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Tatsinkou LLT, Fossi BT, Sotoing GT, Mambou HMAY, Ivo PEA, Achidi EA. Prophylactic effects of probiotic bacterium Latilactobacillus sakei on haematological parameters and cytokine profile of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA during early malaria infection. Life Sci 2023; 331:122056. [PMID: 37652156 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a deadly parasitic disease caused a by protozoan parasite of the genus plasmodium. The challenges facing by chemotherapy and vector control couple with the lack of vaccine against malaria necessitate an urgent need for the development of alternative treatment regimens to combat this disease. One possible antimalarial treatment regimen is the use of probiotic bacteria as dietary supplements. Traditionally fermented milk is a rich source of probiotic bacteria that up to date, very few studies have been carried out on their immunoprotective effects against early malaria infection in mice. This study sought to assess the prophylactic activities of a probiotic bacterium Latilactobacillus sakei on malaria and inflammation in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. The probiotic bacterium was isolated from the Fulani's traditionally fermented milk and identified using the sequencing of the 16S r RNA gene. The repository activity of L. sakei on malaria was assessed using the method described by Peters with slight modification. Eighty-four BALB/c mice were randomly divided into two sets of seven groups of six mice each. One set received orally different doses of L. sakei Chloroquine and Sulfadoxine/Pyrimethamine for seven days before infection while the other set received for fourteen days before infection with 0.1 mL of 107Plasmodium berghei. Parasitaemia density, haematological parameters and inflammatory cytokines profile were evaluated. Data were presented as Mean ± SEM and analysed using SPSS version 20.0. The results of this study revealed that L. sakei significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in dose dependent manner parasite load, body weight loss and reduction of body temperature in all the treated mice when compare to untreated mice. Leukocytopenia, thrombocytosis and inflammation were also found to be significantly (p < 0.05) prevented in treated mice as compared to untreated mice. This study suggested that L sakei possesses immunomodulation and protective effects on early malaria infection in Plasmodium berghei mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bertrand Tatsinkou Fossi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, Cameroon.
| | - Germain Taiwe Sotoing
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Eric Akum Achidi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
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Chinedu E, Akah P, Jacob D, Onah I, Ukegbu C, Chukwuemeka C. Antimalarial activities of butanol and ethylacetate fractions of Combretum nigricans leaf. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.256731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Knight DJ. Babesia rodhainiandPlasmodium berghei. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1981.11687401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Peters W, Portus JH, Robinson BL. The chemotherapy of rodent malaria, XXII. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1975.11686997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Peters W. The chemotherapy of rodent malaria, XII. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1970.11686681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Peters W. The chemotherapy of rodent malaria, I. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1968.11686555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Knight DJ, Williamson P. The antimalarial activity of N-benzyloxydihydrotriazines. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1980.11687361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Knight DJ, Williamson P. The antimalarial activity of N-benzyl-oxydihydrotriazines. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1982.11687499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Han H, Chen Y, Bi H, Yu L, Sun C, Li S, Oumar SA, Zhou Y. In vivo antimalarial activity of ginseng extracts. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2011; 49:283-289. [PMID: 21323481 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2010.511235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Novel antimalarial agents are in demand due to the emergence of multidrug resistant strains. Ginseng, a medicinal plant with antiparasitic activity, contains components that can be used to treat the tropical disease malaria. OBJECTIVE Ginsenosides and polysaccharides are active components of ginseng. This study aimed to elucidate the ability of these compounds to inhibit the replication of Plasmodium yoelii in an attempt to determine whether the medicinal uses of ginseng are supported by pharmacological effects. New antimalarial compounds may be developed from ginsenosides and water-soluble ginseng polysaccharides (WGP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Ginsenosides and ginseng polysaccharides were prepared from ginseng. Antimalarial activities were examined by 4-day tests and repository tests. Macrophage phagocytosis was tested in normal and malaria-bearing mice. RESULTS Ginseng polysaccharides could inhibit residual malaria infection. After a 6-day treatment, the parasitemia reductions of WGP and acidic ginseng polysaccharide (WGPA) were 55.66% and 64.73% at 200 mg/kg/day, respectively. Ginsenosides showed significant antimalarial activity on early infection. Protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides caused 70.97% chemosuppression at 50 mg/kg/day, higher than 52.8% of total ginsenosides at the same dose. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides have remarkably suppressive activity during early infection, while acidic ginseng polysaccharides have significant prophylactic activity against malaria by stimulating the immune system. We propose that the activity of ginsenosides is dependent upon non-specific carbohydrate interactions and that the activity of ginseng polysaccharides is due to immunological modulation. Ginsenosides and ginseng polysaccharides might have a potential application in antimalarial treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Han
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
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Hill J. The activity of drug combinations against established infections of rodent malaria. Parasitology 1987; 95 ( Pt 1):17-23. [PMID: 3313204 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000057504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the experiments reported here treatment (with a single dose or daily for 4 days) was delayed until 3 days after inoculation. Various combinations of M&B 35,769, 2:4-diamino-5-[3(4-4'-chlorophenylphenoxy)propyl-1-oxy]-6-methylpy rimidine HCl, plus sulphadoxine, and of M&B 35,769 plus dapsone, were examined and it was concluded that no universally ideal ratio of constituents in a combination is possible because the optimum ratio depends upon the activity of the constituents on their own and therefore varies from strain to strain. Activity was assessed on the 24th day after infection. M&B 35,769 was markedly superior to pyrimethamine against all strains when the compounds were given on their own but, although it showed good potentiation with sulphadoxine and dapsone, much of its lead over pyrimethamine was lost in combination. M&B 36,821 2-4-diamino-5-[3-(3,4'-dibromobiphenyl-4-oxy)-propyl-1-oxy]-6-meth yl pyrimidine HCl, was more active than M&B 35,769 against pyrimethamine- and cycloguanil-resistant strains but not against sensitive strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hill
- Research Laboratories, May & Baker Ltd, Dagenham, Essex
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Peters W, Porter M. The chemotherapy of rodent malaria, XXVI. The potential value of WR 122,455 (a 9-phenanthrenemethanol) against drug-resistant malaria parasites. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 1976; 70:271-81. [PMID: 788658 DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1976.11687123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The phenanthrenemethanol compound WR 122,455 is an effective blood schizontocide against lines of Plasmodium berghei that are highly resistant to primaquine, sulphonamides, pyrimethamine and cycloguanil. It is also active against the NS line that is moderately resistant to chloroquine. WR 122,455 is inactive against the RC line which is highly resistant to chloroquine. Resistance to WR 122,455 is fairly readily developed by the drug-sensitive N strain of P. berghei, using a relapse technique. Resistance develops very readily to the NS line of P. berghei. Both resistant lines exhibit cross-resistance to quinine, but a roughly normal response to chloroquine, primaquine, sulphonamides, dapsone, pyrimethamine and cycloguanil. Resistance to WR 122,455 is stable through cyclical transmission and through cryopreservation, as well as in the absence of drug selection pressure. The resistant parasites have an essentially normal morphology and virulence. A warning is given against the widescale use of WR 122,455 or similar new drugs for human malaria other than in a suitable combination, in order to minimize the danger of the development of resistance to them.
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Homewood CA, Moore GA, Wwarhurst DC, Atkinson EM. Purification and some properties of malarial pigment. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 1975; 69:283-7. [PMID: 1098588 DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1975.11687012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Malarial pigment from erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium berghei was purified by treatment with sodium dodecyl sulphate solution, followed by incubation with Pancreatin. The purified pigment retained the apparently crystalline form of pigment within the parasite, rotated polarised light and had the same solubility characterisation as crude malarial pigment. It contained about 1% iron, all of which could be accounted for in terms of haemin. The iron of the pigment molecule is oxidised by the parasite to the ferric state.
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Drug Resistance in Malaria. Med Chem 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-688950-5.50009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sulfones. Med Chem 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-688950-5.50021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Howells RE, Peters W, Fullard J. The chemotherapy of rodent malaria, XIII. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 1970. [DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1970.11686682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Schneider MD. Characteristics and cross-resistance patterns of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium berghei infections in mice. Exp Parasitol 1968; 23:22-50. [PMID: 5691706 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4894(68)90040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Bishop A. Resistance to primaquine in Plasmodium gallinaceum, and the problem of resistance to quinoline compounds in malaria parasites. Parasitology 1967; 57:755-70. [PMID: 5583391 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000073200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A tenfold enhancement of resistance to primaquine was obtained by maintaining a strain of Plasmodium gallinaceum in a state of acute infection by serial passage of infected blood through young chicks treated with gradually increasing doses of the drug.No loss in resistance to primaquine was observed when the resistant strain was transmitted through mosquitoes, though there was some loss in resistance to the maximum tolerated dose, but not to lower doses, when the strain was maintained in a state of acute infection through untreated chicks for 41 weeks.The primaquine-resistant strain was cross-resistant to lower effective doses of pamaquin, and slightly less sensitive to quinine than the parent strain but the loss in sensitivity to chloroquine was only marginal. Sensitivity to proguanil, dihydrotriazine and pyrimethamine was normal.Attempts were made to produce a chloroquine-resistant strain of P. gallinaceum using different doses of the drug but no change in sensitivity was observed though the experiments were continued for more than a year. An attempt to produce a chloroquine-resistant strain by treatment of a proguanil-resistant strain with chloroquine also failed.The problem of resistance to quinoline compounds in different species of Plasmodium is discussed.
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Herrero J. The use of long acting sulfonamides, alone or with pyrimethamine, in malaria (with special reference to sulformetoxine). Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1967. [DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86821967000300004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
A cycloguanil-resistant strain of Plasmodium gallinaceum was produced relatively rapidly by passage through chicks treated with low but effective doses of the drug, the dose being increased as resistance developed.The strain was cross-resistant to proguanil but not to pyrimethamine or chloroquine.A strain highly resistant to proguanil was resistant to cycloguanil but only slightly resistant to pyrimethamine.A strain highly resistant to pyrimethamine was resistant to proguanil and cycloguanil.Passage for 20 months through birds treated with doses of cycloguanil which suppressed infection for relatively long periods failed to change the sensitivity of the strain to this drug or to proguanil. Although the relatively large dose did not eradicate the infection in any of the birds, subinoculations demonstrated that parasites were absent from the blood for a period in some of the birds, though infections finally developed.I am indebted to Parke Davis and Company for the supply of cycloguanil, to Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. for the proguanil hydrochloride and chloroquine phosphate and to Burroughs Wellcome and Company for the pyrimethamine base.
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Schnitzer RJ. Drug resistance of pathogenic Protozoa. TRANSACTIONS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 1966; 28:923-34. [PMID: 5331740 DOI: 10.1111/j.2164-0947.1966.tb02396.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Peters W. Drug responses of mepacrine- and primaquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium berghei Vincke and Lips, 1948. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 1966; 60:25-30. [PMID: 5960105 DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1966.11686381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Peters W. The possible role of primaquine in inducing multiple drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1966. [DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(66)90216-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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PETERS W. Mepacrine- and Primaquine-resistant Strains of Plasmodium berghei, Vincke and Lips, 1948. Nature 1965. [DOI: 10.1038/208693a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Peters W. Drug resistance in Plasmodium berghei Vincke and Lips, 1948. 3. Multiple drug resistance. Exp Parasitol 1965; 17:97-102. [PMID: 5843291 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4894(65)90014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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