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Aziz E, Batool R, Khan MU, Rauf A, Akhtar W, Heydari M, Rehman S, Shahzad T, Malik A, Mosavat SH, Plygun S, Shariati MA. An overview on red algae bioactive compounds and their pharmaceutical applications. J Complement Integr Med 2020; 17:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2019-0203/jcim-2019-0203.xml. [PMID: 32697756 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To review red algae bioactive compounds and their pharmaceutical applications. Content Seaweed sources are becoming attractive to be used in health and therapeutics. Among these red algae is the largest group containing bioactive compounds utilized in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food industry, manure and various supplements in food formula. Various significant bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides (aginate, agar, and carrageenan), lipids and polyphenols, steroids, glycosides, flavanoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, antheraquinones and cardiac glycosides have been reported in red algae. The red algae have rich nutritional components Different polysaccharides of red algae possess the antiviral potential namely agarans, carrageenan, alginate, fucan, laminaran and naviculan. Sulfated polysaccharides and carraginans of red algae are rich source of soluble fibers which can account for antitumor activities depending upon chemistry of various secondary metabolites and metabolism of cell line. Flavons-3-ols containing catechins from many red algae block the telomerase activity in colon cancer cells. Contraceptive agents were tested from red algae as a source for post-coital. Lectin of red algae showed pro-healing properties and anti-ulcerogenic activities. Carragenates from red algae also conferred a positive influence on diabetes. Red algae depicted a reducing effect on plasma lipids and obesity. Porphyran from red alga can act as anti-hyperlipidemic agent also reduces the apolipoprotein B100 via suppression of lipid synthesis in human liver. Summary The polyphenolic extracts of Laurencia undulate, Melanothamnus afaqhusainii and Solieria robusta extract show anti-inflammatory effects against multiple genera of devastating fungi. Antioxidants such as phlorotannins, ascorbic acids, tocopherols, carotenoids from red algae showed toxicity on some cancer cells without side effects. Red algae Laurencia nipponica was found insecticidal against mosquito larvae. Red algae fibers are very important in laxative and purgative activities. Gracilaria tenuistipitat resisted in agricultural lands polluted with cadmium and copper. Outlook In the recent decades biotechnological applications of red algae has been increased. Polysaccharides derived from red algae are important tool for formulation of drugs delivery system via nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejaz Aziz
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College Khanpur, Haripur 22650, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Batool
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Punjab, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Khan
- Bioproducts Sciences and Engineering Laboratory (BSEL), Washington State University, Richland, 99354, WA, USA
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Agriculture, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Akhtar
- Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Mojtaba Heydari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Shazia Rehman
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Tasmeena Shahzad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Malik
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Seyed Hamdollah Mosavat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sergey Plygun
- European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Basel, 4051, Switzerland
- Researcher, All Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Moscow Region, 143050, Russia
- Head of laboratory, Laboratory of Biological Control and Antimicrobial Resistance, Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev, Orel City, 302026, Russia
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Laboratory of Biological Control and Antimicrobial Resistance, Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev, Orel City, 302026, Russia
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Li PH, Lu WC, Chan YJ, Zhao YP, Nie XB, Jiang CX, Ji YX. Feasibility of Using Seaweed ( Gracilaria coronopifolia) Synbiotic as a Bioactive Material for Intestinal Health. Foods 2019; 8:foods8120623. [PMID: 31783694 PMCID: PMC6963959 DOI: 10.3390/foods8120623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The market contains only limited health care products that combine prebiotics and probiotics. In this study, we developed a seaweed-based Gracilaria coronopifolia synbiotic and verified the efficacy by small intestinal cells (Caco-2). We also developed a functional material that promotes intestinal health and prevents intestinal inflammation. G. coronopifolia was used as a red seaweed prebiotic, and Bifidobacterium bifidums, B. longum subsp. infantis, B. longum subsp. longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus were mixed for the seaweed's synbiotics. G. coronopifolia synbiotics were nontoxic to Caco-2 cells, and the survival rate was 101% to 117% for a multiplicative effect on cell survival. After cells were induced by H2O2, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased to 151.5%, but after G. coronopifolia synbiotic treatment, decreased to a range between 101.8% and 109.6%. After cells were induced by tumor necrosis factor α, the ROS levels increased to 124.5%, but decreased to 57.7% with G. coronopifolia symbiotic treatment. G. coronopifolia synbiotics could effectively inhibit the production of ROS intestinal cells under oxidative stress (induced by H2O2 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)), which can reduce the damage of cells under oxidative stress. Functioning of intestinal cells could be improved by inhibiting the production of inflammatory factor substances (interleukin 8) with G. coronopifolia symbiotic treatment. Also, gastrointestinal diseases may be retarded by a synbiotic developed from G. coronopifolia to promote intestinal health and prevent intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsien Li
- Department of Medicinal Botanical and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, No.168, University Rd., Dacun, Changhua 51591, Taiwan;
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China (X.-B.N.); (C.-X.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-928767532
| | - Wen-Chien Lu
- Department of Food and Beverage Management, Chung-Jen Junior College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, No.217, Hung-Mao-Pi, Chia-Yi City 60077, Taiwan;
| | - Yung-Jia Chan
- Department of Medicinal Botanical and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, No.168, University Rd., Dacun, Changhua 51591, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Ping Zhao
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China (X.-B.N.); (C.-X.J.)
| | - Xiao-Bao Nie
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China (X.-B.N.); (C.-X.J.)
| | - Chang-Xing Jiang
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China (X.-B.N.); (C.-X.J.)
| | - Yu-Xiang Ji
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China (X.-B.N.); (C.-X.J.)
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Gomez-Zavaglia A, Prieto Lage MA, Jimenez-Lopez C, Mejuto JC, Simal-Gandara J. The Potential of Seaweeds as a Source of Functional Ingredients of Prebiotic and Antioxidant Value. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090406. [PMID: 31533320 PMCID: PMC6770939 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Two thirds of the world is covered by oceans, whose upper layer is inhabited by algae. This means that there is a large extension to obtain these photoautotrophic organisms. Algae have undergone a boom in recent years, with consequent discoveries and advances in this field. Algae are not only of high ecological value but also of great economic importance. Possible applications of algae are very diverse and include anti-biofilm activity, production of biofuels, bioremediation, as fertilizer, as fish feed, as food or food ingredients, in pharmacology (since they show antioxidant or contraceptive activities), in cosmeceutical formulation, and in such other applications as filters or for obtaining minerals. In this context, algae as food can be of help to maintain or even improve human health, and there is a growing interest in new products called functional foods, which can promote such a healthy state. Therefore, in this search, one of the main areas of research is the extraction and characterization of new natural ingredients with biological activity (e.g., prebiotic and antioxidant) that can contribute to consumers' well-being. The present review shows the results of a bibliographic survey on the chemical composition of macroalgae, together with a critical discussion about their potential as natural sources of new functional ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gomez-Zavaglia
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA), CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calle 47 y 116, La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - Miguel A Prieto Lage
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Cecilia Jimenez-Lopez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Juan C Mejuto
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain.
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S.M. FMB, Chitra K, Joseph B, Sundararajan R, S. H. Gelidiella acerosa inhibits lung cancer proliferation. BMC Complement Altern Med 2018; 18:104. [PMID: 29558998 PMCID: PMC5861612 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common subtype of Non small cell lung cancer in which the PI3K/Akt cascade is frequently deregulated. The ubiquitous expression of the PI3K and the frequent inactivation of PTEN accounts for the prolonged survival, evasion of apoptosis and metastasis in cancer. This has led to the development of PI3K inhibitors in the treatment of cancer. Synthetic PI3K inhibitors undergoing clinical and preclinical studies are toxic in animals. Hence, there is a critical need to identify PI3K inhibitor(s) of natural origin. The current study aims to explore the efficacy of the red algae Gelidiella acerosaon inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and the expression of cell survival genes in lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. METHODS The phytoconstituents of Gelidiella acerosa were extracted sequentially with solvents of different polarity, screened qualitatively and quantitatively for secondary metabolites and characterized by GC-MS. The in-vitro studies were performed to check the efficacy of the extract on cell proliferation (MTT assay), cell invasion (scratch assay and colony formation assay), apoptosis (fluorescent, confocal microscopy and flow cytometry) and expression of apoptosis and cell survival proteins including PI3K, Akt and GSK3β and matrix metalloproteinase MMP2 and MMP9 by Western blot method. The antitumor activity of GAE was analyzed in a tumor model of Zebrafish. RESULTS The outcomes of the in vitro analysis showed an inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of cell migration and colonization by the crude extract. The analysis of protein expression showed the activation of caspases 3 and Pro apoptotic protein Bax accompanied by decreased expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. On the other hand, subsequent activation of GSK3β and down regulation of PI3K, Akt were observed. The decreased expression of MMP2 correlated with the antimetastatic activity of the extract. The in vivo studies showed an inhibition of tumor growth by GAE in Zebrafish. CONCLUSION The phytoconstituents of algal extract contributed to the anticancer properties as evidenced by in vitro and in vivo studies. These phytoconstituents can be considered as a natural source of PI3K/Akt inhibitor for treatment of cancers involving the PI3K cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Raji Sundararajan
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue university, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Hemalatha S.
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent University, Chennai, 600048 India
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Shanmuganathan B, Sheeja Malar D, Sathya S, Pandima Devi K. Antiaggregation Potential of Padina gymnospora against the Toxic Alzheimer's Beta-Amyloid Peptide 25-35 and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Property of Its Bioactive Compounds. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141708. [PMID: 26536106 PMCID: PMC4633220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation in the cerebral cortex of the brain is a promising therapeutic and defensive strategy in identification of disease modifying agents for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Since natural products are considered as the current alternative trend for the discovery of AD drugs, the present study aims at the evaluation of anti-amyloidogenic potential of the marine seaweed Padina gymnospora. Prevention of aggregation and disaggregation of the mature fibril formation of Aβ 25–35 by acetone extracts of P. gymnospora (ACTPG) was evaluated in two phases by Thioflavin T assay. The results were further confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis. The results of antiaggregation and disaggregation assay showed that the increase in fluorescence intensity of aggregated Aβ and the co-treatment of ACTPG (250 μg/ml) with Aβ 25–35, an extensive decrease in the fluorescence intensity was observed in both phases, which suggests that ACTPG prevents the oligomers formation and disaggregation of mature fibrils. In addition, ACTPG was subjected to column chromatography and the bioactivity was screened based on the cholinesterase inhibitory activity. Finally, the active fraction was subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis for the identification of bioactive compounds. Overall, the results suggest that the bioactive compound alpha bisabolol present in the alga might be responsible for the observed cholinesterase inhibition with the IC50 value < 10 μg/ml for both AChE and BuChE when compared to standard drug donepezil (IC50 value < 6 μg/ml) and support its use for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dicson Sheeja Malar
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science campus), Karaikudi- 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sethuraman Sathya
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science campus), Karaikudi- 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kasi Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science campus), Karaikudi- 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
- * E-mail:
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de Almeida CLF, Falcão HDS, Lima GRDM, Montenegro CDA, Lira NS, de Athayde-Filho PF, Rodrigues LC, de Souza MDFV, Barbosa-Filho JM, Batista LM. Bioactivities from marine algae of the genus Gracilaria. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:4550-73. [PMID: 21845096 PMCID: PMC3155369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12074550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are an important source of bioactive metabolites for the pharmaceutical industry in drug development. Many of these compounds are used to treat diseases like cancer, acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS), inflammation, pain, arthritis, as well as viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. This paper offers a survey of the literature for Gracilaria algae extracts with biological activity, and identifies avenues for future research. Nineteen species of this genus that were tested for antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antihypertensive, cytotoxic, spermicidal, embriotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities are cited from the 121 references consulted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Layse F. de Almeida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - Heloina de S. Falcão
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - Gedson R. de M. Lima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - Camila de A. Montenegro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - Narlize S. Lira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - Petrônio F. de Athayde-Filho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - Luis C. Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - Maria de Fátima V. de Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - José M. Barbosa-Filho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - Leônia M. Batista
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
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Suganthy N, Karutha Pandian S, Pandima Devi K. Neuroprotective effect of seaweeds inhabiting South Indian coastal area (Hare Island, Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve): Cholinesterase inhibitory effect of Hypnea valentiae and Ulva reticulata. Neurosci Lett 2010; 468:216-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Revised: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
The discovery and description of bioactive substances from natural sources has been a research topic for the last 50 years. In this respect, marine animals have been used to extract many new compounds exerting different actions. Reproduction is a complex process whose main steps are the production and maturation of gametes, their activation, the fertilisation and the beginning of development. In the literature it has been shown that many substances extracted from marine organisms may have profound influence on the reproductive behaviour, function and reproductive strategies and survival of species. However, despite the central importance of reproduction and thus the maintenance of species, there are still few studies on how reproductive mechanisms are impacted by marine bioactive drugs. At present, studies in either marine and terrestrial animals have been particularly important in identifying what specific fine reproductive mechanisms are affected by marine-derived substances. In this review we describe the main steps of the biology of reproduction and the impact of substances from marine environment and organisms on the reproductive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabetta Tosti
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
; Tel.: +39 081 5833288; Fax: +39 081 7641355
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Devi KP, Suganthy N, Kesika P, Pandian SK. Bioprotective properties of seaweeds: in vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity against food borne bacteria in relation to polyphenolic content. BMC Complement Altern Med 2008; 8:38. [PMID: 18613983 PMCID: PMC2475528 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-8-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For many years chemical preservatives have been used in food, to act as either antimicrobials or antioxidants or both. In general, consumers regard additive-free foods as safer since preservatives can cause health hazards like asthma and cancer and are suspected to be mutagenic and neurotoxic. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of seaweeds, with a view to developing safer food preservatives. METHODS Ten edible seaweeds, which have wide pharmaceutical application, were collected from Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Tamil Nadu, India and evaluated for antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against food borne pathogens. RESULTS The results indicate that Gelidiella acerosa has the highest antioxidant activity while Haligra sps exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 96). CONCLUSION Quantitative analysis of the total phenolic content of the seaweeds indicated that Gelidella acerosa and Haligra sps have high phenolic contents, which correlated to their respective antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.
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Abstract
Icon is a water miscible type II synthetic pyrethroid insecticide based on active ingredient lambda cyhalothrin (10% w/w). It is used in Sri Lanka as an adulticidal indoor spray against malaria vector mosquitoes. The goal of this study was to assess the effects of Icon on pregnancy outcome of rats when exposed during early pregnancy (days 1-7). Icon was gavaged daily for 7 consecutive days in three different doses; 63, 83, or 125 mg/kg/day (active ingredient; lambda cyhalothrin; 6.3, 8.3, 12.5 mg/kg/day), respectively. Several parameters of reproduction and pre- and post-natal development were monitored. The results show that Icon is detrimental to pregnancy outcome (in terms of quantal pregnancy, number of uterine implants, implantation index and foetal deaths) but induced no detectable developmental defects. The anti-reproductive effects of Icon were mainly due to increased pre-implantation losses. Enhancement of post-implantation losses played a subsidiary role. These effects resulted from multiple mechanisms: maternal toxicity, stress, uterotropic activity and embryo-foetotoxicity. Further progesterone had a protective effect against Icon induced anti-reproductive actions. Overall, the results suggest that exposure to Icon during early gestation may result in a threat to pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Ratnasooriya
- Department of Zoology, University of Colombo, Colombo-3, Sri Lanka.
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Abstract
In the present investigation, we attempted to study the modulation of morphological changes of endometrial surface epithelium by Scanning Electron Microscope (SCEM) in the adult albino rat after oral administration of roots extract. The origin of this experiment lies in the fact that the dry powdered roots of five plants, i.e., Plumbago rosea, Borassus flabellifer, Carica papaya (male), Dolichos lablab, and Shorea robusta in mixed form, has been traditionally used by the folk women of this region through oral route during the first seven days of a menstrual cycle to prevent conception. Ethanolic crude extract of these roots in composite form which has been referred to here as composite root extract (CRE) was administered to the adult female albino rat in a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight/day through oral route continuously for 12 days starting from proestrous. The observations under SCEM showed that administration of the CRE induced morphological changes of the endometrial surface epithelium in albino rat uterus. The characteristic smooth regular pattern of normal epithelium appears to have been changed at places by haphazardly oriented groups of cells and loss of microvilli indicating a disorganized picture. This structural disparity has been thought to affect the smooth functioning of nidatory preparation in the endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Sarma
- Department of Zoology, Arunachal University, 791 111, Itanagar, India.
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Abstract
This study attempted in vivo testing of a group of plant root extracts in composite form on the reproductive organs of the female albino rat. These roots in composite form have been used by the folk women of Assam to prevent pregnancy. Firsthand knowledge revealed that the dry powder of these roots in composite form can induce sterility in women temporarily (reversible) or permanently which is dose-dependent when taken through oral route. The study revealed that administration of ethanolic crude extract of these composite roots in a dose of 1000 mg/kg/day, consecutively for 12 days, can modulate histological changes in the structures of ovary and uterus. This dose has previously been detected as the threshold dose to induce sterility (reversible) in albino rat. The ovarian follicle showed structural disparity in thecal cells and granulosa cells, and formation of zona pellucida. In the uterus, the endometrial epithelium on the luminal surface showed pseudostratification, vacuolation of the cells, and irregular desquamation from the stroma. Infiltration of a large number of polymorphs in the endometrial stroma and necrosis of endometrial gland tissues indicated structural and functional aberrations of the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Sarma
- Department of Zoology, Arunachal University, 791 111, Itanagar, India
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Abstract
This study reports the isolation of a non-steroidal contragestative agent from the Sri Lankan marine red alga, Gelidiella acerosa. One-hundred grams of MeOH-CH2Cl2 (1:1) crude extract of G. acerosa was initially partitioned into hexane, CH2Cl2 and EtOAc, respectively, using the modified Kupchan scheme. At each separation step, all the resulting fractions were tested for contragestative effects in pregnant rats. The fertility was assessed in terms of the number of viable implants following oral administration of fractions (co-precipitated with polyvinylpyrrolidone), on day 1 through day 7 of pregnancy. The hexane fraction with highest activity was subjected to gel filtration through Sephadex LH-20, vacuum liquid chromatography over TLC-grade silica, two open-column chromatography runs over silica gel (60-120 mesh), and HPLC to isolate the active component. Nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopic analysis revealed that the contragestative agent of G. acerosa is a sphingosine derivative.
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Premakumara GA, Ratnasooriya WD, Tillekeratne LM. Studies on the post-coital contraceptive mechanisms of crude extract of Sri Lankan marine red algae, Gelidiella acerosa. Contraception 1995; 52:203-7. [PMID: 7587193 DOI: 10.1016/0010-7824(95)00150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the potential post-coital contraceptive mechanisms of the crude extract of Sri Lankan marine red algae, Gelidiella acerosa, using rats. The dose used was 1000 mg/kg/day and the route of administration was oral. The results showed that the crude extract possessed potent post-coital contraceptive activity when administered on days 7-8 of pregnancy indicating the presence of a narrow window in its action. The post-coital contraceptive activity was due to an elevated post-implantation loss (by 89%) resulting from fetal death between days 9-14 of pregnancy. The extract was neither estrogenic nor anti-estrogenic nor stressor but appeared to be anti-progestational (reduced ovarian progesterone output). It is suggested that the crude extract may reduce the ovarian progesterone release possibly via anti-platelet and PGE2-depressing activity.
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