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Dias JP, Gariépy HDB, Ongali B, Couture R. Brain kinin B1 receptor is upregulated by the oxidative stress and its activation leads to stereotypic nociceptive behavior in insulin-resistant rats. Peptides 2015; 69:118-26. [PMID: 25959537 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kinin B1 receptor (B1R) is virtually absent under physiological condition, yet it is highly expressed in models of diabetes mellitus. This study aims at determining: (1) whether B1R is induced in the brain of insulin-resistant rat through the oxidative stress; (2) the consequence of B1R activation on stereotypic nocifensive behavior; (3) the role of downstream putative mediators in B1R-induced behavioral activity. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with 10% D-glucose in their drinking water or tap water (controls) for 4 or 12 weeks, combined either with a standard chow diet or a diet enriched with α-lipoic acid (1 g/kg feed) for 4 weeks. The distribution and density of brain B1R binding sites were assessed by autoradiography. Behavioral activity evoked by i.c.v. injection of the B1R agonist Sar-[D-Phe(8)]-des-Arg(9)-BK (10 μg) was measured before and after i.c.v. treatments with selective antagonists (10 μg) for kinin B1 (R-715, SSR240612), tachykinin NK1 (RP-67580) and glutamate NMDA (DL-AP5) receptors or with the inhibitor of NOS (L-NNA). Results showed significant increases of B1R binding sites in various brain areas of glucose-fed rats that could be prevented by the diet containing α-lipoic acid. The B1R agonist elicited head scratching, grooming, sniffing, rearing, digging, licking, face washing, wet dog shake, teeth chattering and biting in glucose-fed rats, which were absent after treatment with α-lipoic acid or antagonists/inhibitors. Data suggest that kinin B1R is upregulated by the oxidative stress in the brain of insulin-resistant rats and its activation causes stereotypic nocifensive behavior through the release of substance P, glutamate and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Pena Dias
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Helaine De Brito Gariépy
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Brice Ongali
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Réjean Couture
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Culman J, Das G, Ohlendorf C, Haass M, Maser-Gluth C, Zuhayra M, Zhao Y, Itoi K. Blockade of tachykinin NK1/NK2 receptors in the brain attenuates the activation of corticotrophin-releasing hormone neurones in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and the sympathoadrenal and pituitary-adrenal responses to formalin-induced pain in the rat. J Neuroendocrinol 2010; 22:467-76. [PMID: 20210847 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2010.01987.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Evidence from pharmacological studies has implicated substance P (SP), a natural ligand of tachykinin NK(1) receptors which can also interact with NK(2) receptors, in the generation of pressor and tachycardic responses to stress. Using selective blockade of brain NK(1) and NK(2) receptors, we tested in conscious rats the hypothesis that SP initiates, within the neuronal brain circuits, the sympathoadrenal, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and behavioural responses to noxious stimuli. Formalin injected s.c. through a chronically implanted catheter in the area of the lower leg was used as a pain stimulus. Rats were pretreated i.c.v. with vehicle or the selective, nonpeptide antagonists of tachykinin NK(1) and NK(2) receptors, RP 67580 and SR 48968, respectively. Ten minutes thereafter, formalin was injected s.c. and the cardiovascular responses were recorded, plasma concentrations of catecholamines, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone were determined and the expression of the inducible transcription factor c-Fos in the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei was detected to identify neurones which were activated during pain stimulation. Blockade of NK(1) and NK(2) receptors attenuated the formalin-induced increases in mean arterial pressure and heart rate, adrenaline and ACTH concentrations in plasma, and completely abolished the pain-induced c-Fos expression in corticotrophin-releasing hormone neurones localised in the parvocellular division of the PVN. The results obtained provide pharmacological evidence that tachykinins, most probably SP, act as mediators within the neuronal circuits linked to the initiation and control of the cardiovascular, sympathoadrenal, HPA and behavioural responses to pain stimuli and provide an excitatory input to corticotrophin-releasing hormone neurones in the PVN to activate the HPA axis. Our data demonstrating the inhibition of the complex response pattern to noxious stimuli and stress are consistent with the proposed anxiolytic and antidepressant activity of NK(1) and NK(2) receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Culman
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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Deschamps K, Couture R. The ventral tegmental area as a putative target for tachykinins in cardiovascular regulation. Br J Pharmacol 2005; 145:712-27. [PMID: 15895109 PMCID: PMC1576198 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tachykinin receptor agonists and antagonists were microinjected into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to study the relative participation of the three tachykinin receptors in cardiovascular regulation in freely behaving rat. Selective agonists (1-100 pmol) for NK1 ([Sar9, Met (O2)11]SP), NK2 ([beta-Ala8]NKA (4-10)) and NK3 (senktide) receptors evoked increases in blood pressure, heart rate (HR) along with behavioural manifestations (face washing, sniffing, head scratching, rearing, wet dog shake). At 1 pmol, NK1 and NK3 agonists did not affect behaviour and blood pressure but only HR. Tachykinin agonists-induced cardiovascular responses were selectively and reversibly blocked by the prior injection of antagonists for NK1 receptors (LY 303870 ((R)-1-[N-(2-methoxybenzyl)acetylamino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-[N-(2-(4-(piperidin-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl)acetyl)amino]propane), 5 nmol), NK2 receptors (SR 48968 ([(S)-N-methyl-N-[4-acetylamino-4-phenylpiperidino-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)butyl]benzamide]), 250 pmol) and NK3 receptors (SB 235375 ((-)-(S)-N-(alpha-ethylbenzyl)-3-(carboxymethoxy)-2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxamide), 25 nmol). With the exception of the NK2 agonist, most behavioural effects were also blocked by antagonists. Tachykinin agonists-induced cardiovascular responses were inhibited by intravenous (i.v.) treatments with antagonists for D1 dopamine receptor (SCH23390, 0.2 mg kg(-1)) and beta1-adrenoceptor (atenolol, 5 mg kg(-1)) but not for D2 dopamine receptor (raclopride, 0.16 mg kg(-1)). Behavioural responses were blocked by SCH23390 only. The present study provides the first pharmacological evidence that the three tachykinin receptors in the rat VTA can affect the autonomic control of blood pressure and HR by increasing midbrain dopaminergic transmission. This mechanism may be involved in the coordination of behavioural and cardiovascular responses to stress and noxious stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Deschamps
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Réjean Couture
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
- Author for correspondence:
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Xu YJ, Rathi SS, Zhang M, Bhugra P, Dhalla NS. Mechanism of the positive inotropic effect of lysophosphatidic acid in rat heart. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2002; 7:109-15. [PMID: 12075399 DOI: 10.1177/107424840200700207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysophosphatidic acid, a bioactive phospholipid, is mainly released from the activated platelets. The concentration of lysophosphatidic acid in serum is elevated under conditions such as ischemia, hypertension, and thrombosis; however, its effect on cardiac function, as well as the mechanisms of its action, have not been fully understood. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiovascular effects of lysophosphatidic acid were studied in vivo in rats as well as in vitro by using the isolated perfused heart and cardiomyocyte preparations. Intravenous injection of lysophosphatidic acid (2.8 to 14 microg/100 g body wt) increased the left ventricular systolic and diastolic pressures, rate of pressure development, and rate of pressure decay in rats. The positive inotropic effect of lysophosphatidic acid in vivo was not affected by the blockers of angiotensin II, endothelin-1, or adrenergic receptors, but this action was abolished by pretreatment with neurokinin type 1 receptor antagonist (L703606) as well as Ca2+-channel antagonist (verapamil). In the isolated heart, lysophosphatidic acid (1-10 microM) had no significant effect on cardiac function but higher concentrations (20-50 microM) elevated the left ventricular end diastolic pressure, significantly. Lysophosphatidic acid (1-30 microM) neither showed any effect on the basal intracellular concentration of free Ca2+ nor modified the KCl-induced increase in [Ca2+]i in freshly isolated cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that lysophosphatidic acid stimulated heart function under in vivo but not in vitro conditions. The positive inotropic effect of lysophosphatidic acid in vivo may be indirectly mediated by the activation of neurokinin type 1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Center, Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Lumley LA, Robison CL, Chen WK, Mark B, Meyerhoff JL. Vasopressin into the preoptic area increases grooming behavior in mice. Physiol Behav 2001; 73:451-5. [PMID: 11495648 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In mice, the neuropeptide arginine-8-vasopressin (AVP) induces excessive grooming, scratching, and hyperactivity when administered intracerebroventricularly. In hamsters, AVP infusion into the medial preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus (MPOA/AH) increases flank marking and flank mark grooming. We measured the behavioral effects of administration of AVP (0, 1, and 10 ng/250 nl) into the preoptic area (POA) of male C57BL/6 mice. Administration of AVP into the POA induced robust effects on grooming, including increased hindleg scratching and face washing. Rearing and olfactory investigation were inhibited by AVP into the POA. These findings indicate that the POA is one site in which AVP induces grooming behavior in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Lumley
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, 20910-7500, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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Sheehan TP, Cirrito J, Numan MJ, Numan M. Using c-Fos immunocytochemistry to identify forebrain regions that may inhibit maternal behavior in rats. Behav Neurosci 2000; 114:337-52. [PMID: 10832795 DOI: 10.1037/0735-7044.114.2.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates there is a neural system that inhibits maternal behavior in virgin rats. It has been suggested that pregnancy hormones promote the onset of maternal behavior by reducing the behavioral influence of this system. The authors used c-Fos immunocytochemistry to identify brain regions more activated by pup exposure in nonmaternal rats than in maternal rats. Previous experiments indicated that some of these regions, such as the posterodorsal medial amygdala and several medial hypothalamic sites, inhibit maternal behavior. For others, such as the ventral lateral septum, dorsal premammillary nucleus, and principal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, this is the first indication that they could also inhibit maternal responding. These regions have previously been implicated in promoting defensive behaviors, consistent with the finding that nonmaternal rats actively avoid pups. These findings suggest the existence of a neural circuit through which pup exposure could promote defensive responses in virgin rats, and how pregnancy hormones could reduce such activity to stimulate maternal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Sheehan
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Massachusetts 02467, USA.
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Maier T, Dai WJ, Csikós T, Jirikowski GF, Unger T, Culman J. Oxytocin pathways mediate the cardiovascular and behavioral responses to substance P in the rat brain. Hypertension 1998; 31:480-6. [PMID: 9453349 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.31.1.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of brain periventricular and hypothalamic substance P receptors induces a pressor response and tachycardia associated with mesenteric and renal vasoconstriction and hindlimb vasodilation resembling thus the classical defense reaction. This cardiovascular response is brought about by the activation of the sympathoadrenal system and is accompanied by grooming behavior. To address the role of oxytocinergic pathways in the brain in the mediation of these responses, we investigated the effects of central pretreatment of rats with oxytocin antisense, mixed base, and sense oligodeoxynucleotides on mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and grooming behavior induced by intracerebroventricular injections of substance P (50 pmol). Central pretreatment of conscious rats with the oxytocin antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (intracerebroventricular injections, 8 and 4 hours before administration of substance P) attenuated the mean arterial pressure (by 55%) and heart rate responses (by 58%) as well as grooming behavior induced by the peptide. A complete recovery of all substance P-induced responses was observed 28 hours after antisense oligodeoxynucleotide pretreatment. Intracerebroventricular pretreatment of rats with mixed base and sense oligodeoxynucleotides did not affect the cardiovascular and behavioral responses to substance P. The signal for oxytocin mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus was reduced only in rats pretreated with the antisense oligodeoxynucleotide. These results demonstrate that oxytocin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus, which innervate the cardiovascular centers in the hindbrain and the spinal cord, mediate the increases in blood pressure and heart rate induced by stimulation of substance P receptors in the forebrain. These neurons may also transmit signals, which are generated by substance P in the hypothalamus and are responsible for the sympathoadrenal activation in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Maier
- Institute of Pharmacology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Germany
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Chawla MK, Gutierrez GM, Young WS, McMullen NT, Rance NE. Localization of neurons expressing substance P and neurokinin B gene transcripts in the human hypothalamus and basal forebrain. J Comp Neurol 1997; 384:429-42. [PMID: 9254037 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19970804)384:3<429::aid-cne8>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In situ hybridization histochemistry was used to map the distribution of neurons expressing the substance P (SP) or neurokinin B (NKB) genes in the human hypothalamus and basal forebrain. Hypothalami from five adult males were frozen in isopentane at -30 degrees C and serially sectioned at 20 jm thickness. Every 20th section was hybridized with [35S]-labeled, 48-base synthetic cDNA probes that were complementary to either SP or NKB mRNAs. Slides were dipped into nuclear emulsion for visualization of mRNAs at the single-cell level. The location of labeled neurons (greater than x 5 background) was mapped by using an image-combining computer microscope system. A distinct and complementary distribution pattern of SP and NKB neurons was observed in the human hypothalamus and basal forebrain. NKB was the predominant tachykinin in the rostral hypothalamus, whereas SP mRNA predominated in the posterior hypothalamus. Numerous NKB neurons were identified in the magnocellular basal forebrain, the bed nucleus of stria terminalis, and the anterior hypothalamic area. Scattered NKB neurons were present in the infundibular and paraventricular nuclei, paraolfactory gyrus, posterior hypothalamic area, lateral division of the medial mammillary nucleus, and amygdala. Numerous neurons expressing SP mRNAs were identified in the premammillary, supramammillary, and medial mammillary nuclei; the posterior hypothalamic area; and the corpus striatum. Scattered SP neurons were also observed in the preoptic area; the infundibular, intermediate, dorsomedial, and ventromedial nuclei; the infundibular stalk; the amygdala; the bed nucleus of stria terminalis; and the paraolfactory gyrus. These studies provide the first description of the location of neurons that express tachykinin gene transcripts in the human hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Chawla
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson 85724, USA
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Picard P, Couture R. Intracerebroventricular responses to neuropeptide gamma in the conscious rat: characterization of its receptor with selective antagonists. Br J Pharmacol 1996; 117:241-9. [PMID: 8789375 PMCID: PMC1909266 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The cardiovascular and behavioural effects elicited by the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of neuropeptide gamma (NP gamma) in the conscious rat were assessed before and 5 min after i.c.v. pretreatment with antagonists selective for NK1 (RP 67,580), NK2 (SR 48,968) and NK3 (R 820) receptors. In addition, the central effects of NP gamma before and after desensitization of the NK1 and NK2 receptors with high doses of substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA) were compared. 2. Intracerebroventricular injection of NP gamma (10-780 pmol) evoked dose- and time-dependent increases in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), face washing, head scratching, grooming and wet-dog shake behaviours. Similar injection of vehicle or 1 pmol NP gamma had no significant effect on those parameters. 3. The cardiovascular and behavioural responses elicited by NP gamma (25 pmol) were significantly and dose-dependently reduced by pretreatment with 650 pmol and 6.5 nmol of SR 48,968. No inhibition of NP gamma responses was observed when 6.5 nmol of RP 67,580 was used in a similar study. Moreover, the prior co-administration of SR 48,968 (6.5 nmol) and RP 67,580 (6.5 nmol) with or without R 820 (6.5 nmol) did not reduce further the central effects of NP gamma and significant residual responses (30-50%) remained. 4. No tachyphylaxis to NP gamma-induced cardiovascular and behavioural changes was observed when two consecutive injections of 25 pmol NP gamma were given 24 h apart. 5. Simultaneous NK1 and NK2 receptor desensitization reduced significantly central effects mediated by 25 pmol NP gamma. However, significant residual responses persisted as seen after pretreatment with SR 48,968. 6. The results suggest that the central effects of NP gamma are mediated partly by NK2 receptors and by another putative tachykinin receptor subtype (NP gamma receptor?) that appears to be different from NK1 and NK3 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Picard
- Department of Physiology, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Culman J, Unger T. Central tachykinins: mediators of defence reaction and stress reactions. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1995; 73:885-91. [PMID: 8846426 DOI: 10.1139/y95-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The tachykinins substance P, neurokinin A, and neurokinin B are natural agonists for NK1, NK2, and NK3 receptors, respectively. Evidence from biochemical, neurophysiological, pharmacological, and molecular biology studies indicates that the tachykinin-containing pathways within the brain contribute to central cardiovascular and endocrine regulation and to the control of motor activity. The hypothalamus, which represents a site for the integration of central neuroendocrine and autonomic processes, is rich in tachykinin nerve endings and tachykinin receptors. Stimulation of periventricular or hypothalamic NK1 receptors in conscious rats induces an integrated cardiovascular, behavioural, and endocrine response. The cardiovascular response is associated with increased sympathoadrenal activity and comprises an increase in blood pressure and heart rate, mesenteric and renal vasoconstriction, and hind-limb vasodilatation. The behavioural response consists of increased locomotion and grooming behaviour. This response pattern is consistent with an integrated stress response to nociceptive stimuli and pain in rodents. Several studies have demonstrated rapid changes in substance P levels and its receptors in distinct brain areas following acute stress. These data indicate that substance P and other tachykinins, in addition to serving as nociceptive and pain transmitters in the spinal cord, may act in the brain as neurotransmitters--neuromodulators within the neuronal circuits mediating central stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Culman
- Institute of Pharmacology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany
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