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Ataei S, Yilmaz S, Ertan-Bolelli T, Yildiz I. Generated 3D-common feature hypotheses using the HipHop method for developing new topoisomerase I inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2015; 348:498-507. [PMID: 25914208 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201500045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The continued interest in designing novel topoisomerase I (Topo I) inhibitors and the lack of adequate ligand-based computer-aided drug discovery efforts combined with the drawbacks of structure-based design prompted us to explore the possibility of developing ligand-based three-dimensional (3D) pharmacophore(s). This approach avoids the pitfalls of structure-based techniques because it only focuses on common features among known ligands; furthermore, the pharmacophore model can be used as 3D search queries to discover new Topo I inhibitory scaffolds. In this article, we employed the HipHop module using Discovery Studio to construct plausible binding hypotheses for clinically used Topo I inhibitors, such as camptothecin, topotecan, belotecan, and SN-38, which is an active metabolite of irinotecan. The docked pose of topotecan was selected as a reference compound. The first hypothesis (Hypo 01) among the obtained 10 hypotheses was chosen for further analysis. Hypo 01 had six features, which were two hydrogen-bond acceptors, one hydrogen-bond donor, one hydrophob aromatic and one hydrophob aliphatic, and one ring aromatic. Our obtained hypothesis was checked by using some of the aromathecin derivatives which were published for their Topo I inhibitory potency. Moreover, five structures were found to be possible anti-Topo I compounds from the DruglikeDiverse database. From this research, it can be suggested that our model could be useful for further studies in order to design new potent Topo I-targeting antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Ataei
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Tandogan-Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serap Yilmaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Turkey
| | - Tugba Ertan-Bolelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Turkey
| | - Ilkay Yildiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Turkey
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Bian Z, Yu Y, Quan C, Guan R, Jin Y, Wu J, Xu L, Chen F, Bai J, Sun W, Fu S. RPL13A as a reference gene for normalizing mRNA transcription of ovarian cancer cells with paclitaxel and 10-hydroxycamptothecin treatments. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:3188-94. [PMID: 25523336 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene transcription analysis is important in cancer research, and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) has been demonstrated to be an effective method to evaluate gene transcription in cancer. RT‑qPCR requires an internal reference gene with a consistent level of mRNA transcription across various experimental conditions. However, it has been suggested that different treatments, including anticancer therapy, may influence the transcriptional stability of internal reference genes. Paclitaxel (PTX) and 10‑hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) are widely used to treat various types of cancer, and a suitable internal reference gene is required in order to analyze the transcription profiles of the cells following treatment. In the current study, the transcriptional stability of 30 candidate reference genes was investigated in cancer cells following treatment with PTX and HCPT. The two ovarian cancer cell lines, UACC‑1598 and SKOV3, were treated with PTX and HCPT for 24 and 48 h, and the transcriptional levels of the candidate reference genes were subsequently evaluated by RT‑qPCR analysis. The transcriptional stability of the selected genes was then analyzed using qbase+ and NormFinder software. A total of 9 genes were demonstrated to exhibit high transcriptional stability and one of these genes, ribosomal protein L13a (RPL13A), was identified to exhibit high transcriptional stability in every group. The current study identified various reference genes suitable under different circumstances, while RPL13A was indicated to be the most suitable reference gene for analyzing the transcription profile of ovarian cancer cells following treatment with PTX and HCPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Bian
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Chao Quan
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Rongwei Guan
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jin
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Lidan Xu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Jing Bai
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Songbin Fu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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Wink M. Molecular modes of action of cytotoxic alkaloids: from DNA intercalation, spindle poisoning, topoisomerase inhibition to apoptosis and multiple drug resistance. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2007; 64:1-47. [PMID: 18085328 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(07)64001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Brunin T, Hénichart JP, Rigo B. Towards new camptothecins. Part 2: Synthesis of the ABCD ring scaffold substituted by a carboxyl group in the 5-position. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Perzyna A, Marty C, Facompré M, Goossens JF, Pommery N, Colson P, Houssier C, Houssin R, Hénichart JP, Bailly C. Formaldehyde-induced DNA cross-link of indolizino[1,2-b]quinolines derived from the A-D rings of camptothecin. J Med Chem 2002; 45:5809-12. [PMID: 12477365 DOI: 10.1021/jm020235g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Camptothecin consists of a lactone E ring adjacent to tetracyclic A-D rings of a planar chromophore, which are essential for topoisomerase I inhibition and DNA interaction. The A-D rings can be exploited to develop DNA-sequence-reading molecules. Indolizino[1,2-b]quinoline derivatives substituted with a piperidinoethyloxy side chain and an aminomethyl function on rings A and D, respectively, were synthesized, and their DNA binding and formaldehyde-mediated bonding properties were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Perzyna
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, EA 2692, Université de Lille 2, BP 83, 59006 Lille, France
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Streltsov SA. Action models for the antitumor drug camptothecin: formation of alkali-labile complex with DNA and inhibition of human DNA topoisomerase I. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2002; 20:447-54. [PMID: 12437383 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2002.10506863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The antitumor activity of camptothecin (CPT) and its derivatives, including water-soluble topotecan (TPT), is determined by their ability to inhibit human DNA topoisomerase I (top 1). On the other hand, TPT has been recently shown to bind to DNA. The proposed models are based on a two-step mechanism of TPT (CPT) dimer interaction with two spatially close DNA duplexes. At the first step, the CPT lactone form binds to DNA (Streltsov et al., Mol. Biol. vol. 36, no. 5 (2002)) through hydrogen bonding of its C16a carbonyl with the guanine 2-amino group. At the second step, CPT is converted to the carboxylate form. In the absence of top 1, the C17 hydroxyl of CPT is involved in ester exchange (nicking of the DNA sugar-phosphate backbone followed by covalent joining of free phosphate to C17) whereas its C20 carboxyl forms two hydrogen bonds with the same guanine nucleotide at the opposite end of the broken DNA backbone. As a result, CPT binds to both ends of the broken DNA. The resulting CPT-DNA complex is alkali-labile. In the presence of top 1, after CPT conversion to the carboxylate form and DNA nicking, the C17 hydroxyl makes a branching hydrogen bond with N1 and N3 of guanine while the C20 carboxyl makes two hydrogen bonds with the NH of Tyr723 and N(delta2)H(2) of Asp722. Owing to this, rotation of one end of the broken sugar-phosphate backbone about the other becomes impossible; hence the CPT inhibitory effect on top 1. The proposed models are consistent with the current body of experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A Streltsov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov st., Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Streltsov S, Sukhanova A, Mikheikin A, Grokhovsky S, Zhuze A, Kudelina I, Mochalov K, Oleinikov V, Jardillier JC, Nabiev I. Structural Basis of Topotecan−DNA Recognition Probed by Flow Linear Dichroism, Circular Dichroism, and Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0112166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Streltsov
- EA3306, Institut Fédératif de Recherche n°3 “Biomolécules”, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France, Laboratory of DNA-Protein Recognition, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117984, Russia, Center for Medical Studies, University of Oslo, Norway, and Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117871, Russia
| | - Alyona Sukhanova
- EA3306, Institut Fédératif de Recherche n°3 “Biomolécules”, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France, Laboratory of DNA-Protein Recognition, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117984, Russia, Center for Medical Studies, University of Oslo, Norway, and Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117871, Russia
| | - Andrey Mikheikin
- EA3306, Institut Fédératif de Recherche n°3 “Biomolécules”, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France, Laboratory of DNA-Protein Recognition, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117984, Russia, Center for Medical Studies, University of Oslo, Norway, and Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117871, Russia
| | - Sergei Grokhovsky
- EA3306, Institut Fédératif de Recherche n°3 “Biomolécules”, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France, Laboratory of DNA-Protein Recognition, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117984, Russia, Center for Medical Studies, University of Oslo, Norway, and Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117871, Russia
| | - Alexei Zhuze
- EA3306, Institut Fédératif de Recherche n°3 “Biomolécules”, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France, Laboratory of DNA-Protein Recognition, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117984, Russia, Center for Medical Studies, University of Oslo, Norway, and Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117871, Russia
| | - Irina Kudelina
- EA3306, Institut Fédératif de Recherche n°3 “Biomolécules”, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France, Laboratory of DNA-Protein Recognition, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117984, Russia, Center for Medical Studies, University of Oslo, Norway, and Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117871, Russia
| | - Konstantin Mochalov
- EA3306, Institut Fédératif de Recherche n°3 “Biomolécules”, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France, Laboratory of DNA-Protein Recognition, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117984, Russia, Center for Medical Studies, University of Oslo, Norway, and Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117871, Russia
| | - Vladimir Oleinikov
- EA3306, Institut Fédératif de Recherche n°3 “Biomolécules”, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France, Laboratory of DNA-Protein Recognition, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117984, Russia, Center for Medical Studies, University of Oslo, Norway, and Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117871, Russia
| | - Jean-Claude Jardillier
- EA3306, Institut Fédératif de Recherche n°3 “Biomolécules”, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France, Laboratory of DNA-Protein Recognition, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117984, Russia, Center for Medical Studies, University of Oslo, Norway, and Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117871, Russia
| | - Igor Nabiev
- EA3306, Institut Fédératif de Recherche n°3 “Biomolécules”, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France, Laboratory of DNA-Protein Recognition, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117984, Russia, Center for Medical Studies, University of Oslo, Norway, and Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117871, Russia
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9
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Kim DK, Ryu DH, Lee JY, Lee N, Kim YW, Kim JS, Chang K, Im GJ, Kim TK, Choi WS. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel A-ring modified hexacyclic camptothecin analogues. J Med Chem 2001; 44:1594-602. [PMID: 11334569 DOI: 10.1021/jm0004751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Eleven A-ring modified hexacyclic analogues of camptothecin (CPT) containing a 1,4-oxazine ring were synthesized from 10-hydroxycamptothecin (11a) and 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (3) (SN-38) in four to five steps and were subjected to the biological tests such as cytotoxicity, topoisomerase I (Topo I) inhibitory activity, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, and stability in human plasma. Four compounds 15a, 15b, 16a, and 16c were about 2-fold more potent than topotecan and as potent as CPT toward human cancer cell lines A549, H128, WiDr, MKN45, SK-OV-3, and SK-BR-3 in vitro, even though the most active compound 15b was slightly less potent than SN-38. The potency of Topo I inhibition of these compounds showed relatively good correlation with their cytotoxicity. Most of the compounds exhibited AChE inhibitory activity weaker (9 +/- 2 to 20 +/- 3%) than CPT (23 +/- 5%) or topotecan (20 +/- 4%) and similar to SN-38 (13 +/- 2%), indicating that they might have little effect on causing early diarrhea. The stability of lactone forms of these compounds in human plasma seemed to be much higher than that of CPT and similar to that of topotecan but lower than that of SN-38. Among the new hexacyclic CPT analogues, compound 15b showed higher antitumor activity against human tumor xenograft, WiDr, in nude mice compared to that of SN-38. The most promising compound 15b has been selected for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Kim
- Life Science Research Center, SK Chemicals, 600 Jungja-Dong, Changan-Ku, Suwon-Si, Kyungki-Do 440-745, Korea.
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10
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Abstract
Homocamptothecins (hCPT) are modified camptothecins (CPT) with a seven-membered beta-hydroxylactone instead of the naturally occurring six-membered alpha-hydroxylactone. This E-ring modification fully conserves the ability to stabilize topo I-DNA single-strand breaks and stimulates high levels of DNA cleavage. A key feature is the irreversibility of E-ring opening, which should give reduced toxicity. Substituted hCPTs have been selected for their high antiproliferative activity on a panel of tumor cell lines, including those with cross resistance, and were found to be active at very low doses in a variety of human tumor xenografts when administered orally. BN 80915, a difluoro-hCPT, has entered clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Lavergne
- Institut Henri Beaufour, 5 avenue du Canada, 91966 Les Ulis, France.
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11
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Subrahmanyam D, Sarma VM, Venkateswarlu A, Sastry TV, Kulakarni AP, Rao DS, Reddy KV. In vitro cytotoxicity of 5-aminosubstituted 20(S)-camptothecins. Part 1. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:2013-20. [PMID: 10530950 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A number of 5-aminosubstituted 20(S)-camptothecin analogues were prepared via semi-synthesis starting from 20(S)-camptothecin and 9-methoxy 20(S)-camptothecin. In vitro anti-cancer activity of these analogues was determined using 60 human tumor cell line assay. Although water solubility of most of these compounds was improved compared to 20(S)-camptothecin, their anti-cancer activity was considerably diminished. However, only smaller substituents such as methylamine or hydroxylamine as present in 8s and 8t, respectively, showed good activity with improved water solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Subrahmanyam
- Natural Products Division, Dr Reddy's Research Foundation, Miyapur, Hyderabad, AP, India
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12
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Subrahmanyam D, Venkateswarlu A, Venkateswara Rao K, Sastry TV, Vandana G, Kumar SA. Novel C-ring analogues of 20(S)-camptothecin-part-2: synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of 5-C-substituted 20(S)-camptothecin analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:1633-8. [PMID: 10397491 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of 5-C-substituted 20(S)-camptothecin analogues were synthesised and evaluated their in vitro anti-cancer activity. Several of these analogues have showed excellent activity against human tumor cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Subrahmanyam
- Natural Products Division, Dr. Reddy's Research Foundation, Miyapur, Hyderabad, India
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13
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Lavergne O, Lesueur-Ginot L, Pla Rodas F, Kasprzyk PG, Pommier J, Demarquay D, Prévost G, Ulibarri G, Rolland A, Schiano-Liberatore AM, Harnett J, Pons D, Camara J, Bigg DC. Homocamptothecins: synthesis and antitumor activity of novel E-ring-modified camptothecin analogues. J Med Chem 1998; 41:5410-9. [PMID: 9876111 DOI: 10.1021/jm980400l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Homocamptothecin (hCPT), a camptothecin (CPT) analogue with a seven membered beta-hydroxylactone which combines enhanced plasma stability and potent topoisomerase I (Topo I)-mediated activity, is an attractive template for the elaboration of new anticancer agents. Like CPT, hCPT carries an asymmetric tertiary alcohol and displays stereoselective inhibition of Topo I. The preparation and biological screening of racemic hCPT analogues are described. The 10 hCPTs tested were better Topo I inhibitors than CPT. Fluorinated hCPTs 23c, d,f,g were found to have potent cytotoxic activity on A427 and PC-3 tumor cell lines. Their cytotoxicity remained high on the K562adr and MCF7mdr cell lines, which overexpress a functionally active P-glycoprotein. Fluorinated hCPTs were more efficacious in vivo than CPT on HT-29 xenografts. In this model, a tumor growth delay of 25 days was reached with hCPT 23g at a daily dose of 0.32 mg/kg, compared to 4 days with CPT at 0.625 mg/kg. Thus difluorinated hCPT 23g warrants further investigation as a novel Topo I inhibitor with high cytotoxicity toward tumor cells and promising in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Lavergne
- Institut Henri Beaufour, 5, avenue du Canada, F-91966 Les Ulis, France
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14
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Topoisomerase I-targeting drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1067-568x(98)80005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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15
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Kawato Y, Terasawa H. 2 Recent Advances in the Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology of Camptothecin. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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16
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Pommier Y, Kohlhagen G, Kohn KW, Leteurtre F, Wani MC, Wall ME. Interaction of an alkylating camptothecin derivative with a DNA base at topoisomerase I-DNA cleavage sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:8861-5. [PMID: 7568032 PMCID: PMC41067 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.19.8861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase I (top1) is a ubiquitous nuclear enzyme. It is specifically inhibited by camptothecin, a natural product derived from the bark of the tree Camptotheca acuminata. Camptothecin and several of its derivatives are presently in clinical trial and exhibit remarkable anticancer activity. The present study is a further investigation of the molecular interactions between the drug and the enzyme-DNA complex. We utilized an alkylating camptothecin derivative, 7-chloromethyl-10,11-methylenedioxycamptothecin (7-ClMe-MDO-CPT), and compared its activity against calf thymus top1 in a DNA oligonucleotide containing a single top1 cleavage site with the activity of its nonalkylating analog, 7-ethyl-10,11-methylenedioxycamptothecin (7-Et-MDO-CPT). In the presence of top1, 7-ClMe-MDO-CPT produced a DNA fragment that migrated more slowly than the top1-cleaved DNA fragment observed with 7-Et-MDO-CPT. Top1 was unable to religate this fragment in the presence of high NaCl concentration or proteinase K at 50 degrees C. This fragment was resistant to piperidine treatment and was also formed with an oligonucleotide containing a 7-deazaguanine at the 5' terminus of the top1-cleaved DNA (base + 1). It was however cleaved by formic acid treatment followed by piperidine. These observations are consistent with alkylation of the +1 base (adenine or guanine) by 7-ClMe-MDO-CPT in the presence of top1 covalent complexes and provide direct evidence that camptothecins inhibit top1 by binding at the enzyme-DNA interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Pommier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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17
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Pommier Y, Tanizawa A, Kohn KW. Mechanisms of topoisomerase I inhibition by anticancer drugs. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 1994; 29B:73-92. [PMID: 8996602 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)61132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Pommier
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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18
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Leteurtre F, Fesen M, Kohlhagen G, Kohn KW, Pommier Y. Specific interaction of camptothecin, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, with guanine residues of DNA detected by photoactivation at 365 nm. Biochemistry 1993; 32:8955-62. [PMID: 8395887 DOI: 10.1021/bi00085a029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Camptothecin-induced DNA photolesions were examined after UVA irradiation at 365 nm. DNA single-strand breaks were induced both in supercoiled and in relaxed SV40 DNA. In uniquely end-labeled human c-myc DNA, camptothecin-induced cleavage occurred exclusively at guanines and was markedly enhanced by hot piperidine treatment. Runs of polyguanines were the most cleaved, especially in their 5' flank. Primer extension experiments in the absence of piperidine treatment confirmed these results and did not show additional lesions. We found that synthetic single-stranded oligonucleotides were more reactive than duplex oligonucleotides. In addition, an excess of dideoxyguanosine triphosphates competed for camptothecin-induced DNA photolesions. Therefore, camptothecin stacking in DNA grooves is more likely than genuine drug intercalation. Groove shielding with sodium or magnesium reduced camptothecin-induced photodamage while minor groove occupancy with spermine extended damages. Photolesion mechanisms were investigated using scavengers. In aerobic conditions, the most effective scavengers were thiourea, sodium azide, and catalase. Protection by superoxide dismutase was weak, and mannitol was ineffective. In anaerobic conditions, lesions were more extensive. Taken together, these results show that photoactivated camptothecin interacts specifically and intimately with guanines. This finding is consistent with preferential stimulation of topoisomerase I cleavage at sites that bear a guanine at their 5'-DNA terminus [Jaxel, C., et al. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 1465-1469] and with the camptothecin stacking model at topoisomerase I DNA cleavage sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Leteurtre
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- G Capranico
- Division of Experimental Oncology B, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Loh JP, Ahmed AE. Determination of camptothecin in biological fluids using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1990; 530:367-76. [PMID: 2079511 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82339-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Camptothecin, a plant alkaloid with antitumor activity, is a potent and rapidly acting inhibitor of DNA synthesis. The objective of this study was to develop a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the detection and estimation of the camptothecin concentration in biological fluids. Using HPLC coupled with fluorescence detection, at an excitation wavelength of 370 nm and an emission wavelength of 434 nm, we found that the lower limits of detection for camptothecin in aqueous, plasma and urine samples were 0.5, 1 and 10 ng/ml, respectively. The ideal mobile phase used was methanol-10 mM potassium phosphate (75:25, v/v, pH 4.0). To determine the utilization of the method in a biological system, we studied the pharmacokinetics of camptothecin in mice. Elimination of camptothecin from mice blood was triphasic and followed first-order kinetics. The half-life of camptothecin in mouse blood was 25.7 min. Our studies indicate that HPLC with fluorescence detection for the determination of camptothecin in different media is a simple, rapid, sensitive and reproducible method.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Loh
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550
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21
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Abstract
Four new and clinically relevant antineoplastic natural products are reviewed. Taxol is derived from the bark of the western yew. It promotes the formation of microtubule bundles which deform the cytoskeleton and interfere with mitosis. Although phase II efficacy testing is incomplete, taxol is effective in the treatment of patients with ovarian carcinoma and has some activity in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma. It remains untested against several other neoplasms. The chief toxicities of taxol are myelosuppression, mucositis, anaphylactoid reactions, and peripheral neuropathy. Homoharringtonine is the most active and abundant of the cephalotaxine esters derived from the genus Cephalotaxus. This agent appears to act at the ribosome to inhibit protein synthesis and has clinical activity in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. The dose limiting toxicities of homoharringtonine are hypotension and myelosuppression. SKF 104864 and CPT-11 are derivatives of camptothecin which are still in early clinical trials. They are cytotoxic in vitro, acting through an interaction with topoisomerase I to induce DNA fragmentation. The spectra of activity and toxicity of SKF 104864 and CPT-11 are still undefined. All four of these new natural products offer possibilities for clinical activity for patients with a variety of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Slichenmyer
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7884
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22
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Schneider E, Hsiang YH, Liu LF. DNA topoisomerases as anticancer drug targets. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 1990; 21:149-83. [PMID: 2176094 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)60342-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Schneider
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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Hertzberg RP, Caranfa MJ, Hecht SM. On the mechanism of topoisomerase I inhibition by camptothecin: evidence for binding to an enzyme-DNA complex. Biochemistry 1989; 28:4629-38. [PMID: 2548584 DOI: 10.1021/bi00437a018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Camptothecin, a cytotoxic antitumor compound, has been shown to produce protein-linked DNA breaks mediated by mammalian topoisomerase I. We have investigated the mechanism by which camptothecin disrupts DNA processing by topoisomerase I and have examined the effect of certain structurally related compounds on the formation of a DNA-topoisomerase I covalent complex. Enzyme-mediated cleavage of supercoiled plasmid DNA in the presence of camptothecin was completely reversed upon the addition of exogenous linear DNA or upon dilution of the reaction mixture. Camptothecin and topoisomerase I produced the same amount of cleavage from supercoiled DNA or relaxed DNA. In addition, the alkaloid decreased the initial velocity of supercoiled DNA relaxation mediated by catalytic quantities of topoisomerase I. Inhibition occurred under conditions favoring processive catalysis as well as under conditions favoring distributive catalysis. By use of [3H]camptothecin and an equilibrium dialysis assay, the alkaloid was shown to bind reversibly to a DNA-topoisomerase I complex, but not to isolated enzyme or isolated DNA. These results are consistent with a model in which camptothecin reversibly traps an intermediate involved in DNA unwinding by topoisomerase I and thereby perturbs a set of equilibria, resulting in increased DNA cleavage. By examining certain compounds that are structurally related to camptothecin, it was found that the 20-hydroxy group, which has been shown to be essential for antitumor activity, was also necessary for stabilization of the covalent complex between DNA and topoisomerase I. In contrast, no such correlation existed for UV-light-induced cleavage of DNA by Cu(II)-camptothecin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Hertzberg
- Research and Development, Smith Kline & French Laboratories, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406
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