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Vanderwaal RP, Maggi LB, Weber JD, Hunt CR, Roti Roti JL. Nucleophosmin redistribution following heat shock: a role in heat-induced radiosensitization. Cancer Res 2009; 69:6454-62. [PMID: 19638589 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellular survival from radiation-induced DNA damage requires access to sites of damage for the assembly of repair complexes and the subsequent repair, particularly the repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSB). Hyperthermia causes changes in protein-protein/DNA interactions in the nucleus that block access to sites of DNA damage. Studies presented here indicate that the nucleolar protein, nucleophosmin (NPM), redistributes from the nucleolus following hyperthermia, increases its association with DNA, and blocks access to DNA DSBs. Reduction of NPM significantly reduces heat-induced radiosensitization, but reduced NPM level does not alter radiation sensitivity per se. NPM knockdown reduces heat-induced inhibition of DNA DSB repair. Also, these results suggest that NPM associates with nuclear matrix attachment region DNA in heat-shocked cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Vanderwaal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
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2
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Lui CP, Chang PK, Fung KP, Choy YM, Lee CY. Effects of hyperthermia on the nucleolar proteins in tumour cells. Cancer Lett 1993; 70:129-39. [PMID: 8330295 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(93)90085-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The effects of hyperthermia at 41 degrees C and 43 degrees C on the nucleolar protein B23 in Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT), human glioblastoma U-87 MG and U-373 MG cell lines were studied. Cellular localization of protein B23 was detected by an immunofluorescence technique using monoclonal antibody against protein B23. Diminution of fluorescence in the nucleoli occurred when the cells were treated at high temperature. The decrease in fluorescence level depends on the treatment temperature and duration. Among the three cell lines studied, the U-373 MG glioblastoma was the least responsive to hyperthermia followed by the U-87 MG glioblastoma. The decrease in nucleolar fluorescence of the EAT cells treated at 41 degrees C and 43 degrees C correlated with their subsequent cell survival. Dispersion of the nucleolar argyrophilic granules occurred in EAT cells after heating at 43 degrees C for 1 h. The possible implication of such effect is discussed in relation to the heat-sensitive elements in the nucleolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Lui
- Department of Biochemistry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Burdon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- A Laszlo
- Section of Cancer Biology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
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Welch WJ, Kang HS, Beckmann RP, Mizzen LA. Response of mammalian cells to metabolic stress; changes in cell physiology and structure/function of stress proteins. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1991; 167:31-55. [PMID: 2055098 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-75875-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In response to adverse changes in their local environment, cells or tissues from all organisms increase the expression of a group of proteins referred to as heat shock or stress proteins. Collectively, the stress proteins are thought to provide the cell with some degree of protection during the environmental insult as well as facilitate the repair and recovery of metabolic pathways perturbed as a consequence of the stress event. Within the past few years it has become apparent that most all of the stress proteins are present in appreciable levels in the unstressed cell and are involved in a number of very basic and essential biochemical pathways. The present review has discussed pertinent changes in cell physiology in mammalian cells experiencing metabolic stress. In addition, considerable attention has been given to discussing the properties and possible functions of the individual stress proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Welch
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143
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6
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Mansfield MA, Lingle WL, Key JL. The effects of lethal heat shock on nonadapted and thermotolerant root cells of Glycine max. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0889-1605(88)90036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Scharf KD, Nover L. Control of ribosome biosynthesis in plant cell cultures under heat shock conditions. II. Ribosomal proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(87)90045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Welch WJ, Suhan JP. Cellular and biochemical events in mammalian cells during and after recovery from physiological stress. J Cell Biol 1986; 103:2035-52. [PMID: 3536957 PMCID: PMC2114370 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.103.5.2035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have examined and compared a number of cellular and biochemical events associated with the recovery process of rat fibroblasts placed under stress by different agents. Metabolic pulse-labeling studies of cells recovering from either heat-shock treatment, exposure to sodium arsenite, or exposure to an amino acid analogue of proline, L-azetidine 2-carboxylic acid, revealed interesting differences with respect to the individual stress proteins produced, their kinetics of induction, as well as the decay in their synthesis during the recovery period. In the initial periods of recovery, the major stress-induced 72-kD protein accumulates within the altered nucleoli in close association with the pre-ribosomal-containing granular region. During the later times of recovery from stress, the nucleoli begin to regain a normal morphology, show a corresponding loss of the 72-kD protein, and the majority of the protein now begins to accumulate within the cytoplasm in three distinct locales: the perinuclear region, along the perimeter of the cells, and finally in association with large phase-dense structures. These latter structures appear to consist of large aggregates of phase-dense material with no obvious encapsulating membrane. More interestingly we show, using double-label indirect immunofluorescence analysis, that much of the perinuclear and cell perimeter-distributed 72-kD protein coincides with the distribution of the cytoplasmic ribosomes. We discuss the possible implications of the presence of the 72-kD stress proteins within the pre-ribosomal-containing granular region of the nucleolus as well as its subsequent colocalization with cytoplasmic ribosomes in terms of the translational changes which occur in cells both during and after recovery from physiological stress.
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Nover L, Munsche D, Neumann D, Ohme K, Scharf KD. Control of ribosome biosynthesis in plant cell cultures under heat-shock conditions. Ribosomal RNA. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1986; 160:297-304. [PMID: 3769929 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1986.tb09971.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The immediate block of ribosome biosynthesis in heat-shocked tomato cell cultures is primarily caused by the complete inhibition of pre-rRNP processing. Depending on the heat-shock conditions synthesis of pre-rRNP goes on, though at a reduced level. Synthesis and/or preservation of pre-rRNP during heat shock as well as its efficient processing in the recovery period are thoroughly improved by preconditioning of cells to the hyperthermic treatment. Such preinduced cultures are characterized by their content of preformed heat-shock proteins, whose dominant representative (hsp 70) becomes highly enriched in the characteristic granular rRNP material observed in nucleoli of heat-shocked cells. This is shown by immune fluorescence staining and microautoradiography.
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11
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Abstract
Living organisms are known to react to a heat stress by the selective induction in the synthesis of several polypeptides. In this review we list the major stress proteins of mammalian cells that are induced by heat shock and other environments and categorize these proteins into specific subgroups: the major heat shock proteins, the glucose-regulated proteins, and the low-molecular-weight heat shock proteins. Characteristics of the localization and expression of proteins in each of these subgroups are presented. Specifically, the nuclear/nucleolar locale of certain of the major heat shock proteins is considered with respect to their association with RNA and the recovery of cells after a heat exposure. The induction of these major heat shock proteins and the repression of the glucose-regulated proteins as a result of reoxygenation of anoxic cells or by the addition of glucose to glucose-deprived cultures is described. Changes in the expression of these protein systems during embryogenesis and differentiation in mammalian and nonmammalian systems is summarized, and the protective role that some of these proteins appear to play in protecting the animal against the lethal effects of a severe heat treatment and against teratogenesis is critically examined.
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Welch WJ, Suhan JP. Morphological study of the mammalian stress response: characterization of changes in cytoplasmic organelles, cytoskeleton, and nucleoli, and appearance of intranuclear actin filaments in rat fibroblasts after heat-shock treatment. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1985; 101:1198-211. [PMID: 3900086 PMCID: PMC2113902 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.101.4.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Using both electron microscopy and immunological methods, we have characterized a number of changes occurring in rat fibroblasts after heat-shock treatment. Incubation of the cells for 3 h at 42 degrees-43 degrees C resulted in a number of changes within the cytoplasm including: a disruption and fragmentation of the Golgi complex; a modest swelling of the mitochondria and subtle alterations in the packing of the cristae; and alterations in cytoskeletal elements, specifically a collapse and aggregation of the vimentin-containing intermediate filaments around the nucleus. A number of striking changes were also found within the nuclei of the heat-treated cells: (a) We observed the appearance of rod-shaped bodies consisting of densely packed filaments. Using biochemical and immunological methods, these nuclear inclusion bodies were shown to be comprised of actin filaments. (b) Considerable alterations in the integrity of the nucleoli were observed after the heat-shock treatment. Specifically, there appeared to be a general relaxation in the condensation state of the nucleoli, changes in both the number and size of the granular ribonucleoprotein components, and finally a reorganization of the nucleolar fibrillar reticulum. These morphological changes in the integrity of the nucleoli are of significant interest since previous work as well as studies presented here show that two of the mammalian stress proteins, the major stress-induced 72-kD protein and the 110-kD protein, localize within the nucleoli of the cells after heat-shock treatment. We discuss these morphological changes with regards to the known biological and biochemical events that occur in cells after induction of the stress response.
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Nuclear and nucleolar localization of the 72,000-dalton heat shock protein in heat-shocked mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)43075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Pouchelet M, St-Pierre E, Bibor-Hardy V, Simard R. Localization of the 70 000 dalton heat-induced protein in the nuclear matrix of BHK cells. Exp Cell Res 1983; 149:451-9. [PMID: 6641812 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(83)90357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of exponentially growing BHK cells to supranormal temperatures (41-44 degrees C, for 15 min to 1 h) induces the synthesis of a new set of proteins, the heat shock proteins, while the synthesis of proteins made before heat shock is repressed at 43 degrees C. Among the two major heat shock proteins induced, of molecular weight 70 K and 68 K, only the 70 kD protein is found bound to the nuclear matrix. This protein is resolved differently from the normal matrix proteins by isoelectric focusing and, when blotted, does not react with antibodies directed against nuclear matrices. These results show that the 70 kD heat shock protein is a new protein transferred from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, where it binds to the nuclear matrix, suggesting a structural role for this protein.
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Subjeck JR, Shyy T, Shen J, Johnson RJ. Association between the mammalian 110,000-dalton heat-shock protein and nucleoli. J Cell Biol 1983; 97:1389-95. [PMID: 6355118 PMCID: PMC2112693 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.97.5.1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A rabbit antiserum has been prepared using as antigen the 110,000-dalton mammalian heat-shock protein. This protein was purified for injection by two-dimensional PAGE of heat-shocked Chinese hamster ovary cells. Characterization by immunoautoradiography and immunoprecipitation reveals that the antiserum is specific for the 110,000-dalton protein. Both techniques also reveal that the protein against which the antiserum is directed is induced by heat shock. Indirect immunofluorescence shows that the antigen is primarily localized at or near the nucleolus in cultured cells and numerous murine tissues. Treatment of cultured cells with deoxyribonuclease destroys the organization of staining within the nucleus while ribonuclease appears to completely release the antigen from the nucleus. A binding of the antiserum to cytoplasmic structures is also observed by immunofluorescence. This association with nucleoli may have implications in the regulatory aspects of the heat-shock response.
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Bibor-Hardy V, Pouchelet M, St-Pierre E, Herzberg M, Simard R. The nuclear matrix is involved in herpes simplex virogenesis. Virology 1982; 121:296-306. [PMID: 6289519 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(82)90169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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17
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Bouche G, Raynal F, Amalric F, Zalta JP. Unusual processing of nucleolar RNA synthesized during a heat shock in CHO cells. Mol Biol Rep 1981; 7:253-8. [PMID: 7290092 DOI: 10.1007/bf00805762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Maturation of pre-rRNA has been investigated through heat shock experiments in which pre-rRNA synthesis is successively turned off and turned on. After one hour at 43 degrees C high molecular weight RNA is no longer synthesized and both the methylation and the maturation of pre-rRNA synthesized before heat shock are blocked. After two hours recovery at 37 degrees C, methylation and simultaneous maturation of pre-existing RNA occur while pre-rRNA synthesis is reinitiated only after 7 hours at 37 degrees C. During the first 30 min. at 43 degrees C, a residual synthesis of high molecular weight RNA is observed in the nucleolus with an average molecular weight slightly higher than pre-rRNA (4.6 10(6)). During the recovery period at 37 degrees C, RNA synthesized at 43 degrees C is slowly processed into unusual species (39S, 35S, 29S). No new ribosomal RNA appeared in the cytoplasm. This unusual maturation pathway could be a minor pathway of nucleolar RNA processing in exponentially growing cells.
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Caizergues-Ferrer M, Bouche G, Amalric F. Phosphorylated proteins involved in the regulation of rRNA synthesis in CHO cells recovering from heat shock. FEBS Lett 1980; 116:261-4. [PMID: 7409148 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(80)80658-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Caizergues-Ferrer M, Bouche G, Amalric F, Zalta JP. Effects of heat shock on nuclear and nucleolar protein phosphorylation in Chinese hamster ovary cells. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1980; 108:399-404. [PMID: 7408858 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1980.tb04735.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Distribution and 32P labeling of nuclear and nucleolar phosphoproteins were studied in Chinese hamster ovary cells incubated at supranormal temperature (1 h at 43 degrees C). The heat shock induced the phosphorylation of a nucleolar protein with a molecular weight of 95,000. Similarly, in the non-nucleolar fraction of the nucleus, phosphorylation of a 54,000-Mr protein was induced while a protein with a molecular weight of 35,000 was rapidly dephosphorylated. Except for these definite changes, the labeling pattern of proteins that were 32P labeled prior to the heat shock was not affected. During recovery at 37 degrees C, the efficiency of labeling was reduced (10-50% of control values accoring to the subcellular fraction) and certain changes in labeling of phosphoproteins were detected. The nucleolar protein of 95,000 Mr was no longer phosphorylated. Phosphorylation of the 54,000-Mr protein, induced by heat shock, continued during the first 4 h of recovery at 36 degrees C and then stopped. The 35,000-Mr protein was slightly phosphorylated during the first hours at 37 degrees C and progressively reached its control level by 7 h. These findings,along with previous results on the effects of heat shock on RNA synthesis, suggest that the phosphorylation level of the three phosphoproteins may play a role in the regulation of transcription and in RNA processing.
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Cervera J, Montero MR. Effects of thermic shock on HEp-2 cells. III. Accumulation of perichromatin granules. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1980; 71:1-13. [PMID: 6154801 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(80)90030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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21
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Fakan S, Puvion E. The ultrastructural visualization of nucleolar and extranucleolar RNA synthesis and distribution. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1980; 65:255-99. [PMID: 6156137 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61962-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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22
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Bouche G, Amalric F, Caizergues-Ferrer M, Zalta JP. Effects of heat shock on gene expression and subcellular protein distribution in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Nucleic Acids Res 1979; 7:1739-47. [PMID: 537909 PMCID: PMC342345 DOI: 10.1093/nar/7.7.1739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Incubation of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells for one hour at 43 degrees C results in several obvious changes in protein distribution and protein synthesis. One major protein of the cytoplasm (molecular weight 45,000 daltions), also present as a minor component in the nucleus, rapidly disappeared while several proteins, especially high molecular weight peptides, were induced by heat shock. Localization of the proteins in the cytoplasm, extra-nucleolar chromatin and nucleolar bodies has been carried out. Different sets of induced proteins appear in each subcellular compartment. Four hours after restoration of the normal temperature, the normal pattern of protein synthesis was observed. The 45,000 dalton protein reappeared first. Relations between structural and functional alterations and changes in protein distribution are suggested.
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Cervera J. Effects of thermic shock on HEp-2 cells. II. Inhibition of induction of perichromatin granules by cordycepin and actinomycin D. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1979; 66:182-9. [PMID: 311856 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(79)90133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Hoflack B, D'Halluin JC, Popic S, Nicholson G, Krsmanovic V. A thermal sensitive function of KB cell DNA-dependent RNA polymerase IB involved in RNA chain growth. Biochimie 1979; 60:1187-91. [PMID: 737198 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(79)80354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Fransolet S, Deltour R, Bronchart R, Van de Walle C. Changes in ultrastructure and transcription induced by elevated temperature in Zea mays embryonic root cells. PLANTA 1979; 146:7-18. [PMID: 24317940 DOI: 10.1007/bf00381249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/1978] [Accepted: 03/19/1979] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A study has been made of the changes occurring in Zea mays kernels exposed to thermal shock at the 48th h of soaking at 16°C, i.e., just before the protrusion of the root. Heat shock of 5 h at 46°C temporarily inhibits the resumption of root growth and consequently retards the protrusion of the root. On the ultrastructural level, it is the nucleolus which undergoes the most dramatic changes. Total loss of the granular component occurs and new electron opaque corpuscles with diameters ranging from 80 to 140 nm appear. These corpuscles contain RNA and proteins. Microstereology shows that the vacuolation of the nucleolus is increased whereas its volume is decreased. Autoradiographical and biochemical studies of RNA synthesis show that the heat shock induces an inhibition of pre-rRNA synthesis. Only RNAs of low molecular weight are still synthesized. After 19 h of a return to 16°C, the ultrastructural changes of the nucleolus are reversed. Nevertheless, increased nucleolar vacuolation persists up to that time. Exposure of maize kernels to 46°C also produces the appearance of corpuscles in some areas of the cytoplasm and in the matrix of mitochondria. Disappearance of these structures is complete within 19 h, except in some mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fransolet
- Laboratoire de Morphologie, Département de Botanique, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
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Cervera J. Effects of thermic shock on HEp-2 cells. An ultrastructural and high-resolution autoradiographic study. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1978; 63:51-63. [PMID: 671577 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(78)80044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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27
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Lomagin AG. Repair of functional and ultrastructural alterations after thermal injury of Physarum polycephalum. PLANTA 1978; 142:123-134. [PMID: 24408093 DOI: 10.1007/bf00388203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/1976] [Accepted: 12/27/1977] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Repair of thermal injury of Physarum polycephalum Schw. plasmodia has been studied by light and electron microscopy. As a result of heating the plasmodia for 10 min at 42°C both the unordered and shuttle protoplasmic streaming were arrested; the outer plasmodial membrane showed alterations at sites of contact with water; the onset of the next mitosis was considerably delayed. The plasmodial ultrastructure was markedly disturbed, including disappearance of the granular component of the nucleoili and a compact, almost fibrillar structure of the latter. The mitochondria became distorted and their intracristal spaces enlarged while the outer and inner membranes appeared in some places to be separated. Glycogen particles disappeared from the cytoplasm. Recovery of both types of protoplasmic streaming of the motility of the plasmodium, of the resistance of its membrane to contact with water, and of the ability of the organism to go through the cell cycle went all hand in hand with the normalization of the structure of nucleoli, mitochondria and cytoplasm. All of the functional and structural characteristics are normalized within ca. 9 h following heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Lomagin
- Laboratory of Cytophysiology and Cytoecology, V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 197022, Leningrad P-22, USSR
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Hadjiolov AA, Nikolaev N. Maturation of ribosomal ribonucleic acids and the biogenesis of ribosomes. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1978; 31:95-144. [PMID: 790469 DOI: 10.1016/0079-6107(78)90006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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29
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Strom R, Crifo C, Rossi-Fanelli A, Mondovi B. Biochemical aspects of heat sensitivity of tumour cells. Recent Results Cancer Res 1977:7-35. [PMID: 331418 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-81080-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Royal A, Simard R. RNA synthesis in the ultrastructural and biochemical components of the nucleolus of Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1975; 66:577-85. [PMID: 1171872 PMCID: PMC2109465 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.66.3.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A correlated autoradiographic and biochemical study of RNA synthesis in the nucleoli of chinese hamster ovary cells has been made. Quantitative analysis of the labeling indicates that the fibrillar ribonucleoprotein (RNP) component is labeled faster than 80S RNP and 45S RNA molecules, but approaches simultaneously a steady-state 3H to 14C ratio or grains/mum2 after 30 min of [3H]uridine incorporation. On the other hand, the 55S RNP, the 36S + 32S RNA, and the granular RNP components have the same kinetic of labeling with [3H]uridine. These results suggest that the fibrillar and granular RNP components of the nucleolus are the ultrastructural substratum of, respectively, the 80S RNP (45S RNA) and 55S RNP (36S + 32S RNA). The possibility that precursors to 80S RNP exist also in the fibrillar region of the nucleolus is strongly suggested by the rapid labeling of the fibrils on the autoradiographs.
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31
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Langelier Y, Simard R, Brailovsky C. Mechanism of actinomycin resistance in SV40-transformed hamster cells. Differentiation 1974; 2:261-7. [PMID: 4374404 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1974.tb00360.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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32
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Pouchelet M. [Autoradiographic study of L929 cells on the incorporation of labeled precursors of DNA, RNA, and proteins during thermic shock and return to 37 degrees C]. Exp Cell Res 1974; 83:207-19. [PMID: 4855879 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(74)90705-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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33
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Shields D, Tata JR. Differential thermal sensitivities of eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. FEBS Lett 1973; 31:209-213. [PMID: 11947116 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(73)80105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Shields
- National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, NW7 1AA, London, England
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Dickson JA, Shah DM. The effects of hyperthermia (42 degrees C) on the biochemistry and growth of a malignant cell line. Eur J Cancer 1972; 8:561-71. [PMID: 4651788 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2964(72)90110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Perry RP, Kelley DE. The production of ribosomal RNA from high molecular weight precursors. 3. Hydrolysis of pre-ribosomal and ribosomal RNA by a 3'-OH specific exoribonuclease. J Mol Biol 1972; 70:265-79. [PMID: 4672957 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(72)90538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Amalric F, Nicoloso M, Zalta JP. A comparative study of "soluble" RNA polymerase activity of Zajdela hepatoma ascites cells and calf thymus. FEBS Lett 1972; 22:67-72. [PMID: 11946563 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(72)80221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Amalric
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique, Institut de Physiologie, Faculté des Sciences, 84 Grande Rue St-Michel, Toulouse, France
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Reeves OR. Mechanisms of acquired resistance to acute heat shock in cultured mammalian cells. J Cell Physiol 1972; 79:157-70. [PMID: 5063613 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1040790202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Zalta J, Zalta JP, Simard R. Isolation of nucleoli. A method that combines high yield, structural integrity, and biochemical preservation. J Cell Biol 1971; 51:563-8. [PMID: 4939528 PMCID: PMC2108127 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.51.2.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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40
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Bachellerie JP, Martin-Prevel C, Zalta JP. [Kinetics of the incorporation of uridine ( 3 H) in subnucleolar fractions of rat ascites hepatoma cells]. Biochimie 1971; 53:383-9. [PMID: 4327552 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(71)80105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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41
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Díez JL, Marín MF, Esponda P, Stockert JC. Prenucleolar bodies in the cytoplasm of meristematic cells after thermal shock. EXPERIENTIA 1971; 27:266-7. [PMID: 4100611 DOI: 10.1007/bf02138136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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42
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Heine U, Sverak L, Kondratick J, Bonar RA. The behavior of HeLa-S3 cells under the influence of supranormal temperatures. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1971; 34:375-96. [PMID: 4926050 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(71)80079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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43
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Hoehn H, Nagel M, Krone W. In vitro alteration of association patterns of human acrocentric chromosomes. HUMANGENETIK 1971; 11:146-54. [PMID: 4100467 DOI: 10.1007/bf00393795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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44
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Levine EM, Robbins EB. Differential temperature sensitivity of normal and cancer cells in culture. J Cell Physiol 1970; 76:373-9. [PMID: 5502354 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1040760315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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45
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Das NK, Micou-Eastwood J, Ramamurthy G, Alfert M. Sites of synthesis and processing of ribosomal RNA presurosrs within the nucleolus of Urechis caupo eggs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1970; 67:968-75. [PMID: 5289033 PMCID: PMC283300 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.67.2.968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleoli from unfertilized Urechis eggs, labeled with tritiated RNA precursors, have been isolated for simultaneous autoradiographic localization and biochemical analysis of labeled RNA. The production of the ribosomal RNA precursor (38S) and its first cleavage occur at the fibrillar core region of the nucleolus. The products, predominantly 30S RNA, are then rapidly transported and stored in the granular cortex of the nucleolus. The formation of the nucleolar cortex, therefore, seems to result from an accumulation of partially processed ribosomal RNA with its associated proteins.
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46
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Martin-Prevel C, Zalta JP. Proprietes de nucleoles debarrasses de chromatine perinucleolaire, isoles en milieu MgCl 2
a haute force ionique a partir de cellules d'hepatome ascitique de rat. FEBS Lett 1970; 6:329-333. [PMID: 11947407 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(70)80090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A method is devised for isolation of pure nucleoli, devoid of perinucleolar chromatin, from rat hepatoma in a medium of high ionic strength (I = 1, MgCl(2) = 0.33 M).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Martin-Prevel
- Laboratoire de Chimie-Biologique Faculté des Sciences, Toulouse, France
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47
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Simard R. The nucleus: action of chemical and physical agents. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1970; 28:169-211. [PMID: 4907035 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)62543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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48
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Duprat AM. [Effect of above-normal temperatures on the nucleolus of embryonic urodele cells cultured in vitro. Action on the morphologic differentiation of the cells]. Exp Cell Res 1969; 57:37-42. [PMID: 5822121 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(69)90364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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49
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Simard R, Amalric F, Zalta JP. [Effect of supra-optimal temperature on nucleolar ribonucleoproteins and RNA. 1. Ultrastructural study]. Exp Cell Res 1969; 55:359-69. [PMID: 4306775 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(69)90570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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