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Lee SH, Sohn JT. Potential mechanisms underlying the effects of lipid emulsion against theophylline-induced toxicity. Am J Emerg Med 2020; 45:629-630. [PMID: 33261948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hee Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 beon-gil, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Tae Sohn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 beon-gil, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 52727, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, 52727, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Covic A, Goldsmith DJ, Florea L, Gusbeth–Tatomir P, Covic M. The Influence of Dialytic Modality on Arterial Stiffness, Pulse Wave Reflections, and Vasomotor Function. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080402400412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMeasurements of aortic stiffness [aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx)] have been established as powerful predictors of survival on hemodialysis (HD). Abnormal endothelial-dependent and endothelial-independent vascular reactivity and increased arterial stiffness are commonly described in HD patients. There is, however, a lack of information on the comparative impact of different renal replacement therapies (RRTs) on PWV and AIx, and how these different methods might influence endothelial-dependent abnormal vasodilatation.ObjectiveTo describe in a cross-sectional design arterial compliance and distensibility in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) versus HD versus renal transplant (RTx) patients, compared with age- and blood pressure-matched essential hypertensive controls. The PWV and aortic AIx were determined from contour analysis of arterial waveforms recorded by applanation tonometry in 40 CAPD, 41 HD, 20 RTx patients (with normal serum creatinine), and 20 controls with essential hypertension (all normotensive under treatment). Endothelial-dependent and endothelial-independent vascular reactivities were assessed by changes in AIx following challenges with inhaled salbutamol and sublingual nitroglycerin respectively.ResultsCAPD patients had significantly stiffer arteries than all other categories. The PWV was 8.29 ± 1.09 m/second in CAPD patients, significantly higher ( p < 0.05) compared to HD subjects (7.19 ± 1.87 m/s). Both dialysis subgroups had significantly higher PWV values compared to RTx patients (6.59 ± 1.62 m/s) and essential hypertensive controls (6.34 ± 1.32 m/s), p < 0.05. The AIx had a profile similar to PWV in different RRTs. All groups with the exception of CAPD subjects had a significant decrease in AIx following salbutamol. Moreover, the vasodilatation induced by either nitroglycerin or salbutamol was significantly blunted compared to HD. Overall, both dialysis categories had more abnormal responses compared to RTx patients and essential hypertensive controls.ConclusionCAPD is associated with stiffer arteries and more profoundly abnormal endothelial-dependent vasomotor function, compared to matched HD subjects. These differences in arterial physical properties might explain differences seen in cardiac structure and function between the RRTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Covic
- Dialysis and Transplantation, Parhon University Hospital, Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Laura Florea
- Dialysis and Transplantation, Parhon University Hospital, Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Maria Covic
- Dialysis and Transplantation, Parhon University Hospital, Iasi, Romania
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3
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Billingsley HE, Rodriguez-Miguelez P, Del Buono MG, Abbate A, Lavie CJ, Carbone S. Lifestyle Interventions with a Focus on Nutritional Strategies to Increase Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Heart Failure, Obesity, Sarcopenia, and Frailty. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122849. [PMID: 31766324 PMCID: PMC6950118 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an independent predictor for all-cause and disease-specific morbidity and mortality. CRF is a modifiable risk factor, and exercise training and increased physical activity, as well as targeted medical therapies, can improve CRF. Although nutrition is a modifiable risk factor for chronic noncommunicable diseases, little is known about the effect of dietary patterns and specific nutrients on modifying CRF. This review focuses specifically on trials that implemented dietary supplementation, modified dietary pattern, or enacted caloric restriction, with and without exercise training interventions, and subsequently measured the effect on peak oxygen consumption (VO2) or surrogate measures of CRF and functional capacity. Populations selected for this review are those recognized to have a reduced CRF, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, obesity, sarcopenia, and frailty. We then summarize the state of existing knowledge and explore future directions of study in disease states recently recognized to have an abnormal CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley E. Billingsley
- Department of Internal Medicine, VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (H.E.B.); (A.A.)
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Paula Rodriguez-Miguelez
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Marco Giuseppe Del Buono
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Department of Internal Medicine, VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (H.E.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Carl J. Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ochsner Clinical School, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA;
| | - Salvatore Carbone
- Department of Internal Medicine, VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (H.E.B.); (A.A.)
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-804-628-3980
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4
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Shepherd AI, Wilkerson DP, Dobson L, Kelly J, Winyard PG, Jones AM, Benjamin N, Shore AC, Gilchrist M. The effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on the oxygen cost of cycling, walking performance and resting blood pressure in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A double blind placebo controlled, randomised control trial. Nitric Oxide 2015; 48:31-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kumar SS, Kumar ASA, Padmapriya R, Chandrasekaran A. Effect of eNOS polymorphisms on salbutamol evoked endothelium dependent vasodilation in South Indian healthy subjects. Indian J Pharmacol 2013; 45:9-12. [PMID: 23543259 PMCID: PMC3608305 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.106427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The model of pulse plethysmograph using inhalational salbutamol 400 mcg is studied well to assess endothelium dependent vasodilation. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphism may influence the response to salbutamol in healthy subjects. AIM To find the effect of polymorphisms 894G>T and -786T>C of eNOS gene on endothelium dependent vasodilation in healthy subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and two south Indian healthy subjects of either sex, aged between 18 to 35 years were recruited for the study. The digital volume pulse (DVP)was measured by pulse plethysmograph before and after salbutamol 400mcg inhalation. Three predose and five postdose recordings of DVP were measured. The average change in the DVP parameters namely reflection index (RI) and stiffness index (SI) were determined. The eNOS894G>T and -786T>C gene polymorphism were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. The percentage changes in RI and SI from predose baseline recordings were calculated and compared between the genotype groups. RESULTS The genotype and allele frequency of study subjects were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The changes in DVP parameters were not significantly different between the genotype groups. CONCLUSION eNOS polymorphism do not affect salbutamol evoked endothelium dependent vasodilation in the model of pulse plethysmograph in healthy subjects.
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6
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COMMUNICATIONS. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1996.tb00126.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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7
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Sainz JM, Reche C, Rábano MA, Mondillo C, Patrignani ZJ, Macarulla JM, Pignataro OP, Trueba M. Effects of nitric oxide on aldosterone synthesis and nitric oxide synthase activity in glomerulosa cells from bovine adrenal gland. Endocrine 2004; 24:61-71. [PMID: 15249705 DOI: 10.1385/endo:24:1:061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2004] [Revised: 04/29/2004] [Accepted: 05/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of two NO-releasing agents, diethylenetriamine-NO (deta-NO) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), on basal, ACTH-, and angiotensin II (AngII)-stimulated aldosterone production in glomerulosa cells from bovine adrenal gland. NO donors inhibited basal and ACTH- or AngII-stimulated aldosterone synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner. Deta-NO and SNP also provoked a concentration-dependent stimulation of cGMP production. However, cGMP was not responsible for the inhibition of aldosterone secretion, because a cGMP analog did not reproduce the inhibitory effect. Moreover, soluble guanylyl cyclase or protein kinase G inhibitors did not revert the inhibitory effect of NO on aldosterone production. NO donors did not modify ACTH-stimulated cAMP production or AngII-stimulated PLC activity stimulation, but inhibited 22[R] hydroxycholesterol- or pregnenolone-stimulated aldosteronogenesis. NO can be synthesized in bovine glomerulosa cells because nitrite production was determined and characterization of NOS activity was also performed. Nitrite accumulation was not modified in the presence of ACTH, AngII, or other factors used to induce iNOS. NOS activity that showed a Michaelis-Menten kinetic was NADPH- and calcium-dependent and was inhibited by two competitive inhibitors, L-NAME and L-NMMA. These results show that NO inhibits aldosterone production in glomerulosa cells acting on P450scc and other P450-dependent steroidogenic enzymes, and these cells display NOS activity suggesting that NO can be produced by constitutive NOS isozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Sainz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Box 644, 48080-Bilbao, Spain
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8
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Schäfer A, Burkhardt M, Vollkommer T, Bauersachs J, Münzel T, Walter U, Smolenski A. Endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation and VASP serines 157/239 phosphorylation by cyclic nucleotide-elevating vasodilators in rat aorta. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 65:397-405. [PMID: 12527332 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(02)01523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Endothelium-dependent vasodilation is thought to be mediated primarily by the NO/cGMP signaling pathway whereas cAMP-elevating vasodilators are considered to act independent of the endothelial cell layer. However, recent functional data suggest that cAMP-elevating vasodilators such as beta-receptor agonists, adenosine or forskolin may also be endothelium-dependent. Here we used functional and biochemical assays to analyze endothelium-dependent, cGMP- and cAMP-mediated signaling in rat aorta. Acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced a concentration-dependent relaxation of phenylephrine-precontracted aorta. This response was reflected by the phosphorylation of the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), a validated substrate of cGMP- and cAMP-dependent protein kinases (cGK, cAK), on Ser(157) and Ser(239). As expected, the effects of acetylcholine were endothelium-dependent. However, relaxation induced by the beta-receptor agonist isoproterenol was also almost completely impaired after endothelial denudation. At the biochemical level, acetylcholine- and isoproterenol-evoked cGK and cAK activation, respectively, as measured by VASP Ser(239) and Ser(157) phosphorylation, was strongly diminished. Furthermore, the effects of isoproterenol were repressed by eNOS inhibition when endothelium was present. We also observed that the relaxing and biochemical effects of forskolin were at least partially endothelium-dependent. We conclude that cAMP-elevating vasodilators, i.e. isoproterenol and to a lesser extent also forskolin, induce vasodilation and concomitant cyclic nucleotide protein kinase activation in the vessel wall in an endothelium-dependent way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schäfer
- Medical Clinic, University of Würzburg, Joseph-Schneider-Str. 2, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
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Yamaguchi K, Honda H, Tamura K, Kogo H. Possible mechanisms for the suppressing action of 17beta-estradiol on beta-adrenoceptor-mediated vasorelaxation in rat aorta. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 427:61-7. [PMID: 11553364 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The mode of action of estrogen on beta-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation was investigated by using isolated ring preparations of thoracic aorta from ovariectomized rats. Administration of 17beta-estradiol to ovariectomized rats significantly suppressed isoprenaline-induced relaxation of aortic rings. There was no alteration in the beta-adrenoceptor binding characteristics. The suppressing action of 17beta-estradiol on the N(G)-nitro-L-arginine and indomethacin-resistant relaxation induced by isoprenaline disappeared after pretreatment with N,N-diethylaminoethyl-2,2-diphenylvalerate hydrochloride (SKF 525A), an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP). The levels of CYP2C11 expression were the highest of the CYP mRNAs examined in rat aorta. 17beta-Estradiol replacement increased the expression of CYP2C11 mRNA in the aorta, compared with that in ovariectomized rats. These results suggest that estrogen suppresses beta-adrenoceptor-mediated vasorelaxation, and that the mechanisms may be associated with alterations in CYP2C11 metabolites.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiology
- Atenolol/pharmacology
- Binding, Competitive
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Estradiol/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- In Vitro Techniques
- Iodocyanopindolol/metabolism
- Isoproterenol/pharmacology
- Nitroarginine/pharmacology
- Norepinephrine/pharmacology
- Ovariectomy
- Proadifen/pharmacology
- Propanolamines/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/physiology
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
- Vasodilation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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10
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Trochu JN, Leblais V, Rautureau Y, Bévérelli F, Le Marec H, Berdeaux A, Gauthier C. Beta 3-adrenoceptor stimulation induces vasorelaxation mediated essentially by endothelium-derived nitric oxide in rat thoracic aorta. Br J Pharmacol 1999; 128:69-76. [PMID: 10498836 PMCID: PMC1571624 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The relaxant effects of isoprenaline may result from activation of another beta-adrenoceptor subtype in addition to beta1 and beta2. This study evaluated the role of a third beta-adrenoceptor subtype, beta3, in beta-adrenoceptor-induced relaxation of rat thoracic aorta by isoprenaline. 2. Isoprenaline produced a concentration-dependent relaxation of phenylephrine pre-contracted rings of the thoracic aorta (pD2=7.46+/-0.15; Emax=85.9+/-3.4%), which was partially attenuated by endothelium removal (Emax=66.5+/-6.3%) and administration of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, L-NG-monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA) (Emax=61.3+/-7.9%). 3. In the presence of nadolol, a beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptor antagonist, isoprenaline-induced relaxation persisted (Emax=55.6+/-5.3%), but occurred at higher concentrations (pD2=6.71+/-0.10) than in the absence of nadolol and lasted longer. 4. Similar relaxant effects were obtained with two beta3-adrenoceptor agonists: SR 58611 (a preferential beta3-adrenoceptor agonist), and CGP 12177 (a partial beta3-adrenoceptor with beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptor antagonistic properties). SR 58611 caused concentration-dependent relaxation (pD2=5.24+/-0.07; Emax=59.5+/-3.7%), which was not modified by pre-treatment with nadolol but antagonized by SR 59230A, a beta3-adrenoceptor antagonist. The relaxation induced by SR 58611 was associated with a 1.7 fold increase in tissue cyclic GMP content. 5 Both relaxation and the cyclic GMP increase induced by SR 58611 were greatly reduced by endothelium removal and in the presence of L-NMMA. 6 We conclude that in the rat thoracic aorta, beta3-adrenoceptors are mainly located on endothelial cells, and act in conjuction with beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptors to mediate relaxation through activation of an NO synthase pathway and subsequent increase in cyclic GMP levels.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/cytology
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/enzymology
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Cyclic GMP/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Isoproterenol/antagonists & inhibitors
- Isoproterenol/pharmacology
- Male
- Nadolol/pharmacology
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism
- Phenylephrine/antagonists & inhibitors
- Phenylephrine/pharmacology
- Propanolamines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/physiology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3
- Tetrahydronaphthalenes/pharmacology
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- omega-N-Methylarginine/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Noël Trochu
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cellulaires et Moléculaires, INSERM CJF 96-01, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Véronique Leblais
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cellulaires et Moléculaires, INSERM CJF 96-01, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Yohann Rautureau
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cellulaires et Moléculaires, INSERM CJF 96-01, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Fabrizio Bévérelli
- Département de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Hervé Le Marec
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cellulaires et Moléculaires, INSERM CJF 96-01, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Alain Berdeaux
- Département de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Chantal Gauthier
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cellulaires et Moléculaires, INSERM CJF 96-01, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Author for correspondence:
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11
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Dumas JP, Goirand F, Bardou M, Dumas M, Rochette L, Advenier C, Giudicelli JF. Role of potassium channels and nitric oxide in the relaxant effects elicited by beta-adrenoceptor agonists on hypoxic vasoconstriction in the isolated perfused lung of the rat. Br J Pharmacol 1999; 127:421-8. [PMID: 10385242 PMCID: PMC1566044 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1998] [Revised: 02/24/1999] [Accepted: 03/01/1999] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The aims of this study were to compare, in the rat isolated perfused lung preparation, the antagonist effects of a nonselective beta-adrenoceptor agonist (isoprenaline), a selective beta2-adrenoceptor agonist (salbutamol) and a selective beta3-adrenoceptor agonist (SR 59104A) on the hypoxic pulmonary pressure response, and to investigate the role of K+ channels, endothelium derived relaxing factor and prostaglandins in these effects. K+ channels were inhibited by glibenclamide, charybdotoxin or apamin, NO synthase and cyclo-oxygenase were inhibited by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and indomethacin, respectively. 2. Hypoxic ventilation produced a significant increase in perfusion pressure (+65%, P<0.001) and L-NAME significantly increased this response further (+123%, P<0.01). After apamin, L-NAME, indomethacin, post-hypoxic basal pressure did not return to baseline values (P<0.001). 3. Glibenclamide partially inhibited the relaxant effects of isoprenaline (P<0.05) and salbutamol (P<0.001) but not that of SR 59104A. In contrast, charybdotoxin and apamin partially inhibited the relaxant effects of SR 59104A (P=0.053 and <0.01, respectively) but did not modify the effects of isoprenaline and salbutamol. L-NAME partially inhibited the dilator response of salbutamol (P<0.01) and SR 59104A (P<0.05) but not that of isoprenaline. 4. We conclude that (a) EDRF exerts a significant inhibition of the hypoxic pulmonary response, (b) SK(Ca) channel activation, EDRF and prostaglandins contribute to the reversal of the hypoxic pressure response, (c) the vasodilation induced by isoprenaline is mediated in part by activation of K(ATP) channels, that of salbutamol by activation of K(ATP) channels and EDRF. In contrast, SR 59104A partly operates through BK(Ca), SK(Ca), channels and EDRF activation, differing in this from the beta1 and beta2-adrenoceptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Dumas
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaires Expérimentales, Faculté de Médecine, Dijon, France
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12
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Toyoshima H, Nasa Y, Hashizume Y, Koseki Y, Isayama Y, Kohsaka Y, Yamada T, Takeo S. Modulation of cAMP-mediated vasorelaxation by endothelial nitric oxide and basal cGMP in vascular smooth muscle. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1998; 32:543-51. [PMID: 9781922 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-199810000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent in vitro evidence shows a role of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) in the modulation of isoproterenol-induced vasorelaxation. To elucidate roles of endothelial cells and NO in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated vasodilators we examined the effects of removal of endothelium and a NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor on relaxant responses in vitro of rat aortic strips to beta-adrenoceptor stimulants and colforsin dapropate, a water-soluble forskolin, and changes in cAMP and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) contents. Relaxant responses of rat aorta to isoproterenol, denopamine, salbutamol, colforsin, and dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) were blunted by removal of endothelial cells or treatment with NOS inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Relaxant response of endothelium-intact segments to isoproterenol was associated with increases in tissue cAMP and cGMP contents. Removal of endothelium or treatment with L-NAME markedly reduced basal cGMP and abolished the isoproterenol-induced increase in cGMP but not cAMP content. In endothelium-removed segments, pretreatment with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) restored the diminished relaxant response to isoproterenol and increased basal cGMP (from 0.08 +/- 0.01 to 0.16 +/- 0.02 pmol/mg protein), whereas it did not affect the isoproterenol-induced increase in cAMP. The diminished relaxant response of endothelium-removed segments to dbcAMP was not restored by SNP pretreatment. The results suggest that relaxant response of rat aorta to cAMP-mediated vasodilators is mediated, in part, by NO production in endothelium and subsequent increase in cGMP in vascular smooth-muscle cells.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cyclic AMP/physiology
- Cyclic GMP/physiology
- Drug Interactions
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Isoproterenol/pharmacology
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/pharmacology
- Nitric Oxide/physiology
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/classification
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects
- Thoracic Arteries/drug effects
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Vasodilation/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- H Toyoshima
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Japan
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13
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Gardiner SM, March JE, Kemp PA, Bennett T. The contribution of nitric oxide to cardiovascular status and responses to vasodilators in conscious, hypertensive, transgenic ((mRen-2)27) rats. Br J Pharmacol 1998; 124:299-306. [PMID: 9641546 PMCID: PMC1565391 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The aim of the study was to measure the regional haemodynamic responses to vasodilators, and the effects of nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibition, in conscious, hypertensive, transgenic ((mRen-2)27) rats (TG rats) and normotensive, Hannover Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. 2. The hypotensive response to acetylcholine was greater in TG than in SD rats, but the renal vasodilator responses were not different. 3. The responses to bradykinin were similar in the two strains, except that hindquarters vasodilatation occurred only in SD rats. 4. Salbutamol caused smaller renal and hindquarters vasodilatation in TG rats than in SD rats, and there was mesenteric vasodilatation only in the latter strain. 5. The hypotensive response to sodium nitroprusside was smaller, but the accompanying mesenteric vasodilatation was greater, in SD than in TG rats. 6. The contribution of NO to the vasodilator responses was taken as the difference between the responses in the presence of the NO synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME), compared to those in the presence of a co-infusion of angiotensin II and vasopressin (to match the haemodynamic effects of L-NAME). 7. In TG rats, L-NAME caused a greater absolute pressor effect, but a smaller mesenteric vasoconstriction, than in SD rats. 8. L-NAME affected the vasodilator responses to all the challenges similarly in the two strains. 9. Collectively, the results provide no direct evidence for impaired NO-mediated vasodilator mechanisms in TG rats. It is feasible that the reduced hindquarters response to bradykinin and the reduced renal and hindquarters responses to salbutamol, in TG rats are due to abnormal beta2-adrenoceptor-mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Gardiner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre
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Cotter MA, Cameron NE. Correction of neurovascular deficits in diabetic rats by beta2-adrenoceptor agonist and alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist treatment: interactions with the nitric oxide system. Eur J Pharmacol 1998; 343:217-23. [PMID: 9570470 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aims were to test whether 2 weeks treatment with the beta2-adrenoceptor agonist, salbutamol, or the alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist, doxazosin, could correct nerve blood flow and conduction velocity deficits in 8 week streptozotocin-diabetic rats and to examine neurovascular mechanisms using co-treatment with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine. Sciatic motor conduction velocity, 20.3% reduced by diabetes, was corrected by 88.2 and 88.5% for salbutamol and doxazosin, respectively. A 47.6% diabetic deficit in sciatic nutritive endoneurial blood, was substantially reversed by salbutamol (117.0%) and doxazosin (61.0%) treatment. The effects of alpha1-adrenoceptor blockade and beta2-adrenoceptor stimulation on nerve blood flow and conduction velocity were almost completely (76.7-91.7%) attenuated by NG-nitro-L-arginine co-treatment. Thus, the data stress the importance of vasa nervorum alpha1 and beta2 adrenoceptors and the permissive role of nitric oxide in nerve blood flow control mechanisms. They also indicate that beta2-adrenoceptor agonists may be suitable for clinical trials of diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Cotter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marischal College, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
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Carvalho P, Johnson SR, Charan NB. Non-cAMP-mediated bronchial arterial vasodilation in response to inhaled beta-agonists. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1998; 84:215-21. [PMID: 9451638 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1998.84.1.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the dose-dependent effects of inhaled isoetharine HCl, a beta-adrenergic bronchodilator (2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mg), on bronchial blood flow (Qbr) in anesthetized sheep. Isoetharine resulted in a dose-dependent increase in Qbr. With a total dose of 17.5 mg, Qbr increased from baseline values of 22 +/- 3.4 (SE) to 60 +/- 16 ml/min (P < 0.001), an effect independent of changes in cardiac output and systemic arterial pressure. To further study whether synthesis of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) affects beta-agonist-induced increases in Qbr, we administered isoetharine (20 mg) by inhalation before and after the NO-synthase inhibitor N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Intravenous L-NAME (30 mg/kg) rapidly decreased Qbr by approximately 80% of baseline, whereas L-NAME via inhalation (10 mg/kg) resulted in a delayed and smaller (approximately 22%) decrease. Pretreatment with L-NAME via both routes of administration attenuated bronchial arterial vasodilation after subsequent challenge with isoetharine. We conclude that isoetharine via inhalation increases Qbr in a dose-dependent manner and that beta-agonist-induced relaxation of vascular smooth muscle in the bronchial vasculature is partially mediated via synthesis of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Carvalho
- Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Boise, Idaho 83702, USA
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Priest RM, Hucks D, Ward JP. Noradrenaline, beta-adrenoceptor mediated vasorelaxation and nitric oxide in large and small pulmonary arteries of the rat. Br J Pharmacol 1997; 122:1375-84. [PMID: 9421285 PMCID: PMC1565086 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Noradrenaline induces a meagre vasoconstriction in small muscular pulmonary arteries compared to large conduit pulmonary arteries. We have examined whether this may be partially related to differences in the beta-adrenoceptor-mediated vasorelaxation component and, in particular, beta-adrenoceptor-mediated NO release. 2. Noradrenaline induced a bell-shaped concentration-response in large (1202+/-27 microm) and small (334+/-12 microm) pulmonary arteries of the rat. In large arteries tension increased to 95.6+/-1.8% of 75 mM KCl (KPSS; n=8) at 2 microM, above which tension declined. The response in small arteries was meagre (12+/-1.5% KPSS, n=9), peaking at 0.2 microM. N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA; 100 microM) abolished the decline in tension induced by higher concentrations of noradrenaline in large arteries, and increased maximum tension (117+/-3.5% KPSS, n=5, P<0.05). In small arteries peak tension doubled (22.0+/-3.4% KPSS, n=6, P<0.01), but still declined above 0.2 microM. 3. Propranolol (1 microM) abolished the decline in tension at higher concentrations of noradrenaline in both groups, but increased tension substantially more in small (37.4+/-3.7% KPSS, n=5, P<0.001) than in large arteries (112.2+/-3.7% KPSS, n=9, P<0.05). In the presence of L-NMMA, propranolol had no additional effect on large arteries, whereas in small arteries there was greater potentiation than for either agent alone (67.8+/-5.9% KPSS, n=4). 4. Beta-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation was examined in arteries constricted with prostaglandin F2alpha (50 microM). In the presence of propranolol isoprenaline caused an unexpected vasoconstriction, which was abolished by phentolamine (10 microM). In the presence of phentolamine, isoprenaline caused a maximum relaxation of 43.3+/-2.1% (n=6) in large, and 49.0+/-4.5% (n=6) in small arteries. L-NMMA substantially reduced relaxation in large arteries (7.4+/-1.5%, n=6, P<0.01), but was less effective in small arteries (26.8+/-5.8, n=5, P<0.05). 5. Atenolol (beta1-antagonist, 5 microM) reduced relaxation to isoprenaline (large: 34.8+/-4.5%, n=5; small: 35.0+/-1.9%, n=6), but in combination with L-NMMA had no additional effect over L-NMMA alone. ICI 118551 (beta2-antagonist, 0.1 microM) reduced isoprenaline-induced relaxation more than atenolol (large: 18.0+/-4.6%, n=6, P<0.05; small: 25.6+/-10.7%, n=6, P<0.05). ICI 118551 in combination with L-NMMA substantially reduced relaxation (large: 4.8+/-2.6%, n=9; small: 6.5+/-3.6%, n=5). 6. Salbutamol-induced relaxation was reduced substantially by L-NMMA in large arteries (control: 34.7+/-6.4%, n=6; +L-NMMA: 8.3+/-1.3%, n=5, P<0.01), but to a lesser extent in small arteries (control: 50.9+/-7.5%, n=6; +L-NMMA: 23.0+/-0.7%, n=5, P<0.05). Relaxation to forskolin was also partially antagonized by L-NMMA. 7. These results suggest that the meagre vasoconstriction to noradrenaline in small pulmonary arteries is partially due to a greater beta-adrenoceptor-mediated component than in large arteries. Beta-mediated vasorelaxation in large arteries was largely NO-dependent, whereas in small arteries a significant proportion was NO-independent. Noradrenaline stimulation was also associated with NO release that was independent of beta-adrenoceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Priest
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, UMDS, St. Thomas' Campus, London
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Waurick R, Bone HG, Meyer J, Booke M, Meissner A, Prien T, Van Aken H. Haemodynamic effects of dopexamine and nitric oxide synthase inhibition in healthy and endotoxaemic sheep. Eur J Pharmacol 1997; 333:181-6. [PMID: 9314033 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronically instrumented awake healthy sheep (n = 6) received the synthetic catecholamine, dopexamine, during or without a background infusion of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. L-nitro-arginine-methylester (L-NAME). Three days later, hypotensive-hyperdynamic circulation was induced and maintained by continuous infusion of Salmonella typhosa endotoxin (10 ng/kg per min). After 24 h of continuous endotoxin infusion, the dopexamine L-NAME protocol was repeated. In healthy and endotoxaemic animals with and without nitric oxide synthase inhibition dopexamine caused the same haemodynamic changes: heart rate and cardiac output increased, mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance decreased. L-NAME infusion induced normalisation of the hypotonic-hyperdynamic circulation in endotoxaemic animals. Dopexamine reduced some adverse effects of L-NAME treatment, like increased pulmonary vascular resistance and decreased oxygen delivery. In conclusion the haemodynamic effects of dopexamine are independent of the amount of nitric oxide production. Dopexamine may attenuate some of the adverse effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Waurick
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
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Ghaleh B, Béa ML, Dubois-Randé JL, Giudicelli JF, Hittinger L, Berdeaux A. Endothelial modulation of beta-adrenergic dilation of large coronary arteries in conscious dogs. Circulation 1995; 92:2627-35. [PMID: 7586366 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.92.9.2627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelium-derived relaxing factors have been described as important intermediates in beta-adrenergic vasodilation of resistance coronary vessels, but their involvement at the level of large epicardial coronary arteries remains controversial. Therefore, we examined the role of vascular endothelium in the beta-adrenergic-mediated vasodilation of large epicardial coronary arteries in conscious dogs. METHODS AND RESULTS Nine dogs were instrumented for measurement of left circumflex coronary artery diameter (CD) by sonomicrometry and coronary blood flow velocity (CBFv) with a Doppler technique in response to graded doses of isoproterenol (0.001 to 0.1 microgram/kg IV bolus). Under control conditions, isoproterenol induced dose-dependent increases in CD and CBFv. When CBFv was kept constant at its baseline value by inflation of a cuff occluder, isoproterenol still induced dose-dependent increases in CD, but the latter were of lesser magnitude than those observed under normal CBFv conditions (110 +/- 20 versus 170 +/- 30 microns, respectively, ie, a reduction of 33% of the dilatory response at 0.1 microgram/kg, P < .01). In the same dogs, the coronary endothelium was then mechanically removed at the site of CD measurement by a balloon angioplasty technique. After this procedure, the dose-dependent increases in CD induced by isoproterenol under either normal or controlled CBFv conditions were overimposable, and their magnitude was similar to that of the increases observed in the presence of an intact endothelium when CBFv was kept constant. After beta 1-adrenergic receptor blockade by atenolol (1 mg/kg), isoproterenol-induced increases in CD were abolished either when CBFv was kept constant or after endothelium removal. CONCLUSIONS In conscious dogs, the direct stimulating effect of isoproterenol on beta 1-adrenergic receptors is endothelium-independent at the level of large coronary arteries. The endothelium reinforces the dilatory response to isoproterenol through an indirect, flow-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ghaleh
- Département de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, France
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Abstract
Research during recent years has established nitric oxide as a unique signaling molecule that plays important roles in the regulation of the cardiovascular, nervous, renal, immune and other systems. Nitric oxide has also been implicated in the control of the secretion of hormones by the pancreas, hypothalamus, pituitary and other endocrine glands, and evidence is accumulating that it contributes to the regulation of the secretion of renin by the kidneys. The enzyme nitric oxide synthetase is present in vascular and tubular elements of the kidney, particularly in cells of the macula densa, a structure that plays an important role in the control of renin secretion. Guanylyl cyclase, a major target for nitric oxide, is also present in the kidney and is responsive to changes in nitric oxide levels. Drugs that inhibit nitric oxide synthesis generally suppress renin release in vivo and in vitro, suggesting a stimulatory role for the L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway in the control of renin secretion. Under some conditions, however, blockade of nitric oxide synthesis increases renin secretion. Recent studies indicate that nitric oxide not only contributes to the regulation of basal renin secretion, but also participates in the renin secretory responses to activation of the renal baroreceptor, macula densa and beta adrenoceptor mechanisms that regulate renin secretion. Future research should clarify the mechanisms by which nitric oxide regulates the secretion of renin and establish the physiological significance of this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Reid
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0444, USA
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Eckly AE, Stoclet JC, Lugnier C. Isoprenaline induces endothelium-independent relaxation and accumulation of cyclic nucleotides in the rat aorta. Eur J Pharmacol 1994; 271:237-40. [PMID: 7698208 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(94)90287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The role of endothelium in isoprenaline-induced relaxation was investigated in aortic rings brought to different levels of pre-contraction. Relaxation elicited by isoprenaline decreased with increasing pre-contraction. However, relaxation was identical in rings with and without endothelium brought to the same initial tension by adjusting the noradrenaline concentration. Furthermore, isoprenaline increased cAMP and cGMP contents to the same levels whether endothelium was present or not. These results do not support an obligatory role for the endothelium in isoprenaline-induced relaxation in rat aorta. They indicate that relaxation induced by isoprenaline can be enhanced by the endothelium as a consequence of its effect on the precontraction level of the aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Eckly
- Université Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Physiopathologie cellulaires, CNRS URA 0600, Illkirch, France
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