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Jawali N, Sane P. Mechanism of reactivation of cyanide-inactivated nitrate reductase by flavins in light. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(83)80580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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de la Rosa FF, Castillo F, Méndez JM, Palacián E. Reactivation by flavin nucleotides of the NAD(P)H-inactivated spinach nitrate reductase. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(76)80312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Dwivedi U, Shiraishi N, Campbell W. Identification of an “essential” cysteine of nitrate reductase via mutagenesis of its recombinant cytochrome b reductase domain. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)36716-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Hyman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside 92521
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Wavelength Dependence of Nitrite Release and the Effects of Different Nitrogen Sources and C02 Tensions on Chlamydomonas reinhardii Inorganic Nitrogen Metabolism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-69767-8_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Fernandez E, Cardenas J. Isolation and properties of the NAD(P)H-cytochrome c reductase subunit of Chlamydomonas reinhardii NAD(P)H-nitrate reductase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(83)90164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Maldonado JM, Notton BA, Hewitt EJ. The reactivation of nitrate reductase from spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) inactivated by NADH and cyanide: effects of peroxidase and associated systems. PLANTA 1982; 156:289-294. [PMID: 24272572 DOI: 10.1007/bf00397465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/1982] [Accepted: 06/14/1982] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate reductase of spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) leaves which had been inactivated in vitro by treatment with NADH and cyanide, was reactivated by incubation with oxidant systems and measured as FMNH2-dependent activity. Ferricyanide, a purely chemical oxidant, produced rapid maximal reactivation (100%) which was 90% complete in less than 3 min. Reactivation occurred slowly and less completely (30-75% in 30 or 60 min) when the enzyme was incubated with pure horseradish peroxidase alone, depending on using one or 20 units and time. Addition of glucose and glucose oxidase to generate hydrogen peroxide increased reactivation slightly (10-15%) with 20 units of peroxidase but more (30-50%) with one unit and to 75-90% of ferricyanide values. Adding catalase decreased reactivation by more than half either with or without glucose oxidase. Glucose and glucose oxidase alone did not cause reactivation. Addition of superoxide dismutase increased reactivation from 50-75% of ferricyanide values with one unit of peroxidase alone but had no effect on greater reactivation obtained in the presence of glucose oxidase. The addition of p-cresol and manganese together increased reactivation with one unit of peroxidase and in the presence of glucose oxidase by about double, but omission of manganese had no effect. However, as shown previously, although trivalent manganese was formed, the residual presence of manganous ions inhibited reactivation. Nevertheless, peroxidase systems either alone or with additionally generated hydrogen peroxide can induce substantial reactivation of nitrate reductase in physiologically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Maldonado
- Long Ashton Research Station, University of Bristol, Long Ashton, BS18 9AF, Bristol, UK
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Vargas MA, Mauriño SG, Maldonado JM, Aparicio PJ. PHOTOINACTIVATION OF SPINACH NITRATE REDUCTASE SENSITIZED BY FLAVIN MONONUCLEOTIDE. EVIDENCE FOR THE INVOLVEMENT OF SINGLET OXYGEN. Photochem Photobiol 1982. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1982.tb04367.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Studies by affinity chromatography on the NAD(P)H and FAD sites of nitrate reductase from ankistrodesmusbraunii. J Chromatogr A 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)85907-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Maldonado J, Vargas MA, Mauriño SG, Aparicio PJ. Inactivation by acetylene of spinach nitrate reductase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(81)90089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ekés M. Ultrastructural demonstration of ferricyanide reductase (Diaphorase) activity in the envelopes of the plastids of etiolated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaves. PLANTA 1981; 151:439-446. [PMID: 24302109 DOI: 10.1007/bf00386537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/1980] [Accepted: 09/02/1980] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Electron-dense precipitate was found consistently in the plastid envelope compartment in etiolated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaves, incubated prior to fixation with succinate or malate as substrates and ferricyanide as the electron acceptor. Sulfhydryl reagents p-chloromercuribenzoate and N-ethylmaleimide abolished this reaction, while KCN did not affect it. Prefixation with 0.1% glutaraldehyde followed by incubation in basic media did not change the fine structural localization of precipitate, whereas pretreatment with 1.25% glutaraldehyde resulted in aspecific precipitation. Omission of the subtrate from the medium brought about diminished or negative reaction. Our results indicate that a (possibly not yet assembled) nitrate reductase complex is present in the plastid envelope compartment, the diaphorase part of which is responsible for the observed precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ekés
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Eötvös Loránd University, Muzeum krt. 4/A, H-1088, Budapest, Hungary
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Maldonado JM, Notton BA, Hewitt EJ. The reactivation of nitrate reductase from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) inactivated by NADH and cyanide, using trivalent manganese either generated by illuminated chloroplasts or as manganipyrophosphate. PLANTA 1980; 150:242-248. [PMID: 24306689 DOI: 10.1007/bf00390833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/1980] [Accepted: 06/13/1980] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate reductase of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves which had been inactivated in vitro by treatment with NADH and cyanide, was reactivated by incubation with oxidant systems and measured as FMNH2-dependent activity. Reactivation was produced with trivalent manganese compounds represented either by manganipyrophosphate or produced by oxidation of Mn(2+) ions in the presence of illuminated chloroplasts and compared with reactivation obtained with ferricyanide. Reactivation in the chloroplast system was equivalent to that with ferricyanide when orthophosphate was used but was variable and weak in the presence of pyrophosphate, although manganipyrophosphate was formed, freely. Reactivation by manganipyrophosphate in dark reaction conditions was less effective than with ferricyanide but was not inhibited by the addition of pyrophosphate. Reactivation with illuminated unheated chloroplasts was dependent on added manganese and oxidation of manganese in the presence of pyrophosphate was abolished by boiling the chloroplasts. In the presence of orthophosphate however, boiled, illuminated chloroplasts reactivated the enzyme in the absence of added manganese. Reactivation occurred spontaneously in air, more slowly than with the other oxidants, but to a similar extent to that produced by manganipyrophosphate. The results provide a possible model for physiological reactivation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Maldonado
- Long Ashton Research Station, University of Bristol, Long Ashton, BS18 9AF, Bristol, UK
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Presence of haem in the tungsten analogue of nitrate reductase and its relationship to dehydrogenase function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-4211(79)90159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Roldán JM, Calero F, Aparicio PJ. Photoreactivation of Spinach Nitrate Reductase: Role of Flavins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0044-328x(78)80215-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Vega JM. A reduced pyridine nucleotides-diaphorase activity associated to the assimilatory nitrite reductase complex from Neurospora crassa. Arch Microbiol 1976; 109:237-42. [PMID: 136235 DOI: 10.1007/bf00446634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Neurospora crassa assimilatory NAD(P)H-nitrite reductase complex has associated a NAD(P)H-diaphorase activity. 1. This NAD(P)H-diaphorase activity can use either mammalian cytochrome c, 2,6--dichlorophenol-indophenol, ferricyanide, or menadione as electron acceptor from the reduced pyridine nucleotides, and requires flavin adenine dinucleotide for maximal activity. 2. It is inhibited by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, 1 muM, and it is unaffected by cyanide, sulfite, or arsenite at concentrations which completely inhibit the NAD(P)H-nitrite reductase activity. 3. Flavin adenine dinucleotide specifically protects the NAD(P)H-diaphorase activities, but not the NAD(P)H-nitrite reductase activities, against thermal inactivation. 4. In vitro preincubation of the Neurospora crassa nitrite reductase complex with reduced pyridine nucleotides plus flavin adenine dinucleotide inactivates the NAD(P)H-nitrite reductase activities, but does not affect the NAD(P)H-diaphorase activities, indicating that this nitrite reductase inactivation occurs in the part of the enzyme that contain the nitrite reducing center.
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Aparicio PJ, Roldan JM, Calero F. Blue light photoreactivation of nitrate reductase from green algae and higher plants. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1976; 70:1071-7. [PMID: 942429 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(76)91011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Barea J, Sosa F, Cardenas J. Cyanide Inactivation of Chlamydomonas reinkardi Nitrate Reductase under Reducing Conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0044-328x(76)80062-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
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Jolly SO, Campbell W, Tolbert NE. NADPH- and NADH-nitrate reductases from soybean leaves. Arch Biochem Biophys 1976; 174:431-9. [PMID: 7208 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(76)90371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Calero F, Palacián E. Nitrate reductase from Spinacea oleracea. FAD and the inactivation by NAD (P) H. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1976; 69:277-84. [PMID: 5082 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(76)90518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Aparicio PJ, Knaff DB, Malkin R. The role of an iron-sulfur center and siroheme in spinach nitrite reductase. Arch Biochem Biophys 1975; 169:102-7. [PMID: 168814 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(75)90321-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Castillo F, de la Rosa FF, Palacián E. Nitrate reductase from Spinacea oleracea. Effects of sulfhydryl-group reagents on the activities of the complex and the inactivation by NADH. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1975; 64:546-52. [PMID: 167749 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(75)90356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wallace W. Effects of a nitrate reductase inactivating enzyme and NAD(P)H on the nitrate reductase from higher plants and Neurospora. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1975; 377:239-50. [PMID: 235300 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(75)90306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is presented which suggests that the NAD(P)H-cytochrome c reductase component of nitrate reductase is the main site of action of the inactivating enzyme. When tested on the nitrate reductase (NADH) from the maize root and scutella, the NADH-cytochrome c reductase was inactivated at a greater rate than was the FADH2-nitrate reductase component. With the Neurospora nitrate reductase (NADPH) only the NADPH-cytochrome c reductase was inactivated. p-Chloromercuribenzoate at 50 muM, which gave almost complete inhibition of the NADH-cytochrome c reductase fraction of the maize nitrate reductase, had no marked effect on the action of the inactivating enzyme. A reversible inactivation of the maize nitrate reductase has been shown to occur during incubation with NAD(P)H. In contrast to the action of the inactivating enzyme, it is the FADH2-nitrate reductase alone which is inactivated. No inactivation of the Neurospora nitrate reductase was produced by NAD(P)H alone and also in the presence of FAD. The lack of effect of the inactivating enzyme and NAD(P)H on the FADH2-nitrate reductase of Neurospora suggests some differences in its structure or conformation from that of the maize enzyme. A low level of cyanide (0.4 mu M) markedly enhanced the action of NAD(P)H on the maize enzyme; Cyanide at a higher level (6 mu M) did give inactivation of the Neurospora nitrate reductase in the presence of NADPH and FAD. The maize nitrate reductase, when partially inactivated by NADH and cyanide, was not altered as a substrate for the inactivating enzyme. The maize root inactivating enzyme was also shown to inactivate the nitrate reductase (NADH) in the pea leaf. It had no effect on the nitrate reductase from either Pseudomonas denitrificans or Nitrobacter agilis.
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Kadam SS, Gandhi AP, Sawhney SK, Naik MS. Inhibitor of nitrate reductase in the roots of rice seedlings and its effect on the enzyme activity in the presence of NADH. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 350:162-70. [PMID: 4366386 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(74)90214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Gewitz HS, Lorimer GH, Solomonson LP, Vennesland B. Presence of HCN in chlorella vulgaris and its possible role in controlling the reduction of nitrate. Nature 1974; 249:79-81. [PMID: 4364357 DOI: 10.1038/249079a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Rivas J, Tortolero M, Paneque A. Metal components of the nitrate-reducing system from the yeast Torulopsis nitratophila. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-4211(74)90085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Palacián E, De la Rosa F, Castillo F, Gómez-Moreno C. Nitrate reductase from Spinacea oleracea. Reversible inactivation by NAD(P)H and by thiols. Arch Biochem Biophys 1974; 161:441-7. [PMID: 4151885 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(74)90326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Rigano C, Violante U, Aliotta G. Kinetic aspects of nitrate reductase from Cyanidium caldarium. Inhibition by reduced pyridine nucleotides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 327:19-23. [PMID: 4149159 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(73)90098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Guerrero MG, Vega JM, Leadbetter E, Losada M. Preparation and characterization of a soluble nitrate reductase from Azotobacter chroococcum. ARCHIV FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE 1973; 91:287-304. [PMID: 4741525 DOI: 10.1007/bf00425049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Garrett RH, Greenbaum P. The inhibition of the Neurospora crassa nitrate reductase complex by metal-binding agents. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 302:24-32. [PMID: 4144237 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(73)90004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Maldonado JM, Herrera J, Paneque A, Losada M. Reversible inactivation by NADH and ADP on Chlorella fusca nitrate reductase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1973; 51:27-33. [PMID: 4349325 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(73)90502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Zumft WG, Spiller H, Yeboah-Smith I. [Iron content and electron donor specificity of the nitrate reductase from Ankistrodesmus]. PLANTA 1972; 102:228-236. [PMID: 24482205 DOI: 10.1007/bf00386893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/1971] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.1-2) purified from nitrogen-deficient cells of Ankistrodesmus braunii has the same characteristics previously described for the enzyme from Chlorella fusca. Nitrogen-deficient cells were chosen as a source for nitrate reductase because of a pronounced rise of enzymatic activity after about 20 days of growth, which surpassed even the specific activity present in normal cells. This nitrate reductase exhibits a twofold specificity towards NADH and NADPH which shows a constant ratio during enzyme purification and cannot be separated by gelfiltration or density gradient centrifugation. By growing Ankistrodesmus in the presence of radioactive (55)Fe, the incorporation of this metal into the purified enzyme could be demonstrated. A scheme is presented for the enzymatic mechanism of nitrate reduction in green algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Zumft
- Botanisches Institut der Universität Erlangen, Erlangen, Deutschland
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Herrera J, Paneque A, Maldonado JM, Barea JL, Losada M. Regulation by ammonia of nitrate reductase synthesis and activity in Chlamydomonas reinhardi. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1972; 48:996-1003. [PMID: 4404625 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(72)90707-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Solomonson LP, Vennesland B. Properties of a nitrate reductase of Chlorella. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 267:544-57. [PMID: 4340061 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(72)90183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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