 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(75)80730-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Cogdell RJ, Monger TG, Parson WW. Carotenoid triplet states in reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and Rhodospirillum rubrum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1975; 408:189-99. [PMID: 811259 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(75)90122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purified photochemical reaction centers from three strains of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and two of Rhodospirillium rubrum were reduced with Na2S2O4 so as to block their photochemical electron transfer reactions. They then were excited with flashes lasting 5-30 ns. In all cases, absorbance measurements showed that the flash caused the immediate formation of a transient state (PF) which had been detected previously in reaction centers from Rps. sphaeroides strain R26. Previous work has shown that state PF is an intermediate in the photochemical electron transfer reaction in the reaction centers of that particular strain, and the present work generalizes that conclusion. In the reaction centers from two strains that lack carotenoids (Rps. sphaeroides R26 and R. rubrum G9), the decay of PF yields a longer-lived state (PR) which is probably a triplet state of the bacteriochlorophyll of the reaction center. In the R26 preparation, the decay of PF was found to have a half-time of 10 +/- 2 ns. The decay kinetics rule out the identification of PF as the fluorescent excited singlet state of the reaction center. In the reaction centers from three strains that contain carotenoids (Rps sphaeroides 2.4.1 and Ga, and R. rubrum S1), state PR was not detected, and the decay of PF generated triplet states of carotenoids. The efficiency of the coupling between the decay of PF and the formation of the carotenoid triplet appeared to be close to 100% at room temperature, but somewhat lower at 77 degrees K. Taken with previous results, this suggests that the coupling is direct and does not require the intermediate formation of state PR. This conclusion would be consistent with the view that PF is a biradical which can be triplet in character.
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Rockley MG, Windsor MW, Cogdell RJ, Parson WW. Picosecond detection of an intermediate in the photochemical reaction of bacterial photosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1975; 72:2251-5. [PMID: 1079602 PMCID: PMC432735 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.72.6.2251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparations of photosynthetic reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides were excited with flashes lasting approximately 8 psec. Immediately after the excitation, there appeared a transient state which was characterized by new absorption bands near 500 and 680 nm, by a bleaching of bands near 540, 600, 760, and 870 nm, and by a blue shift of a band near 800 nm. The transient state decayed with an exponential decay time,t, of 246 plus or minus 16 psec after the flash. As the transient state decayed, the radical cation of the reaction center bacteriochlorophyll complex appeared. This indicates that the transient state is an intermediate in the photooxidation of the bacteriochlorophyll. The absorpiton spectrum of the transient state shows the state to be identical with a state (P-F) which has been detected previously in reaction centers that are prevented from completing the photooxidation, because of chemical reduction of the electron acceptor. Analysis of the spectrum suggests that the formation of P-F involves electron transfer from one bacteriochlorophyll molecule to another within the reaction center, or possibly from bacteriochlorophyll to the bacteriopheophytin of the complex. The initial absorbance changes after flash excitation also include a bleaching of an absorption band at 800 nm. The bleaching decays with tau approximately equal to 30 pse. The bleaching appers not to be a secondary effect, but rather to revael another early step in the primary photochemical reaction.
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Parson WW, Cogdell RJ. The primary photochemical reaction to bacterial photosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1975; 416:105-49. [PMID: 235329 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4173(75)90014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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