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Bieniek JC, Mashtakov B, Schollmeyer D, Waldvogel SR. Dehydrogenative Electrochemical Synthesis of N-Aryl-3,4-Dihydroquinolin-2-ones by Iodine(III)-Mediated Coupling Reaction. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303388. [PMID: 38018461 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemically generated hypervalent iodine(III) species are powerful reagents for oxidative C-N coupling reactions, providing access to valuable N-heterocycles. A new electrocatalytic hypervalent iodine(III)-mediated in-cell synthesis of 1H-N-aryl-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2-ones by dehydrogenative C-N bond formation is presented. Catalytic amounts of the redox mediator, a low supporting electrolyte concentration and recycling of the solvent used make this method a sustainable alternative to electrochemical ex-cell or conventional approaches. Furthermore, inexpensive, readily available electrode materials and a simple galvanostatic set-up are applied. The broad functional group tolerance could be demonstrated by synthesizing 23 examples in yields up to 96 %, with one reaction being performed on a 10-fold higher scale. Based on the obtained results a sound reaction mechanism could be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Bieniek
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Boris Mashtakov
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Arcadi A, Calcaterra A, Fabrizi G, Fochetti A, Goggiamani A, Iazzetti A, Marrone F, Mazzoccanti G, Serraiocco A. One-pot synthesis of dihydroquinolones by sequential reactions of o-aminobenzyl alcohol derivatives with Meldrum's acids. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3160-3173. [PMID: 35343991 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00289b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The functionalized 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2-one nucleus has been assembled in good to high yields through the sequential reaction of readily available N-Ts-o-aminobenzyl alcohols with 5-substituted Meldrum's acid derivatives under mild basic conditions. Highly diastereoselective synthesis of 3-substituted-4-phenyl-1-tosyl-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-ones was accomplished from N-(2-(hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)phenyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide under the same reaction conditions. Regarding the reaction mechanism, we hypothesized that the formation of dihydroquinolones proceeds through the in situ generation of aza-o-QMs followed by conjugate addition of enolate/cyclization/elimination of acetone and CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Arcadi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Scienze dell'Informazione e Matematica, Università degli Studi di L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito, AQ, Italy
| | - Andrea Calcaterra
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Fabrizi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Fochetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Goggiamani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonia Iazzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Federico Marrone
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Mazzoccanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Serraiocco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Yan L, Li Q, Xu H, Xu Z, Yu Q, Qin Y, Rong L. An efficient in-situ reduction and cyclization reaction for the synthesis of 9-aryl-1,6,8,9-tetrahydro-7 H -pyrazolo[3,4- f ]quinolin-7-one, 11-aryl-1,6,7,8,9,11-hexahydro-10 H -pyrazolo [3,4- a ]acridin-10-one, and 11-aryl-3,6,7,8,9,11-hexahydro-10 H -imidazo[4,5- a ]acridin-10-one derivatives. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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ZnBr 2 catalyzed domino Knoevenagel-hetero-Diels–Alder reaction: An efficient route to polycyclic thiopyranoindol annulated [3,4- c ]quinolone derivatives. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Li B, Park Y, Chang S. Regiodivergent Access to Five- and Six-Membered Benzo-Fused Lactams: Ru-Catalyzed Olefin Hydrocarbamoylation. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:1125-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ja411913e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
- State
Key Laboratory of Element-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yoonsu Park
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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Horn J, Li HY, Marsden SP, Nelson A, Shearer RJ, Campbell AJ, House D, Weingarten GG. Convergent synthesis of dihydroquinolones from o-aminoarylboronates. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.06.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Saitoh Y, Tani T, Asahi Y, Man Z, Kawano K, Ikunaga H. Improving effect of carteolol on bodyweight and carbohydrate and lipid metabolic responses in the OLETF rat. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1997; 24:321-5. [PMID: 9143781 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb01195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
1. Carteolol, a non-selective beta-blocker with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, admixed in a pellet diet was administered to Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, an animal model of spontaneous non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with mild obesity. A high dose of carteolol (0.02%) suppressed bodyweight gain without affecting food and water consumption until the appearance of glycosuria. Carteolol tended to reduce the cumulative incidence of glycosuria at 26 weeks after the beginning of administration (55, 17 and 25% in control rats, and in rats fed a low (0.002%) and high dose of carteolol, respectively). 2. At the 26th week of administration, the high dose of carteolol decreased visceral fat weight, such as that of retroperitoneal and epididymal adipose tissue, whereas the liver and the kidney were not affected. 3. Although plasma glucose and triglyceride levels in non-fasted rats were elevated with age, carteolol tended to delay the increases in those parameters. Carteolol suppressed the increase in plasma glucose levels, which indicate the diabetic pattern, in a 25th week oral glucose tolerance test. 4. These findings indicate that carteolol induces improvements in bodyweight and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in an obese condition. Consequently, carteolol may be useful for the treatment of hypertension with obesity in order to prevent cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Saitoh
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Japan.
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Abe K, Inoue H, Yokota Y. Effects of the selective beta 2-adrenergic agonists, procaterole and terbutaline, on protein secretion by rat submandibular glands. J Dent Res 1985; 64:886-90. [PMID: 3158682 DOI: 10.1177/00220345850640060501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the secretory effects of two beta 2-adrenergic agonists, procaterole and terbutaline, on the submandibular glands of anesthetized rats. After stimulation with these agents with and without a range of antagonists (non-specific alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockers), submandibular saliva was collected. The flow rate, protein concentration, the electrophoretic patterns, and amino acid composition of saliva were examined. These parameters were compared with their counterparts in saliva stimulated with isoproterenol (IPR), with and without antagonists. Assessed by these criteria, secreted proteins were classified as the alpha- or beta-type. In addition, IPR-stimulated proteins were compared in submandibular saliva of rats chronically treated with IPR or procaterole. Both beta 2-agonists were potent secretagogues for the submandibular glands of rats. All beta-antagonists completely abolished the secretory effects elicited by both beta 2-agonists, with the exceptions of carteolol and propranolol. However, no blocking agent abolished the secretory effects of IPR (60 mg/kg). The types of proteins in all submandibular saliva samples elicited by both beta 2-agonists with and without antagonists were the beta-type. Enlargement of the submandibular glands was not observed in rats subjected to chronic administration of procaterole, nor were abnormal and additional proteins observed, as confirmed by electrophoresis and by the amino acid analyses.
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Shimazu T, Usami M. Further studies on the mechanism of phosphorylase activation in rabbit liver in response to splanchnic nerve stimulation. J Physiol 1982; 329:231-42. [PMID: 6128410 PMCID: PMC1224777 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1982.sp014300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The mechanism of activation of liver phosphorylase after splanchnic nerve stimulation has been investigated in rabbits and compared with the effects of intraportal injections of noradrenaline.2. The increase in the activity of liver phosphorylase-a, the active form of this key glycogenolytic enzyme, in response to injections of noradrenaline was blocked by beta-adrenergic antagonists, but not by alpha-adrenergic antagonists, suggesting that the effect of noradrenaline is mediated mainly through beta-adrenoceptors in vivo. In contrast, the increase in phosphorylase activity in response to stimulation of the peripheral end of the splanchnic nerve was resistant to both alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blockade.3. When diltiazem and verapamil, selective Ca(2+) antagonists that restrict calcium influx across the cell membrane, were infused intraportally, the phosphorylase response to splanchnic nerve stimulation was virtually abolished, while the response to noradrenaline was unaltered.4. Infusion of the prostaglandin-synthesis inhibitor indomethacin at a dose of 3.4 mug/min was found to block the activation of liver phosphorylase in response to stimulation of the splanchnic innervation.5. These results suggest that the mechanism whereby stimulation of the sympathetic innervation to the liver leads to activation of phosphorylase is not mediated by either alpha- or beta-adrenoceptors, but appears to depend upon prostaglandin formation and influx of Ca(2+) ions into the hepatocytes.
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Abstract
Hypothalamic and autonomic nervous regulation of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism in the liver and of lipid metabolism in adipose tissues is described. The direct neural mechanism underlying this regulation has been evaluated. Electrical stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH)-splanchnic nerve system causes glycogenolysis in the liver by rapid activation of glycogen phosphorylase, whereas electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamic nucleus (LH)-vagus nerve system promotes glycogenesis in the liver by activation of glycogen synthetase, through direct neural and neural-hormonal mechanisms. Studies on chemical coding of the hypothalamic neurones have revealed that norepinephrine-sensitive neurones in the VMH and acetylcholine-sensitive neurones in the LH are specifically involved in the regulation of liver phosphorylase and glycogen synthetase, respectively. Acetylcholine-sensitive neurones of the LH were also found to be concerned in regulation of hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase activity, through intermediation of the cholinergic system in the LH-vagal pathway. Finally, it has been shown that the VMH acts as a regulatory centre for lipolysis in adipose tissues by modulating activation of the sympathetic nervous system. In addition, stimulation of the VMH enhanced lipogenesis in brown adipose tissue preferentially, probably through a mechanism mediated by sympathetic innervation of this tissue. The latter finding suggests that both the breakdown and resynthesis of triglycerides in brown adipose tissue, but not in white adipose tissue, are accelerated by stimulation of the VMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shimazu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shigenobu, Ehime, Japan
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Saitoh Y, Irie Y, Hosokawa T, Igawa T, Hashimura F, Kohri H. Evaluation of a new beta-adrenoceptor agonist, procaterol, based on metabolic responses in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 1978; 27:2531-5. [PMID: 31885 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(78)90321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ichihara K, Saitoh Y, Abiko Y. Effect of carteolol, a new beta-adrenergic blocking agent, on myocardial metabolic response to coronary artery ligation in dogs. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 1977; 27:475-8. [PMID: 335132 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.27.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Saitoh Y, Morita S, Irie Y, Kohri H. Evaluation of a new beta-adrenergic blocking agent, carteolol, based on metabolic responses in rats-II. Blockade by carteolol of the epinephrine-and isoproterenol-induced increases of tissue and blood cyclic AMP in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol 1976; 25:1843-9. [PMID: 9090 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(76)90188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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