1
|
Yan Z, Liu Z, Zhang H, Guan X, Xu H, Zhang J, Zhao Q, Wang S. Current trends in gas-synergized phototherapy for improved antitumor theranostics. Acta Biomater 2024; 174:1-25. [PMID: 38092250 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapy, such as photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), has been considered an elegant solution to eradicate tumors due to its minimal invasiveness and low systemic toxicity. Nevertheless, it is still challenging for phototherapy to achieve ideal outcomes and clinical translation due to its inherent drawbacks. Owing to the unique biological functions, diverse gases have attracted growing attention in combining with phototherapy to achieve super-additive therapeutic effects. Specifically, gases such as nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have been proven to kill tumor cells by inducing mitochondrial damage in synergy with phototherapy. Additionally, several gases not only enhance the thermal damage in PTT and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in PDT but also improve the tumor accumulation of photoactive agents. The inflammatory responses triggered by hyperthermia in PTT are also suppressed by the combination of gases. Herein, we comprehensively review the latest studies on gas-synergized phototherapy for cancer therapy, including (1) synergistic mechanisms of combining gases with phototherapy; (2) design of nanoplatforms for gas-synergized phototherapy; (3) multimodal therapy based on gas-synergized phototherapy; (4) imaging-guided gas-synergized phototherapy. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities of gas-synergized phototherapy for tumor treatment are discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: 1. The novelty and significance of the work with respect to the existing literature. (1) Strategies to design nanoplatforms for gas-synergized anti-tumor phototherapy have been summarized for the first time. Meanwhile, the integration of various imaging technologies and therapy modalities which endow these nanoplatforms with advanced theranostic capabilities has been summarized. (2) The mechanisms by which gases synergize with phototherapy to eradicate tumors are innovatively and comprehensively summarized. 2. The scientific impact and interest. This review elaborates current trends in gas-synergized anti-tumor phototherapy, with special emphases on synergistic anti-tumor mechanisms and rational design of therapeutic nanoplatforms to achieve this synergistic therapy. It aims to provide valuable guidance for researchers in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Zhu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Xinyao Guan
- Experimental Teaching Center, Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Jinghai Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Qinfu Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China.
| | - Siling Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nguyen MT, Guseva EV, Ataeva AN, Sigan AL, Shibaeva AV, Dmitrieva MV, Burtsev ID, Volodina YL, Radchenko AS, Egorov AE, Kostyukov AA, Melnikov PV, Chkanikov ND, Kuzmin VA, Shtil AA, Markova AA. Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsions with Fluorous Chlorin-Type Photosensitizers for Antitumor Photodynamic Therapy in Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097995. [PMID: 37175700 PMCID: PMC10178184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) strictly depends on the availability of molecular oxygen to trigger the light-induced generation of reactive species. Fluorocarbons have an increased ability to dissolve oxygen and are attractive tools for gas delivery. We synthesized three fluorous derivatives of chlorin with peripheral polyfluoroalkyl substituents. These compounds were used as precursors for preparing nanoemulsions with perfluorodecalin as an oxygen depot. Therefore, our formulations contained hydrophobic photosensitizers capable of absorbing monochromatic light in the long wavelength region and the oxygen carrier. These modifications did not alter the photosensitizing characteristics of chlorin such as the generation of singlet oxygen, the major cytocidal species in PDT. Emulsions readily entered HCT116 colon carcinoma cells and accumulated largely in mitochondria. Illumination of cells loaded with emulsions rapidly caused peroxidation of lipids and the loss of the plasma membrane integrity (photonecrosis). Most importantly, in PDT settings, emulsions potently sensitized cells cultured under prolonged (8 weeks) hypoxia as well as cells after oxygen depletion with sodium sulfite (acute hypoxia). The photodamaging potency of emulsions in hypoxia was significantly more pronounced compared to emulsion-free counterparts. Considering a negligible dark cytotoxicity, our materials emerge as efficient and biocompatible instruments for PDT-assisted eradication of hypoxic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minh Tuan Nguyen
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta V Guseva
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aida N Ataeva
- Department of Faculty Surgery № 1, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovitianov Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey L Sigan
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Shibaeva
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria V Dmitrieva
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan D Burtsev
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia L Volodina
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra S Radchenko
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton E Egorov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Kostyukov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel V Melnikov
- M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 86 Vernadsky Avenue, 119571 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai D Chkanikov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Kuzmin
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Shtil
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115522 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Cyber Intelligence Systems, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 31 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina A Markova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schürmann A, Luerßen B, Mollenhauer D, Janek J, Schröder D. Singlet Oxygen in Electrochemical Cells: A Critical Review of Literature and Theory. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12445-12464. [PMID: 34319075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rechargeable metal/O2 batteries have long been considered a promising future battery technology in automobile and stationary applications. However, they suffer from poor cyclability and rapid degradation. A recent hypothesis is the formation of singlet oxygen (1O2) as the root cause of these issues. Validation, evaluation, and understanding of the formation of 1O2 are therefore essential for improving metal/O2 batteries. We review literature and use Marcus theory to discuss the possibility of singlet oxygen formation in metal/O2 batteries as a product from (electro)chemical reactions. We conclude that experimental evidence is yet not fully conclusive, and side reactions can play a major role in verifying the existence of singlet oxygen. Following an in-depth analysis based on Marcus theory, we conclude that 1O2 can only originate from a chemical step. A direct electrochemical generation, as proposed by others, can be excluded on the basis of theoretical arguments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Schürmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany.,Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Luerßen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany.,Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Doreen Mollenhauer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany.,Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Janek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany.,Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniel Schröder
- Institute of Energy and Process Systems Engineering (InES), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19B, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Al‐Nu'airat J, Oluwoye I, Zeinali N, Altarawneh M, Dlugogorski BZ. Review of Chemical Reactivity of Singlet Oxygen with Organic Fuels and Contaminants. CHEM REC 2020; 21:315-342. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jomana Al‐Nu'airat
- Murdoch University Discipline of Chemistry and Physics, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education 90 South Street Murdoch WA 6150 Australia
| | - Ibukun Oluwoye
- Murdoch University Discipline of Chemistry and Physics, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education 90 South Street Murdoch WA 6150 Australia
| | - Nassim Zeinali
- Murdoch University Discipline of Chemistry and Physics, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education 90 South Street Murdoch WA 6150 Australia
| | - Mohammednoor Altarawneh
- United Arab Emirates University Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed St Al-Ain 15551 United Arab Emirates
| | - Bogdan Z. Dlugogorski
- Charles Darwin University Energy and Resources Institute, Ellengowan Drive Darwin NT 0909 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zimányi L, Thekkan S, Eckert B, Condren AR, Dmitrenko O, Kuhn LR, Alabugin IV, Saltiel J. Determination of the p Ka Values of trans-Resveratrol, a Triphenolic Stilbene, by Singular Value Decomposition. Comparison with Theory. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6294-6302. [PMID: 32635729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c04792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several independent determinations of the pKa values of trans-resveratrol in water have led to conflicting results. Singular value decomposition analysis of UV absorption spectra of trans-resveratrol (t-Resv) in N2-outgased aqueous solutions buffered to pH values in the 7.0-13.6 range yielded the UV spectra of the three anionic forms and the corresponding pKa values: pKa1 = 9.16, pKa2 = 9.77, and pKa3 = 10.55 in very good agreement with calculated theoretical values. The analysis of the absorption spectra guided the assignment of the fluorescence spectrum of each anionic form. With the resolved spectra on hand, we applied the Förster equation to estimate pKa* values of 2.5 and 0, respectively, for the p- and m-OH substituents of t-Resv in S1. Theory supports a proposed mechanism for the reaction of t-Resv anions with O2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- László Zimányi
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, P.O. Box 521, Szeged, Hungary H-6701
| | - Shareefa Thekkan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Brett Eckert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Alanna R Condren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Olga Dmitrenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Leah R Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Igor V Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Jack Saltiel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bauer G. The synergistic effect between hydrogen peroxide and nitrite, two long-lived molecular species from cold atmospheric plasma, triggers tumor cells to induce their own cell death. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101291. [PMID: 31421409 PMCID: PMC6831866 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrite and H2O2 are long-lived species in cold atmospheric plasma and plasma-activated medium. It is known that their synergistic interaction is required for selective apoptosis induction in tumor cells that are treated with plasma-activated medium. This study shows that the interaction between nitrite and H2O2 leads to the formation of peroxynitrite, followed by singlet oxygen generation through the interaction between peroxynitrite and residual H2O2. This primary singlet oxygen causes local inactivation of few catalase molecules on the surface of tumor cells. As a consequence, H2O2 and peroxynitrite that are constantly produced by tumor cells and are usually decomposed by their protective membrane-associated catalase, are surviving at the site of locally inactivated catalase. This leads to the generation of secondary singlet oxygen through the interaction between tumor cell-derived H2O2 and peroxynitrite. This selfsustained process leads to autoamplification of secondary singlet oxygen generation and catalase inactivation. Inactivation of catalase allows the influx of H2O2 through aquaporins, leading to intracellular glutathione depletion and sensitization of the cells for apoptosis induction through lipid peroxidation. It also allows to establish intercellular apoptosis-inducing HOCl signaling, driven by active NOX1 and finalized by lipid peroxidation through hydroxyl radicals that activates the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. This experimentally established model is based on a triggering function of CAP and PAM-derived H2O2/nitrite that causes selective cell death in tumor cells based on their own ROS and RNS. This model explains the selectivity of CAP and PAM action towards tumor cells and is in contradiction to previous models that implicated that ROS/RNS from CAP or PAM were sufficient to directly cause cell death of tumor cells. H2O2 and nitrite generate peroxynitrite, followed by primary singlet oxygen formation. Primary singlet oxygen causes local inactivation of tumor cell protective catalase. Amplificatory generation of secondary singlet oxygen and catalase inactivation are established. Inactivation of catalase allows aquaporin-mediated influx of H2O2 and glutathione depletion. In this way, CAP and PAM trigger tumor cells to contribute to their own cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Bauer
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kwak WJ, Freunberger SA, Kim H, Park J, Nguyen TT, Jung HG, Byon HR, Sun YK. Mutual Conservation of Redox Mediator and Singlet Oxygen Quencher in Lithium–Oxygen Batteries. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Jin Kwak
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Stefan A. Freunberger
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Hun Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), and KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Trung Thien Nguyen
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Gi Jung
- Center for Energy Convergence Research, Green City Technology Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryung Byon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), and KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Kook Sun
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yuan P, Ruan Z, Jiang W, Liu L, Dou J, Li T, Yan L. Oxygen self-sufficient fluorinated polypeptide nanoparticles for NIR imaging-guided enhanced photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:2323-2331. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00493e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen self-sufficient fluorinated polypeptide nanoparticles have been synthesized via the loading of a NIR photosensitizer (BODIPY-Br2) into a water-dispersible drug delivery system for high efficiency PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Physics
- iCHEM
- University of Science and Technology of China
- P. R. China
| | - Zheng Ruan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Physics
- iCHEM
- University of Science and Technology of China
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Le Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Physics
- iCHEM
- University of Science and Technology of China
- P. R. China
| | - Jiaxiang Dou
- School of Life Sciences
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Tuanwei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Physics
- iCHEM
- University of Science and Technology of China
- P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Physics
- iCHEM
- University of Science and Technology of China
- P. R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bauer G. Autoamplificatory singlet oxygen generation sensitizes tumor cells for intercellular apoptosis-inducing signaling. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 172:59-77. [PMID: 29137940 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells express NADPH oxidase-1 (NOX1) in their membrane and control NOX1-based intercellular reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS)-dependent apoptosis-inducing signaling through membrane-associated catalase and superoxide dismutase. TREATMENT of tumor cells with high concentrations of H2O2, peroxnitrite, HOCl, or increasing the concentration of cell-derived NO causes initial generation of singlet oxygen and local inactivation of membrane-associated catalase. As a result, free peroxynitrite and H2O2 interact and generate secondary singlet oxygen. Inactivation of further catalase molecules by secondary singlet oxygen leads to auto-amplification of singlet oxygen generation and catalase inactivation. This allows reactivation of intercellular ROS/RNS-signaling and selective apoptosis induction in tumor cells. The initial singlet oxygen generation seems to be the critical point in this complex biochemical multistep mechanism. Initial singlet oxygen generation requires the interaction between distinct tumor cell-derived ROS and RNS and may also depend on either the induction of NO synthase expression or NOX1 activation through the FAS receptor. FAS receptor activation can be achieved by singlet oxygen. Autoamplificatory generation of singlet oxygen through the interaction between peroxynitrite and hydrogen peroxide inherits a rich potential for the establishment of synergistic effects that may be instrumental for novel approaches of tumor therapy with high selectivity towards malignant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Bauer
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schafzahl L, Mahne N, Schafzahl B, Wilkening M, Slugovc C, Borisov SM, Freunberger SA. Singlet Oxygen during Cycling of the Aprotic Sodium-O 2 Battery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15728-15732. [PMID: 29024316 PMCID: PMC5725720 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aprotic sodium–O2 batteries require the reversible formation/dissolution of sodium superoxide (NaO2) on cycling. Poor cycle life has been associated with parasitic chemistry caused by the reactivity of electrolyte and electrode with NaO2, a strong nucleophile and base. Its reactivity can, however, not consistently explain the side reactions and irreversibility. Herein we show that singlet oxygen (1O2) forms at all stages of cycling and that it is a main driver for parasitic chemistry. It was detected in‐ and ex‐situ via a 1O2 trap that selectively and rapidly forms a stable adduct with 1O2. The 1O2 formation mechanism involves proton‐mediated superoxide disproportionation on discharge, rest, and charge below ca. 3.3 V, and direct electrochemical 1O2 evolution above ca. 3.3 V. Trace water, which is needed for high capacities also drives parasitic chemistry. Controlling the highly reactive singlet oxygen is thus crucial for achieving highly reversible cell operation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schafzahl
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Nika Mahne
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Bettina Schafzahl
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Wilkening
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Slugovc
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Sergey M Borisov
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan A Freunberger
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schafzahl L, Mahne N, Schafzahl B, Wilkening M, Slugovc C, Borisov SM, Freunberger SA. Singulett-Sauerstoff in der aprotischen Natrium-O2
-Batterie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schafzahl
- Institut für Chemische Technologie von Materialien; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Nika Mahne
- Institut für Chemische Technologie von Materialien; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Bettina Schafzahl
- Institut für Chemische Technologie von Materialien; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Martin Wilkening
- Institut für Chemische Technologie von Materialien; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Christian Slugovc
- Institut für Chemische Technologie von Materialien; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Sergey M. Borisov
- Institut für Analytische Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Stefan A. Freunberger
- Institut für Chemische Technologie von Materialien; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Österreich
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee M, Neukirchen S, Cabrele C, Reiser O. Visible-light photoredox-catalyzed desulfurization of thiol- and disulfide-containing amino acids and small peptides. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:556-562. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Myungmo Lee
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Regensburg; D-93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Saskia Neukirchen
- Department of Molecular Biology; University of Salzburg; A-5020 Salzburg Austria
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Ruhr-University Bochum; Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Chiara Cabrele
- Department of Molecular Biology; University of Salzburg; A-5020 Salzburg Austria
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Regensburg; D-93053 Regensburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Booshehri AY, Polo-Lopez M, Castro-Alférez M, He P, Xu R, Rong W, Malato S, Fernández-Ibáñez P. Assessment of solar photocatalysis using Ag/BiVO 4 at pilot solar Compound Parabolic Collector for inactivation of pathogens in well water and secondary effluents. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
15
|
Bhullar J, Bhopale VM, Yang M, Sethuraman K, Thom SR. Microparticle formation by platelets exposed to high gas pressures - An oxidative stress response. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:154-162. [PMID: 27751909 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This investigation explored the mechanism for microparticles (MPs) production by human and murine platelets exposed to high pressures of inert gases. Results demonstrate that MPs production occurs via an oxidative stress response in a dose-dependent manner and follows the potency series N2>Ar>He. Gases with higher van der Waals volumes or polarizability such as SF6 and N2O, or hydrostatic pressure, do not cause MPs production. Singlet O2 is generated by N2, Ar and He, which is linked to NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity. Progression of oxidative stress involves activation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) leading to S-nitrosylation of cytosolic actin. Exposure to gases enhances actin filament turnover and associations between short actin filaments, NOS, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Rac1. Inhibition of NOS or NOX by chemical inhibitors or using platelets from mice lacking NOS2 or the gp91phox component of NOX diminish generation of reactive species, enhanced actin polymerization and MP generation by high pressure gases. We conclude that by initiating a sequence of progressive oxidative stress responses high pressure gases cause platelets to generate MPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasjeet Bhullar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Veena M Bhopale
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Kinjal Sethuraman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Stephen R Thom
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Booshehri AY, Wang R, Xu R. Fabrication of a catalytic polymer composite sheet enabling visible light-driven photocatalytic disinfection of water. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
17
|
Abstract
Superoxide ion (O2(•-)) is of great significance as a radical species implicated in diverse chemical and biological systems. However, the chemistry knowledge of O2(•-) is rather scarce. In addition, numerous studies on O2(•-) were conducted within the latter half of the 20th century. Therefore, the current advancement in technology and instrumentation will certainly provide better insights into mechanisms and products of O2(•-) reactions and thus will result in new findings. This review emphasizes the state-of-the-art research on O2(•-) so as to enable researchers to venture into future research. It comprises the main characteristics of O2(•-) followed by generation methods. The reaction types of O2(•-) are reviewed, and its potential applications including the destruction of hazardous chemicals, synthesis of organic compounds, and many other applications are highlighted. The O2(•-) environmental chemistry is also discussed. The detection methods of O2(•-) are categorized and elaborated. Special attention is given to the feasibility of using ionic liquids as media for O2(•-), addressing the latest progress of generation and applications. The effect of electrodes on the O2(•-) electrochemical generation is reviewed. Finally, some remarks and future perspectives are concluded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Inas M AlNashef
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology , Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Inflammatory diseases (such as arthritis) of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are of considerable socioeconomic significance. There is clear evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species released by, for instance, neutrophils contribute to the degradation of the ECM. Here we will focus on the ROS-induced degradation of the glycosaminoglycans, one important component of the ECM. RECENT ADVANCES The recently developed "anti-TNF-α" therapy is primarily directed against neutrophilic granulocytes that are powerful sources of ROS. Therefore, a more detailed look into the mechanisms of the reactions of these ROS is reasonable. CRITICAL ISSUES Since both enzymes and ROS contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, it is very difficult to estimate the contributions of the individual species in a complex biological environment. This particularly applies as many products are not stable but only transient products that decompose in a time-dependent manner. Thus, the development of suitable analytical methods as well as the establishment of useful biomarkers is a challenging aspect. FUTURE DIRECTIONS If the mechanisms of ECM destruction are understood in more detail, then the development of suitable drugs to treat inflammatory diseases will be hopefully much more successful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beate Fuchs
- Medical Department, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig , Leipzig, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Santaella C, Allainmat B, Simonet F, Chanéac C, Labille J, Auffan M, Rose J, Achouak W. Aged TiO2-based nanocomposite used in sunscreens produces singlet oxygen under long-wave UV and sensitizes Escherichia coli to cadmium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:5245-5253. [PMID: 24697310 DOI: 10.1021/es500216t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
TiO2-based nanocomposite (NC) are widely used as invisible UV protectant in cosmetics. These nanomaterials (NMs) end in the environment as altered materials. We have investigated the properties of T-Lite SF, a TiO2-NC used as sunscreen, after weathering in water and under light. We have examined the formation of ROS and their consequences on cell physiology of Escherichia coli. Our results show that aged-T-Lite SF produced singlet oxygen under low intensity long wave UV and formed hydroxyl radicals at high intensity. Despite the production of these ROS, T-Lite SF had neither effect on the viability of E. coli nor on mutant impaired in oxidative stress, did not induce mutagenesis and did not impair the integrity of membrane lipids, thus seemed safe to bacteria. However, when pre-exposed to T-Lite SF under low intensity UV, cells turned out to be more sensitive to cadmium, a priority pollutant widely disseminated in soil and surface waters. This effect was not a Trojan horse: sensitization of cells was dependent on the formation of singlet oxygen. These results provide a basis for caution, especially on NMs that have no straight environmental toxicity. It is crucial to anticipate indirect and combined effects of environmental pollutants and NMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Santaella
- CEA, IBEB , Laboratory of Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere and Extreme Environments, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Heger M, van Golen RF, Broekgaarden M, Michel MC. The molecular basis for the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of curcumin and its metabolites in relation to cancer. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 66:222-307. [PMID: 24368738 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.004044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the oncopharmacological properties of curcumin at the molecular level. First, the interactions between curcumin and its molecular targets are addressed on the basis of curcumin's distinct chemical properties, which include H-bond donating and accepting capacity of the β-dicarbonyl moiety and the phenylic hydroxyl groups, H-bond accepting capacity of the methoxy ethers, multivalent metal and nonmetal cation binding properties, high partition coefficient, rotamerization around multiple C-C bonds, and the ability to act as a Michael acceptor. Next, the in vitro chemical stability of curcumin is elaborated in the context of its susceptibility to photochemical and chemical modification and degradation (e.g., alkaline hydrolysis). Specific modification and degradatory pathways are provided, which mainly entail radical-based intermediates, and the in vitro catabolites are identified. The implications of curcumin's (photo)chemical instability are addressed in light of pharmaceutical curcumin preparations, the use of curcumin analogues, and implementation of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics of curcumin and its most important degradation products are detailed in light of curcumin's poor bioavailability. Particular emphasis is placed on xenobiotic phase I and II metabolism as well as excretion of curcumin in the intestines (first pass), the liver (second pass), and other organs in addition to the pharmacokinetics of curcumin metabolites and their systemic clearance. Lastly, a summary is provided of the clinical pharmacodynamics of curcumin followed by a detailed account of curcumin's direct molecular targets, whereby the phenotypical/biological changes induced in cancer cells upon completion of the curcumin-triggered signaling cascade(s) are addressed in the framework of the hallmarks of cancer. The direct molecular targets include the ErbB family of receptors, protein kinase C, enzymes involved in prostaglandin synthesis, vitamin D receptor, and DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Heger
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Barbieriková Z, Mihalíková M, Brezová V. Photoinduced Oxidation of Sterically Hindered Amines in Acetonitrile Solutions and Titania Suspensions (An EPR Study). Photochem Photobiol 2012; 88:1442-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
22
|
Lipovsky A, levitski L, Tzitrinovich Z, Gedanken A, Lubart R. The Different Behavior of Rutile and Anatase Nanoparticles in Forming Oxy Radicals Upon Illumination with Visible Light: An EPR Study. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 88:14-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.01015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
23
|
Dryuk VG, Kartsev VG. Mechanism of the directing influence of functional groups and the geometry of reactant molecules on peroxide epoxidation of alkenes. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1999v068n03abeh000398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
24
|
Adam W, Kazakov DV, Kazakov VP. Singlet-Oxygen Chemiluminescence in Peroxide Reactions. Chem Rev 2005; 105:3371-87. [PMID: 16159156 DOI: 10.1021/cr0300035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Adam
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Petrat F, Pindiur S, Kirsch M, de Groot H. NAD(P)H, a primary target of 1O2 in mitochondria of intact cells. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:3298-307. [PMID: 12433931 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m204230200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct reaction of NAD(P)H with oxidants like singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) has not yet been demonstrated in biological systems. We therefore chose different rhodamine derivatives (tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester, TMRM; 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromorhodamine 123 bromide; and rhodamine 123; Rho 123) to selectively generate singlet oxygen within the NAD(P)H-rich mitochondrial matrix of cultured hepatocytes. In a cell-free system, photoactivation of all of these dyes led to the formation of (1)O(2), which readily oxidized NAD(P)H to NAD(P)(+). In hepatocytes loaded with the various dyes only TMRM and Rho 123 proved suited to generating (1)O(2) within the mitochondrial matrix space. Photoactivation of the intracellular dyes (TMRM for 5-10 s, Rho 123 for 60 s) led to a significant (29.6 +/- 8.2 and 30.2 +/- 5.2%) and rapid decrease in mitochondrial NAD(P)H fluorescence followed by a slow increase. Prolonged photoactivation (> or =15 s) of TMRM-loaded cells resulted in even stronger NAD(P)H oxidation, the rapid onset of mitochondrial permeability transition, and apoptotic cell death. These results demonstrate that NAD(P)H is the primary target for (1)O(2) in hepatocyte mitochondria. Thus NAD(P)H may operate directly as an intracellular antioxidant, as long as it is regenerated. At cell-injurious concentrations of the oxidant, however, NAD(P)H depletion may be the event that triggers cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Petrat
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Universitätsklinikum, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
HO2*, usually termed either hydroperoxyl radical or perhydroxyl radical, is the protonated form of superoxide; the protonation/deprotonation equilibrium exhibits a pK(a) of around 4.8. Consequently, about 0.3% of any superoxide present in the cytosol of a typical cell is in the protonated form. This ratio is rather accurately reflected by the published literature on the two species, as identified by a PubMed search; at the time of writing only 28 articles mention "HO2," "hydroperoxyl" or "perhydroxyl" in their titles, as against 9228 mentioning superoxide. Here it is argued that this correlation is not justifiable: that HO2*'s biological and biomedical importance far exceeds the attention it has received. Several key observations of recent years are reviewed that can be explained much more economically when the participation of HO2* is postulated. It is suggested that a more widespread appreciation of the possible role of HO2* in biological systems would be of considerable benefit to biomedical research.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Following the requirement for cells to cope with oxidative stress, there are cellular adaptation mechanisms at the level of gene expression. Much of what is known about oxidant-induced signaling in mammalian cells was found in experiments using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. However, since the biochemical reactivities of various oxidants significantly differ, 'oxidative stress' is not necessarily identical independent of the oxidant employed to bring it about. Here, the biological actions of peroxynitrite and singlet oxygen are presented, focusing on signaling effects. Peroxynitrite is generated in biological systems in the diffusion-controlled reaction of superoxide with nitrogen monoxide and is thus likely to be produced in the vicinity of activated macrophages. Singlet oxygen is generated by stimulated neutrophils in vivo and may further be generated photochemically, e.g. upon exposure of cells to ultraviolet A radiation. Exposure of cells to either of these oxidants elicits a cellular stress response, entailing the activation of signaling cascades that regulate proliferative and apoptotic responses, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades or the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt cascade. Two mechanisms for the oxidant-induced activation of a signaling cascade may be envisaged: (i) the indirect targeting of the cascade by interrupting negative regulation, and (ii) an activating oxidation of one of the constituting components of the cascade. Examples for both mechanisms in relation to peroxynitrite and singlet oxygen are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars-Oliver Klotz
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Srinivasan A, Lehmler HJ, Robertson LW, Ludewig G. Production of DNA strand breaks in vitro and reactive oxygen species in vitro and in HL-60 cells by PCB metabolites. Toxicol Sci 2001; 60:92-102. [PMID: 11222876 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/60.1.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PCBs are industrial chemicals that continue to contaminate our environment. They cause various toxic effects in animals and in exposed human populations. The mechanisms of toxicity, however, are not completely understood. PCBs are metabolized by cytochromes P450 to mono- and dihydroxylated compounds. Dihydroxy-PCBs can potentially be oxidized to the corresponding quinones. We hypothesized that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by redox reactions of PCB metabolites. We tested several synthetic dihydroxy- and quinoid-PCBs with 1-3 chlorines for their potential to produce ROS in vitro and in HL-60 human leukemia cells, and DNA strand breaks in vitro. All dihydroxy-PCBs tested produced superoxide. The quinones generated superoxide only in the presence of GSH, probably during the autoxidation of the glutathione conjugates. We observed increased superoxide production with decreasing halogenation. Incubation of dihydroxy-PCBs or PCB quinones + GSH with plasmid DNA resulted in DNA strand break induction in the presence of Cu(II). Tests with various ROS scavengers indicated that hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen are likely involved in this strand break induction. Finally, dihydroxy- and quinoid PCBs also produced ROS in HL-60 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We conclude that dihydroxylated PCBs, and PCB quinones after reaction with GSH, produce superoxide and other ROS both in vitro and in HL-60 cells, and oxidative DNA damage in the form of DNA strand breaks in vitro. The reactions seen in vitro and in cells may well be a predictor of the toxicity of PCBs in animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Srinivasan
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, 306 Health Sciences Research Building, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ostrovidov S, Franck P, Joseph D, Martarello L, Kirsch G, Belleville F, Nabet P, Dousset B. Screening of new antioxidant molecules using flow cytometry. J Med Chem 2000; 43:1762-9. [PMID: 10794693 DOI: 10.1021/jm991019j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a flow cytometry technique to evaluate the antioxidative properties of molecules on living cells, using a stable murine-murine hybridoma (Mark 3) cell line routinely cultured. Using this technique, intracellular superoxide anions and peroxides were evaluated with dihydrorhodamine (DHR-123) and dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), respectively. When cells were first incubated for 10 min with either H(2)O(2) or the xanthine (X)/xanthine oxidase (XO) system, this flow cytometric technique was capable of evaluating the oxidative stress on cells. Twenty-one new analogues of ellipticine were synthesized and tested for their antioxidative properties compared to vitamin E and Ebselen used as references. A good statistical reflection of the antioxidative activities of these molecules was achieved by analyzing 35 000 cells in each experiment. Among them, the selenated molecule 18 was found to be 10 times more active than Ebselen but 10 000 times less active than vitamin E. Moreover, eight compounds showed glutathione peroxidase-like activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ostrovidov
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, CHU, C.O. Box 34, 54035 Nancy Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu Q, Suzuki K, Nakaji S, Sugawara K. Antioxidant activities of natural 9-cis and synthetic all-trans β-carotene assessed by human neutrophil chemiluminescence. Nutr Res 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0271-5317(99)00133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
31
|
Lledías F, Hansberg W. Oxidation of Human Catalase by Singlet Oxygen in Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Photochem Photobiol 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1999.tb08298.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
32
|
Konaka R, Kasahara E, Dunlap WC, Yamamoto Y, Chien KC, Inoue M. Irradiation of titanium dioxide generates both singlet oxygen and superoxide anion. Free Radic Biol Med 1999; 27:294-300. [PMID: 10468201 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(99)00050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although photoexcited TiO2 has been known to initiate various chemical reactions, such as the generation of reactive oxygen species, precise mechanism and chemical nature of the generated species remain to be elucidated. The present work demonstrates the generation of singlet oxygen by irradiated TiO2 in ethanol as measured by ESR spectroscopy using 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone (4-oxo-TMP) as a 1O2-sensitive trapping agent. Under identical conditions, the superoxide ion was also detected by spin trapping agent 5,5-dimethyl-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO). Kinetic analysis in the presence of both 4-oxo-TMP and DMPO revealed that singlet oxygen is produced directly at the irradiated TiO2 surface but not by a successive reaction involving superoxide anion. The basis for this view is the fact that DMPO added in the mixture increased the signals responsible for 4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (4-oxo-TEMPO), a reaction product of 4-oxo-TMP and 1O2. The detailed mechanism for the generation of 1O2 and superoxide ion by irradiated TiO2 and reactions between these species and DMPO are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Konaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka City University Medical School, Abeno, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is based on the dye-sensitized photooxidation of biological matter in the target tissue, and utilizes light activated drugs for the treatment of a wide variety of malignancies. Skin is a target organ for PDT, because of the increasing incidence of skin cancers and the easy accessibility to photosensitizing drugs and light. Skin oxygen tension changes dramatically during and after PDT and seems to be an important treatment parameter. Experimental approaches to modulate oxygen tension (e.g., hyperbaric oxygenation, hyperthermia, or perfluorocarbons) have been studied mainly in animals, and some of these techniques may have the potential to be applied in humans to improve the efficacy and safety of PDT. The main purpose of this review is to provide the reader with current information on cutaneous oxygen physiology and oximetry, the role of oxygen and singlet oxygen (1O2) in PDT, and approaches to modulate skin oxygen tension. The literature indicates that it may be possible to utilize transcutaneous oxygen measurements as a valuable measure of the clinical effectiveness of PDT and as an in situ predictor of the energy required to elicit a biological response. Consequently the effectiveness of PDT can be manipulated by modulating skin oxygen tension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Fuchs
- Department of Dermatology, Medical School, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kerver ED, Vogels IM, Bosch KS, Vreeling-Sindelárová H, Van den Munckhof RJ, Frederiks WM. In situ detection of spontaneous superoxide anion and singlet oxygen production by mitochondria in rat liver and small intestine. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 1997; 29:229-37. [PMID: 9472385 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026453926517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the endogenous formation of reactive oxygen species was localized in rat liver and small intestine. The 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB)-Mn2+ technique in which cobalt ions were included in the incubation medium was applied to unfixed cryostat sections of intact tissues. Addition of manganese ions to the DAB-Co(2+)-containing medium greatly increased the amounts of final reaction product formed compared with incubations with only DAB and cobalt ions. In liver, a blue final reaction product was deposited, particularly in hepatocytes surrounding portal tracts. In the small intestine, the DAB-cobalt complex was mainly found at the basal side of enterocytes. Goblet cells remained unstained. Electron microscopical images revealed that an electron-dense reaction product was exclusively present at both inner and outer membranes and at the intermembrane space in mitochondria of liver parenchymal cells and duodenal enterocytes. It was shown that the spontaneous formation of final reaction product was enzymatic and dependent on the presence of oxygen in the medium. Sulphide decreased the reaction, which may indicate that cytochrome c oxidase was partially involved. Benzoquinone and histidine, which are scavengers of superoxide anions and singlet oxygen respectively, reduced the amount of final reaction product considerably. Furthermore, the formation of final reaction product was sensitive to specific inhibitors of NADH:coenzyme Q reductase and aldehyde oxidase, indicating that these enzymes were at least partly responsible for the generation of superoxide anions and singlet oxygen and for the formation of the DAB-cobalt complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E D Kerver
- Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gilaberte Y, Pereboom D, Carapeto FJ, Alda JO. Flow cytometry study of the role of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide in cellular photodestruction with 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 1997; 13:43-9. [PMID: 9361128 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.1997.tb00107.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry was used to investigate the participation of reactive oxygen species, other than singlet oxygen, in the cytotoxic effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in vitro in A-431 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells and human skin fibroblasts (HSF). We used propidium iodide to determine cellular cytotoxicity, hydroethidine to measure intracellular superoxide anion (O2-) and dihydrorhodamine 123 to assess intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content. Our data support the importance of the incubation time with ALA in the selectivity of PDT with ALA against SCC cells, inducing minimum damage on normal HSF. Photoradiation mortality curves of the response of these cell lines to ALA-induced PpIX photosensitization correlated with the extent of photosensitizer accumulation. Intracellular O2- production correlated with cell death, increasing both in a light dose-dependent fashion in ALA treated cells. This correlation was not observed with H2O2-intracellular production. These results suggest the effectiveness of PDT with ALA in vitro in SCC, the significant participation of O2- in its phototoxic mechanism, and the usefulness of flow cytometry in the study of the cytotoxic effect of ALA-induced PpIX PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Gilaberte
- Department of Pharmacology, Zaragoza Medical School, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dzwigaj S, Pezerat H. Singlet oxygen-trapping reaction as a method of (1)O2 detection: role of some reducing agents. Free Radic Res 1995; 23:103-15. [PMID: 7581808 DOI: 10.3109/10715769509064025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The production of singlet oxygen by H2O2 disproportionation and via the oxidation of H2O2 by NaOCl in a neutral medium was monitored by spin trapping with 2,2,6,6 tetramethyl-4-piperidone (TMPone). The singlet oxygen formed in both reactions oxidized 2,2,6,6 tetramethyl-4-piperidone to give nitroxide radicals. However the production of nitroxide radicals was relatively small considering the concentrations of H2O2 and NaOCl used in the reaction systems. Addition of electron donating agents: ascorbate, Fe2+ and desferrioxamine leads to an increase in the production of nitroxide radicals. We assumed that a very slow step of the reaction sequence, the homolytic breaking of the O-O bond of N-hydroperoxide (formed as an intermediate product during the reaction of 1O2 with TMPone) could be responsible for the relatively small production of nitroxide radicals. Electron donating agents added to the reaction system probably raise the rate of the hydroperoxide decomposition by allowing a more rapid heterolytic cleavage of the O-O bond leading to a greater production of nitroxide radicals. The largest effect was observed in the presence of desferrioxamine. Its participation in this process is proved by the concomitant appearance of desferrioxamine nitroxide radicals. The results obtained demonstrate that the method proposed by several authors and tested in this study to detect singlet oxygen is not convenient for precise quantitative studies. The reactivity of TMPone towards O2.-/HO2. and .OH has been also investigated. It has been found that both O2.-/HO2. and .OH radicals formed in a phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4, 37 degrees C), respectively by a xanthine-oxidase/hypoxanthine system and via H2O2 UV irradiation, do not oxidize 2,2,6,6 tetramethyl-4-piperidone to nitroxide radicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Dzwigaj
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) have recently been found to be important signaling molecules in several cellular responses. Individual species have characteristic reactive properties, yet are easily interconverted, making it difficult to identify the ROSs involved in each response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A U Khan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Li S, Schöneich C, Borchardt RT. Chemical pathways of peptide degradation. VIII. Oxidation of methionine in small model peptides by prooxidant/transition metal ion systems: influence of selective scavengers for reactive oxygen intermediates. Pharm Res 1995; 12:348-55. [PMID: 7617519 DOI: 10.1023/a:1016240115675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In the presence of oxygen, Fe(III), and an appropriate electron donor (e.g. ascorbic acid, dithiothreitol), the oxidation of methionine residues to methionine sulfoxides in small model peptides can be induced. It is shown in this study that these oxidations can be retarded by catalase in a pH-dependent manner, by some hydroxyl radical scavengers, and by azide. In contrast, superoxide dismutase has only a minimal effect, indicating that the superoxide radical does not contribute significantly to the oxidation of the methionine residue. The experimental results can be interpreted by invoking hydrogen peroxide as the major oxidizing species at pH < or = 7, whereas the involvement of free hydroxyl radicals seems to be negligible. Other reactive oxygen intermediates such as iron-bound hydroperoxy, or site-specifically generated reactive oxygen species may be actively involved in the oxidation of methionine residues at pH > 7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Characteristic chemiluminescence emission of singlet (1 delta g) molecular oxygen at 1268 nm is reported from a Haber-Weiss reaction. The reaction consists of mixing aqueous hydrogen peroxide with a solution of potassium superoxide, solubilized by 18-crown-6 ether in carbon tetrachloride or in dry acetonitrile at room temperature. Since the discovery of the enzyme superoxide dismutase by J.M. McCord and I. Fridovich [(1968) J. Biol. Chem. 243, 5733-5760], the identity of the reactive oxidant in superoxide-generating systems in biology has remained a chemical mystery. The results presented here suggest strongly that the reactive species is singlet oxygen generated via the Haber-Weiss reaction and not, as usually assumed, the hydroxyl radical, .OH, generated by the same reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A U Khan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Durner J, Gailus V, Böger P. The oxygenase reaction of acetolactate synthase detected by chemiluminescence. FEBS Lett 1994; 354:71-3. [PMID: 7957905 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)01097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the synthesis of ketolacids the enzyme acetolactate synthase shows an oxygen-consuming side reaction. Partially purified acetolactate synthase from corn (Zea mays L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) exhibits chemiluminescence in the presence of oxygen, Mn2+ and low concentrations of pyruvate. Light emission is inhibited by azide, but not by catalse or superoxide dismutase. The data suggest the formation of singlet oxygen during the catalytic cycle, and provides a basis for a highly sensitive assay for the oxygenase reaction of acetolactate synthesis. Both synthase activity and chemiluminescence are inhibited by sulfonylurea herbicides. The results add a new aspect to the irreversible inhibition of acetolactate synthase by these herbicides which may be enhanced by the presence of reactive oxygen species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Durner
- Lehrstuhl für Physiologie und Biochemie, Pflanzen Universität Konstanz, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Affiliation(s)
- G Rothe
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Extracellular production of singlet oxygen by stimulated macrophages quantified using 9,10-diphenylanthracene and perylene in a polystyrene film. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)82305-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
43
|
Khan AU, Mei YH, Wilson T. A proposed function for spermine and spermidine: protection of replicating DNA against damage by singlet oxygen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992; 89:11426-7. [PMID: 1454830 PMCID: PMC50563 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.23.11426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Like all aliphatic amines, the polyamines spermine and spermidine are physical quenchers of singlet molecular oxygen (1O2*). The rate constants of these processes were determined in vitro with photochemically generated 1O2* and the hydrocarbon rubrene as substrate, in pyridine. At millimolar concentration, spermine and spermidine should quench 1O2* in vivo and prevent it from damaging DNA. It is proposed that a biological function of polyamines is the protection of replicating DNA against oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A U Khan
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Stepień K, Porebska-Budny M, Hollek AM, Wilczok T. The inhibiting effect of catecholamine-melanins on UV-induced lecithin peroxidation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 1992; 15:223-31. [PMID: 1333525 DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(92)85126-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It was found that the yield of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in UV-irradiated liposome membranes was significantly suppressed in the presence of catecholamine-melanins, indicating their ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation. The extent of inhibition depended on the type and concentration of melanin polymers. Melanin-copper complexes inhibited lecithin photooxidation less effectively than copper-free melanins derived from the same precursor. The antioxidant efficiency of melanins appears to be related to the levels of intrinsic and photo-induced free radical centers in the melanin polymer, as well as to accessibility of these centers for active species formed during irradiation of liposomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Stepień
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silesian Medical Academy, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Intracellular singlet oxygen generation by phagocytosing neutrophils in response to particles coated with a chemical trap. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)42228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
46
|
Duchstein HJ, Gurka HJ. Activated species of oxygen: a challenge to modern pharmaceutical chemistry. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 1992; 325:129-46. [PMID: 1642513 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19923250302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
47
|
Wagai N, Tawara K. Important role of oxygen metabolites in quinolone antibacterial agent-induced cutaneous phototoxicity in mice. Arch Toxicol 1991; 65:495-9. [PMID: 1656915 DOI: 10.1007/bf01977363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether or not the generation of reactive oxygens and toxic photoproducts participated in the cutaneous phototoxicity mechanisms induced by the quinolone derivatives, ofloxacin (OFLX), enoxacin, lomefloxacin, ciprofloxacin and DR-3355 (the s-isomer of OFLX) in a mouse model. Pretreatment of Balb/c mice with allopurinol, soybean trypsin inhibitor, catalase and beta-carotene gave significant protection against ear swelling reactions induced by oral administration of quinolones and following ultraviolet-A (UVA) irradiation. Pretreatment with diethyldithiocarbamate augmented the swelling. No swelling was observed with direct injection into the auricle of UVA-pretreated photoproducts of the quinolones. These results showed that cutaneous phototoxicity did not depend on the generation of toxic photoproducts and suggested that oxygen metabolites generated in the xanthine oxidase pathway participated in the toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Wagai
- Research Institute, Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Deby C, Goutier R. New perspectives on the biochemistry of superoxide anion and the efficiency of superoxide dismutases. Biochem Pharmacol 1990; 39:399-405. [PMID: 2154984 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(90)90043-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Deby
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Radiobiologie, Institut de Chimie, Liège, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tran JM, Henry HL. Characterization of 19-nor-10-oxo-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 production by solubilized chick kidney mitochondria and bovine serum albumin. JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY 1989; 33:395-403. [PMID: 2779231 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(89)90329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The vitamin D3 metabolite obtained from the incubation of 3-[(cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPSO)-solubilized chick kidney mitochondria with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) was identified to be 5(E)-19-nor-10-oxo-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (5(E)-19-nor). The production of 19-nor was dependent on time and on protein concentration, but was not dependent on the pH of the incubation. 19-Nor was not formed in the absence of protein or when protein had been heat-treated following detergent solubilization. 19-Nor was not further metabolized to any other product upon incubation with the CHAPSO-solubilized proteins. No 19-nor-10-oxo derivative of 1,25(OH)2D3 was formed when 1,25(OH)2D3 was used as substrate in the incubation. Kinetic analysis showed a substrate saturation with an apparent Vmax of about 4.1 pmol/min.mg and S0.5 of approximately 1.3 x 10(-6) M. The production of 19-nor was not restricted to the CHAPSO-soluble protein fraction of kidney mitochondria but was also found in both the CHAPSO-soluble and -insoluble fractions of chick liver mitochondria and CHAPSO-treated bovine serum albumin (BSA). 19-Nor production by detergent-treated BSA also showed saturation kinetics with a similar S0.5 and an apparent Vmax which was about 5-fold higher than that obtained with CHAPSO-solubilized mitochondria. The evidence suggests that the formation of 19-nor is not mediated by a traditional enzyme, but does require protein. A mechanism for the conversion of 25-OH-E3 to 19-nor is proposed, in which the naturally-occurring 5(Z)-25-OH-D3 substrate binds to protein, isomerizes to 5(E)-25-OH-D3 and is oxidized by hydrogen peroxide to 5(E)-19-nor via a dioxetane intermediate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Tran
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside 92521
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Khan AU. Near infrared emission of singlet oxygen generated in the dark. JOURNAL OF BIOLUMINESCENCE AND CHEMILUMINESCENCE 1989; 4:200-7. [PMID: 2552754 DOI: 10.1002/bio.1170040129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen generation is reported from (1) enzymatic reaction and (2) electron transfer reactions of the superoxide anion measured directly with an ultrasensitive near-IR emission spectrophotometer by monitoring the O2(1 delta g)----O2 (3 sigma g-) transition at 1268 nm. Near-IR emission spectra from the myeloperoxidase and lactoperoxidase enzymatic systems show only emission of singlet oxygen at 1268 nm. The lipoxygenase/Na-linoleate enzymatic reaction exhibits two emissions, 1268 nm and 1288 nm. The latter emission is identified as originating from a peroxy radical. Spectral and kinetic data giving evidence of singlet oxygen generation is obtained from the reaction of potassium superoxide solubilized by 18-crown-6-ether in acetonitrile with a series of organometallic coordination compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A U Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| |
Collapse
|